DE2252071A1 - SNOW LEVEL, PREFERABLY FOR USE AS AN AVALANCHE WARNING DEVICE - Google Patents
SNOW LEVEL, PREFERABLY FOR USE AS AN AVALANCHE WARNING DEVICEInfo
- Publication number
- DE2252071A1 DE2252071A1 DE2252071A DE2252071A DE2252071A1 DE 2252071 A1 DE2252071 A1 DE 2252071A1 DE 2252071 A DE2252071 A DE 2252071A DE 2252071 A DE2252071 A DE 2252071A DE 2252071 A1 DE2252071 A1 DE 2252071A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- snow
- snow level
- level according
- signal
- warning device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
- G01S13/951—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use ground based
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/0209—Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
Description
wi nenwam ge γϊ tpwi nenwam ge γϊ tp
,(S c Ii η β β ρ e g e 1 ;)', rorJHjS ive/se >^r tvyuvem/ϊ,ι,ι, als. , (S c Ii η β β ρ ege 1;) ', rorJHjS ive / se> ^ r tvyuvem / ϊ, ι, ι, als.
Automatische Schneepegel werden für viele Zwecke dringend benötigt, z. B. Kontrolle der Schneehöhe 1n lawinengefährdeten Gebieten, Messungen der Schneelage Im Einzugsgebiet von Kraftwerken usw. Besonders günstig sind solche Konstruktionen, die sich vollständig im Boden versenken lassen, well sie durch abgehende Lawinen nicht gefährdet sind. Mechanische Konstruktionen haben außerdem noch den Nachteil, daß sie durch rutschenden Schnee gefährdet sind. Außerdem besteht bei beweglichen Teilen eine Vereisungsgefahr. Es gibt deshalb bisher nur stangenförmige Geräte, die aus der Ferne mit Fernrohren abgelesen werden. Andere Vorschläge versuchen, den Schnee zu schmelzen und das Schneeschmelzwasser nach Art der Regenwasser zu bestimmen. Echolot-Verfahren wären nahellegend, haben aber bisher noch keinen Erfolg gebracht, da die 1m Wasser sehr zweckmäßigen Schal!schwingungen (Ultraschall) im Schnee stark gedämpft werden und außerdem die Schneeoberfläche keinen schärfen übergang bildet, der ein gutes Signal Überhaupt erzeugen könnte. Es 1st deshalb vorgeschlagen, kürzeste elektromagnetische Wellen zu verwenden. Es wird deshalb durch eine Richtantenne ein Senderimpuls ausgestrahlt und die Reflektion empfangen und ausgewertet. Dabei 1st die z.B. hornartige Streifenantenne Im Boden versenkt. Dies hat noch einen zusätzlichen Vorteil, es mißt nicht nur die Gesamtschneehöhe, sondern auch Schichtungen im Schnee, deren Kenntnis für die Lawinenwarnung besonders wichtig ist, erkennbar. Da nur 1m Bereich bis 10 GHz der Schnee elektromagnetische Wellen gut durchläßt, und andererseits eine Längen*uflösung auf 1,5 ... 15 cm verlangt 1st, kommen nur Impulszelten von 0,1 ... 1 ns In Frage. Da hler das System nur mit wenigen Wellenzyklen arbeiten kann,1st es besser, nur einzelne Impulse auszustrahlen, wie sie z.B. durch Step-Recovery-Dioden erzeugt werden. Dies 1st für andere Zwecke schon vorgeschlagen worden» hat aber hler noch besondere Vorteile.Automatic snow gauges are badly needed for many purposes, e.g. B. Control of snow depth in areas prone to avalanches, measurements of snow conditions in the catchment area of power plants, etc. Are particularly favorable such constructions that can be completely submerged in the ground, well they are not endangered by outgoing avalanches. Mechanical constructions also have the disadvantage that they are endangered by sliding snow are. In addition, there is a risk of freezing over moving parts. So far, there are only rod-shaped devices that can be remotely operated with Telescopes can be read. Other proposals try to melt the snow and determine the snowmelt water according to the type of rainwater. Echo sounding methods would be obvious, but have so far not been successful brought because the 1m water very useful sound! vibrations (ultrasound) are strongly attenuated in the snow and, moreover, the snow surface does not form a sharp transition that would generate a good signal at all could. It is therefore proposed to use shortest electromagnetic waves. A transmitter pulse is therefore emitted through a directional antenna and the reflection received and evaluated. The e.g. horn-like strip antenna sunk into the ground. This has an additional one Advantage, it not only measures the total snow depth, but also layers in the snow, knowledge of which is particularly important for the avalanche warning is recognizable. Since only 1m range up to 10 GHz the snow is electromagnetic Well lets waves through, and on the other hand a length resolution of 1.5 ... 15 cm is required, only pulse tents of 0.1 ... 1 ns are possible. Since the system can only work with a few wave cycles, it is better to to emit only single impulses, as e.g. with step recovery diodes be generated. This has already been suggested for other purposes but it also has special advantages.
geändert gemäß Eingabe
eingegangen am „JJJLchanged according to input
received on "JJJL
9823/08749823/0874
nachgereicht -O- - - subsequently submitted -O- - -
FI8, 1 i«1 of die grundsltiliche Anordnung. Das Girit 1st In InMMNfWi 1 •Inplassen, ti ragt nur aus geeignete« Kuntutoff oder dergleichen !»stehend« vorzugsweise leicht gewölbt· Deck·! 2 heraus, das fiehMuse 3 ichließt dl· Sendeeinrichtung ab. Eine bandflfnrip Hornantenne 4 sendet dft Signal· dar Sendeeinrichtung S tui» diti« werden an Schneeschichten f bzw. der Schneeoberfliche 7 reflektiert» pianpn zur Eapfanpanteiine 8. dl· lapfangeinrichtung» z.B. Slmipling-Dioden 9 aoduiiert das Signal. Stndtr und Eapffcngtr werdttn von einer pimiitiiuBfft Steueretinricfitung IO betrieben. Ein· TeleafttriesiftdtrwinHditung ti pstittat dft Weiterleitung drahtlos oder über Drafii auf an sich bolnittitcr UtIs* iu etner FeroeapfanpsUtion. Die AntAitntii aiJssin iur Hfctfstrjttilimif das EInTe I lapuUes «1t DKepfungteinrichtunpn, vonugtwise W1dtrstlnd«nt mrsehen Merden. Flg. 2 uigt dassoib« 1a Grundriß. DU Trmnnand 12 erleichtert das Entkoppeln der Send·- und Spanneinrichtung« da Infolge der kunen Zelt normale Umschau- odor Sldierungsianrichtiinpn «dt NtIn Flugradar schwer ausiufUhren sind.FI8, 1 i «1 of the basic arrangement. The girit is in InMMNfWi 1 • Inplassen, ti only protrudes from suitable «Kuntutoff or the like!» Standing «preferably slightly arched · deck ·! 2 out, the fiehMuse 3 disconnects the transmitter. A bandflfnrip horn antenna 4 sends the signal, the transmitter device S tui "diti" are reflected on layers of snow f or the snow surface 7 "pianpn to the Eapfanpanteiine 8. The lap catching device" eg slipping diodes 9 modulates the signal. Stndtr and Eapffcngtr are operated by a pimiitiiuBfft control unit IO. A · TeleafttriesiftdtrwinHditung ti pstittat dft forwarding wirelessly or via Drafii to per se bolnittitcr UtIs * iu etner FeroeapfanpsUtion. The AntAitntii aiJssin iur Hfctfstrjttilimif the united I lapuUes "1t DKepfungteinrichtunpn, vonugtwise W1dtrstlnd" n t mrsehen Merden. Flg. 2 uigt dassoib «1a ground plan. DU Trmnnand 12 facilitates the decoupling of the transmission and tensioning device, since normal survey or deployment equipment is difficult to carry out as a result of the kunen tent.
Solch· MeßgerSte wevtlen Ik alipmtltrtitn fn §rttßer«r Entfernung von den Registrierst·! len eingebaut*·rden, deshalb 1st die nach dew Prinzip des $aaj>l1ng-Ossiilographen arbeitende Abtastung besonder» zweduuäßig. DI· auftretende Niederfra<|wnz z.B. bis aix. 30 kHz kann beque· über Teleeetenender oder FernsprachleUung weitergeführt werden. Statt die vollständige Saeplingüszillographentechnik anzuwenden, kann aan auch ein· lanpaaa Punkt fUr Punkt-Abtastung vorneneen.Such measuring devices move away from the register! Therefore, the scanning, which works according to the principle of the aaj> lng ossiilograph, is particularly necessary. DI · occurring Niederfra <| wnz e.g. to aix. 30 kHz can be used comfortably via tele-teletransmitters or FernsprachleUung will be continued. Instead of using the complete Saepling guscillograph technique, a long point for point scanning can also be used.
Flg. 3 zeigt «In 0sz1llogr«phenb1ld. Signal 13 1st das ObersprecheIgnal des Senders auf den Enpflfngar. Signal 14 1st UI!weise dl· unter· Kant· der Eisschicht 6. Signal 15 1st d1« obere Kante, Signal 16 1st dl· reflektiert« an der Oberschicht des Schnees.Flg. 3 shows "In 0szllogr" phenb1ld. Signal 13 is the upper talk signal of the Transmitter on the Enpflfngar. Signal 14 1st UI! Indicates dl · under · edge · of ice layer 6. Signal 15 1st d1 «upper edge, signal 16 1st dl · reflected« the upper layer of the snow.
Mit de« genannten Syst·· kam nan nur RefiexionszeUen pneu «essen. Die exakte Angabe der Schneehöhe 1st von der Kenntnis der Dichte und anderer elektrischer Eigenschaften des Schnees abhängig. Es wird deshalb in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorpschlapn, In gewissen bekannten Mühen Corner-Reflektoren einzuordnen, die eine Höheneerfce pben. Sollten dieseWith the above-mentioned system, only reflection signals came to eat. the Exact indication of snow depth depends on knowing the density and others electrical properties of the snow dependent. It will therefore be used in further Embodiment of the invention is proposed, with certain known troubles To classify corner reflectors that pben a Höhenerfce. Should this
•AD ORIGINAL 309823/0674• AD ORIGINAL 309823/0674
nachgereieh!follow up!
durch eine-abgehende Uwiris bm<ikMi§t sein» so 1st das Serit nicht unbrauchbar, sondern nur nielit m«w geeüdist· Bisse Reflektoren «©Uten ß$gliehst an Rande des Strahlenkegels z.l» spifalenfSmig aiapertet werden. Diese Reflektoren gestatten auch, eine absolute testing der reflektierten Energie zum Vergleich der ausgesandten Energie wrzumhmn mu geben über die Dämpfung Auskunft, auch über weitere Eigenschaften des Schnees wie z.3. Wassergehalt.by an outgoing Uwiris bm <ikMi§t "so the Serit is not unusable, but only nielit m" w geeüdist · bite reflectors "© Uten ß $ gliehst at the edge of the cone of rays zl" SpifalenfSmig be aiapertified. These reflectors also allow an absolute testing of the reflected energy wrzumhmn for comparison of energy emitted give mu over the attenuation information, including on other properties of snow as Z.3. Water content.
In Fig. 1 bzw. F1g. 2 sind Corner-Reflektoren 18 iü verschiedener Höhe eingezeichnet, sie sind vorzugsweise so angsifdnet» daS5 sie die direkte Ausstrahlung nicht stören und so die Reflektionssipaie der Schichten nicht stören. Sie ermöglichen eine höhere Eichung und über einen Amplituden-Vergleich eine Dämpfungsmessung auf der jeweiligen Strecke. Dabei wird es vorteilhaft sein, eine genaue definierte zeltabhängige Dämpfung auszugleichen, so daß nur noch Abweichungen registriert und ausgewertet werden müssen.In Fig. 1 and F1g. 2, corner reflectors 18 of different heights are shown; they are preferably so angular that they do not interfere with the direct radiation and so do not interfere with the reflection sipaie of the layers disturb. They enable a higher calibration and an amplitude comparison to measure the attenuation on the respective route. It will be advantageous to compensate for a precisely defined, tent-dependent damping, so that only deviations have to be registered and evaluated.
Es kann oft Interessant sein, die Schichtung des gefalleisen Sehnses und nicht die des nach Verglasung liegengebliebenen Schnees zu Hessen, Hiefür soll erfindungsgemäß das Meßgerät mit einem offenen Rohr versehen werden, das den Schnee sammelt und in der natürlichen Reihenfolge registriert.It can often be interesting, the stratification of the longing and fallen not that of the snow in Hesse that remained after glazing, for that according to the invention, the measuring device is to be provided with an open tube, that collects the snow and registers it in the natural order.
Solche Geräte lassen sich nicht nur zur Messung der direkten Schneehöhe einsetzen, sondern sind auch in der Lage, Auskunft über die Dickt von Wächten zu geben, wenn sie entsprechend angebracht sind. Bei beiden Anordnungsarten 1st es möglich, automatisch bei Oberschreiten einer bestirnten Schneehöhe und sofort bei Bildung von Schneeschichten Alarm zu geben, so daß rechtzeitig Maßnahmen eingeleitet werden können, die Gefahr zu beseitigen.Such devices can not only be used to measure the direct snow depth use, but are also able to provide information about the thickness of guards if they are appropriately attached. With both types of arrangement it is possible to give an alarm automatically when a certain snow depth is exceeded and immediately when snow layers form, so that Measures can be initiated in good time to eliminate the danger.
309823/0 674309823/0 674
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT919171 | 1971-10-25 | ||
FR7314888A FR2226670A1 (en) | 1971-10-25 | 1973-04-19 | Automatic equipment warns of snow conditions - by using high frequency pulses which indicate possibility of avalanches |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2252071A1 true DE2252071A1 (en) | 1973-06-07 |
Family
ID=25605363
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2252071A Pending DE2252071A1 (en) | 1971-10-25 | 1972-10-24 | SNOW LEVEL, PREFERABLY FOR USE AS AN AVALANCHE WARNING DEVICE |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH558964A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2252071A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2226670A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2733760C3 (en) * | 1977-07-27 | 1981-07-23 | Caspers, Friedhelm, Dipl.-Ing., 4630 Bochum | Method for the non-contact determination of the thickness and relative permittivity of dielectric layers and device for carrying out the method |
DE2815773C3 (en) * | 1978-04-12 | 1981-07-16 | Wilfried Prof. Dr.-Ing. 2100 Hamburg Fritzsche | Warning system for traffic routes on an avalanche-prone mountain slope |
DE3005055A1 (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1982-10-07 | Wilfried Prof. Dr.-Ing. 3000 Hannover Fritzsche | BUILT-IN DEVICE FOR MEASURING SNOW |
DE3026256A1 (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1982-02-04 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | SENSOR FOR RIPENING |
FR2986094B1 (en) * | 2012-01-24 | 2015-03-27 | Apical Technologies | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING A SNOW COAT |
-
1972
- 1972-10-24 DE DE2252071A patent/DE2252071A1/en active Pending
- 1972-10-24 CH CH1547172A patent/CH558964A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1973
- 1973-04-19 FR FR7314888A patent/FR2226670A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2226670A1 (en) | 1974-11-15 |
CH558964A (en) | 1975-02-14 |
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