DE2229535A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOLDING PLASTICS - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

DR.-ING. RICHARD GLAWE DIPUNG. KLAUS DELFS DIPL-PHYS. DR. WALTER MOLL

MUNICH HAMBURG MUNICH

8 MÖNCHEN 2 «2 HAMBURG

PO Box 37 WAITZSTR. LIEBHERRSTR. 20 TEL (0411) 89 22 TEL. (0811) 22 «5 48 TELEX 212921 spec YOUR SIGN YOUR MESSAGE FROM OUR SIGN MUNICH

A 91

Kanegafuchi Chemical Industries Go. Ltd. Osaka-sM, Osaka-fu, Japan

Method and device for compression molding of plastics

The invention relates to a method and a device for compression molding of plastics, in particular for disposal large amounts of plastic waste on the one hand and for molding a malodorous and a large-sized one Product that is completely welded inside.

Various types of processes are currently known for disposing of plastic waste. One of these

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driving is a combustion process. However, there are solve many problems, e.g. the destruction of the incinerator as a result of high temperatures and the elimination or neutralization of this process formed gases. Another method consists of depositing it underground or in the sea after renewing it Pressing or molding. In the latter method, however, it is difficult to economically according to the common measures to remove large amounts of plastic waste. Furthermore, it is difficult to obtain a large-scale Compression molding of the product because the inner areas of the materials are not heated enough can to be softened and welded together. Products made in this way are usually offensive and may break as a result of external pressure or impact. As a result, they become common tied with a wire mesh and then compacted with asphalt to avoid breaking. This reinforcement

he
however, it is considerably expensive and still unsuitable for achieving the desired purpose. Three different methods are currently known by which materials are heated and fully softened in order to be able to be compression molded. The first is a plasticizing method using a rotating screw type device. The method includes the conversion of mechanical mixing energy

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to thermal energy. However, it requires a large-sized one Screw or a rotor so that high temperatures can be reached. This method is thus rather expensive due to the expensive apparatus and the high consumption of electrical energy. Furthermore, it leads to considerable signs of wear on the device, e.g. on the screw, when reinforcing materials the glass fibers or cotton are added to the materials to increase the strength of the product will. This method is therefore not acceptable in practice. The second method uses heat from fed externally. It consists in that the metal mold with the help of an electric heater or the like. from is heated outside. However, it is almost impossible to heat up the whole system quickly, if a large one Amount of material to be compression molded. Furthermore, this method brings difficulties in compression molding, since thermal decomposition occurs in the outer areas of the materials, which leads to long-lasting The heating required to heat all parts of the material is attributable to it. The second method is therefore also unsuitable. The last method makes use of an electric heating process Use of high frequency or microwaves. These However, the method requires quite expensive equipment and is lower in the case of material Electricity constant, like polyethylene, unsuitable.

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The invention relates to a method and a device of the type mentioned above for avoiding the addressed disadvantages described above.

The invention relates to a method and a device for compression molding of plastics, wherein one Water vapor and / or vapor from organic solvents blows directly through molding materials to produce them Heat up to the temperature of their softening points or above before using a plastic or

(3.ΧΘ

several, may be mixed with impurities or reinforcing agents, subjected to the compression molding process. Furthermore, the invention relates in particular to a method for removing large amounts of plastic waste, without unpleasant odors occurring. In the broadest sense, the invention provides an improved one Process for the production of solid plastics, regardless of their quantity, which is completely welded as a whole are. The plastics produced in this way are difficult to break by external pressure or impact.

The press materials filled into the tightly closable metal molds or material containers evenly in a short time to the desired temperature, i.e. its reached temperature or above, through the Energy content of the water vapor and / or the steam

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heated, with neither local heating nor thermal decomposition of material occurring, namely regardless of the product quantity. In this way, the materials are kept liquid and can easily be be compression molded.

Afterwards, the materials heated in this way, the impurities, like pebbles, sand or the like. or may contain some types of reinforcing agents, directly pressed in the metal mold or extruded through a nozzle of the tightly closable material container and can easily by extrusion, injection blow molding or the like. be compression molded. Because mechanical measures for heating according to the method of the invention are hardly carried out, the device becomes practical never damaged, even if the materials contain the above-mentioned impurities or reinforcing agents, The compression molding period is therefore short and the productivity of the method of the invention is extraordinary high. The invention is also suitable for the disposal of large amounts of plastic waste because it has the advantage that the plastic waste is completely odorless and sterilized to the inside during the heating process. The invention is also applicable to suitable for the purpose of obtaining products with high specific gravity, in case the impurities such as It contains sand, pebbles or other substances.

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Impurities of this type adversely affect not the smooth or trouble-free compression molding and the plastics obtained are complete to the inside welded.

As plastics that can be molded according to the invention, thermoplastic resins, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, Polystyrene, ABS resins, AS resins and polyolefin resins, e.g. polyethylene and polypropylene or the like. as well as thermosetting Resins such as polyphenol resins and polyurea resins or the like, can be used.

These plastics can be used as materials according to of this invention. if required can be the desired Frcdv / -: · from one or more Plastic materials. compression molded v / earth,

A thermosetting hardener that has already been compression molded cannot be re-molded on its own, so that thermosetting hardeners are advantageously granulated or comminuted together with thermoplastic resin prior to the heating process The heating process described above can be used, steam is particularly suitable, on the other hand steam from organic solvents dissolves the plastic

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or allow it to swell, depending on the strength of the product. Compression molding means according to the invention can be used are e.g. plastic molding processes, Extrusion process, injection molding process, blow molding process, injection-blow molding process and extrusion molding process or the like.

Water vapor and / or steam are passed directly through the materials from one side of the metal mold or the Material container in which the materials are filled, blown. This procedure can also be carried out in this way be that water vapor and / or steam through the materials from one side of the metal mold or the Metal container blows her and then this leads away from another side, where you want the desired Maintains internal pressure. After you have passed the materials until they reach the liquid state through the Has heated the energy content of the water vapor and / or steam, the internal pressure can be reduced to normal pressure or further can be reduced to a negative pressure. The materials thus heated and liquefied can, if Desired to be treated with air or hot air to steam and / or steam which is in the metal mold or the material container remains to be replaced. The system can then be evacuated again will.

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In the first stage of blowing water vapor and / or steam, these can come into contact with the Materials and the device are cooled and then adhere to the surface or internal areas of the material and the wall of the device as a condensed liquid phase. This remaining liquid leads to malfunctions in the molding process because the condensed liquid by in the following process internal heat generated is evaporated again. Furthermore, a plastic produced in this way can cause bubbles unfold and break easily from external pressure or impact. The liquid can, however, practically completely be removed by continued blowing, which the liquid with increasing internal temperatures again converted into steam and / or steam. The liquid then evaporates during the Evacuation process. The process of exchanging water vapor and / or steam with air or hot air can further, if desired, to completely remove the water vapor and / or steam after Evacuation process (reducing process) or carried out during the same.

The materials obtained are dried and contain no steam and / or water vapor. As a result they can be compression-molded into the desired plastics without blistering. Finally, it is remarkable-

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It is worth knowing that any foul odor adhering to the materials is also eliminated by steam distillation will. The desired press molding process can be carried out according to the heating process described above. That Compression molding is usually carried out simultaneously with or immediately after the internal pressure is restored to atmospheric pressure, the remaining water vapor and / or steam being removed in the device is carried out .

If desired, the compression molding process can also be carried out after the internal pressure is reduced to that Pressure has been reduced, simultaneously or without being in the gaseous phase between the wall of the device and the surface of the materials Water vapor and / or steam is exchanged for air or hot air. When there is a lot of water vapor and / or steam is in said gaseous phase, it is not possible to use the preferred compression molding process to carry out, so that for the complete compression molding said replacement or reduction process may be required. The amount of heating and drying can be easily adjusted by the pressure and the temperature of the water vapor and / or steam or the blowing time can be checked. The above-described device for compression molding can furthermore if so desired, with one or more facilities

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for deodorizing the gas which is produced by the heating process according to the invention. the Bad odorous substances contained in plastic waste get together with steam and / or water vapor, which passes through the materials in the metal mold or in the material container to the atmosphere. According to the invention, therefore, some of the odorous substances can be dissolved in the water of a condenser while the other part together with air or non-condensed gas through the vent hole of the condenser can be drained. In this case, the condenser can be of the barometric type, a tubular capacitor, a plate capacitor or the like. be. One type of is particularly advantageous indirect cooler, because it increases the amount of condensation water is prevented, which can contain the foul odorous substances.

Air or non-condensed gas can be released directly into the atmosphere along with the foul odorous substances are released, but this can lead to secondary environmental pollution. The air or the uncondensed Gas can therefore preferably be transferred to a deodorizing furnace and for the purpose of liberation of foul odorous substances at temperatures of 45o ° C or more that can be achieved with fuels,

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M. 2223535

to be burned. The deodorizing furnace can be of the type for a process with direct or indirect heating. Furthermore, instead of the Deodoriser also used the combustion chamber for this purpose a steam boiler can be used.

Although the foul odorous substances in the air or the non-condensed gas with the help of the above Procedure can be removed, the malodor of the drainage liquid is still extraordinary strong. The drainage liquid can therefore be put into a deodorizing tower for the condensed drainage liquid be transferred, in which they can be rained down from the top of the tower. At the same time will Air blown through the tower from the lower part.

The air absorbs malodorous substances in the tower and is then at temperatures of 4-5o ° C or more burned in the aforementioned deodorizing furnace * or steam boiler. The plastic waste will be in front of the Reheat and before that. Compression molding processes are fed, advantageously granulated or comminuted or crushed.

Because plastic waste usually consists of different Plastics, which have different softening points, the performance of the disintegration

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222953a

shrinking machine gradually decrease or disappear, when the internal temperature of the shredder approaches the softening temperature of the plastics. Furthermore, the foul smells of the plastic waste from the shredder can increase with leak inside temperature thereof, which in turn causes malodorous environmental pollution can. Therefore, air or cold air can be blown through the crushing chamber, increasing the temperature the materials are kept below their softening temperatures during the comminution process can be. The blown air or cold air from the shredder can be smelly It contains odorous substances and is therefore used to remove them at temperatures of 45o ° C or more in the Combustion chamber of the deodorizing furnace burned.

As can be seen from the description of the present invention and taking into account the disadvantages mentioned of the known method results, the invention is primarily to a method and an apparatus directed towards compression molding of plastics, in particular with the following objectives:

l) A method and apparatus for compression molding a plastic.

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2) A method and apparatus for treating large quantities of plastic waste.

3) A method and apparatus for removing foul smells from plastic waste in the manner described above.

4) A method and apparatus for sterilizing of plastic waste in the manner described above.

5) A method and apparatus which can be used in the manner described above for a wide range of compression molding processes is applicable.

6) A method and apparatus that works cheaply and quickly in the manner described above.

The following are embodiments of the invention explained with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Pig, Fig. 1 is a flow sheet showing an apparatus for the compression molding process of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of another apparatus for the compression molding process of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a flow diagram for another device according to of the invention with a capacitor and a deodorizing tower.

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Pig. 4 is a flow diagram of a further device from FIG Invention with a condenser and a steam boiler.

Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of another apparatus of the invention used for the comminuting process will.

The drawings are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention Understand that numerous modifications to the arrangements shown will be apparent to any person skilled in the art.

1 shows the flow diagram of a device which is equipped with a metal mold 1. Pressing materials are introduced into the metal mold through the opening 2 and form layers of material 3. A piston 5 is above the metal mold 1 is arranged. After the materials are completely filled into the metal mold 1, the piston 5 with the help of oil pressure means 4 on the lower level of opening 2 moved downwards. Thereafter, a steam and / or steam inlet valve 6 become an Eirikßregulierventil 7 an outlet regulating valve 8 and an outlet valve 9 open and water vapor and / or steam are introduced via a supply line. The water vapor and / or the steam is blown through the materials from top to bottom and then via the outlet conduit derived, which the desired pressure egg metal

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form 1 controls by means of a pressure control valve Io. In In this way, the materials are adjusted to the desired value by the energy content of the water vapor and / or steam Heated to the temperature and softened to be suitable for compression molding.

The materials can be dried and deodorized by blowing for a desired period of time will. Thereafter, the inlet valve 6 and the outlet valve 9 are closed. Then the upper part is

ventilating valve 11 and a valve 12 venting the lower part open to the remaining water vapor and / or to let off steam from the metal mold 1.

In the other embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the inlet valve 6 and outlet valve 9 are and the inlet regulating valve 7 all closed and then the ventilation valve 2o opened to the remaining Let off water vapor and / or steam from the metal mold 1. The internal pressure of the metal mold 1 reaches in this way as in Fig. 1 atmospheric pressure.

From the embodiment shown in FIG Invention it can be seen that the ventilation valve 2o is closed after the internal pressure of the metal mold 1 has reached atmospheric pressure. After that, a

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The evacuation valve 21 is opened and the metal mold 1 is evacuated with the aid of a vacuum tank 18, which in turn can be evacuated by means of a vacuum pump 19. The condensed liquid on the wall or the bottom of the metal mold 1 and adheres to the surface of the materials is evaporated again and over the The vacuum tank 18 and the vacuum pump 19 are drained. At the same time, the water vapor and / or steam that is in the Materials and returned in the gaseous phase of the metal mold 1 are also ejected. Thereafter become like from Pig. I can be seen, the inlet regulating valve 7, the valve 11 venting the upper part, the outlet regulating valve 8 and the valve 12 venting the lower part are all closed and the piston 5 is moved downward to compression mold the plasticized materials. The compression molded plastic is cooled and pulled out at 14 (jacket). In the embodiment shown here, a water vapor and / or vapor pressure reducing valve IJ adjacent to that Inlet valve ό be arranged to reduce the pressure of the water vapor and / or steam. When the pressure of the water vapor and / or steam is reduced, the temperature rises in accordance with the degree of reduction.

For the purpose of complete drying before the compression molding process, the regulating valve 7 and the air

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inlet valve 15 is opened again after the reduction process and fresh air is introduced from the outside. The fresh, Air passes through an air filter 16 and, if desired, is heated by means of the heater 17. The so Hot air obtained replaces the remaining water vapor and / or steam of the metal mold 1 and the materials.

In the next stage, the inlet regulating valve 7 and the air inlet valve 15 are closed, after which the Reduction process and the compression molding process is carried out in the manner described above.

According to the invention, the outlet valve for plastic be provided below a material container instead of the metal mold 1. The valve is directly connected to a Injection mold or the like. or nozzle connected. This allows materials to be extruded and molded in a liquid state by any of the extrusion, injection, blow, injection-blow and extrusion-blow molding processes Or the like. Using the device described above.

3 shows a flow diagram of another embodiment, the one for extruder devices operating under pressure is used. Oil pressure means 2j5 and a piston 24 aindj are arranged on the upper part of a container 22. The materials are in the container 22 with formation

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a layer of material 25 is filled. Water vapor and / or steam is blown through the materials via an inlet valve 27 and to the atmosphere via a
Outlet valve 28 released, in which the desired internal pressure of the container 22 is maintained. After that, will
the emitted water vapor and / or steam through the
Line 29 passed and entered into a condenser 30 which is cooled with cold water flowing from the cold water inlet line 31 to the cold water outlet line 32. Steam and / or steam can
thus be condensed. In this way, foul odors of the plastic waste are emitted together with the water vapor and / or steam released from the materials and then into the condenser
3o introduced.

Part of the foul odorous substances is dissolved in the drainage water and is released into the atmosphere via a drainage line 4o and a final pump 4.1,
while another part in a fan 3 ^ over a
upper fan 33 along with uncondensed
Gas or air as well as Wasaerdarapf and / or is sucked. The latter part is then pressurized and fed to a deodorizing tower 36 via the ventilation line 35. From there, the exhaust gas is odorless to the
Atmosphere after it has been with or without fresh

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_Λ $ 222953

air at temperatures of 45 ° C or more both Combustion of fuel can be achieved, has been heated. The fuel is supplied via the fuel supply pump 37 supplied and burned with a burner 38. on In this way, the materials are heated with the help of the energy content of the water vapor and / or steam, sterilized and deodorized.

Thereafter, the inlet valve 27 and the outlet valve 28 is closed and the materials are extruded by means of the piston 24 through the opened piston valve 26. the extruded materials are then further treated according to the desired compression molding method.

Fig. 4 shows a flow diagram of a further device, which is used for the compression molding process. the Device is equipped with a condenser and a steam boiler. The steam boiler is in place of the deodorizing tower shown in FIG. 3 is provided.

The oil pressure devices 23 and the piston 24 are provided on the upper part of the container 25, while on the lower part of a drawer element 25 is provided, which with the help of a hinge lever (toggle) can be opened and closed.

The i4atorialien are in the container 22 forming

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of the material layers 25 are filled. The heating and deodorizing processes are described in FIG. 3 Way done.

Some of the malodorous substances will be in the drain liquid solved, which to the Desodoresxerungsturm 43 via the drain pipe 4o the drain pump 41 and inflow line 42 is brought. The drain rains from the deodorizing tower 43 and is brought into contact with fresh air sucked in from an injection duct 45 is. The line 45 is arranged on the lower part of the tower 43. The malodorous substances become removed from the drain together with the air and sucked from the head of the tower 43 by means of the fan 44. The malodorous substances thus removed are conducted to the steam boiler 36 via the outlet line 35.

Another part of the malodorous substances is sucked into the blower 34 via the upper fan 33 together with uncondensed gas or air including water vapor and / or steam, then pressurized and introduced into the boiler 36 via the outlet line 35. The exhaust gases are released into the atmosphere as odorless gases via the outlet line 39 after they have been heated to 450.degree. C. or above in the manner described with reference to FIG. The steam released in the steam boiler j> 6 is in turn

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Let valve 27 of metal mold 22 via steam line 49 entered.

After the heating, sterilizing and deodorizing processes have ended, the inlet valve 27 and the outlet valve 28 are closed. Then the piston 24 is moved downward to compression mold the softened materials. The compression-molded plastic is cooled and pulled out by opening the drawer element 26 using the toggle. The deodorizing tower described above can be converted into a different type of tower, for example a "russeling tower", a tower with porous material (porous tower) or a covered tower (cap tower) or the like. Which merely ensures sufficient contact between air and liquid must guarantee. _M may be shown the Desodoreslerungsgrad, as shown in Fig. 4 easily be controlled permanently by means of the pressure, temperature and volume of the Wasserdarapfes and / or vapor or Hei ^. Furthermore, air or hot air can be blown through the materials for the purpose of complete drying after completion of the general heating process.

Fig. 5 shows a device for crushing the Preßn ^^ rialien, which preferably before the heating process of the invention is driven or actuated. A grinder 5I is connected to a motor 50.

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Plastic waste is completely removed from a container 52 via a feed device 53 into the shredding machine 51 given. A crushing chamber 54 of the crushing machine 5I is provided with a cooler 58 connected via a connecting pipe 59. Air is introduced into the cooler 58 via an air inlet 55 and through cold water flowing from a cooling water inlet 56 to a cooling water outlet 57. This is necessary because the plastics to be shredded are heated by the energy generated during the shredding process. The cold air thus obtained is blown into the comminution chamber 51 in order to prevent overheating to temperatures which are above the lowest softening point of several types of plastics or to prevent.

Since the temperatures and the volume of the cold air are controlled in the manner described above, an effectively working crushing process is obtained. The cold air absorbs the bad smelling ones Substances of the plastic waste in the shredding chamber 24 and is together with the shredded materials fed to a cyclone 60, the cold air containing the odorous substances from the comminuted materials can be separated. The one containing the odorous substances. Cold air is supplied via an exhaust pipe 61 and an exhaust fan 62 in a deodorizing burner 65, where they are heated to temperatures of 45o ° C

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or more is deodorized by means of a burner 64.

The deodorized air is discharged from the vent port 66 vented to the atmosphere via the vent line 65. The drain port 66 is located at the top of the combustor 6j. The crushed materials are stored in 57 and carried away as required. Although any type of crushing machine, e.g. can be used, a suitable crusher is selected according to the nature of the plastic waste and used. Furthermore, any type of combustion device can also be used. Farther Any catalyst for deodorization can be added to the exhaust gases by heating to temperatures Desodoresleren from 45o ° C or more. The cold air can be prepared by means of a cooler of the type described above, while liquid air or liquid Nitrogen, which have been evaporated adiabatically, can be used to convert the low temperature below the softening point of the plastic waste. On the other hand, normal air can also be large Quantities used for this purpose. In any case, it is particularly economical to use cold air with temperatures to be used in the range between 0 and 10 ° C.

Further embodiments of the invention are shown in

3ÜÜÖU8 / 0741

are explained in the following examples:

example 1

Waste from polyvinyl chloride bottles became Io mm Chop the cubes and fill them into a metal mold with a diameter of 20 cm. After pre-pressing the finely shredded

th particles at 15 kg / cm (gauge pressure: G.P.) Steam was blown directly through the same from the lower part of the metal mold to heat it to 180 ° C. Then they were at a pressure of 250 kg / cm (G.P.) pressed to obtain a columnar substance which was completely welded inside and had a specific gravity of 1.3. The one in the break test

The breaking strength found was 150 kg / cm.

example

Mixed plastics made of 60 $ polyethylene (% by weight , residues are omitted), 2o $ polyvinyl chloride and 2o $ polystyrene were crushed to 8 mm cubes and j) 0 cm χ > 0 cm square metal support mold (pillar metal mold) filled. Toluene vapor at 1 ^ kg / cm "(GP) was blown directly through the crushed particles to heat them to 200 ° C. These were then

pressed at a pressure of 22o kg / cm ~ (G.P.), with a Square substance was obtained, which was completely welded inside and a specific weight

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/ on Ι, ο exhibited. The measured breaking strength was 209 kg / cm.

Example 3

Mixed plastics made of 25 $ polyvinyl chloride, 25 $ polystyrene, 2o # polyethylene, 1 $% polypropylene, 7.5% blown (blistering) polystyrene and 7 * 5 $ of a thermosetting resin were mixed with 1.5 times the amount of pebbles (ό mesh ) mixed. The mixture obtained was poured into a columnar metal mold with a diameter of 5 cm, which had been preheated to 160 ° C. After the materials were pre-pressed to 2o / 6 volume (press ed / £ o the 2o $? Space rate), water vapor was blown directly through these materials from the lower part of the metal mold to heat the materials to 200C. After that the materials were under

pressed a pressure of 250 kg / cm, being a columnar Substance was obtained which has a specific

Weight of 1.5. The breaking load was 196 kg / cm

Example 4

Pelletized high pressure polyethylene was introduced into a tightly sealable material container ". Water-

Steam at a pressure of 15 kg / cm (G.P.) was direct blown through the material to heat it to 160 ° C.

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After the material became liquid and collected on the floor, it was turned on by means of compressed air extruded through a 15 jzf round nozzle, creating a round 15 ^ rod was obtained.

Example 5

Waste from polyvinyl chloride bottles was crushed into 10 mm cubes and placed in a tightly sealable material container. The material container was equipped with an extruder piston at its upper part. A stream of water vapor at a pressure of 12 kg / cm (GP) was blown directly through the material to heat it to 170.degree. The materials were pressed by means of the piston and then extruded by means of a screw through a 25 rf x 19 rf tubular nozzle, whereby a
Polyvinyl chloride pipe received.

Example 6

A blend of $ 90 pelleted ABS resin and

Glass fibers were introduced into a tightly sealable material container. The material made a small amount of water vapor containing toluene vapor at a pressure of 16 kg / cm is blown directly to it I90 C to heat up. The material was with the flask injected into a metal mold for a sink. A glass fiber reinforced wash basin was obtained.

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example ¹ y

Low-pressure polyethylene was poured into a tightly sealable material container that was attached to its upper Part was equipped with an extruder piston. A stream of water vapor with a Pressure of 16 kg / cm was blown to heat it to 200 ° C. The material was squeezed off the piston and then through a 30 cm χ 15 mm hose nozzle was extruded at the lower part, a hose made of polyvinyl chloride being obtained.

Example 8

"Seat molding compound", produced from polyester resin reinforced with glass fibers, was cut into 10 cm squares and poured into a tightly closable material container. The material container was provided with an extruder piston at its upper part. Steam with a pressure of 1 j5 kg / cm (GP) was blown directly through the material to heat it to 150 ⁰ C. The material was pressed with the plunger, wherein a 'j cm χ Io cm x loo cm plate was obtained.

Example 9

Pfilletiiuf-ir-tcjs polyethylene was in a Jo cm JZI χ jo om metal mold of FIG. 1. filled. Water vapor with

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3 0 ⁽ J \ s U {] I 0 7 A 1

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

2 p

with a pressure of 20 kg / cm (GP) was relaxed to 5 kg / cm (GP) and blown through the material from the upper part to the lower part for 2 minutes, the internal pressure being kept at 40 kg / cm (GP). After the material ^{had been heated to 150 °} C. in this way, the blowing was interrupted. The internal pressure of the container was reduced to atmospheric pressure. Thereafter, the material was pressed to obtain a columnar substance having a specific gravity of 0.93. This substance was completely welded inside and contained no bubbles as shown in FIG. 1. Steam with a

Pressure of 20 kg / cm (G.P. was relaxed to

Example Io

Mixed plastic waste from Ko% polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, 2o $ polystyrene, lo # ABS resin and \ o% polyphenol resin were crushed into Io mm cubes. 40 kg of the crushed material was placed in a 150 cm φ χ 100 cm metal mold of the Pig. 1 filled. Steam

2

with a pressure of 20 kg / cm (G.P.) was reduced to Io kg / cm relaxed, mixed with a small amount of toluene vapor and then through the material from top to bottom Part blown for j5 minutes, the internal pressure being on 9 * 3 kg / cm "(G.P.). After the material

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so heated to 180 ° C, the blowing was stopped. Thereafter, the internal pressure of the container was reduced to atmospheric pressure, and the material was then with it pressed a plunger to obtain a columnar substance having a specific gravity of about 1 had. The substance was free from malodor and bubbles.

Example 11

Pelletized polystyrene was placed in a material container equipped with a plastic outlet and a 16 $ extrusion nozzle at the bottom of the apparatus shown in FIG. Water vapor with a pressure

ρ ρ

from 20 kg / cm (GP) was relaxed to 14 kg / cm (GP) and then blown through the materials from the upper part to the lower part for about 2.5 minutes while maintaining the internal pressure at Γ3 kg / cm (GP) . The material was ^{heated to 190 °} C. as a result. After the internal pressure in the container was reduced to atmospheric pressure, the material was pressed through a piston and extruded, whereby a 15 φ columnar substance was obtained which had a specific gravity of 1.04. The substance was free of bubbles.

Example 12

Mixed plastics made of 6o & polyethylene, 2o # polyvinyl chloride and 2o # polystyrene were cut into 8 mm cubes

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and filled into a j> o d χ ~ ßo cm column. Steam with a pressure of 15 kg / cm (Gg) containing a small amount of toluene vapor was blown through the material from the upper part to the lower part in order to heat it to 170 ⁰ C. Then the blowing was stopped. Thereafter, the internal pressure of the container was reduced to 700 mmHg and left as it is. The material was pressed to obtain a columnar substance having a specific gravity of 1.0. This substance was completely melted inside.

Example I3

40 kg of pelletized polystyrene was poured into a 30 cm φ 100 cm metal mold of FIG. Steam was blown through the material at a pressure of 16 "kg / cm (GP) from the upper part to the lower part to heat it to 180 ° C. Thereafter, the blowing was stopped and the internal pressure of the container was reduced to 650 mmHg Air was blown from the lower part for 1 minute to replace the vapor of the gaseous phase with air. Thereafter, the internal pressure of the container was reduced again to 050 mmHg , 09 exhibited.

309808/0741

Example l4

Pelletized polyvinyl chloride was filled into an * · extruder machine, which was equipped with a plastic outlet valve and a 15 φ χ 9 φ extruder nozzle (extruding machine) on the lower part of the container. The container had an extruder piston. Steam with a pressure of 18 kg / cm (GP) was bubbled through the material from the upper part to the lower part in order to heat it to 190 ⁰ C. Thereafter, the blowing was stopped and the internal pressure of the container was reduced to 450 mmHg for 150 seconds. Then hot air was introduced from the lower part and released into the atmosphere for Jo seconds by means of a vacuum pump in order to replace the water vapor with hot air ζμ. The supply of hot air was then interrupted and the internal pressure of the container was reduced to 450 mmHg for Jo seconds. The material was extruded through a plastic outlet valve and an extruder nozzle to obtain a 15 φ χ 9 φ tube.

Example I ^

A foul-smelling plastic mixture of 40 polyethylene, 2.0% polystyrene, 2.0% ABS resin, and 20% polyvinyl chloride was placed in a hammer grinder. The mixture was crushed by the internal temperature below j) O ° C by blowing cooling air at 10 ⁰ C.

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was held. For the purpose of deodorization it was made the exhaust air is burned in the furnace at 55o ° C. The comminution rate was 800 kg / h and the bad odor properties of the crushed particles were significantly decreased.

When the crushing was carried out without blowing cooling air for comparison, the efficiency became (faculty) of the crushing plant gradually degraded and finally the crushing measures were taken impossible if the internal temperature of the shredding system rises.

30aöü0 / 0741

Claims (1)

Claims 1.) Process for compression molding of plastics, characterized in that water vapor and / or steam from organic solvents is passed through directly Press materials blow to heat them up to the temperature of their softening points or above before one or more plastic, which may be mixed with impurities or reinforcing agents, the Subject to compression molding. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the materials in a suitable manner softened so that they can be molded and then pressed to obtain a product. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized geke η η ζ eichnet that the materials are filled into a tightly closable container to or the like by one of the compression molding, such as extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, blow extrusion, injection blow molding. be compression molded. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a water vapor and / or vapor of organic solvents by the materials of - 23 309808/0741 Side blows and then the system is depressurized. 5 · The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the remaining water vapor and / or steam is exchanged for hot air. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure of the system is reduced will. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water vapor and / or steam of organic Solvent is blown through the materials from one side and onto the other side Atmosphere is released, the internal pressure of the container is maintained, and that then the materials simultaneously with or after reducing the residual pressure of the container to atmospheric pressure be compression molded. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the pressure of the system is reduced to subatmospheric pressure. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the remaining water vapor and / - 34 -309808/0741 or steam is exchanged for hot air. 10. The method according to claim 9 » characterized in that the pressure of the system is reduced to subatmospheric pressure. 11. The method according to claim J, characterized in that discharged malodorous / containing water vapor and / or steam is introduced into a deodorizing condenser. 12. The method according to claim 11, - characterized in that condensed drain liquid in a deodorizing tower is inserted. IjJ. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that that non-condensed malodorous substances containing gases at temperatures of 450 ° C or Mohr can be burned in incinerators or steam boilers. 14. The method according to claim Ip, characterized geke η n- 'Δ calibrate η (. · T that non-condensed malodorous gases, toi'Vi- containing gases are burned with fresh air. I ¹ J. Device for compression molding of plastics, tjr; stohend from a metal mold with a piston above 3 ü U U UU / U 7 the same, with a water vapor and / or steam inlet valve on one side and a water vapor and / or
Steam outlet valve is arranged on another side for carrying out the method according to claim 1. 16. The device according to claim 15 *, characterized in that an Exnlaßregulierventil and an outlet regulating valve are provided. 17. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that instead of the metal mold
a material container is being used and is still on
lower part plastic outlet valves are arranged. 18. The device according to claim 15 * characterized in that the metal mold with a Evacuation device is connected. 19. The device according to claim l8, characterized in that means for blowing are connected to the metal mold by hot air. 20.. Device according to Anspnjoh 18, characterized in that instead of the metal mold
a material container is used and a plastic outlet valve is arranged on the lower part. - 36 -3 ü ¹ J l \ U Ü / U 7 4 1 21. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that g e t that a material container is used instead of the metal mold and at the lower part a plastic outlet valve is arranged. 22. Apparatus according to claim 15 * characterized in that a deodorizing capacitor is connected to the metal mold. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that a deodorizing tower for condensed discharge liquid is connected to the deodorizing condenser. 24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that a deodorizing tower for uncondensed gas or air laden with malodorous substances is connected to the deodorizing condenser is. 25. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that a steam boiler for uncondensed Gas or air laden with malodorous substances is connected to the deodorizing condenser. 26. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that - - 37 - 309808/0741 indicates that instead of the metal mold a Materxalbehalter is used and a plastic outlet valve is located on the lower part. 27. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that instead of the metal mold a material container is used and a plastic outlet valve is located on the lower part. 28. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that that instead of the metal mold, a material container is used and a plastic outlet valve is arranged on the lower part. 29. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that instead of the metal mold a material container is used and a plastic outlet valve is located on the lower part. 309808/0741 Blank page