DE2210193A1 - LOADING AND LIFTING MAGNETS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETIC FLOW AND FORCE GENERATION - Google Patents

Description

Load and lifting magnet with permanent magnetic flux and force generation Description It is known to be used as lifting magnets on cranes and the like. To use electromagnets.

As the security of the load clinging to the electrical supply current depends, so efforts have already been made to combine permanent magnet-electromagnetic Build systems. Here, ii is generally the permanent magnet as the core in a Coil arranged and full when the load is attached by an electrical pulse magnetized. Now no more current needs to flow to keep the load safe to keep.

If the load is to be released, a counter-current pulse is applied to the same coil (or also continuous current), which cancels the field.

After this current is interrupted, the permanent magnets remain not demagnetized, but severely weakened.

The impulses for magnetizing are relatively powerful, so that with larger lifting devices expensive electrical switching and control equipment are inevitable.

s is also known, u-sw- especially with brake magnets and clutches, the adhesive or functional force through permanent magnets with high coercive force (oxide magnets) to produce and to effect the cancellation of the force electromagnetically, the Weakening of the permanent magnets by counter magnetization is taken into account by providing in particular scattering bridges.

This is where the idea of the invention comes in. Selects as permanent magnetic Material Oxide (also Oxite) high coercive force with lower induction, so can one with plate-shaped design of the magnets (1) and the pole iron (2) very high Achieve adhesive forces.

Place now between the active point (pole face) and P-magnets Coils (4) on the pole iron, so can be done by electromagnetic counteraction suppress the active flux at the poles down to zero without affecting the P magnets in the slightest be weakened.

The cause of the effect was found to be that in such a System (to a certain extent depending on the construction) form leakage fluxes that a residual induction to the oxide material even with counter magnetization at the poles allowed to keep, which is above the kink of the magnetization curve.

The type of construction and size of the whole system have a certain degree Influence on these conditions.

But you can always through various considerations and measures achieve that a weakening of the P-magnets is excluded.

Choosing the right magnet material is very important to.

It must not only be an oxide material (generally also called barium ferrite called), but also the coercive force-emphasized special qualities be whose kink in the magnetization curve at very high demagnetizing Field strengths.

An additional air gap between P-magnets and pole iron and (or) a scatter bridge can increase the scatter so that the P magnets even more be spared. The grooving force of the system need hardly be adversely affected will.

The main part of such an adhesive and lifting magnet according to the invention lies in the fact that the additional electrical system is simplified to the last and that both with little copper (for the coils) and with low copper electrical services.

Other advantages are the low price of the oxide magnets, as well in being independent of (I pula) magnetizing (that too with certain uncertainties would be affected).

Mine special variant of the lifting magnets according to the invention is where an electromagnetically controlled bridge is placed on the back of the system, through which the magnetic flux that is to be extinguished in the front is sucked off to the rear will.

In this way, even with more difficult constructions, in * the case, a protection of the magnets from demagnetization.

In order to achieve good cancellation of the front flow of action, one in front at the same time turn on a smaller coil with that the rest of the flow compensated away.

Finally, the arrangement according to the invention is also suitable for clamping plates, of which there are already numerous constructions with electromagnetic or permanent magnetic adhesion.

The advantages of the new system for this application are esp.

following s No heating of the plate by electrical current None Mechanics difficult to operate. Substantially cheaper construction. Leicbe replaced by Push of a button But there is still a special advantage to add t that is otherwise in the Usually very difficult demagnetization of the plates and the processed objects by current impulses, the polarity of which is reversed and gradually weakened, the new, inventive design not insignificantly simplified, because a polarity reversal of the electricity is omitted.

All that is needed is stronger and weaker current impulses at the same time Direction are given, which end with a medium strong current, which is just the Field strength corresponds to noll.

Also simple holding magnets for general use (e.g. in the shape of a pot) can work according to this principle of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a two-pole magnet with a plate P magnet (1), two flank poles (2) and two quenching coils (4).

Fig. 2 shows a three-pole magnet with two plate magnets (1), three pole iron plates (2 and 3) and an extinguishing coil (4).

Between the center pole iron (2) and the magnetic plates (1) are non-magnetic Spacer discs arranged to increase the magnetic resistance. On the On the back there is a scattering bridge (5), which is created by non-magnetic intermediate layers (6) is distanced from the magnetic pole iron.

Fig. 3 shows a 5-pole magnet with four permanent magnetic plates (1) and two Lösghspulen (4) Fig. 4 finally shows a magnet with a rear Flux suction The iron (5) with the coil (4) is through non-magnetic intermediate layers (6) distanced from the main magnet (1, 2, 3).

When the suction coil (4) is switched on, the front Coil (7) is also switched on, so that the best field is also completely deleted.

Claims (11)

Claims 1. Load and lifting magnet with permanent magnetic flux and force generation and electromagnetic flux cancellation (cancellation), characterized in that plate-shaped Permanent magnets or permanent magnet blocks (1) with plate-shaped pole iron elements (2,3) are joined together that under the board of the pole iron on one side of the entire block Active poles are formed and that coils (4) are arranged on the protruding pole iron by which the magnetic flux at the active poles is canceled when the power is switched on will. 2.- Las- and lifting magnet according to 1.- characterized in that the Ratio of the flow cross-sections between pole iron and permanent magnets is held at 1: 6 to 1:12. 3.- Load and lift magnet like. 1.- to 2.- characterized by that the quenching coils are dimensioned as short as possible in the direction of the magnetic flux are. 4.- load and lifting magnet according to 1.- to 3.- characterized by that as a magnetic material barium ferrite, u.zw. the qualities of the highest coercive force, or also Suarium-Kdbalt can be used. 5.- Load and lift magnet like. 1.- to 4.- characterized by that a two-pole system is related to a magnetic plate and two quenching coils will. 6.- load and lifting magnet according to 1.- to 4.- characterized by that a three-pole system with two magnetic plates and an extinguishing coil is related will. 7.- Load and HebeLMagnet according to 1.- to 4.- characterized by that an x-pole system with x - 1 coils is used. 2 8.- Load and lifting magnet according to 1.- to 4.- characterized by that a pot-shaped system with a round magnetic disk and an extinguishing coil lying there to use cost. 9.- load and lifting magnet according to 1.- to 8.- characterized by that between the quenching coil and magnet plates non-magnetic gaps as resistance are arranged. 10.- Load and lifting magnet according to 1.- to 9.- characterized by that scattering bridges are provided to increase the magnetic scattering (Fig 2 (5)). 11.- load and lifting magnet according to 1.- to 9.- characterized by that a back scattering bridge with a coil for magnetic flux suction is provided (Figure 4 (5)).