DE2164284A1 - Seal, especially for electrolysis and dialysis cells - Google Patents

Description

ASAIII KASEI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISIIA
Osaka, Japan

Seal, especially for electrolysis and dialysis cells

Priority: December 23, 197o / Japan Registration No .: 117l4o / 7o

The invention relates to a seal, in particular for electrolysis cells and electrical dialysis cells that are made up of several sections. The seal according to the invention allows the construction of electrolytic cells and dialysis cells of thinner sections or chambers so that the overall size of the cells is reduced and has moreover, the economic advantage that in use the tension is reduced. The invention relates in particular to such electrolysis cells and dialysis cells of several sections, which by stacking

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stack of sealing elements, electrodes and partitions forming the individual cells and by pressing them together of the stack with a press, for example a filter press, which the individual parts in their respective Determines position and thus the inner cells and common fluid passages "forms, are produced.

With the usual, with layering disks or plates built-up electrolysis and dialysis cell structures serve the plates themselves as a seal, so that they are resilient compliant fabrics are made. As a result, there is a risk that guide channels in the individual cells into the the common liquid lines or passages open, become deformed. It is also particularly difficult to prevent the liquid from escaping.

In a known cell structure, for example, in which the individual frame parts formed by corresponding Sections or chambers each with straight passages are in connection, which open into the individual sections at corresponding guide channels delimited by spacer elements, migrate ion exchange films or walls on opposite sides of the individual passage openings and frame parts made of soft material in the vicinity of the ion " 'Exchanger walls partially in recesses that are in the Frame parts for the guide channels are what leads to leaks between adjacent cells. It is extremely difficult to do this with the aforementioned cell constructions to prevent leaks occurring, so that no safe operation of the cell can be expected.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a seal to create that from a combination of parts made of resilient, soft material and parts consists of hard material and where the liquid escapes

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to the extent that it can be prevented that safe operation of the cell structure is guaranteed.

According to the invention, a seal is provided which comprises a first sealing element which consists of a Plate made of a resilient, soft material with excellent electrical insulating properties "and is unformed with holes, which are common Form passages, as well as with a central opening that forms a chamber. Furthermore, the first sealing element is provided with guide walls made of a hard, difficult to deform material with excellent electrical properties insulating properties are made and formed with corresponding holes, each with their associated Holes in the plate as well as with a guide channel in communication that of the plate and the corresponding guide wall is limited. The seal according to the invention further comprises in a paired arrangement. a second sealing element, which is a second plate slus a hard, difficult to deform material with excellent comprises electrically insulating properties and a third plate made of a soft material. Included holes are formed in the second and third plate, which form the common passages with, as well Openings defining the chamber and the first sealing element is sandwiched between two sealing elements of the second type, which are provided in pairs. If necessary, the second sealing element can be a further one Platelets made from a resilient, soft material with excellent electrically insulating properties include, in which holes are formed which form the aforementioned common passages with, and a central one Opening that forms the aforementioned chamber. This additional plate is on that side of the second plate ice hard material provided, like the third plate from the soft material opposite. Under the expression

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"Hard material" in the present context is a To understand material whose hardness is so great that the plate made of hard material itself is not essential contracted; if the associated plate is made of soft Material contracts / because with such a fastening force it is brought into so close contact with the hard platelet that prevents liquid from escaping; in other words, that means that the hard platelet The material and the soft material differ from one another in terms of their compression resistance, the soft fc material contracts by compression, while the hard material does not essentially contract. More accurate should be said when pressing a stack of platelets made of hard and soft material, in which the platelet made of soft material shrinks by approx. Io%, the platelet made of hard material by a maximum of 0.5%, preferably shrink by 0.1% at most. In addition, the parts forming the guide walls should be made of hard material are made, be thinner than the plate from which material.

By stacking sealing elements of the above-mentioned type together with electrodes and partition walls w ' and by uniformly connecting the stacked parts by means of a press, for example a filter press, it is possible to create an electrolysis or dialysis cell structure without the guide channels being deformed, so that leaks within the cell structure and leakage of liquid to the outside are prevented to a sufficient extent.

The invention and advantageous details of the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of schematic drawings of an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Pig. 1 is a perspective view of a sealing element according to the invention;

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"*" 216 4 2 8 A

Pig. Figure 2 is a section along line 2-2 in Figure 1;

3 is a perspective view of a another sealing element according to the invention, which Guide channels "forms;

Pig. 4 a ^ section along line 4-4 in Pig. 3; ·

Pig. 5 shows a section through an electrolytic cell _{β thawed from sealing elements according to the invention}

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, guide channels are grounded in a section or chamber of an electrolysis cell or dialyning cell which are connected to inlet and outlet fluid channels, each bordered by parts that form guide elements made of a hard material that is difficult to deform, which are fitted into a plate, which is thicker than the guide walls, made of a resilient, flexible, v / oak material heroestel.lt and is sandwiched between two plates made of a hard material. V7enn this layer structure is zusamnenaenreßt, the close contact between the plates of hard and soft material is required, without substantial deformation of the Führunaskanäle occurs, so that a leakage of fluid within the cell structure is gradually outwardly prevents out in sufficient ¹ degree. In order to achieve a more effective leakage prevention according to the invention, the platelets made of resilient, soft material are preferably allowed to shrink by about 5 to 20%. Furthermore, the guide walls, which are thinner than the platelets made of soft material in which they are inserted , are brought into contact with the platelets made of hard material on the two opposite sides when the said platelet made of soft material shrinks due to compression. Preferably, the thickness of the parts forming the guide walls corresponds essentially to the thickness of the approx. 5 to * 2o%

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shriveled, contacting platelets ;? made of soft material. Since the guide channels are not deformed, the Flow resistance are kept constant in the same.

The invention will now be illustrated with reference to the drawings Detailed example explained in more detail. In Fiα. 1 and 2 are a rectangular plate 11 made of a hard and heavy one The material to be deformed and a rectangular plate 12 shown from a soft and resilient nachrriebiaen material. Both platelets are electrically insulating and connected to one another, optionally by a binding agent. They are in formed near their four corners with holes 13, 14, 15 and 16, which each form common lines or passages in these and other corresponding plates. You are further provided in the middle with rectangular openings 17 and 18, which BEZW an electrolytic cell. Form chamber ". The sealing element is denoted by 5 as a whole.

3 and 4 show another sealing element 6, which is constructed from a rectangular plate 21 made of a soft, resilient material. The platelet is provided with holes 24 and 25 in the vicinity of two diagonally opposite corners. It's also in the Center with a rectangular opening. 27 formed the one Electrolysis chamber forms. Furthermore, the plate is close to its other two, diagonally opposite one another Corners formed with cutouts or depressions 19 and 20 which merge into the central opening 27. Elongated Wall elements 28 and 29 made of a somewhat harder material than the plate 21 are in their position in the upper or lower area of the opening 27 firmly attached. They are used to limit guide channels 30 and 31 · In to in Recesses 19 and 20 reaching parts Bind the wall elements

iä-

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28 and 29 formed with a hole 23 and 26 respectively. the Dimensions and the shape of the central rectangular window, which is formed by the plate 21 and the walls 28 and 29 is delimited are selected so that they correspond to the central opening in the sealing element 5. So if the individual sealing elements are put together, the respective openings and windows form electrolysis cells bezv /. Chambers *

(In the first place, hard or practically hard synthetic materials serve the invention manufactured plastics, e.g. hard polyvinyl chloride, heat-resistant polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, hard polyethylene, Polyacetal and glass fiber reinforced plastics as well as ebonite, which are difficult to deform and excellent electrical Have insulating ability, as a hard material for the plate 11 and the VJandelemente 28 and 29, while resilient materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, soft Polyethylene and various soft rubbers which are excellent have electrical insulation properties, for which plates 12 and 21 can be used.

iysezeile, Pig. 5 shows in section the Au * ^u rn'M "* v mp.hr" bu £ iqen electrical / ^ale from the above-mentioned sealing elements of the invention is composed according to. A sealing element 5 with holes 13§ H, 15 and 16 for the common passages 35 and 36, for example the sealing element located furthest to the left in the drawing is in contact on one side with one side of a sealing element 6, which guide walls 28 and 29 as well Holes 23 uiid 26, the other side of which is in turn in contact with a further sealing element 5b, which has the same structure as the sealing element % but is arranged in reverse with respect to these. These sealing elements form a group of seals, with a composite electrode 38 on one side and a composite electrode 38 on the other

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rait a partition 39 is in contact, which in turn is again in contact with a second seal Q group, which is of the same structure as the first group, however is provided in the reverse arrangement and with the turn a "second composite electrode on its other side is in contact. In this way, cathodic and anodic electrolysis chambers are MO and 41 formed by the corresponding sealing groups, each consisting of two sealing elements 5 and one sealing element 6 consist and alternately arranged reversed and alternately arranged in between compound Electrodes38 resp. Partitions 39 are separated from one another. Each composite electrode 38 delimits its Cathode side a cathode chamber and on its anode side an anode chamber.

The electrodes 38 and the partition walls 39 are respectively of corresponding outer frame parts "45 and 46 and 48, respectively surrounded, of which holes 43 and for the common passages 35 and 36 are formed in the frame 45 and 46. Corresponding spacer elements 47 made of a material such as

soft vinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride or a copolymer of mainly vinylidene chloride and few names of other unsaturated compounds are arranged within the individual cans 4o and 41. the Plates, electrodes and tremws, which are described in the above «

Way stacked on top of each other are integrated and form by pressing the stack together with a press in this way the electrolytic cell structure. The material of the individual parts should be used in the electrolysis cells taking into account the operating temperature of the cell, the electrolyte substances and the electrolytic products to get voted. In the sealing elements according to the The electrolytic cell constructed in accordance with the invention is the largest part of the inner walls in contact with the electrolyte made of a hard material, so that the anior

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Changes to the soft materials in terms of resistance to chemicals and heat in accordance with the invention does not need to be strict. Ed is also possible to choose cheap materials. Because of this the invention is particularly useful, for example, for saline electrolytic cells.

The example described below is intended to explain the invention in more detail.

An electrolytic cell structure according to FIG. 5 was produced with a press. The platelets 11 consisted of heat-resistant vinyl chloride, while for the plates 12 and 21 nitrile rubber and for the guide walls 28 and 29 hard polyethylene rubber wafers were used. The platelets 11 had a thickness of 1.0 mm, the platelets 12 a thickness of 0.2 mm, the platelets a thickness of 1.65 mm and the guide walls / thickness of 1.50 mm. The dimensions of the seals were chosen so that they were 300 mm by 600 mm, while the dimensions of the electrolysis chambers were 200 mm 300 mm. The electrodes 38 each consisted of a titanium plate in a thickness of 2.8 mm, one side of which to create a cathode with a 1.0 mm thick platinum coating while the other side was plated with nickel to create an anode. the Electrodes were surrounded by outer frame elements 45 and 46 made of nitrile rubber and were provided with leads 49 Mistake. The partition walls 39 each consisted of a positive ion-substituted film based on Styrene and divinylbenzene and had a thickness of 1.0 mm. The external dimensions of the partition walls were 240 mm 340 mm, and they were of outer frame members 48 made of nitrile rubber plates surrounded, in which holes 42 were formed, which had the same thickness as the partition walls themselves " For the spacer elements 47, polypropylene fiber was used.

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turn'. The common passages 44, which are formed by holes 13 » 23 »K and 16, 26, 15 were formed (passage of the holes 13 not visible) were in connection with cathode chimneys, while the common passages 45 led by holes H, 24, 13 and 15, 25, 16 were formed (passage of the holes 15 not visible) in connection with anode chambers. Since the composed of sealing elements 5, 6 and 5b, successive Sealing groups were arranged alternately reversed, were also alternating cathode and Anode chambers 40 and 41 formed so that the liquids from the two chambers do not mix in the passages could. The exchange of ions took place through the partition walls 39 separating adjacent cathode and anode chambers.

The electrolytic cell according to the above example is v / urde Held in operation for 24 hours under predetermined conditions, with 5N NaCl respectively. 5N HaOH as cathode and anode liquid served, the liquid temperature 70 C, the current density 15 A / dm · and the average speed the liquid flow through the electrical

betrua

lysis chambers 10 cm / sec /, As a result, there was no leakage of the electrolysis * liquid to the outside the cell structure. Also within the cell structure there was no Liquid leakage detected based on changes in the concentration of chlorine ions in the anolyte, such as the Table below shows. Eü no bends or deformations of the parts delimiting the guide channels were found either.

Tabel
Operating time (in hours) 0 6 12 18 24 Chlorine ion concentration

in anolyte (in ppm) 25 23 21 21 20

SAD ORiGlNAL

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Claims (1)

P a t e η t a η s ρ r u c h Seal, in particular for electrolysis and dialysis cells, characterized by a first sealing element (6) with a washer (21) made of a resilient, flexible, soft material in which common DurchlMR.se forming Holes (24, 25) and a central opening forming a chamber (27) are uneducated and also guide wall elements (28, 29) made of a hard material, which are thinner than the disk made of resilient, soft material and in which holes (23, 26) are formed and the guide channels (3o, 31) form, which of the disc 21 and the respective Führunrrrswandelement are limited, and by the first in pairs
Sealing element (6) / arranged second sealing elements (5, 5b) each having a disk 11 made of a hard material and a disk (12) made of a soft material, in which holes (13, 14, 15, 16 ) and chamber-forming openings (17, 18) are formed, the first sealing element (6) being clamped between the pair of second sealing elements (5, 5b) and the respective disk (11) made of hard material being held in place with such strong pressure that an escape of liquid is prevented without the platelet being significantly compressed, while the disk made of resilient, soft material is pressed together without the guide channels being significantly deformed. 209828/1001 ^ßÄD ι ^A ■ * Blank page