DE2236694B2 - CORE STORAGE MATRIX WITH HIGH STORAGE DENSITY - Google Patents

Description

WD 1 W ² D ²

~ 'W ^± v W ~ Ί) ^{2 +}

a = arcsin '■ —y- ¹ ' -

-ΐ? τ + 1

is given, where D _{1 is} the inner diameter of the memory cores, W the height of the memory cores and D the inner opening width of the memory cores in the column direction with the inclination by the angle against the row direction.

3. core memory matrix according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the memory cores (14) are inclined at an angle (α) of 50 ° against the row direction and have an outer diameter (D ₀ ) of 0.45 mm.

4. core memory matrix according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Memory cores (14) alternately in a pair of adjacent rows in the same direction below the acute angle (α) against the line direction and in the following pair of "adjacent lines" are inclined in the opposite direction at the acute angle («) against the direction of the line.

55

The invention relates to a core memory matrix with rows and columns at an angle to each other the row direction on a substrate arranged memory cores with row drive lines, which are each inductively coupled to the memory cores of a row, with column control lines, which are each inductively coupled to the memory cores of a column, and to at least one read inhibit line, which runs parallel to the row control lines and with at least part of the Storage cores is inductively coupled in at least one row.

Various core arrangements and wirings are already known for the production of core memories (US-PS 33 60 786; IBM, Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. I, 1960, p. 45; Electronics, 1961, No. 11, p. 325 to 328). These include 3 or more wire arrangements in double bone, checkerboard and double checkerboard core orientation and 2-wire 27 ₂ -D arrangements. In 3-wire systems, one wire is used for the row half-currents, one wire for the column half-currents and a wire for the door for the read inhibit process. If separate wires are used for readout and blocking or "separate wires for the read half-currents and write half-currents on one or both axes, additional wires are sometimes provided. In 2-wire 27 ₂ -D arrangements, one of the half-current lines is used simultaneously for readout and no inhibit line is used Finally, it is also known to thread the reading wire parallel to the lines.

No matter what core assembly or wiring is used, the core centers are more adjacent Cores in row and column directions at least one diameter apart unlearned. The cores are inclined at an angle of 45, bisecting the angle between the Row and column axis. The read lines can consequently be braided diagonally, whereby the partial existing noise signals are compensated, since a mutual cancellation takes place.

A core memory matrix of the type explained in more detail at the beginning is from »IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 10, 1963, p. 91 "known. The figure of this reference shows one that deviates from 45 ° Core situation, but this is a graphic randomness. The remarks on this Figure do not relate to the geometrical core position, but to certain problems of the external one Sound reinforcement, d. H. of the resistors shown in this figure and a differential amplifier, one Generator and a gate. It is also true that it is merely a matter of graphical coincidence can already be recognized by the fact that the row control lines and the read lines are to a certain extent Distance are drawn so that the memory cores in this graphic representation for detection of the crossing point of row control lines, column control lines and read lines assume a position deviating from 45 °, which was technically not wanted at all. This reference it can therefore neither be inferred that the storage cores are in a position deviating from 45 ° the packing density can be increased, nor is this reference made in this reference when the packing density is increased received problems arising.

The packing density of known matrices is limited by the fact that the memory cores at least are spaced from one another by their diameter. This measure resulted from Among other things, from the fact that in core memories temperature uniformity is viewed as a critical problem became. The storage cores were therefore arranged in open planes, with air perpendicular to it these levels was passed through the cores. The wide core distance should be used for temperature stabilization guarantee an effective air flow.

Due to magnetostriction phenomena, i. H. the change in the geometric core dimensions

- ■ en when switching from a stable magnetization state in the others, it was still considered necessary to avoid vibrating contacts, which might have destroyed the cores, to choose a loose and wide arrangement of the cores.

For example, there are studies in the journal "BM Journal, March 1967, pp. 153 to 161" of core memories, the memory cores with an outer diameter of 12.3 mils with '° a center-to-center spacing of 7.5 mils on a bit line and a center-to-center spacing of 15 mils on a word line. Be there Extreme dimensions specified in order to be able to cope with problems with such memories. For example '5 two cores per bit are required to achieve a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio, the cores are mounted close to a conductive base plate, an overall complicated one, through a flow medium cooled arrangement comes about. * o Furthermore, there are two instead of three in this memory Lines used. Instead of a three-dimensional decoding, there is a two-dimensional decoding to use. For these reasons, such a core memory is never of practical importance attained. In particular those discussed in this reference, when coupling from line to line Problems that arose made a larger center distance appear necessary.

Noise problems are also discussed in "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 3, 1961, No. 10, pp. 105 bis 106 "and" IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, September 1970, p. 691 ".

The object of the present invention is to provide a core memory matrix with a high storage density to accomplish.

Starting from the core memory matrix explained in the introduction, this task is carried out in accordance with Invention achieved in that the memory cores counter to the row direction at an acute angle are inclined greater than 45 ° and that the distance between the centers of adjacent memory cores in the rows is smaller than their outer diameter.

The core distances, i.e. H. the distances between the nuclear centers of neighboring nuclei can be in longitudinally about half a core diameter and in the transverse direction about one Core diameter. The cores are at an angle of 50 ° to the longitudinal axis inclined.

F i g. 1 is a plan view of part of a core memory array according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows, in an enlarged representation, a section through part of the core storage mat: according to FIG. 1, from which the preferred orientation angle with the distance between the cores can be seen.

The cores of the core memory array are arranged in a double herringbone pattern, namely below an acute angle, which according to the invention is greater than 45 °, aligned to the line axis and you Distance from each other, d. H. the distance between adjacent core centers is smaller than their core diameter chosen. The core spacing is very small, especially in the line direction. The reading line is guided parallel to the line axis and thus reduced its length to a minimum. This arrangement possesses essential manufacturing and operational engineering Advantages.

The core memory matrix shown in FIG A high storage density has a substrate 12 and magnetic cores attached to it in a matrix-like manner 14. The matrix according to this exemplary embodiment forms a memory level with 16 384 cores, where there are 128 cores in each row and column. the Core memory matrix according to FIG. 1 has a 3-wire arrangement with an X-Ansteuerlehung 16, a Y drive line 18 and a read inhibit line 20 which inductively couples each core. This through Their high storage density is excellent technology in the same way on wiring with z. B. 2 or 4 Each of the wires coupled with each wire can be transmitted.

Cores of any size are suitable. In the present exemplary embodiment, standardized 0.45 mm toroidal cores with an outside diameter of 0.45 mm, an inside diameter of 0.3 mm and a height of approximately 0.1 mm were used. The cores 14 are arranged in the manner of a double herringbone pattern, with two adjacent rows of cores having the same orientation and forming a so-called row pair, while the cores of adjacent row pairs are oriented in opposite directions. The minimum spacing in the Y-axis direction is obtained when the cores are oriented at the maximum angle to be reconciled with the wiring of the Y-control line, which in this exemplary embodiment is 58 °. For noise suppression, the core orientations of each row pair can be reversed at specific intervals and the read inhibit lines running along the rows can be crossed from one row of the row pair to the other row of this pair. The cores on the left-hand side of the row pair X ₀ , X ₁ , in which this crosses the spool lines V ₀ to Y ₆₃ , consequently have the opposite orientation compared to the cores which are arranged in the right-hand part, ie in the part in which the row pair X ₀ , X ₁ crosses the column lines V ₆₄ to Y ₁₂₇ . The number of reversals of core orientations or Lesc inhibit crossings can be increased if desired.

In addition to the X drive lines, there is a read inhibil line 20 through each in parallel with them Core led. This read inhibit line has two symmetrical halves labeled S-I a and S-I b, which are connected to one another via a central tap 22. Each core of each line pair is with coupled to one of the halves of the read inhibit line 20, with corresponding cores respectively are inductively coupled to the other half. Hence, each core of the matrix is with one of the halves inductively coupled to the read line. The symmetrical arrangement of the read inhibit line halves leads together with the periodic reversal of the core orientations and with the crossings of the Leselnhibit line to a noise suppression when reading out the stored information.

The center tap 22 is with an inhibit line 24 connected, which in turn are coupled via a switch 26 to a driver (not shown) is. When reading out, the read inhibit line 20 acts as a symmetrical, balanced read line open switch 26. During writing, the read inhibit line acts as two parallel inhibit lines with switch closed 26.

It is readily apparent that others

Wiring patterns, spacing, and mutual core orientations can be used. For example can have identically oriented groups of 4 rows instead of 2 rows and different sizes of Have control and read lines. The use of weaker y-control lines enables a slightly larger orientation angle, which reduces the thread cross-section, however a closer core spacing along the X-axis is obtained.

• Some important factors that affect the distance the cores are shown in Fig. 2, the plurality of cores 14 shows that in the area of overlap of the Ansteuerleitungspaares X _0, X ₁ with the Y-select lines Y _62, Y ₆₃ and Y ₆₄ are arranged. It can be seen from this that the two control lines and the read inhibit line cross in the area of a core 14 and that the Y control line is routed between the X control line and the read inhibit line. This requires an optimal "core opening cross-section" for the Y control line that is routed through the cores of a column.

According to FIG. 1, the distances A between the core centers of adjacent 0.45 mm cores of the same orientation, which are located in the columns, are approximately 0.42 mm. Between core rows with opposite orientation, the Y distance B between adjacent cores is approximately 0.46 mm. The X distance between the core centers is C = 0.254 mm between cores of the same orientation and 0.46 mm between the cores of the control lines Y ₆₃ and Y ₆₄ . In the exemplary embodiment, the X and Y lines have a diameter of 0.07 mm and the read inhibit line has a diameter of 0.074 mm.

In the case of 0.45 mm cores, when determining the core spacing, care must be taken to ensure that a clear width of about 0.046 mm is maintained between the cores and between the cores and wires. Otherwise there is a risk that vibration forces will strike the cores or otherwise damage them. In particular, the distances 32 between the outer diameters of adjacent cores and the distances 34 between a core and an adjacent Y drive line are critical. As a result of the narrow core spacing, the magnetic cores cause a tunnel or shielding effect, which largely reduces the magnetic coupling between wires in adjacent rows. If you imagine z. If, for example, vertical paths connect the control line X ₁ to part of the read inhibit line in the X ₀ line, then these paths essentially only include the "core openings" through which the Y control lines lead. This shield reduces the inductive coupling between the rows by a factor of 10 or more.

The conditions for the orientation of a core are shown on the basis of the core, which is shown in FIG. 2 is located at the intersection between the control lines X ₀ and Y ₆₄ . This core is inclined at an angle λ to the X-axis and has _{a core opening 40 of a width D to lead through the control line Y 64} , namely viewed in the vertical direction to the X-axis. The core has an outer diameter D ₀ , an inner diameter D ₁ and a height W.

From the standpoint of increasing core density along the X-axis and decreasing length of the read inhibit line, it is desirable to orient the cores as vertically as possible. This is illustrated by the distance 34, which increases when the core is _{rotated a little more in the vertical direction around the intersection of the control lines X 1} and Y ₆₂ in a clockwise direction, as a result of which a smaller distance is possible. However, manufacturing considerations require that the Y control line and the needle used for threading it can be passed through the core openings without bending.

ίο If there is no straight threading path through the cores of a column, the needle will be damaged when the cores are threaded. There is a sufficient inside width when the width D of the core opening 40 is approximately twice as large as the diameter of the Y control line Y ₆₄ .

If, in the illustration according to FIG. 2, the inner surface line 42 directed towards the lower edge of the core opening 40 of the core 14 is extended to the right-hand edge of the opening 40, a right-angled triangle with the vertices 44, 45, 46 is obtained Vertex 45 90 \ in vertex 44 Θ = 90 ° - α and in vertex 46 u.
It follows from the following relationships

COtg <i =

COSd

sin (i

sin

D,

W sin α + D
cos u =

<ΐ = arcsin

W ² D ²

+ 1

If the values chosen for the example according to FIG. 1 for W = 0.1 mm are used in these formulas. D, = 0.29 mm and u = 50 °, one obtains for D = 0.109 mm. This value is slightly smaller than twice the value for 0.07 mm of the required diameter of the control line Y ₆₄ . In contrast to this, the 45 ° core orientation of the known arrangements leads to unnecessarily large windows (core

opening viewed in the transverse direction) and far less dense core spacing.

In addition to the advantages of increased bit density and reduced risk of needle damage, this core storage matrix has significant electrical advantages. The capacitive coupling between the parallel Read inhibit and X control lines are through the the following formula determines:

CAP =

π el

cosh

whereby

CAP = capacity,
E = relative dielectric constant between

the two lines,

/ = Length of the parallel line, measured ii meters.

(I = distance between the two lines.

measured in meters,
a - the diameter of the pipes, measured in meters.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the length of the read line is approximated by the following relationship certainly:

2 (A

(5)

whereby

A = B =
C =

Number of cores in a row,
Number of cores in a column.
Distance between core centers of equally oriented lines,

Distance between core centers of oppositely oriented lines,
Column-core distance (between core centers).

Since C (N. - 1) is generally considerably larger than (A 4- ß), the first part of equation (5) predominates. The length of the read line is therefore approximately proportional to C, the column spacing between the cores. For this reason, the length of the read line is known compared to read lines.

ter matrices with double herringbone pattern reduced by almost half. Compared to the known Arrangements with a diagonally directed read line are still shortening the read line length greater. The Lesc line length of these arrangements is additionally increased by a factor of ½ because they connects diagonal rather than adjacent cores. This leads to a shortening of the read line length about 2 I 2 compared to diagonal read lines. It is therefore apparent from equation (4) that in the arrangement according to the invention, the capacitive Coupling is reduced by almost 2 to 2 I 2 times compared to known arrangements.

The signal delay time T is proportional to IL (CzIP) /, where L is the line inductance measured in H / m (Henry / Meter) and

corresponds to, and «equal to the permeability of the dielectric Medium is. In the case of a matrix according to FIG. 1 can be compared to a matrix with simple double herringbone pattern, but with cores whose core centers are each at a distance of one Core diameters are arranged from each other, the capacitance by a factor of 2.75, the inductance by can be reduced by a factor of 1.46 and the signal delay time by a factor of 2.0.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (2)

Patent claims: 1. Core memory matrix with storage cores arranged in rows and columns at an angle against the row direction on a substrate with row control lines which are each inductively coupled to the memory cores of a row, with column control lines which are each inductive with the memory cores of a column ι ο are coupled, and with at least one read inhibit line, which runs parallel to the row control lines and is inductively coupled to at least some of the memory cores in at least one row, characterized in that the memory cores (14) against the row direction below are inclined at an acute angle (α) greater than 45 ° and that the distance (C) of the centers (30) of adjacent memory cores (14) in the lines is smaller than their *> outer diameter (D ₀ ). 2. Core memory according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination (α) of the memory cores (14) against the row direction at a diameter D / 2 of the column drive lines (Y ₀ ; Y ₁ , Y ₂ ... ) By the relationship