DE2231083A1 - DEVICE FOR GENERATING THE SOUNDS OF A SOUND CONDUCTOR - Google Patents

Description

Va / FF

Diploma in Iog. P.-J. COPPER MAN

Paler.fanwalt

Applicant: κ. V. Philips' GloelIampenfabnekeD

File No. PHH- 5714 Registration * «■» 2?. June '197 2

"Apparatus for generating tones of a scale ^11th .

The invention relates s.ich to a device for

Generating tones of a preferably well-tempered scale, which consists of a frequency converter, one input of which is connected to the input of a divider chain, to which the signal of a generator can be fed, while outputs of certain dividers are connected to inputs of a gate circuit, the output of which is connected to a Output of the frequency converter is connected, whereby a lower tone out of the octave is obtained at this output. ^v |, / I ₁ C ,, \ <3οϊ VTk

Such a device is known from Dutch publication 6802134. The outputs (Jer 7Λ1ΤΛ structure of the required tones required divider are connected to the inputs of a number of gate circuits corresponding to the number of tones available. Pulse series then occur at the outputs in which the

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Pulses are irregularly distributed, which makes a very unpleasant sound Although the pitch is correct, it leads to this disadvantage avoid, a relatively high generator frequency is assumed and the signals at the outputs of the gate circuits are each fed to a chain of light dividers, after each subsequent division into two the distribution of the impulses becomes more regular and the output signal of the divider chain, whose pitch is the highest in the musical instrument corresponds to the desired tone, sounds good.

The term "frequency" is intended here to express the pulse · -

refer to the frequency of retrieval, again as the number of pulses per second can be understood. Cs will no longer follow an exactly regular Series of impulses thought. Whether this series of impulses is subjectively perceived as an acceptable tone depends on the hatred in which the pulse spacing varies.

According to the invention, there is an octave for each tone

such frequency converter provided, the outputs of those Dividers are connected to inputs of the taring circuits, which generate a tone at the output of this gate circuit, which is the closest lower Having the frequency of the tone at the input of the divider chain, all frequency converters being connected in series.

The advantages achieved with the invention are in particular that the frequency converters can be designed as separate units, which is cheaper because larger series can be produced and only a single type can be kept in stock. Such compliance can be an integrated circuit, for example. If, according to one embodiment of the invention, the output signal is a semitone of the well-tempered scale lower than the input signal, these units are all equal to one another,

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Although the dividers of a divider chain "of every kind

can consist of dividers, e.g., tens, it is particularly advantageous to to use a chain of two pieces.

For example, a frequency converter can be made with a chain of two-parters to which an input signal is fed, rich two-parters each having an input and at least one output, with a first output of a two-part being connected to the input of a subsequent two-part at the outputs of the .'vueiteiler pulse series with a pulse width of approximately 50 '- appear, which chain consists of groups of successive two-parters, of which the output pulse series corresponding to the pulse series form a! rope of the Jupulse series at the output of the frequency converter, and groups of Two-parters of which the output pulse series do not form a part, which groups each consist of at least one! :: Two-parter, whereby according to the invention the input of the frequency converter on the one hand with the input of the first group of two-parters and on the other hand with a first input a first of a series of inverting gates circuits is connected, of which an input is connected to the output of a subsequent gate, where the output of the first gate circuit the desired output signal occurs, while an output of the groups of two-part is connected to an input of the following gate circuit, where »if the last Group consists of only one two-parter, the output pulse series of which corresponds to a series of pulses present in the desired pulse series, the outputs of the last two groups are connected to the inputs of the last gate circuit, while the signals at the input of the divider chain and at the first input of the first gate circuit are inverted in relation to each other.

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This has the advantage that the signal connections

between the two-piece suits and between the two-piece suits and the gates as well as between the gates without crossing with each other are, whereby the integration of the circuit is made much easier.

There is an additional advantage with one

another embodiment of a frequency converter according to the invention, in which an Anza.hl additional outputs are provided, which are each connected to an output of those two-parters that may be after Extension of the chain of divider to deliver musically usable octave tones, because in this case a part of the existing two-parter at the same time is used to provide usable tones of the musical instrument.

It goes without saying that gates also include the

Circuits are to be understood that for some reason, e.g. because of a certain way of integration, in two or more separate gate circuits are split, with inverters optionally interposed are.

The invention is shown below with reference to the drawing for example explained in more detail. Show it

1 shows a known circuit arrangement,

Fig. 2 shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention for a 12-note scale,

Figures 5 and 4 two frequency converters according to the invention for the hit tone mood,

5 shows a frequency converter according to the invention for a well-tempered 12-note scale,

Fig. 6 the same frequency converter with split Gate circuit ,,

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Pig, 7 an integrated circuit for the frequency converter according to FIG. 5 according to the "injection feed" method,

8 shows an integrated circuit for a frequency converter according to Fig. 5 i "of the" Hiniwatt "technique,

Figures 9 ναιά 10 the pulse series tones at the inputs and outputs of the gate circuits G ₇ and Gg according to Fig. 5 »

In Fig. 1, the signal of a generator G becomes a

Chain of two-piece suits D. - D ₁₁ supplied. The outputs of this two-parter are connected to the inputs of those gate circuits A ₁ - A ₁₁ , 'at whose outputs the desired tones occur. The outputs of the gate circuits A. - A ₁₁ are each connected to a series of two-parters C.-Cq ... BI-Bq, which are used to equalize the pulse intervals, with the exception of the pulse intervals of tone C, whose pulse series are already regular. The output signals of these chains of two-parters are then fed to a following chain of two-parters C ₁₀ -C ₁ C ... B ₁₀ -B ₁ J. The desired tones of the musical instrument are taken from the outputs of the latter divider chains. It is clear that, as a result of the many _{intersections occurring in the connections between the first chain of two-parters D 1} - D ₁₁ and the gate circuits A ₁ - A ₁₁ , difficulties arise during manufacture because intersections in both a printed wiring and a integrated circuit are expensive.

In Fig. 2, a circuit arrangement according to the invention is shown in which the signal of a generator G is an input a first frequency converter G is supplied * from a divider chain and at least one gate circuit, outputs of those Tuller required to build a desired tone aind ,. nit jJinyrings of the gate circuit whose output

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is connected to an output of the frequency converter, at this Output a tone is obtained, which in the scale has the closest lower frequency of the tone at the input of the frequency converter. The output of this first frequency converter C is with the input of a second frequency converter ß connected, which is also provided with a divider chain and (a) gate (s) «The output of this Another response converter B is again with the input of a third Frequency converter BuS connected, etc. For a 12-note scale, 12 frequency converters are provided, all of which are connected in series.

! • Yes it is possible to use this frequency converter for all intervals to carry out different moods, such as the purity of the mood, the mid-tone tone and well-tempered mood. The latter can be a Well-tempered tuning for a 31-note scale with a small interval equal to V 2 and naturally also a 12-note scale

12th

with a smallest interval equal to \ / 2.

Figures 3 and 4 show the circuit diagrams for frequency converters for a scale according to the middle tone graduation, in which the intervals between two successive tones have the following ratio, the numbers in the decimal system in the left column and the numbers in the binary system in the right column .

Decimal binary (15 bits)

- = 0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001

5 0.957 023 0.111 101 010 000 000

0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001

-5. T—

~ = 0.957 023 0.111 101 010 000 000

£ - = 0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001 as

= 0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001

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- = 0.957 023 0.111 101 010 000 000

f = 0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001

- = 0.957 023 0.111 101 010 000 000

- = 0.934 593. 0.111 011 110 100 001

f ³ ^ = 0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001

~ - = 0.957 023 0.111 101 010 000 000

If the G sharp is chosen instead of the A flat, the intervals become!

£ & = 0.934 593 0.111 011 110 100 001

= 0.957 023 0.111 101 010 000 000

As can be seen from this table, they are limited

the intervals in this mood in two ways, namely the interval 0.111 011 110 100 · 001 and the interval 0.111 101 010 000 000 in the binary system, so that to generate the barrel according to the middle tone timing only two types of frequency converters are required.

In Fig. 3 it is indicated how the first type can be constructed. The signal from a generator is fed to the input Ξ of the frequency converter, which consists of a chain of two-parters d .. - d. _fl , which divider in this case are each provided with an input and first and second outputs, with a first output of a time divider d ₁ -d. occur at the outputs of the pulse series with a pulse width of approximately 50 / S. The chain consists of groups of consecutive two-parters, d., Dp, d,; d, -, dg, d ₇ , d ₈ ; d, ₀ , or d.-, of which the pulse series corresponding to the output pulse series (the interest) form part of the pulse series at the output of the frequency converter, as well as from groups d .; d _q or d ...., d. _? , d. ,, d,., of which the pulse series corresponding to the output pulse series do not form part of the desired pulse series at the output of the frequency

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converter (the zeros). This signal is on the one hand the input of the first group of two-parters d. - d, fed via an inverter stage I and on the other hand to a first input of a first inversing gate circuit G. The first outputs of the chain of two-parters d. - ^ ₁₇ are all connected to the inputs of a following two-parter d "- d _1R " The second outputs of the first group of two-parters d. - d-, are each connected to an input of a second inverting gate circuit G ", the output of which leads to a second input of the first inverting gate circuit G ₁ . The second output of the second group of two-parters, which in this case consists of a single two-parter d

Is connected to the input of a third inverting gate circuit G, the output of which leads to a fourth input of the second inverting gate circuit G ". The second outputs of the following group of two-parters d, - - d _R are again connected to the inputs of a fourth inverting gate circuit G. whose output leads to a second input of the third inverting gate circuit G. The second output of the following group consisting of a single two-part circuit is connected to a first input of a fifth inverting gate circuit Ge, the output of which leads to a fifth input of the fourth inverting gate circuit G. The second output of the following group consisting of a single time divider is connected to a first input of a sixth inverting gate circuit G - / -, the output of which leads to a second input of the fifth inverting gate circuit G -. The second outputs of the last two groups of two-parters, which in these 7 all consist of the two-parters d ₁₁ - d ₁ . or d. [./ exist, each lead to the inputs of a seventh inverting gate circuit G ₇ , the output of which is connected to the second input of the sixth inverting gate circuit Gr. At the

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Output of the first gate circuit G. now occurs a tone, the 0.934 times the frequency of the input signal, or in the binary system if the input frequency is chosen equal to 1,000,000,000,000,000, the same 0.111 011 110 100 001 is.

4 shows a frequency converter, the output signal of which is equal to 0.957 023, which in the binary system is equal to 0.111 101 010 000 000 if the input frequency is selected again to be equal to 1,000,000,000,000,000. In a manner corresponding to that in FIG. 3, in this case the outputs of those two-parters d. - d .; dg; or d_, which form groups whose output pulse series correspond to the pulse series present in the signal at the output of the frequency converter, and the outputs of those two-divisors d, - and d “, which form groups whose output pulse series do not exist in the signal at the output of the frequency converter Pulse series correspond, each connected to inputs of an inverting gate circuit G. - G ₁ -, of multiple circuits each having an output to the input of a preceding inverting gate circuit G ₁ - G. leads. Since the last seven zeros no longer contribute to the pulse series at the output of the gate circuit G ₁ , the second inputs of the two- _{parter d q} - d., _ Are no longer connected. If the last group of two-parters, the pulse series of which correspond to the pulse series present in the desired signal, would be greater than 1, only these outputs are lived together at an inverting gate circuit. At the exits of the two-parter d "- d. _Q now step

σ Ι ti

muüikal usable frequencies that are different by an octave in pitch. The Tjueiteiler d. - cl _q are used in this Scha.l-

^ me der., Jrfindung at the same time alu die .-! galisierun ;; 3-teilor- (J. - C "... B. - B _f according to Fig. 1, while the divisors d" - d. ", ■ * ] υ Lch '/. ii i ti, / al ;; the "ktavteiler ^ _1n -C ₁₁ - serve, although the

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Output frequencies of the last divider are usually not audible, however Wiese can be used to create a vibrato, tremaIo or for control e.g. of an electronic "Leslie" -3cha.ltung is used v / earth, so that from one set of generators, that from the main generator G and twelve frequency converters, all in one electronic liusLkinstrunent usable frequencies can be. Of course, it is also possible to set the generator frequency to be chosen so high that the frequency at the output of the divider d.Q of the last frequency converter is the lowest desired frequency is in musical instruction. Naturally, the frequency of the generator can also be G can be chosen in such a way that it corresponds to the frequency of another Ok-.a.ventones than the C corresponds. If necessary, the generator G can be designed in stages or continuously ver; itimnb & r.

In FIG. 5 it is indicated how a frequency converter can be constructed for the intervals of a well-tempered 12-note scale. If again a frequency of 1,000,000,000,000 in the binary system (1,000,000 in the decimal system) is assumed, the interval is almost equal to 0.111 100 011 101 when using the outputs of the first eleven "more d .. - d .., almost the same 0.111 100 011 010 001 when using the outputs of the first fifteen!, Further d ₁ - d _{1 (} -, or almost equal to 0.111 100 011 010 000 111 when using the outputs of all eighteen two-parts. 'D .. - d. _Fl , If eleven two-divisors are used and if the C is assumed, u; t the frequency deviation at the output of the last Frequemiwaruller Dk ¹ J equals about 330 x 10 ". With fifteen two- divisors, this error is reduced to λ_ / [β χ 10 ~, while this error; .1. t eighteen distributors is only ._ + 1.3 χ 10 ". The! 'ruquerizabv / eichung in dor'

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over low. Fan stricter criterion .is the deviation of the fifths, because "if it is assumed that the FG Ouinte which interval in the c hai tunk ^ffi i" is t eleven dividers 1.49860, down a jump in this. Value occurs that begins at the interval CG-, which interval r.i with eleven divisors is equal to 1 »49010. In the circuit with fifteen divisors, these values have already become 1, / 19827 and 1.49834, so that "Si; the difference can no longer be extended. For this reason, too, an additional gate circuit with its connections must be attached with the divisors d, £ - d "no longer necessary, for the connection with eleven two-part divisions d. - d .. five gate settings G. - Gp. are required, for those with fifteen divisors d. - d ₁ - G "and for the eighteen divisors d. - d _1fl eight gate circuits G ₁ - G _ß . In the figure it is indicated how the connections are arranged in these three cases, the use of fifteen dividers the additional connections in dashed lines and "when using eighteen divisors are shown in dash-dotted lines,

Fig. ". * Shows how the circuit of Fig. 5 can be constructed in a different way, the various gate circuits being composed of two gates with a separate reversing stage. Although for certain purposes it might be desirable to choose such a construction , the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 5 can be used for integrated circuits, in which there are no crossings in the Ji; T.alverbiiidungen between the "-distributors d ₁ - d. ₁ , d., - or d. «Among each other, between these dividers and the gate circuits G ₁ - G ₁ -, C ₇ or, G ₀ and between these torso positions among each other, so that a particularly favorable method of integration with increased yield - are canoe, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, in which one integrated for two different integration techniques

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Circuit according to the invention is shown.

In Fig. 7 it is indicated how a frequency converter according to the invention can be constructed as an integrated circuit, wherein
this circuit is made by the "injection feed" method (tiiohe 1 Dutch patent application 7107040). In this
Trap, the circuit is η -doped on an η-conductive i'tark
Substrate made of silicon, on which a lightly doped η-conductive layer is epitaxially applied, which forms the emitter common to all npn transistors in the circuit. The base electrodes for the various transistors are attached to this n-conductive layer by means of a p-type fusion, after which the collectors are established in these p-type areas by a subsequent η diffusion
are formed. The above-mentioned pl) iffusion simultaneously forms the injecting layer which, together with the n-conducting layer located between this injecting layer and the p-conducting regions, supplies the transistors with power. On the insulating layer of silicon oxide obtained during the diffusions, a
Pattern of conductor tracks «attached, which connect the various areas with each other in the desired manner. The different two-parters
are denoted in the figure with d ₁ - d._. This two-piece can be formed in any known manner (see for example the aforementioned Dutch Offenlegungsschirft 6802134 »Figures 6 and 7) · -beta ^s" is obvious that the signal here depending on the desired ^ orm 'of
Signal can be taken from the point at which this signal occurs, e.g. for a pulse with a width of 50 ^c / o points C or D.

The positive supply voltage is the two-parters

d. - d. _R supplied by conductor tracks 2 via the cough. The two-parters are connected to one another via conductor tracks 3. The gates

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Cr. - (J ₇ are made up of transistors T. - T ₇ , with the transistors connected to a two-part unit being accommodated in the relevant two-part unit to simplify the structure of the integrated circuit. These transistors are connected to one another via a luster of conductor tracks 3 it is clearly evident that these compounds do not cross, resulting in an increased yield resulted 8-18 denote the connections for the two-part d. _D - d _d, which iusikinstruinent-i for the usable frequencies can be taken out while the input. with E and the output with U.

Pig. 8 shows a frequency converter which is implemented using the so-called "i.lniwatb" technique. This technique is a common integration technique, in which an epitaxial η-conductive layer is applied to a p-conductive oil substrate, after an η-conductive area with high doping has been applied, which areas are for low-ear collector connections, among other things at g expend et be. The n-layer was subdivided by a pattern of p-diffusions into mutually isolated islands, in which in the n-conductive 'layer to form transistors, among other things, p-diffusions as base electrodes for the transistors and then in these p-diffusions again n -Diffusions can be attached to form the emitter. On the. Silicon oxide formed during these diffusions is again attached to a pattern of conductor tracks that connect the areas to one another in the desired manner, -üie two-part el. _o can, same

ι Io

As in Fig. 7, "consist of any two-part training you want. The '/, white divider d. - d _ are again connected to one another via a pattern of conductor tracks 3, while the gate circuits G, G ₇ are connected to one another and with two-parters via a pattern of conductive tracks 4. In this case, too, it makes sense that crossings should be avoided.

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The positive supply voltage is based on a pattern of

Conductor tracks A and the negative supply voltage are supplied by conductor tracks 5 via a cough.

The advantage of an adjustment arrangement with inverting gate circuits is that the trailing edges of the pulse to be subtracted and the pulse to be subtracted are at the same level. Since the subtle pulse always originates from dividers with a low output frequency, it is ensured that the pulse width of this output pulse is reduced by adding or nit the output inipulae of the dividers between the output of the divider of the:; subtrah learning pulse and the divisor from de.i eiu In puls is to be suppressed by this impulse. Then a series of subtracting ex * iapulae is obtained which have a pulse width which is approximately equal to the width of the subtracting pulse. Due to a side difference in the successive divisors, the subtracted impulses are somewhat delayed in relation to the impulses to be subtracted; To neutralize the delay, the subtracting pulse is available, so that this delay does not play a very important role. iJios is illustrated in FIG. 9, in which, for example, for the gate circuit; '] "n; .ch FIG. 5 it is indicated how the pulse width of the divider d. _r dadurc'ti v / ird that your liipuls with the J.; - pulses ;; from the divisors d. "- d to a pulse width the schn ^v 1.stoü Ii.ipuL. it, therefore, is added to the side of the impulse from d _o luis, and further as from this.! Signal the Ti-pulüe of the divider d .. untei ;-(! Rüokb become.

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Fig. 9 shows the shape of various Ir .; pulse series that occur at the inputs and outputs of the gate circuit (L · - and G ₇ after i'ig. 5. Here f._ denotes the pulse series that occurs at the output of the divider d . -, the pulse series at the output of the divider U ₇ , f. the pulse series at the output of the divider d. and fj- the linpulse series at the output of the divider cLc. Ds the gate circuit G _{7 is} an ITAlTD- (Uicht-And ^ gate, occurs at its output the inrouls series f _? which, as can be clearly seen, the pulse width of the divider with the highest frequency, i.e. the divider cLp, and the frequency of the divider ü.it the lowest frequency, i.e. the divider CL ₁ -, f ... denotes the pulse series ^ at the second output of the divider d .. and is combined at the inputs of the KAIID gate circuit G, - with the pulse series f "at the output of G ₇ , which is the pulse series fr at the output of the NAIID Gate circuit G / -, with one pulse being subtracted from the pulse series f .. by the pulse series f ₇ It can be clearly seen that the pulse series f “can have a delay equal to the pulse width of the pulse series f ... before residuals in the form of rebukes of the pulse to be subtracted from the series f ... remain. The latter does not occur in practice.

In these circuits, the dividers are as

! ^T AITD - '.' Are formed which divide on the rising flank, where the second output of the two-parter is used, while the gate circuits consist of HAITO gates. Instead of ITAWD dividers which divide on the rising edge, it is also possible to use IIAHD dividers or NOR (lTicht-Oder) dividers of one of the two types that divide on the falling edge. IJOR gates can also be used instead of MND gates. The dividers can also be provided with a single output. A number of possible combinations are listed in the table below.

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, Art
Divider

dividing up

Either exit type gate of a divider used

1. lTAITi) divider

2. ITOR divider

3. ΠΑΪίΒ-part

4. L'OIl divider

5. IJAUD divider b. I: CR part

7. ITiULU divider

8. NOR divider

ascending plan
ke ITAUD gate 2. sloping plan
ke NOR gate 2. rising flan
ke ITOR gate 1. sloping plan
ke MND- _T ..r 1. sloping flan
ke liAUJ gate 1. rising flan
ke UOR gate 1. sloping flan
ke NOR gate 2. ascending plan
ke UAND gate 2.

In FIG. 10, the pulse series according to FIG. corresponding lupulse series are shown in the event that in the Circuit arrangement according to FIG. 7 NOIi divider can be used, which on divide the falling edge while the second output is used, and when using NOR gates.

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Claims (1)

- 17 - HIM.57M Patent claims: /1. / Device for generating the tones of a scale, which consists of a frequency converter, one of which is an input with the input a divider chain is connected to which the signal of a generator can be fed, while outputs of certain dividers with inputs a gate circuit are connected, the output of which is connected to an output of the frequency converter, a lower output at this output Tone is obtained from the octave, characterized in that such a frequency converter is provided for each octave tone, wherein the outputs of those dividers are connected to the inputs of the gate circuit which generate a tone at the output of this gate circuit, which is the closest lower frequency of the tone at the input of the Has divider chain, all frequency converters being connected in series. 2, frequency converter for use in a device according to claim 1, characterized in that the output signal is a semitone of the well-tempered 12-note scale lower than that Input signal is. 3. Frequency converter according to claim 2 _t " with a T'etbe of two-divider, to which an input signal is fed, which two-divider rat are each provided with an input and at least one output, wherein in each case a first output of a two-divider is connected to the input of a subsequent two-divider , and where at the outputs of the two-divider pulse series with a pulse width of approximately 50 i ^a occur, while the chain is made up of groups of successive two-parters, of which the pulse series corresponding to the output pulse series form a part of the pulse series at the output of the frequency converter, and from groups of two-part units, of which the Irapulisreilien corresponding to the output pulse series do not form a part, which groups each consist of at least one / jv / üitüiler, characterized in that the 209 _Sfl3 / _Qß 7 ₅ 8AD _0RiaiNAL - 18 - .Πι ", 5714 Input of the i'requency converter on the one hand with de.-i Sinyang of the first Group of two-parters and on the other hand with a first rJinga.ng one first of a series of "inverting gate circuits" is connected, of which one input is connected to the output of a subsequent one, where ar .. output of this first gate circuit is the desired output signal occurs while an output of the divider of a group is connected to an input of a subsequent gate circuit, where, if the last group of only one., singles to the output pulse series contributing two-parter exists, the outputs of the two-parters of the latter two groups lead to the inputs of the last gate circuit, while the signals at the input of the divider chain and at the first input of the first gate circuit are inverted with respect to each other. 4.. Frequency converter according to claim 2 or 3 »characterized in that that a number of additional outputs are provided, the nil; are connected to the outputs of those two-parters that may usable octave tones after lengthening the dividing chain deliver. 5. Frequency converter according to claim 2, 3 or 4 »thereby characterized in that the converter is designed as an integrated circuit is, in which the oignal connections between the two parts among each other, between the dividers and the gates and between the gates are free of intersections with each other. 6. Kusikinstruniünt that with a device according to Claim 1 is stranding.