DE2231576A1 - AC GENERATOR - Google Patents

Description

Attachment to
Patent and
Utility model registration

ROBi ¹ JlT BOSCH GkBH, 7 Stuttgart

Alternator

The invention "relates to a pet electricity generator
according to the genre of the main claim. Alternators for "supplying a battery charger and other consumers in motor vehicles are operated in a very wide speed range. However, their output voltage should always be constant. As can be seen from the known generator characteristic, the achievable output current of a generator increases with a constant output voltage in the form of a horizontal parabola, it initially increases strongly with increasing speed. In the higher speed range, however, the achievable output current increases only slightly

309883/0209

Robert Bosch GmbH ~, 3 i »6.

Stuttgart _ ^Λ · f

576

Output current is therefore limited. If you increase the number of turns. For each phase of the stator winding in a generator, the output current already sets in one. A lower rotor speed, but only smaller output currents in the upper speed range can be achieved. One is therefore forced to make a compromise to the effect that a generator can deliver a sufficient output current even in the lower speed range, but also has the highest possible output current in the upper speed range. Experience has shown that generators who meet the geste.1! Ton power demands in the lower speed range, in the upper Drehzablbereich under "don already in the lower speed range reached operating temperatures to work. This is an indication that these generators are not fully exploited in the upper speed range are.

Arrangements are already known in which the stator winding depending on the rotor speed of a delta connection switched to a star connection v.'ird. There are also orders become known in which the individual windings of the stator switched from a star connection to a series connection will. These arrangements require a relatively high expenditure on switching means. In addition, when switching high occur Voltage peaks. The voltage peaks reach values that a multiple of the generator's characteristic voltage. Through this The known consequences such as shorted turns and shorted to ground can occur, and when switching over again, the rectifier diodes can even occur be destroyed.

The invention is concerned with possibilities, the performance and the efficiency of alternators in the upper speed range by changing the number of turns per phase during operation to improve, and has the characterizing features of the main claim.

The measures listed in the subclaims are advantageous Further developments and improvements of the generator specified in the main claim are possible.

309883/0209 _ ₃ _

BATH ORIGINAL

- 3—
Robert Boscli GmbH. R, ⁵ * ^

Stuttgart June 8, 1972 Chr / Lü

The invention enables a better energy supply of motor vehicles, the generator has a higher efficiency than the generators customary up to now. According to the invention Generators are also used to supply consumers, in particular with constant direct current consumption, outside the motor vehicle or in connection with a separate drive machine, for example for Purposes of camping, for electrical tools or for emergency power supply systems, suitable. The generator assemblies are inexpensive to manufacture, mainly because a A wider range of tolerances can be permitted in production and because several parts are used in a rough machined state can be. This also applies when using switches without mechanical contacts, such as controllable rectifiers or Transducers. All exemplary embodiments

of the generator according to the invention is.t in common that with the same Output power a smaller volume and a smaller weight than required for the generators that have been customary up to now is. This results in better installation options, especially in motor vehicles.

Several embodiments of the generator according to the invention are shown in the drawing and described in the accompanying text.

A first exemplary embodiment of a generator according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1, namely a single-phase generator in FIG. 1a and a three-phase generator in FIG. 1b. The same switching elements are provided with the same reference symbols throughout the drawing. The generators according to FIG. 1 have plus diodes 1 'and 1 ^{! I} and minus diodes 2 ¹ and 2 ″ in a known manner. Furthermore, exciter diodes 3 'and 3 ^{ft are} provided.

309883/0209 ORIGINAL BATHROOM.

.- 4 Robert Bosch GmbH R. * ^{4 6}

Stuttgart 'June 8, 1972 Chr / Lü

The generator contains a phase winding arrangement 4 and an exciter winding 5. The exciter winding 5 is connected to the exciter diodes 3 ', 3 ^Jt via a voltage regulator 6. An ignition switch 7 is closed during operation of the motor vehicle in which the generator according to the invention is installed; a charge control lamp 8 indicates the proper puncture of the generator arrangement. The consumers 9 of the motor vehicle can be connected to the generator arrangement with the aid of a load switch 12; Usually, a battery 10 is also provided in the motor vehicle.

In the Einpb.asengen.erator according to Figure 1a, one end of the single winding of the phase winding arrangement 4 to the connection line between the cathode of the negative diode 2 'and the anode of the positive diode 1''and to the anode of the exciter diode 3 ^t! connected. The phase winding 4 is provided with a tap 11 which is connected to the connection line between the cathode of a further negative diode 2 and the anode of a further positive diode 1 and to the anode of a further exciter diode 3. The other end of the phase winding 4 leads to a switching device 13. The switching device 13 has a mechanical switch with a switching bridge and a first and second switching contact. The first switching contact is on the connection line between the cathode of the negative diode 2 'and the anode of the positive diode 1' and on the anode of the exciter diode 3 '. The second switching contact is at the other end of the phase winding 4.

In the embodiment of Figure 1b is - in contrast to Figure 1a - a three-phase generator is shown; the circuit arrangement differs essentially only in that the use of three-phase bridge rectifiers for the supply of consumers 9 and the battery 10 as well as for feeding

309883/0209

Robert Bosch GmbH _{τ t} , λ ^ / ,,

Stuttgart ^K M6 ^Chr / Wu

of the excitation winding 5 · The switching device 13 rs4; ^ provided with three switching bridges according to the purpose of use, which can be switched at the same time. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1b, the three windings of the phase winding arrangement M are star-connected.

In the lower speed range, the switch or switches of the switching device 13 are closed. The diodes 1 ¹ , 2 ', 1 ", .2" and 3 ¹ : 3 "can be live. If the switching bridge of the switching device 13 is lifted from the switching contacts, then only that part of the phase winding ^J l is effective that between one end and the tap 11. The diodes 1, 2, 1 ", 2" and 3, 3 "can then be live.

As long as the gate or gate of the switching device 13 is closed are, the diodes 1, 2, 3 are not energized. However, these diodes 1, 2, 3 are already connected to the taps 11 and are ready to take over power. The moment the or the switch of the switching device 13 can be opened, can. the diodes 1, 2, 3 take over the current immediately. This becomes the The dangerous disadvantage of the known devices avoided that • high voltage peaks occur when switching.

The exemplary embodiments in FIG. 2 differ from the exemplary embodiments in FIG. 1 in that the switching device 13 has a third switching contact which is connected to the tap 11. In the higher speed range, the switching bridge lifts off the second switching contact and connects the first switching contact with the third switching contact. In the higher speed range, the diodes 1 ¹ , 2 ', 3' are connected in parallel to the diodes 1, 2, 3.

In the exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 3, there are economy circuits shown. The economy circuit. according to Figure 3 differs from the circuit according to Figure 2 in that the exciter diodes 3 saved, so are omitted.

In Figure 3c is another example of a three-phase generator shown in star connection. This embodiment un-

309883/0209

ORIGINAL BATHROOM, 6 -

R. 9 A 6th 972 Chr / Lü 8th. June 1 2 231576

Robert Bosch GMBH
Stuttgart

differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2b in that the third switching contacts of the switching devices 13 are conductively connected to one another and to the star point of the phase winding arrangement 4. In the upper speed range, in which the switching bridge connects the first switching contacts with the third switching contacts, the diodes 1 ¹ , 2 ^f , 3 ^{1 are} each connected to the star point. This arrangement has the advantage that in the higher speed range the diodes 1 ', 2' 3 'are used to reduce the influence of the harmonics, in particular the third harmonic. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIG Halves Xp-Up and X ₁ -U. for a single-phase generator and divided into two halves each, Xp-Up and X ₁ -U ,,, X ₉ -Vp and XiV .. as well as Zp-Wr, and Z, - \ L for a three-phase generator. In order to achieve the same electrical and thermal values of these winding halves, the winding is preferably designed as a two-wire winding. The phase winding 4 is therefore interrupted at the tap 11. The winding connections Up, Vp, Wp are connected to the second switching contacts μη & the winding connections X., Y., Z. are connected to the first switching contacts under the switching bridge of the switching device 13. The third switching contact of the switching device 13 is in a single-phase generator according to FIG one winding end Xp of the phase winding arrangement 4 is connected, the third switching contacts in a three-phase generator are conductively connected to one another and can - but need not - also be connected to the star point of the phase winding arrangement 4.

In the lower speed range, the phase windings are in series switched so that the full winding of the winding assembly is effective; this is the case with the single-phase generator according to FIG. 4a

309883/0209

- 7 -
Robert Bosch GmbH R. S 4 6

Stuttgart June 8, 1972 Ohr / Lü

Winding Xp-U ₁ and in the case of the three-phase generator according to FIG. 4b, the weighting Xg-U ₁ » ^Y 2 ~ ^V 1 ^{and Z} ?"" ^W 1 * ^{In the πη} ^ ^ΘΓΘη speed range, the winding then works with the diodes 1 ', 2 ^! ; i ", 2 ^tf ; 3», 3 ¹¹ (Figure 4a) or 'with the diodes 1', 2 ', 3' (Figure 4b) together. In the higher speed range, when the respective switching bridge connects the first to the third switching contact connects', ^^^ the winding halves of the phase winding arrangement 4 in parallel operation. The following winding parts work together with the following diodes: Winding TJ ₁ -X ₁ with diodes. 1 ^f , 2 ', 1 ", 2", 3', 3 ^>f; Winding U ₂ "" ^X 2 ^{with modes 1} » ² > ¹ " » ² "> 5 ^I! , 3; in a three-phase generator winding U ₁ V ₁ W ₁ with diodes 1 ', 2', 3 'and Up Vp Wp with diodes 1, 2, 3. The switching contacts of the switching device 13 v / earth only used by half the current.

In Figure 6 solutions are given, the mechanical switch the switching device 13 to be replaced by an electronic switch. In the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 5 the switching device 13 can be replaced by a switching device 14 which contains thyristors as switching elements.

Figure 7 shows how instead of the mechanical switch of the switching device 13 in a further switching device 15 transducers are usable.

3098 8 3/0209

Claims (16)

- 8 Robert Bosch GmbH F (£ /. G Stuttgart June 8, 1972 Chr / Lti Expectations (1 Λ AC generator, in particular three-phase generator for motor vehicles, with a phase winding arrangement, preferably in the stator, one end of which is connected to the rectifier arrangement or - in the case of a three-phase generator in star connection - to a star point, with one of the positive diodes connected downstream of the phase winding arrangement, possibly negative diodes and possibly Rectifier arrangement containing excitation diodes and with a device for exciting the phase winding arrangement in the rotor, characterized in that the phase winding (4) is provided with a tap (11) that the tap (11) is connected to the anode connection of the associated positive diode (1) that at least one further plus diode (1 ') and possibly at least one further minus diode (2 ^r ) is provided and that the switching device (13, 14, 15) with the phase winding arrangement (4) and with the rectifier arrangement (1, 2, 5) is in operative connection and is dependent on possibility of external parameters, preferably of the speed of the rotor or of the temperature of the phase winding arrangement or of the stator or of the generator current or of several of these parameters at the same time, is switchable. 309883/0209 - 9 -
Robert Bosch GmbH II. 9 * 5 Stuttgart. June 8, 1972 Chr / Lü 2. AC generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching bridge of the switching device (13, 14, 15) has a first and a second switching contact and that the first switching contact to the anode terminal of the further positive diode (1 ^f ) and the second switching contact to the other end of the phase winding (4) is connected (Figure 1). 3 »alternator according to claim 2 with an excitation winding, a voltage regulator and excitation diodes, characterized in that a further excitation diode (3 ') provided for each winding of the phase winding arrangement (4) is and that the exciter winding (5) facing away from the electrode of the further exciter diode (3 ') to the first Switching contact of the switching device (13, 14, 15) connected sen is (Figure 1). 4. AC generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the switching device (13, 14, 15) has a third Has switching contact which is connected to the tap (11) of the phase winding (4), and that in the one • S tain position of the first with the second switch cycle and in the other switch position the first with the "third" Switching contact is conductively connected (Figure 2). -1ο- 309883/0209 - 1ο - Robert Bosch GmbH "R. ^{S 4 6} Stuttgart - '. June 8, 1972 Chr / Lü 5. AC generator according to claim 4, characterized in that the Funkfcion at least part of the existing exciter diodes (3) is replaced by the function of the further exciter diodes (3 ') (Figure 3a, b). 6. AC generator according to claim 4 in a star connection, characterized in that to reduce the effects the third harmonic in the phase winding arrangement (4) generated phase voltage or a multiple thereof the third switching contact of the switching device (13, 14, 15) with the neutral point of the phase winding arrangement (4) is conductively connected (Figure 3c). 7 # AC generator according to claim 1, characterized in that each winding of the phase winding arrangement (4) is interrupted at the tap (11), that the two parts of the winding interrupted in this way are connected via the first and second switching contacts of the switching device (13, 14, 15 ) can be connected with the aid of the switching bridge, and that the other end of the phase winding (4) is connected to the anode connection of the further positive diode (1 ^f ) (FIG. 4). 8. AC generator according to claim 7 with an 'excitation winding, a voltage regulator and excitation diodes, characterized in that a further excitation diode (3 ^f ) is provided for each winding of the phase winding arrangement (4) - 11 309883/0209 Robert Bosch- GmbH H-. ^ ° Stuttgart 'June 8, 1972 Chr / Lü and that the electrode of the further excitation diode (3 ¹ ) applied to the excitation winding (5) is connected to the other end of the phase winding (4) (FIG. 4). 9. AC generator according to claim 7 or 8 in single-phase circuit, characterized in that the switching device (13, 14, 15) has a third switching contact, which is connected to one end of the winding of the phase winding arrangement (4), and that in the one Switch position the first with the second switch contact and in the other switch position the first with the third switching contact is conductively connected (Figure 4a). 10. AC generator according to claim 7 or 8 in three-phase star connection, characterized in that the switching device (13, 14, 15) has third switching contacts and that the third switching contacts are conductively connected to one another (FIG. 4b). 11. AC generator according to claim 10, characterized in that that the third switching contacts of the switching device (13, 14, 15) also with the star point the phase winding arrangement (4) are connected (Figure 4b). - 12 309883/0209 Robert Bosch GmbH R. "^ 9 * ⁶ Stuttgart. June 8, 1972 Chr / Lü 12. AC generator according to at least one of the claims 7 to 11, characterized by the fact that the two parts of the winding of the phase winding arrangement (4) -the have the same mechanical and electrical V / er te, in particular that they are as parallel wires or wands are inserted into the same rage. .15. Alternator according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized by the use "~ in a generator with a half-wave rectifier system (Figure 14. Alternator according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a mechanical switching device (13) is provided as the switching device is (Figures 1 to 5). 15. AC generator according to at least one of claims 1 to 1 ^, characterized in that as a switching device a switching device is provided which contains controllable rectifiers (14) as switching elements (Figure 6). 16. AC generator according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that - that as a switching device a switching device is provided which contains transducers (15) as switching elements (FIG. 7). 309883/0209 Blank page