DE2210981A1 - Hydraulic heat engine - Google Patents

Description

Ba 206 H

SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DE PROPULSION

Puteaux / France

Hydraulic heat engine

The present invention is concerned with a hydraulic heat engine, which is particularly intended is to work submerged and at any depth.

The experiments carried out to date to create engines with a thermodynamic cycle (those under water at medium and working at great depths) have generally led to systems whose mode of operation is the mode of operation is very similar in the open air; You have tried - as far as possible - to stay away from the surrounding area to isolate. This setting is particularly noticeable in systems with a so-called closed cycle, in which the surrounding water, for example, only because of its cooling properties is used.

Attempts have also been made to make motors work at a relatively considerable immersion depth by they are completely encapsulated in a tight envelope and the carbon dioxide, the main product of the reaction, for example bound by potash. In other cases it has been planned to let the engines work with turbines, by looking at the system as puncturing the existence of a sizeable has dimensioned external pressure. This leads to great difficulties in dimensioning; aside from that the specific consumption is increased considerably.

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The invention is therefore based on the object, while improving the performance compared to the known Motors to create a thermodynamic motor, of which Operation is to a large extent independent of the immersion depth and which is constructed so that one of the properties directly exploits the environment in order to achieve a very simple mode of operation.

Furthermore, a motor with high efficiency is to be created by the invention, the mechanical part of which only is in contact with a relatively cold liquid and its mode of operation is practically insensitive is opposite to the external pressure.

In the case of a hydraulic heat engine with organs for extracting energy from a liquid, the The object is essentially achieved in that at least one working space is provided into which a working fluid, that can release energy through relaxation, or substances can be introduced that can react chemically and by the reaction of which a working fluid can be generated, which can release energy through relaxation, that furthermore an injection line for a cold liquid and a discharge line for said liquid and for condensed liquid Parts of the working fluid are provided, at least one of these two lines being the organs interspersed to withdraw the energy.

According to a further feature of the invention, a check valve is inserted into the discharge line.

One of the advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that the thermodynamic cycle that is used can be used without inconveniences between greatly increased temperatures for the combustion gases on the one hand and the relatively very low temperature, for example of the sea

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water on the other hand can play.

Another advantage is a simplified one mechanical system that does not have any construction difficulty and that avoids all problems of (water) -tight connections or friction connections, since the piston used is a liquid piston.

It follows from these advantages that the specific consumption is considerable compared to the known designs is less.

Another advantage results from the fact that (after the water is displaced by the expansion of the combustion gases or was promoted and after the check valve is closed again) you wait any period of time can before the energy generated in this way is used; it can - if necessary - with a very considerable amount Power and used with any number of hydraulic motors or hydraulic cylinder-piston devices will.

Finally, it is advantageous in the invention to be able to achieve mechanical performance independently, either in the form of a torque at the output of a rotating shaft or in the form of hydraulic pressure, which is suitable is to remotely power any organ.

Further details of the invention emerge from the description of some exemplary embodiments, which - without to be limiting - are illustrated with reference to the drawing. Show it

Fig.l is a sectional view through a purely schematic

illustrated embodiment of the invention;

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2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e are schematic representations a heat engine according to the invention in five successive positions of their Duty cycle;

3 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the invention having two pressure reducing or ₀ expansion chambers;

4 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment according to the invention.

The hydraulic heat engine shown in Flg.l contains a closed working space in the form of a vertical cylinder 3, which at its upper The end is tightly sealed by a combustion chamber la and at its lower end by a known per se Check valve or a check valve 7 known per se is closed, through which a connection can be established between the interior of the closed working space 3 and the liquid reserve, wherein for example, seawater is selected as the liquid. The valve 7 only allows passage in one direction: From the inside of the container to the surrounding area.

Below the level of the check valve 7 can closed Arbeltsraum 3 be extended by a likewise cylindrical jacket 3a, which is made of sheet metal which is thinner than that which forms the wall of the enclosed space 3.

The combustion chamber la is essentially made up of a group of reservoirs by a pump (not shown) 1 (at the same pressure as the sea water) is supplied with reactive substances. The connecting lines between these reservoirs 1 and the closed work space are provided with valves 4.

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The cylinder 3 can now be filled with seawater up to a certain level η, which is achieved by means of injection takes place, such as from one or more injectors 23 via a hydraulic motor 23a.

The puncture method of this simple hydraulic heat engine is as follows: At the start of operation the closed work space 3 is full of water and the reactive substance or substances is or are are fed into the combustion chamber la in a suitable amount. Whereupon their burning is brought about, whereby the fabrics are brought to a pressure that for example, about three times as great as the external pressure that prevails in the surrounding area. You relax by pushing back the water column 2 forming a liquid piston through the check valve 7; the calculation shows that this delivery takes place until the gas pressure has dropped to about half the pressure is that prevailed in the surrounding area

This result is achieved due to the recovery of the kinetic energy of the water column 2 "which has accumulated in the first part of the pressure reduction ο During this process, an evaporation of water occurs from the free surface of the water column and water., Which runs on the walls _s which ensures a cooling of these walls.

As a result, the natural cooling of the amount of gas leaves the. inside the closed work space 3 prevailing pressure drop to a value that is far is below half the pressure that prevails in the surrounding area. The check valve 7 prevents one Return of the water through the lower end of said work space; you can then regain the energy

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by returning the water via a hydraulic motor 23a.

In an example of such a hydraulic heat engine, which has a cylinder volume of one cbm and which is submerged to a depth of 500 m, it has been found that the recovered in each cycle Energy is on the order of 1.3 PS »h. If the system is operating at 60 cycles per hour, the available is Power then about 80 hp.

The specific consumption (still in the case of an immersion depth of 500 m) related to the total of the consumed substances is 2 kg per PS'h if a mixture of compressed oxygen and kerosene is used. For an application at a depth of 500 m, the combustion pressure can be fixed at 150 bar and the pressure at the end of the The pressure reduction is then around 25 bar, with the pressure dropping by a few bar when the first 50 liters are introduced Water, by condensation of the steam contained in the cylinder of one cbm. This condensation will facilitated if the water is sprayed in finely divided, the combustion substances mainly water and Contain carbon dioxide; the first part condenses, while the other is completely at the end of the recompression can dissolve in the face of the large amount of water used.

The hydraulic heat engine according to Fig.2a to 2e is an engine which contains two reservoirs 1, in which an oxygen carrier or igniter and a fuel are stored, which are advantageously compressed oxygen and a hydrocarbon acts that can be withdrawn under a suitable pressure, which by operating a suitable Pressure reducing valve regulator (not shown) set

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will. The substances are introduced into the working space 3 via the closing organs or opening organs, such as Yentile ^ J, which are actuated by a control device 5; in FIG. 2a these valves 4 are assumed to be closed. The working space 3 also contains a certain amount of water, as a result of which it is filled up to a level η. The working space 3 is connected by a discharge line 6 which crosses the valve 7 (which is assumed to be open in Pig.2a) with a water-filled transfer chamber of variable volume, the volume of which changes by the operation of a movable piston 9 ″, the is firmly connected to a rod 10. Another transfer chamber with variable volume 11 contains a piston 12 _s which is firmly connected to the same rod 10 and which has the same diameter as the piston 9. The volumes of the transfer chambers 8 and 11 change in the same way together, in the same direction and with practically the same amount In Fig. 2a the chamber 11 communicates with the surrounding water via a line 13 and a valve 14 which is assumed to be opened by the device 5. This device can for example be one Set of cams that act on the various valves through the arrangement of feeler rollers and transmission rods wi rken. This device 5 is firmly connected to the rotary movement of a crank arm 15 which is connected to the rod 10 via a connecting rod 16. The output shaft 17 of the system is driven by the crank arm 15, it optionally contains an inertia flywheel and counterweight masses and drives a number of additional devices (not shown), such as a dynamo, a starter, an ignition device, etc.

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In Fig.2a the engine is in the so-called top dead center position. The introduction of the combustible products and fuels is in a previous phase has been made and the ignition takes place in that a spark plug 18 is connected to voltage. Under the effect the pressure increase following the ignition is the water contained in the working space 3 through the discharge line 6 driven into the transfer chamber 8; the engine gradually passes through the illustrated in Figures 2b and 2c Positions where he has then reached bottom dead center. The combustion gases create work by themselves relax; at the same time the transfer chamber 11 fills via the line 13 with water from the outside is removed.

At the bottom dead center (FIG. 2c) the valves 7 and 14, which have been open up to that point, close and the valves 20 and 22, which are arranged in an injection line 19 and in a line 21 (which the transfer chambers 11 and 8 with the work space 3 or the external environment), open. In this way, the transfer chamber 11, which has just filled with water taken from the outside has been brought into connection with the working chamber 3, wherein the water injection line opens into this working space 3 via a set of spray nozzles 23 through which the water to be injected is sprayed. Likewise, the transfer chamber 8, which is brought up with from the working space 3 Water is filled, connected directly with the outer water. Under the action of inertia, the shaft 17 continues to rotate, the transfer chamber 8 empties to the water and the transfer chamber 11 empties into the working space 3; the water, which is now injected into the working space 3 in the form of a mist, contributes to the burns, who have just relaxed to cool down very quickly; the water vapor generated by the combustion condenses

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and the carbon dioxide dissolves; the part of the unver ™ burned gases then recompress to participate in the next working cycle. The engine then runs through the Positions illustrated in Figures 2d and 2e, whereby the liquid level rises gradually due to the condensation of the cooling water mist. It can be provided (as can be seen from Pig.2e) that the injection nozzles 23 for the returning water are below of the maximum level η so that the filling is finished without generating fog. Finally open in the position of Pig.2e the valves 4 under the action of the device 5, so that the filling of the Mixing under pressure is allowed to prepare for the following cycle.

As a result of the choice of a different reactive mixture or as a result of combustion errors in the oxygen-hydrocarbon mixture, the production of insoluble or very sparingly soluble and non-condensable gas can occur. It can, as shown in Fig. ¹ ! It can be seen, an additional valve can be provided which connects the working chamber 3 with the outside by the actuation of the device. This valve 24 is open until the pressure prevailing in the working space 3 approximately reaches the value of the external ambient pressure.

This motor has an output that is independent of the immersion depth. This can be understood when looking through FIG. 3, in the design of which two working spaces 3 and 3 ^{f are} provided - and in which the complementary parts 8 'and 11' of the transfer chambers 8 and 11 are used, which were not used in the previous example are.

For the sake of clarity, only the chambers 3 and 3 ', the transfer chambers 8 and 8 ¹ , 11 and II ¹ ,

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the open lines (shown by thick lines as in the previous figures) and the closed ones Lines (in normal lines) illustrated. Under the action of the device 5 (not shown) happen the line changes, the filling processes, possibly the outflow of the non-condensable gases and the ignition processes exactly in the same way as in the previous example for each individual chamber, but of course in the opposite way Phase. In the working position illustrated in Figure 3 one can see that the outer water is his Pressure in the transfer chambers 11 and 8 'exerts, the two effects being compensated by the fact that the pistons are of the same diameter.

Of course, the embodiment can be a increased number of pressure reducing chambers included to regulate the output torque, and one could advantageously use a rotary mechanism of the type known per se pumps and hydraulic motors in order to realize the transfer functions more expediently, which is achieved here by the alternately moving cylinders and is achieved through the distribution. So that the one obtained in this way Motor remains insensitive to the value of the external pressure, it is necessary that the transmission chambers the inlet and outlet of the liquids always have approximately the same cylinder content.

One can also take into account the fact that the combustion of the hydrocarbons produces water, so that the volume of the liquids at the outlet is somewhat larger than the volume of the entering liquids, which means that the transfer chambers 8 and 8 'have a somewhat larger cylinder capacity obtained as the transfer chambers 11 and II ¹ .

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After all, it is not at all compulsory to take up the mechanical work that is in the form of a on the output shaft 17 occurring torque is supplied. You can also (without changing the principle) use only one shaft 17 for the purpose of driving or influencing additional parts or a reduced one To make force and to connect the transmission chamber 8 to a reservoir, the pressure of which is higher than the external pressure and which serves as a collector 26. You can also use the pressurized water produced in this way used to drive cylinder-piston devices or hydraulic motors, such as a motor 25 in Fig. 4.

The symmetrical arrangement of the two pressure reduction chambers according to Figure 3 is particularly tempting in this case, because the crank arrangement then only needs to support the forces associated with driving the additional parts.

The motors just described with reference to FIGS were based on a two-stroke cycle. Of course you can also run by a simple modification of the device 5 in such a way that it runs in a four-stroke cycle work with the classic: phases of suction, compression, pressure reduction and exhaust. Advantageously is the direct compression by re-injection of the water into the working space 3 with formation of the liquid piston is used to avoid excessive wetting of the flammable mixture .; in other In other words: only the phase referred to as exhausting contains an entry of atomized water in the form of a mist, the phase referred to as compression includes an entry of the water from below. For approximate setting of the Distribution, the execution is therefore the same as in Fig.4. Of course, in this case it is not necessary that the reservoirs 1 are under pressure. In Tables 1 and

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2 is the opening diagram of the various valves or flaps illustrated according to the cycle chosen.

Table I; Two-stroke cycle

Valve H. Engine cycle XXX Engine cycle XXX Valve 7 XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX Valve 14 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx Valve 20 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX Valve 22 XXXXXXXXX xxxxxxxxxxx Valve 2k XXX XXX Volume 11 increases reduced
themselves increases reduced
themselves

Table II; Four-stroke cycle

Valve 4 Engine cycle Omit Suction
XXXXXXXXXX Compress Valve 7 XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX Valve Ik xxxxxxxxxxxx XXXXXXXXXXJ XXXXXXXXXXXX Valve 20 XXXXXXXXXX Valve 22 xxxxxxxxxx Valve 2k XXX Volume 11 increases reduced
themselves increases reduced
themselves

XXXXXX designate the establishment of a connection.

Finally, according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the motor can be operated directly with a liquid or gaseous Means are applied that is suitable to generate work by reducing the pressure; this means can of

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a boiler containing a pressurized gas Reservoir or a combustion chamber 27 (see. Fig.4) derive, which is constantly from a combustible mixture from reservoirs 1 by unillustrated means which are pressure reducing valves can act if the reservoirs 1 are under pressure. The combustion reaction is constant in the chamber 27 is generated and the combustion gases are in the working space 3 through lines 28 via a distribution device 29 introduced through which the hot gas pipeline is established or opened by actuation of the device 5 and can be closed. In this case, the use of a motor with several pressure reducing chambers advantageous in the case of shifted cycles, so that the combustion chamber 27 is constantly in at least one pressure reduction chamber promotes.

Of course, the various in Fig.4 illustrated variants (gas discharge valve 24, output motor 25, exhaust manifold 26, independent combustion chamber 27) independently of one another and just as well in an arrangement with one cylinder (version of Fig. 2) as well as in an arrangement with two balanced cylinders (embodiment of Fig. 3).

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Claims (13)

Claims 1.] Hydraulic heat engine, with organs for extraction of energy from a liquid, thereby characterized in that at least one working space (3) is provided into which a working fluid, that can release energy through relaxation, or substances that can be introduced chemically can react and through their reaction a working fluid can be generated that can give off energy by relaxation, that also an injection line (e.g. 19) a cold liquid as well as a drain line (e.g. 6) for the named liquid and for condensed portions of the working fluid are provided, at least one of these two lines the organs penetrated to withdraw the energy. 2. Heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that that a check valve is inserted in the exhaust line. 3. Heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working space is partially filled with liquid filled and connected to at least two variable volume transfer chambers, each of which is connected to the same liquid reserve, the moving parts of these transfer chambers are mechanically interconnected and the volumes of these transfer chambers are constantly almost the same are, and that the opening and closing of the injection line and discharge line of the liquid by actuating elements, which are permanently coupled to the mechanical connection of these moving parts, is controlled according to a cycle in the course of this the work area alternates with each of the transmission 209839/0818 chambers is in communication, while the other transfer chamber is connected to the liquid reserve. 4. Heat engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the discharge lines (6) in the lower part of the working space (3) open. 5. Heat engine according to one of claims .1 or 3, characterized in that the liquid injection line (19) has organs (23) for atomizing this liquid at the entry into the working space (3). 6. Heat engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the actuators on organs for Produce the trigger from the work space (3) act. 7. Heat engine according to claim 3, characterized in that a complete working cycle of the actuators is carried out in the time required for the volume of the transfer chambers (e.g. 8 and 11) to increase and decrease once in each direction, the working space (3) is in communication with one transfer chamber during the increase in volume and with the other transfer chamber during the decrease in volume. 8. Heat engine according to claim 3, characterized in that a complete working cycle of the actuators and the distribution is carried out in the time required for the volume of the transfer chambers (e.g. 8 and 11) increases and decreases twice in each direction, the working space (3) with a 209839/081 6 the transfer chambers for three consecutive Stroke periods of time at which their volume increases twice and once decreases is in communication and wherein the working space with the other transfer chamber is connected during the fourth measure, when its volume decreases. 9. Heat engine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that through the actuators the working space (3) can be connected to a boiler in which the working fluid is exchanged with a external source is previously heated. 10. Heat engine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the actuators the Can connect working space (3) with a separate combustion chamber, which is between the fuel tank and the working space (3) is arranged. 11. Heat engine according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the two transmission chambers (e.g. 8 and 11) are coaxial with each other. 12. Heat engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable Parts of the transmission chambers (8 or 11) connecting mechanical connection contains a mechanical output shaft (17). 13. Heat engine according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the transfer chambers (e.g. 8 and 11) are connected to the liquid reserve by interposing a hydraulic motor (25) known per se. ^ 09839/0816 l4. Heat engine according to claim 13, characterized in that that a hydraulic collector (26) is connected to the inlet of the hydraulic motor (25). 15 · Heat engine according to claim 3 » characterized in that two transfer chambers (8 and 11) connected to a first working space (3) and the liquid reserve are connected to two further transfer chambers (8 ¹ and 11 ') of variable volume, the volumes of which are reversed Meaning can be changed to the previous ones and which are connected to a second working space (3 ¹ ) and the liquid reserve. 209839/0818 Blank page