DE2222915C3 - Method of making roof shingles - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a continuous process for the production of roof shingles, in which as Carrier at least one inorganic felt, which is provided with continuous reinforcing strands of glass fibers in the conveying direction of the felt, continuously moved and soaked and coated with bitumen, then loaded with granular, granulated material and then cooled and cut into shingles each clapboard has a head part and a stop part

A continuous manufacturing process is known in which a continuously supplied inorganic felt forms a carrier, which with a bitumen is impregnated and coated in order to be cooled after being applied with a suitable granulate and in Clapboard shape to be cut. In the manufacture of shingles of this type, the required Reinforcement can be achieved by glass fibers in the form of fiber mats. There is an essential here However, the problem is to find a fiberglass felt that so thin or lorker that it is sufficiently saturated and is coated without having to remain in the asphalt bath for a long time. On the other hand, the felt must also have sufficient strength and Have strength to withstand the temperature and expansion stresses, the latter can be considerable, especially in high-speed machines with a corresponding production output.

Roving made of glass fibers, as they have been partially used up to now and with which satisfactory strength values have been achieved, have too high a number of fibers per unit volume, so that too few It is also known for the manufacture of roof shingles S To reinforce inorganic felts in pre-selected areas of the felt with parallel strands of glass fiber running in the direction of the machine production. At a usual three-lane working process in which the Head edges of each clapboard in the longitudinal direction of the felt

ίο lie, the parallel glass fiber strands are arranged in fields in the longitudinal direction of the felt so that they reinforce only the head parts, but not the stop parts of the shingles. Here, the non-reinforced parts of the felt are stretched to a different extent than the reinforced, so that the felt becomes inhomogeneous and loses its alignment One also has to avoid making the shingles The fiberglass strands used for reinforcement are applied evenly across the felt

ao, however, the flap-like stops on the shingles are weakened so that they break off easily. If the If reinforcement strands extend lengthways along the clapboard, they tear easily in that direction. The invention is now based on the task of a

he process for the production of optimally light, tear-resistant roof shingles made of bitumen soaked and coated inorganic felt, which is provided with continuous reinforcing threads made of glass threads create, in which assumed a fiberglass felt that is thinner than previously used felts that however, at higher conveying speeds it can be coated and impregnated faster. The solution to this problem is achieved according to the invention in that a inorganic felt with a throat density of few Ger than 146.6 g / m ² is used, which is provided with the relatively thin, continuous, practically parallel strands of glass fibers extending in the conveying direction of the felt at regular intervals of about 032 cm to 2 4 cm, and that the shingles from the coated and cooled carrier so cut that the longitudinal edges of each shingle are perpendicular to the conveyor belt of the felt.

The present process is for the continuous manufacture of lightweight shingles at high productivity tion output particularly suitable, whereby the production products are characterized by good elongation and tear resistance. During the impregnation and coating process, the production speed is high no adverse effect on the fiber felt record. The glass fiber mat used as a carrier material with reduced density and increased tensile strength as well as sufficient tear strength withstands all influences during the manufacturing process, storage and processing of the finished product Product, whereby the roof shingles can withstand high wind speeds on the roof.

It is also advantageous in the present process that it is a continuous manufacturing process in which a continuously supplied one The carrier felt is saturated and coated with a bitumen compound in a very time-saving manner, whereby granulated: Material is embedded in the coating in a known manner, the coated felt is subsequently cooled and ir Roof shingles being cut.

The uniform tensile strength of the roof rail del results from the selected distance between the individual glass fiber strands and their special " Arrangement. After cooling, it is soaked "

and coat FHz in a cross direction to the fiberglass strands cut so that the long edge of the head the shingle lies transversely to the conveying direction of the felt pie strands serving as reinforcement extend then from the head part of the clapboard down to its lobed shape Stop part, which has been found to be particularly advantageous because the granulate coating is applied in the direction of the longitudinal edge of the head part, various structural

The one produced by the method according to the invention Roofing can be done in a number of relatively simple arrangements. The inventive The method can also be used with scavengers who have inorganic carriers that do not consist of fiberglass felt. For purposes of explanation, the invention is described using a Asphalt clapboard equipped with a fiberglass carrier with several lobes in which the carrier is soaked

Effects and color effects can be achieved as they are to and coated in a single coating stabilizer not eration at high conveyor speeds. The method according to the invention can also be applied warm. The increased tensile strength

allows for faster impregnation and coating of the felts, without this during continuous production of the thieves interruptions can occur. The roof shingles produced by the present process distinct structures can be given. The special introduction and arrangement The fiberglass strands lead to an increased holding turn in shingles with inorganic, felts forming carriers, which are soaked in the usual way in successive different stations and are coated.

In Fig. 2 shows a dry glass fiber felt 10 is shown mH a weight of 44 to 146.6 g / m ^2, reinforced with parallel strands of glass fibers 12 to the felt 10 at intervals of about 0.3175 to 2 £ 4 cm

force and resistance of the projections and ao are applied to give the felt a uniform stretching-Anscnlagteile the shingle]} even with extreme tensile strength over its entire length and width Claiming the thieves on the roof. to rent. As in Fig. 1, the felt 10

The starting material in the tank 18 according to the invention is drawn off from a supply roll 14 and carried out by a process, preferably inorganic filings for impregnation and coating with a surface density of between 44 and 146.6 g / m ² as solution 16 containing tank 18 and between, which are provided with the continuous glass fiber strands in the re- the gap 20 of the metering rollers 22 and 24 through regular intervals. is pulled. The gap 20 between the metering rollers

The backing of the scoundrels can also be produced 22 and 24 determines the thickness of the strands applied to the upper and the reinforcing glass fiber lower surface of the felt 10 at regular intervals on a felt with 30 layers. The grains 36 are fastened from funnels 28 with a weight of 22 to 733 g / m ² are released above the felt and then embedded or pressed into the coating and this felt with a further inorganic device 30 by means of an attachment with a weight of 22 up to 733 g / m ² combined pressure roller 32.

will. After the grains 36 have entered the coating 30

Although it is known that glass fleece bitumen roofing membranes 35 are embedded and connected to it, the felt 10 is produced in which the glass fleece is dusted with talc or mica 31 with a weight of 50 to 70 g / m ² which falls out with about 1 cm intermediate funnel 33 before the felt 10 is rolled over the deflection space with reinforcing fibers made of glass fibers 35. The felt 10 will then continue to be seen, is assumed (vgL bitumen and water-cooled rollers 38, over a guide roller 39 on Asphalt-Taschenbuch, 4th edition, 1969, p. 118 f.). A plurality of rollers are guided therefrom, but it was not evident from the felt that loops can also be formed from them, which pass through a cooling container_42.

Can produce roof shingles, the shingles being cut against the usual cutting direction.

To explain the method, the drawings show an exemplary embodiment as well as FIG Implementation of the process serving device. It means

F i g. 1 schematic representation of a typical

45

run through. The cooled and coated felt strip is then fed to a cutting cylinder 44 on which knives 45 are arranged which are perpendicular to the conveying direction of the felt 10 and which correspond to the length of the shingles to be cut. Each shingle cut from the felt 10 is provided with glass fiber strands 12 which extend from the head part to the stop part provided with punctures. Of the

Production line for the production of roofing 50 arrow ί in F i g. 2 shows the conveying direction of the felt,

ierial,

Fig.2 top view of a continuous inorganic Fiber mat reinforced with parallel fiber strands

«St. _w

F i g. 3 Top view of a shingle, which is also raised at a corner 55 with the method according to the invention is, can become real. A dry fiberglass felt UO

"- - - ^ _e j _nem weight of about 22 to 73.3g / m ²

while the arrow ρ shows the direction in which the shingles are cut out with their longitudinal edge across the felt 10.
Fig. 8 shows a modified embodiment,

F i g. 4 Cross section according to line 4-4 of FIG. 3,

F i g. 5 Representation of a roof shingle produced by the method according to the invention in a modified form Embodiment,

F i g. 6 View of a sliver with cutting lines drawn, as used in a known manner will,

F i g. 7 Representation of a sliver in a plan view with cutting lines, as they are when carrying out the invention Procedure are used,

F i g. 8 illustration according to FIG. 1 of a modified embodiment.

reinforced with parallel fiberglass strands that are placed on the Felt applied at intervals of about 0.3175 to 2.54 cm are to give the felt tape a uniform tensile strength.

The felt tape 110 is drawn off from a supply roll 114 and guided through a tank 118 containing the coating solution 116 , then drawn between the gap 120 of the metering rolls 122 and 124 . The gap s23 between the metering rollers 122 and 124 determines the thickness of the coating applied to the upper side and the lower side of the felt UO. A

Second dry fiberglass felt 126 is then cut from the chilled and the shingles are packaged. The supply roll 128 withdrawn and increased to the felt 110 tensile strength allows for a faster means of a guide roller 130 aufgebrächt The two felt impregnation and coating of thinner felts without Gebänder are then passed through an the Beschichtungslö- driving the damage, which are non flammable, solution 132 receiving Tank 134 and between the s in which the thickness of the coating is not fed to any gap 136 of the metering rollers 138 and 140. The two belts are treated in the same way and are subject to fluctuations due to the different quality of the felt, and the felt belt 10 according to FIG . 1. As in Fig. 8 and 1 drive interruption occurs
the bitumen is shown, which is drawn from the metering rollers seduced to the stop part strengthens so that they considerable stresses

The F i g. 4 shows a cross-section of a roof shingles produced after the resistance, which result in their individual parts in the cut-outs of the fastening method and which extend in a direction parallel to the surface. The reinforcing strands 12 can extend the length of the shingles. Since these stresses are sandwiched between lamellar glass fibers, which may be enlarged, or glued to the outside of the felt when the clapboard adheres to an underlying clapboard for an even and sufficient expansion of the stack or sticks slightly both during To achieve strength through the weaker parts and also after the installation of the shingles, Ie of the felt between the rollers 22 and 24 are not so the light, produced by the process can be stretched or bulged. A stretching clapboard is particularly beneficial
tensile strength that is sufficiently uniform across the die F i g. 6 shows a known so-called three-felt 10 is distributed around a different stretch of tape-felt. The F i g. 7 shows a felt in which the longitudinal edge of each clapboard perpendicular to the conveyor, which is to be prevented in different parts of the felt belt, can often also be reached if the direction of the felt is cut. FIG. 6 shows a reinforcement serving fiber strands not in regular part of a shingle tape 60, which are arranged at reinforced equal intervals. In order has a maxima organic felt is not yet blended in shingles Ie tensile and tear strength and an increased holding force Each dotted line to reach the Oberdes nail 62, it is advantageous that the encryption area 64 of the tape 60 shows how the band is severed at regular intervals by the strengthening of the strands 12, knives 45 of the cutting cylinder 44 would stand approximately 03175 cm on the felt belt 10. The grains 36 fall in a practically vertical direction. The serving of the reinforcing fiber from the hoppers 28 onto the tacky Asphaltbeschichstränge commonly processing a glass fiber felt and by tilting oriented in a connected, which at a thickness of 0.0254 cm to 0.1 143 angle of 45 ° to the horizontal surface of the banana has a weight of approximately 44 to 146.6 g / c ² after 35 des. This orientation or inclination of the grains provides the application of a thermosetting binder. Phenolic resin is often used as a link in a direction opposite to the conveyor belt, but it can be used for the felt belt. This direction can also be used for other thermosetting binders on the surface of the shingles or on the edge of each individual shingle given the high temperature of the bitumen solution. Withstanding the solution and being present in a crowd, the well-known three-lane machines that allow sufficient soaking of the felt were measured F i g. 6 are the grains of certain shingle piles when an asphalt shingle 46, such as FIG. 3 shows with nen to the same edge of the shingle different oriendrei flap portions 48, 50,52 is provided by the advantage of as outgoing at the cut edge of the other tracks 56, perpendicular to the length of the shingle shingles. The reason for this difference is that extending cutouts 54 are formed on one 45 of FIG. 6 can be seen. In FIG. 6 are at two Bah-end by a worker before or during inspiration NEN of shingles, the stop ends of the shingles is taken • stallation, results in a considerable opposite directions, since the grains 36 at the end 58 Delivering the off at concentrated stress on the Shingles 60 inclined in one direction cut 54. Surprisingly, the grains of the shingles 68 of the third web of felt tape produced by the method according to the invention are inclined in one direction, but do not shingle and are not separated from the Restrain 70 the other two from the roof by the action of high wind speeds. When shingles 68 and 70 demolished in close proximity. These stresses will be installed across the shaft, and when the sunlight is reflected to the reinforcing strands, the shingles 68 of the third mening, which are fastened to a felt that has a slight path, are shaded differently There is less density and less matting than organ 70 of the other two webs. If the niche mats with a typical weight of 562 sun are not in the apex, they reflect to the ranks ² . Since the reinforcing strands act as hinges or the grains directed towards the light 82 of the shingles 70, they unlearn the shingle a greater direction in a different direction than the grains directed against the cattle 84 of the strength in the areas of the carrion cuts during the grains directed against the shingles 68. Differences in handling and also after installation. Direction of light reflection from shingles in close

The m F i g. The fiber optics 10 shown in 2 has parallel neighborhoods are installed on a roof, are free, the reinforcement serving Glre 12, which is referred to as right and left reflections. 254 cm are arranged to give the fi * a gtekhmissi- C ₅ dem that shingles, which work with three lanes, give increased degrees. The fäz will skid the machine up, in such neighborhood too soaked with bitumen and escc before the bn- install. Done precautions but the grains have been put into place; then the FBz table will not hit, as there are differences in the legal

xion are not noticed by the roofer, as they can only be seen when looking at them from an angle and from a distance. Like F i g. 7 shows, the shingles 72 are cut lengthways in the direction ρ, so that each shingle 72 lies with its longitudinal edge transverse to the conveying direction t of the belt, so that no right and left reflection can occur when installing the shingles. The grains applied to each clapboard 72 of the shingle ribbon 90 are inevitably inclined in the same direction towards the longitudinal edge 86 of the head portion of the shingles. For each clapboard 72 cut from the ribbon 90 along the dashed line 88, there are no visible shades between adjacent ones Shingles, even when the sun is not on top of the head

With high conveyor speeds of the felt and with cutting techniques in which the shingles come out of the Felt be cut in the longitudinal direction of the felt tape (Fig. 6), it is not possible to use different grains To apply colors and sizes to the roof shingles in narrow ao continuous stripes that extend from the Extend the head part up to the stop part. In the method according to the invention, the width of the depends vertically The grain strips to be applied to the longitudinal direction of the shingles do not depend on the conveying speed »5 of the felt tape. Rather, the grains can be continuously banded onto the surface of the shingles Strips 94 (see FIG. 5) of any width, for example 1.27 cm, can be applied and run from the head part to the stop part of the shingles. Since the grains of the perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to be applied Grain strips may differ in size and color from the grains of other strips, it is with the method according to the invention possible to arrange a large number of vertical grain strips that have different colors and different structures. This way, shingles can come with numerous different surface structures at normal speeds according to the method according to the invention applied, which was previously not possible. In addition, according to the invention Process cheap and fire-resistant shingles made from thin felts with increased faster Tensile strength and tear resistance during manufacture, during packaging and during installation. With the method according to the invention are hitherto not possible shingle structures that the modern meet aesthetic and economic requirements.

It is clear to those skilled in the art of roofing shingles that shingles made according to the invention Processes made from fiber felts with increased elongation and tear strength are arbitrary may have different configurations depending on the type of felt and used of the desired aesthetic effect

As for Fig. 1, the method according to the invention enables the speed of impregnation and coating of thin, inorganic felts to be increased with rapid shingle production in an automatic production process. If a plurality of fiberglass felts are used to form a backing weighing at least 44 g / m ² , glass fiber felts weighing 22 to 733 g / m ² can be used. With continuous shingle production, the method according to the invention enables light shingles with high tensile strength to be achieved in the most varied of textures and also with different stop parts. Instead of the rectangular cutout 54, arcuate cutouts of different radii or rounded, non-arcuate cutouts can also be cut. The straight part 76 of the cutout can run in a curve, as at 78 in FIG. 5 is shown

The parts 48, 50 and 52 can be shaped in many different ways.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 509619 / 2C

Claims (3)

Patent claims: 1. Continuous process for the production of roof shingles, in which at least one inorganic felt as a carrier, which is provided with continuous reinforcing strands of glass fibers in the conveying direction of the felt, continuously moved and soaked and coated with bitumen, then treated with granular, granulated material and then cooled and is cut into roof shingles, each shingle having a head portion and a stop portion, characterized in that an inorganic felt is used with an areal density of less than 146.6 g / m ² , spaced at regular intervals of about 032 cm to 2J54 cm is provided with the relatively thin, continuous, practically parallel, extending in the conveying direction of the felt strands of glass fibers, and that the shingles are cut from the coated and cooled support so that the longitudinal edges of each shingle are perpendicular to the conveying direction of the felt. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the areal density of the felt reinforced at regular intervals with glass fiber strands is between 44 and 146.6 g / m ² 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the reinforcement serving glass fiber strands are fastened at regular intervals on at least one inorganic felt and this felt with another felt forms the support of the shingle, each felt having a weight of 22 to 733 g / m ²