DE2205428C3 - Stamps and procedures for making and verifying the same - Google Patents
Stamps and procedures for making and verifying the sameInfo
- Publication number
- DE2205428C3 DE2205428C3 DE2205428A DE2205428A DE2205428C3 DE 2205428 C3 DE2205428 C3 DE 2205428C3 DE 2205428 A DE2205428 A DE 2205428A DE 2205428 A DE2205428 A DE 2205428A DE 2205428 C3 DE2205428 C3 DE 2205428C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- holes
- stamp
- information
- metal foil
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
- B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/23—Identity cards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/346—Perforations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/373—Metallic materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/17—Apparatus characterised by positioning means or by means responsive to positioning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
Description
Außerdem sind Kreditkarten mit einem magneti- 0,05 mm auf. Die weiteren in der F i g. 1 verwendetenIn addition, credit cards with a magnetic 0.05 mm are on. The other in FIG. 1 used
sehen Informationsträger bekannt, der unter anderem 65 Bezugszahlen werden bei der Beschreibung der Fi g. 2see information carrier known, including 65 reference numbers are used in the description of Fi g. 2
die Echtheit der Kreditkarte ausweisende Inlormatio- erläutert.Inlormatio- explained the authenticity of the credit card.
nen enthält. Solche magnetischen Informationsträger Die F i g. 2 zeigt einen Teil der bandförmigencontains. Such magnetic information carriers The F i g. 2 shows part of the band-shaped
können verhältnismäßig leicht gefälscht werden. Folie 2 in der Draufsicht. In die Folie sind Informa-can be forged relatively easily. Slide 2 in plan view. The slide contains information
bei der Echthenat the real ones
tionen in Form mikroskopisch kleiner, durchgehen- kann auch eine Folie aus chemise "'rwchmesserii
der Löcher 3, 4 und 5 eingegeben. Die in einer oder Metall verwendet werden, wenn aer ^^ der
in mehreren Reihen angeordneten Löcher 3 und 5 bzw. die Breite b der Locher£e8e™^o„nt<,n Fi,l1p
stellen Informationen in Codeform und die Löcher4 Folie klein gewählt wird, im
Schriftzeichen oder Figuren dar. Mit gleichen Abständen in Reihe angeordnete weitere Löcher 6 ermöglichen
bei der Ablesung der Informationen die
Positionierung des Lesekopfes auf dem Wertzeichen.A sheet of chemise "'rwchmesserii of the holes 3, 4 and 5 can also be entered in the form of microscopically smaller, continuous. Those in one or metal are used if aer ^^ of the holes 3 and 5, respectively, which are arranged in several rows Width b of the perforators £ e 8 e ™ ^ o " nt < , n Fi , l1p represent information in code form and the holes4 film is chosen small, in characters or figures. Equally spaced further holes 6 arranged in a row enable reading the information the
Positioning of the reading head on the stamp.
Die Löcher 3 bis 6 in der Folie 2 werden mit Hilfe von Laserstrahlen oder Elektronenstrahlen auf wirtschaftliche Weise erzeugt, wobei die hierzu erforderlichen einmaligen, aber sehr hohen Investitionen eine Fälschung als nicht lohnenswert erscheinen lassen. Durch die Anwendung von Laserstrahlen oder Elektronenstrahlen können in der Folie 2 Löcher von fast beliebiger Feinheit erzeugt werden.The holes 3 to 6 in the foil 2 are made economical with the help of laser beams or electron beams Wise generated, with the one-time, but very high investment required for this a Make falsification not worthwhile. By using laser beams or electron beams 2 holes of almost any fineness can be created in the film.
Bei der Echtheitsprüfung des beschriebenen Wertzeichens werden die auf die Folie eingegebenen Informationen mit Hilfe von Licht- oder Korpuskularstrahlen (z. B. /i-Strahlen) abgetastet, gelesen und verarbeitet. Prüflinge, welche die Echtheit des Wertzeichens ausweisende Informationen nicht enthalten, werden als Falsifikate ausgeschieden. Der Echtheitstest gilt ebenfalls als nicht bestanden, wenn der During the authenticity check of the written stamp, the information entered on the film is scanned, read and processed with the aid of light or corpuscular rays (e.g. / i rays). Test items which do not contain information proving the authenticity of the stamp will be rejected as counterfeit certificates. The authenticity test is also considered failed if the
Durchmesser^ bzw. die Breite ft (Fig. 2) der Löcher 3 25 der Folie individuelle uaien UCB ^'"TT" ~;werd bis 5 einen vorgegebenen Wert überschreitet. Auch zeichens, ζ. B. dessen Nummer g«PJ>««£ .™™ Art des Folienmaterials kann als Prüfkriterium sollen. Löcher dieser ^J^JJngen nicht nur dieDiameter ^ or the width ft (Fig. 2) of the holes 3 25 of the film individual uaien UCB ^ '"TT"~; will exceed a specified value by 5. Also sign, ζ. B. its number g «PJ>« «£. ™ Autovermietung The type of film material can be used as a test criterion. Holes of these not only those
Licht Destrahlt, so daß sich b
ein größerer austretender
einem zylindrischen Loch.Light destrays so that b
a larger exiting one
a cylindrical hole.
stentes Folienmaterial wird f^r|^eits stentes film material is f ^ r | ^ ince s
Kupfer verwendet; dies gestattet bei der Echthen nrüfuna der Wertzeichen eine einfache Material Ä durch eine elektrische ^f^^S-Die in Form von Löchern in die Folie eingegc benen nformSionen können z. B. die Gattung ooer die Serie des betreffenden Wertzeichens kennzeichnen In diesem Falle werden die Löcher vorzugsweise 'der Verewigung von Folie und Wertzeichen er-Used copper; This allows a simple material Ä through an electrical ^ f ^^ S in the real use of stamps. B. the type or the series of the stamp in question. In this case, the holes are preferably used to perpetuate the foil and stamps.
Die Löcher können aber auch erst am gedruckten, mit der Folie vereinigten Wertzeichen erzeugt werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft^Hm auf der Folie individuelle Daten des betreffenden Wert-N gespeichert werdenThe holes can also only be made on the printed, stamps united with the film are generated. This is particularly advantageous ^ Hm on individual data of the relevant value-N are saved on the slide
die
gelten.the
be valid.
Eine Fälschung wird um so schwieriger, je kleiner
der Durchmesser d bzw. die Breite ft der Löcher gewählt wird. Bei der Wahl eines Nennwertes von höchstens
0,02 mm scheiden einem Fälscher leicht zugängliche Bearbeitungsverfahren wie Bohren, Funkenerosion,
Stechen usw. aus technischen Gründen Sien i.öcher dieser
mit 5 bezeichnet. SieCounterfeiting becomes more difficult, the smaller the diameter d or the width ft of the holes is chosen. When choosing a nominal value of no more than 0.02 mm, a forger will not be able to use easily accessible machining processes such as drilling, spark erosion, grooving, etc. for technical reasons
denoted by 5. she
mit 5 bezeichnet. Sie durchdrgdenoted by 5. You pierce
Folie 2, sondern auch die sie umgebende Pap.er-Slide 2, but also the paper surrounding it.
Beim Drucken von Banknoten u. dgl. treten unvermeidbare Streuungen der Druck- und Farbeigenschaften auf. Bei beidseitig bedruckten Wertzeichen erge-When printing banknotes and the like, there are unavoidable scattering of the printing and color properties on. In the case of stamps printed on both sides,
kenerosion, Mecnen usw. aus teennisenen urunuen ben sich auch Verschiebungen der beiden Druckeerosion, mecnen, etc. from teenagers urunu also show displacements of the two pressures
aus oder erweisen sich bei einer gegebenen Informa- 35 gegeneinander. Diese Tatsache gestattet, gegebeneor prove to be against each other with a given piece of information. This fact allows given
tionsdichte als unrentabel. individuelle Größen des Wertzeichens beispielsweisetion density as unprofitable. individual sizes of the stamp, for example
Die Wahl des Folienmaterials erfolgt auf Grund durch Transmissions- oder ReflexionsmessungenThe choice of film material is based on transmission or reflection measurements
des geforderten Sicherheitsgrades. Bei Fahrkarten beispielsweise, die zu fälschen eine kaum lohnens-the required level of security. In the case of tickets, for example, which are hardly worthwhile to forge
werte Aufgabe darstellt, wird es in den meisten Fällen genügen, die Folie aus einem Kunststoff herzustellen, der zur Erzielung eines für die Prüfstrahlenis a worthwhile task, in most cases it will be sufficient to produce the film from a plastic, to achieve one for the test beams
geringen Transmissionsvermögens gefärbt ist. Hierbeilow transmittance is colored. Here
sind zwar Fälschungen durch fotomechanische oderare indeed fakes by photomechanical or
chemische verfahren allenfalls noch denkbar, infolge der sehr kleinen Abmessungen der Löcher aber doch nur sehr schwer durchführbar. Außerdem können fotomechanische Verfahren ohne Ätzprozeß durch die Wahl einer metallbeschichteten Kunststoffolie erschwert werden.Chemical v out most conceivable, due to the very small size of the holes but very difficult to implement. In addition, photomechanical processes without an etching process can be made more difficult by the choice of a metal-coated plastic film.
Chemische Verfahren zur Erzeugung von LöchernChemical processes for creating holes
der angegebenen Dimensionen können durch dieof the specified dimensions can be replaced by the
Wahl einer Folie aus chemisch schwer angreifbarem Metall, z. B. Tantal, ausgeschlossen werden. Ferner exakt zu messen und die so gewonnenen Meßwerte in codierter Form auf der Folie zu speichern.Choice of a foil made of chemically difficult to attack metal, e.g. B. tantalum, are excluded. Further to measure exactly and to store the measured values obtained in this way in coded form on the film.
Auf der Folie können auch Daten gespeichert werden, die die Stellen auf dem Wertzeichen angeben, an denen die individuellen Größen gemessen wurden. Die Messung kann beispielsweise in einem vorgegebenen Abstand entlang einer Seite der Folie erfolgen.Data can also be stored on the film, which indicate the places on the stamp, on which the individual sizes were measured. The measurement can, for example, in a predetermined Spacing along one side of the slide.
Dieser Abstand kann für jedes Wertzeichen individuell gewählt und in codierter Form in die Folie eingegeben werden.This distance can be selected individually for each stamp and in coded form in the film can be entered.
Bei der Echtheitsprüfung werden die gleichen individuellen Größen am Prüfling nachgemessen und dieDuring the authenticity check, the same individual sizes are measured on the test item and the
Meßwerte mit den auf der Folie gespeicherten Werten verglichen. Hierbei kann ein Falsifikat, dessen Druck und dessen Folie für sich allein betrachtet als echt befunden würden, dennoch als solches erkannt werden.The measured values are compared with the values stored on the film. A falsified certificate can be printed and whose film would be found to be genuine, viewed on its own, would nevertheless be recognized as such will.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
Claims (7)
pisch kleinen Löchern (3, 4,5) vorhanden ist. io Es ist auch bekannt, in nicht metallischen Urkun-1. To provide stamps with an information carrier, moderate holes. Furthermore, the identity is entered in the form of continuous holes information documents with punched coded hole markings, which the authenticity of the valuation is known - Apparatus expense, so that here too, without a substantial film (2) of very small thickness, with microscopic difficulties, forgeries are possible,
pisch small holes (3, 4.5) is available. io It is also known that in non-metallic documents
folie (2) gespeichert werden und daß bei der Prü- Beim heutigen Stand der Technik können zur Herfung des Wertzeichens die auf der Metallfolie ge- 35 stellung von Wertzeichen der erfindungsgemäßen Art speicherten Daten mit den am Wertzeichen nach- die Löcher nur mit Hilfe von Laserstrahlen oder gemessenen Schwankungen verglichen werden. Elektronenstrahlen erzeugt werden. Sogar chemischeto 5, characterized in that during the manufacture of the stamp according to the invention, it is normally proposed that fluctuations in the printed image and the tall film of very small thickness with microscopic color properties are measured as the information carrier and on the Metal small holes are present.
foil (2) are stored and that during the test, the data stored on the metal foil can only be used to produce the stamp with the help of laser beams or measured fluctuations can be compared. Electron beams are generated. Even chemical ones
fühlbare Folie erlaubt eine einfache und rasche Prü- Es zeigtis inserted. This clearly visible and also easily purifies.
tactile film allows easy and quick testing
Folie in die Papierschicht erfordert einen aufwendi- Fig. 2 eine Folie in Draufsicht,verifying the authenticity of the banknote; the incorporation of 55 Fig. 1 a stamp in sectional view and
Foil in the paper layer requires an elaborate Fig. 2 a foil in plan view,
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH425071A CH529395A (en) | 1971-03-23 | 1971-03-23 | Process for producing a stamp |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2205428A1 DE2205428A1 (en) | 1972-11-02 |
DE2205428B2 DE2205428B2 (en) | 1973-05-03 |
DE2205428C3 true DE2205428C3 (en) | 1973-11-29 |
Family
ID=4272595
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2205428A Expired DE2205428C3 (en) | 1971-03-23 | 1972-02-02 | Stamps and procedures for making and verifying the same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT307110B (en) |
BE (1) | BE781139A (en) |
CH (1) | CH529395A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2205428C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2132045B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1319928A (en) |
IT (1) | IT950455B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7108218A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1986002047A1 (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-04-10 | Kuhns Roger J | Curtailment of tampering |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1552853A (en) * | 1976-09-24 | 1979-09-19 | Bank Of England | Authentication devices |
GB1585533A (en) * | 1976-12-07 | 1981-03-04 | Portals Ltd | Security papers |
EP0057271B1 (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1984-10-10 | LGZ LANDIS & GYR ZUG AG | Method for preventing the sucessful forgery of documents and device therefor |
GB2185440A (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-22 | Sato Kenneth Douglas | Magnetic card |
IN173621B (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1994-06-18 | Portals Ltd | |
EP0330733B1 (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1994-01-26 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH | Thread- or strip-like security element to be included in a security document, and a method of manufacturing same |
NL9400498A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-11-01 | Iai Bv | Patterned value carrier provided with a laser beam. |
US6328342B1 (en) | 1995-08-01 | 2001-12-11 | Boris Ilich Belousov | Tape data carrier, method and device for manufacturing the same |
DE19934434B4 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2006-10-05 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Value and security certificate with microchannels |
BR0212771A (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2004-10-13 | Orell F Ssli Sicherheitsdruck | Security Document and Verification Method |
US8171567B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2012-05-01 | Tracer Detection Technology Corp. | Authentication method and system |
CN101164797B (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2012-07-18 | Jds尤尼费斯公司 | Security thread |
CN100527152C (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2009-08-12 | 英根亚技术有限公司 | Methods and apparatuses for authenticatable printed articles and subsequently verifying them |
CA2559283C (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2014-08-26 | Russell Paul Cowburn | Authenticity verification methods, products and apparatuses |
GB2417592B (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2006-07-26 | Ingenia Technology Ltd | Authenticity verification of articles |
GB2444139B (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2008-11-12 | Ingenia Technology Ltd | Authenticity verification methods products and apparatuses |
WO2007012816A1 (en) | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-01 | Ingenia Technology Limited | Verification of authenticity |
EP2110776B1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2012-10-31 | Ingenia Holdings Limited | Optical authentication |
CA2598007A1 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2008-02-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Printed article with special effect coating |
DE102007025860A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-04 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Security document and method for its production |
GB2466311B (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-11-03 | Ingenia Holdings | Self-calibration of a matching algorithm for determining authenticity |
GB2476226B (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2012-03-28 | Ingenia Holdings Ltd | Optimisation |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3474457A (en) * | 1967-11-13 | 1969-10-21 | Precision Instr Co | Laser recording apparatus |
-
1971
- 1971-03-23 CH CH425071A patent/CH529395A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-06-15 NL NL7108218A patent/NL7108218A/xx unknown
-
1972
- 1972-02-02 DE DE2205428A patent/DE2205428C3/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-06 AT AT183872A patent/AT307110B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-14 GB GB1179772A patent/GB1319928A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-22 FR FR7210005A patent/FR2132045B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-03-22 IT IT2220472A patent/IT950455B/en active
- 1972-03-23 BE BE781139A patent/BE781139A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1986002047A1 (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-04-10 | Kuhns Roger J | Curtailment of tampering |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE781139A (en) | 1972-07-17 |
FR2132045A1 (en) | 1972-11-17 |
IT950455B (en) | 1973-06-20 |
NL7108218A (en) | 1972-09-26 |
GB1319928A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
FR2132045B1 (en) | 1976-06-11 |
AT307110B (en) | 1973-05-10 |
CH529395A (en) | 1972-10-15 |
DE2205428B2 (en) | 1973-05-03 |
DE2205428A1 (en) | 1972-11-02 |
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