DE2264702B2 - LIQUID CRYSTAL ELEMENT - Google Patents

LIQUID CRYSTAL ELEMENT

Info

Publication number
DE2264702B2
DE2264702B2 DE19722264702 DE2264702A DE2264702B2 DE 2264702 B2 DE2264702 B2 DE 2264702B2 DE 19722264702 DE19722264702 DE 19722264702 DE 2264702 A DE2264702 A DE 2264702A DE 2264702 B2 DE2264702 B2 DE 2264702B2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal element
negative electrode
voltage
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19722264702
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE2264702A1 (en
DE2264702C3 (en
Inventor
Masachika Yokohama; Furuta Shigetaro Fujisawa; Kanagawa Yaguchi (Japan)
Original Assignee
Ausscheidung aus: 22 40 781 Dai Nippon Toryo K.K, Osaka (Japan)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP6234371A external-priority patent/JPS5137018B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP7832471A external-priority patent/JPS4843896A/ja
Priority claimed from JP1972009524U external-priority patent/JPS524940Y2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2306872U external-priority patent/JPS5153183Y2/ja
Application filed by Ausscheidung aus: 22 40 781 Dai Nippon Toryo K.K, Osaka (Japan) filed Critical Ausscheidung aus: 22 40 781 Dai Nippon Toryo K.K, Osaka (Japan)
Publication of DE2264702A1 publication Critical patent/DE2264702A1/en
Publication of DE2264702B2 publication Critical patent/DE2264702B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2264702C3 publication Critical patent/DE2264702C3/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/09—Function characteristic transflective

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Flüssigkriscallelement mit zwei im wesentlichen parallelen Platten, mit an deren einander zugewandten Flächen angeordneten Elektroden, von denen mindestens eine transparent ist und die an eine Gleichspannung anschließbar sind, sowie mit einem zwischen den beiden Platten befindlichen nematischen Flüssigkristall.The invention relates to a liquid crystal element two essentially parallel plates, with electrodes arranged on their mutually facing surfaces, at least one of which is transparent and which can be connected to a DC voltage, as well as with a nematic liquid crystal located between the two plates.

Ein derartiges Flüssigkristallelement ist aus »Siemens-Bauteile-Informationen«, 9 (1971), S. 71 bis 73, bekannt. Das dort beschriebene Flüssigkristallelement arbeitet im Gleichspannungsbetrieb, wobei der Stromfluß durch die Flüssigkristallschicht immer die gleiche Richtung hat. Das Lebensdauerverhalten bei dieser Betriebsart ist problematisch, weil wegen des immer gleichen Stromflusses Polarisierungseffekte auftreten, die bei den für die negative Elektrode herkömmlicherweise verwendeten Metallen zu verschiedenen unerwünschten Effekten führt, insbesondere zu einer Schaumbildung und Vergilbung des Flüssigkristalls.Such a liquid crystal element is from "Siemens component information", 9 (1971), pp. 71 to 73, are known. The liquid crystal element described there works in direct voltage mode, the current flow through the liquid crystal layer always being the same Has direction. The service life behavior in this operating mode is problematic because of the always The same current flow polarization effects occur which are conventional for the negative electrode metals used leads to various undesirable effects, in particular one Foaming and yellowing of the liquid crystal.

Vom Standpunkt der Lebensdauer aus wäre grundsätzlich ein Weehselspannungsbetrieb des Flüssigkristallelements günstiger, weil dann Polarisierungseffekte vermieden wurden. Dies bedingt aber eine aufwendigere Steuerschaltung, die nicht nur wegen ihrer höheren Herstellungskosten, sondern insbesondere wegen ihres größeren Platzbedarfs nachteilig ist.From the standpoint of life, the principle would be an alternating voltage operation of the liquid crystal element cheaper because polarization effects were then avoided. But this requires a more complex one Control circuit, not only because of their higher manufacturing costs, but especially because of their larger space requirement is disadvantageous.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Flüssigkristallelement zu schaffen, das bei Gleichspannungsbetrieb eine höhere Lebensdauer aufweist als das herkömmliche Element.The invention is based on the object of creating a liquid crystal element that operates in DC voltage has a longer service life than the conventional element.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht erfindungsgemäß darin, daß ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der negativen Elektrode Titan, Zirkon und/oder Palladium ist.The solution to this problem is that an essential part of the negative Electrode is titanium, zirconium and / or palladium.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß bei Verwendung einer derartigen negativen Elektrode die Lebensdauer des Flüssigkristallelements auch im Gleichspannungsbetrieb merklich verlängert wird.It has been found that when using such a negative electrode, the life of the Liquid crystal elements is noticeably lengthened even in DC voltage operation.

Zum Nachweis der erzielten Verlängerung der Lebensdauer wurde ein Element mit einem Flüssigkristall, nämlich MBBA, in einer Schichtdicke von 12 μ gefüllt, wobei als positive Elektrode ein leitender Überzug aus Zinnoxid und als negative Elektrode jeweils einer der in der nachstehenden Tabelle angegebenen Metallüberzüge verwendet wurde. Die ebenfalls in dieser Tabelle angegebene Lebensdauer des jeweiligen Flüssigkristallelements wurde unter Anlegen einer Gleichspannung von 24 V gemessen.An element with a liquid crystal, namely MBBA, filled in a layer thickness of 12 μ, with a conductive electrode as the positive electrode Coating made of tin oxide and, as negative electrode, one of the following table specified metal coatings was used. The service life of the each liquid crystal element was measured with a DC voltage of 24 V applied.

Negative Elektrode AlNegative electrode Al

CuCu

PbPb

ZnZn

AuAu

SnO2SnO2

TiTi

ZrZr

PdPd

Lebensdauer
(in Stunden)lifespan
(in hours)

2222nd

4848

5050

>1000 >1000 >1000> 1000> 1000> 1000

Als Lebensdauer wurde diejenige Zeit gemessen, die verging, bis der flüssige Kristall Schaumbildung und Anzeichen von Vergilbung zeigte. Die Tabelle zeigt, daß die Lebensdauer bei Verwendung von Titan, Zirkon oder Palladium als Komponente der negativen Elektrode außerordentlich stark verlängert wurde.The lifetime was measured as the time it took for the liquid crystal to foam and Showed signs of yellowing. The table shows that the service life when using titanium, zirconium or palladium as a component of the negative electrode has been extremely elongated.

Claims (1)

Patentanspruch:Claim: Flüssigkristallelement mit zwei im wesentlichen parallelen Platten, mit an deren einander zugewandten Flächen angeordneten Elektroden, von denen mindestens eine transparent ist und die an eine Gleichspannung anschließbar sind, sowie mit einem zwischen den beiden Platten befindlichen nematischen Flüssigkristall, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der negativen Elektrode Titan, Zirkon und/oder Palladium ist.Liquid crystal element with two substantially parallel plates, with one facing each other Areas arranged electrodes, of which at least one is transparent and which is connected to a DC voltage can be connected, as well as with a nematic located between the two plates Liquid crystal, characterized in that that an essential component of the negative electrode is titanium, zirconium and / or palladium.
DE2264702A 1971-08-18 1972-08-18 Liquid crystal element Expired DE2264702C3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6234371A JPS5137018B2 (en) 1971-08-18 1971-08-18
JP7832471A JPS4843896A (en) 1971-10-07 1971-10-07
JP1972009524U JPS524940Y2 (en) 1972-01-24 1972-01-24
JP2306872U JPS5153183Y2 (en) 1972-02-26 1972-02-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2264702A1 DE2264702A1 (en) 1974-08-01
DE2264702B2 true DE2264702B2 (en) 1977-12-22
DE2264702C3 DE2264702C3 (en) 1978-08-31

Family

ID=27455198

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE2264702A Expired DE2264702C3 (en) 1971-08-18 1972-08-18 Liquid crystal element
DE2240781A Ceased DE2240781B2 (en) 1971-08-18 1972-08-18 Liquid crystal cells

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE2240781A Ceased DE2240781B2 (en) 1971-08-18 1972-08-18 Liquid crystal cells

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (2) US3932024A (en)
DE (2) DE2264702C3 (en)

Families Citing this family (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT323249B (en) * 1972-07-03 1975-06-25 Electrovac LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL
CH557071A (en) * 1973-09-07 1974-12-13 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LIQUID CRYSTAL CELLS, AFTER-MANUFACTURING LIQUID CRYSTAL CELLS AND APPLICATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL CELLS AS DISPLAY ELEMENTS.
US4106860A (en) * 1973-09-07 1978-08-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Liquid-crystal cell
US4086003A (en) * 1974-07-15 1978-04-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Electrochromic display cell
DE2534783C2 (en) * 1974-08-14 1983-05-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Seikosha, Tokyo Electro-optical display device
JPS5935195B2 (en) * 1975-03-12 1984-08-27 セイコーエプソン株式会社 digital watch
US4140378A (en) * 1975-08-09 1979-02-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha View finder device having liquid crystal cell
US4037930A (en) * 1976-04-05 1977-07-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display cells
US4183629A (en) * 1976-07-21 1980-01-15 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Electronic optical display device and method of manufacturing the same
CH618282A5 (en) * 1976-07-23 1980-07-15 Sharp Kk
CH610668A5 (en) * 1977-02-11 1979-04-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Partially transparent reflector on liquid-crystal displays and method for producing it
JPS5412761A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-01-30 Sharp Corp Display device
DE2735493C2 (en) * 1977-08-05 1981-10-15 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal cell and a liquid crystal cell manufactured thereafter
US4128312A (en) * 1977-10-04 1978-12-05 Hughes Aircraft Company Long life reflective liquid crystal display for dc operation
DE2910779C3 (en) * 1979-03-19 1981-11-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Display module with an electro-optical display device
IL58213A (en) * 1979-09-10 1984-05-31 Stolov Michael Electronically controlled multicolor display
JPS56122011A (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-09-25 Sharp Corp Sealing structure of liquid crystal panel
US4362903A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 General Electric Company Electrical conductor interconnect providing solderable connections to hard-to-contact substrates, such as liquid crystal cells
JP2721497B2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1998-03-04 ケント・ステート・ユニバーシティ Method for producing light modulating substance
US4671618A (en) * 1986-05-22 1987-06-09 Wu Bao Gang Liquid crystalline-plastic material having submillisecond switch times and extended memory
US4685771A (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-08-11 West John L Liquid crystal display material comprising a liquid crystal dispersion in a thermoplastic resin
US4673255A (en) * 1986-05-22 1987-06-16 John West Method of controlling microdroplet growth in polymeric dispersed liquid crystal
JPS6444336A (en) * 1987-08-10 1989-02-16 Nissan Motor Vehicle display device
EP0402170B1 (en) * 1989-06-09 1994-11-09 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display device
US5910854A (en) 1993-02-26 1999-06-08 Donnelly Corporation Electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films, and processes for making such solid films and devices
FR2704074B1 (en) * 1993-04-15 1995-06-02 France Telecom Method for producing a display cell with counter-electrode recovery.
US5668663A (en) 1994-05-05 1997-09-16 Donnelly Corporation Electrochromic mirrors and devices
JP3881092B2 (en) * 1997-07-10 2007-02-14 シチズン時計株式会社 LCD panel
US6891563B2 (en) 1996-05-22 2005-05-10 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular vision system
US5867236A (en) * 1996-05-21 1999-02-02 Rainbow Displays, Inc. Construction and sealing of tiled, flat-panel displays
US5953094A (en) * 1997-04-04 1999-09-14 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
US6326613B1 (en) 1998-01-07 2001-12-04 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle interior mirror assembly adapted for containing a rain sensor
US8294975B2 (en) 1997-08-25 2012-10-23 Donnelly Corporation Automotive rearview mirror assembly
US6172613B1 (en) * 1998-02-18 2001-01-09 Donnelly Corporation Rearview mirror assembly incorporating vehicle information display
US6124886A (en) 1997-08-25 2000-09-26 Donnelly Corporation Modular rearview mirror assembly
WO1999028782A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-10 Flat Panel Display Co. (Fpd) B.V. Display device
US6445287B1 (en) 2000-02-28 2002-09-03 Donnelly Corporation Tire inflation assistance monitoring system
US8288711B2 (en) 1998-01-07 2012-10-16 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system with forwardly-viewing camera and a control
EP1550902A3 (en) * 1998-02-04 2006-03-01 Seiko Epson Corporation Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus
US6477464B2 (en) 2000-03-09 2002-11-05 Donnelly Corporation Complete mirror-based global-positioning system (GPS) navigation solution
US6693517B2 (en) * 2000-04-21 2004-02-17 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle mirror assembly communicating wirelessly with vehicle accessories and occupants
US6329925B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-12-11 Donnelly Corporation Rearview mirror assembly with added feature modular display
EP1263626A2 (en) 2000-03-02 2002-12-11 Donnelly Corporation Video mirror systems incorporating an accessory module
US7167796B2 (en) 2000-03-09 2007-01-23 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle navigation system for use with a telematics system
WO2004058540A2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Donnelly Corporation Accessory system for vehicle
US7370983B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2008-05-13 Donnelly Corporation Interior mirror assembly with display
US7255451B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2007-08-14 Donnelly Corporation Electro-optic mirror cell
US7581859B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2009-09-01 Donnelly Corp. Display device for exterior rearview mirror
ATE363413T1 (en) 2001-01-23 2007-06-15 Donnelly Corp IMPROVED VEHICLE LIGHTING SYSTEM
US6950220B2 (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-09-27 E Ink Corporation Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same
US6918674B2 (en) * 2002-05-03 2005-07-19 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle rearview mirror system
WO2003105099A1 (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-18 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system with compass
US7329013B2 (en) 2002-06-06 2008-02-12 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system with compass
US7310177B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2007-12-18 Donnelly Corporation Electro-optic reflective element assembly
WO2004103772A2 (en) 2003-05-19 2004-12-02 Donnelly Corporation Mirror assembly for vehicle
AU2003278863A1 (en) 2002-09-20 2004-04-08 Donnelly Corporation Mirror reflective element assembly
US7446924B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2008-11-04 Donnelly Corporation Mirror reflective element assembly including electronic component
US7308341B2 (en) 2003-10-14 2007-12-11 Donnelly Corporation Vehicle communication system
ATE517368T1 (en) 2005-05-16 2011-08-15 Donnelly Corp VEHICLE MIRROR ARRANGEMENT WITH CHARACTER ON THE REFLECTIVE PART
CN101535087B (en) 2005-11-01 2013-05-15 唐纳利公司 Interior rearview mirror with display
US8154418B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2012-04-10 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Interior rearview mirror system
US8848158B2 (en) 2008-07-01 2014-09-30 Gentex Corporation Liquid crystal display device and associated liquid crystal media for use in the same
US7803285B2 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-09-28 Gentex Corporation Liquid crystal display device and associated liquid crystal media for use in the same

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2387745A (en) * 1943-02-16 1945-10-30 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Mirror and reflector
US3600060A (en) * 1968-02-23 1971-08-17 Ncr Co Display device containing minute droplets of cholesteric liquid crystals in a substantially continuous polymeric matrix
US3614210A (en) * 1969-11-06 1971-10-19 Rca Corp Liquid crystal day/night mirror
US3748017A (en) * 1970-06-05 1973-07-24 K Yamamura Electrodes for liquid crystal display device
US3751137A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-08-07 Rockwell International Corp Liquid crystal display device
US3748018A (en) * 1972-02-09 1973-07-24 American Micro Syst Universal transmission reflectance mode liquid crystal display

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2264702A1 (en) 1974-08-01
DE2264702C3 (en) 1978-08-31
US3932024A (en) 1976-01-13
US3947090A (en) 1976-03-30
DE2240781A1 (en) 1973-02-22
DE2240781B2 (en) 1979-05-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2264702C3 (en) Liquid crystal element
DE2109063C3 (en) Piezoelectric drive
DE2437516A1 (en) MATRIX-SHAPED CONTROLLABLE LIGHT DISPLAY PANEL WITH LIQUID CRYSTALS
DE19743210A1 (en) Blade for scraping or coating applications
DE3904029C2 (en)
DE2728564A1 (en) SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENT
DE3708436C2 (en)
CH645451A5 (en) MEASUREMENT PLATE OR SLIDEWAY ELEMENT.
DE516394C (en) Dry rectifier
DE3713841A1 (en) BRUSH HOLDER, ESPECIALLY FOR TURN-TURN ALTERNATORS
DE2418022A1 (en) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY IN MULTIPLEX
DE2161844A1 (en) Electrolytic capacitor
DE720445C (en) Process for the production of dry plate rectifiers with a light metal as the base electrode material and dry plate rectifiers produced according to this process
DE941843C (en) Pre-electrode for electrolytic cells
DE890362C (en) Metal spacer for porcelain fittings, electrical switches
DE2429966A1 (en) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE
DE2534783A1 (en) Electrooptical display unit including two electrode plates - which are glued together with an electrooptical substance sealed between them
DE4325761A1 (en) Silverable and shadable glass elements and glass sheets
DE598914C (en) Electric pressure indicator
DE892190C (en) Dry rectifier with rectifier discs lined up on a bolt
DE2160469B2 (en) Electrical.indicator
CH658738A5 (en) ELECTROCHROME DISPLAY DEVICE.
DE1942766A1 (en) Electrostrictive piezo-electric control - element
EP0173094B1 (en) Plating barrel
DE10227563B4 (en) Electrical component with isolation zone

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C3 Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication)
8328 Change in the person/name/address of the agent

Free format text: STREHL, P., DIPL.-ING. DIPL.-WIRTSCH.-ING. SCHUEBEL-HOPF, U., DIPL.-CHEM. DR.RER.NAT., PAT.-ANW., 8000 MUENCHEN

8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee