DE2163484A1 - Conversion of refuse or industrial wastes - into useful materials by incineration, followed by melting and treatment of the ash - Google Patents

Abstract

In a process for the conversion of rubbish or industrial waste materials into a useful product, the waste is burnt or gasified using an auxiliary fuel if required and the resultant ash is transferred to a melting furnace. The molten ash is treated chemically with additives, aerated and poured into moulds to make building blocks or quenched to give a granular building material. The resultant product contains no combustible or water soluble residue. The melting furnace is comparatively small and explosions due to combustible gases are eliminated.

Description

Methods of processing garbage, industrial waste and the like to recyclable materials Those in pre-incineration plants, especially in the case of waste incineration and the incineration of industrial residues such as bleaching earth, etc. Slag or coke resulting from degassing, bring about their disposal due to dumping on heaps etc. and also serious ones if they are recycled elsewhere Problems.

So far, slag from burns carried out on grates and also those from melting chamber furnaces immediately after leaving the grates or extinguished in the melting chamber in the so-called slag channel.

In the event of incomplete incineration, especially in the case of waste incineration, slag accumulates, which is still unburned and inorganic and organic, Contain water-soluble components.

Dissolves when quenching the slag with water in the slag channel the non-evaporated, run-off extinguishing water the soluble substances from the slag. They become so the sewage treatment plants and, if these are missing, the watercourses and the groundwater fed.

When dumped on heaps, the soluble substances are caused by rainwater etc. dissolved and fed to the groundwater and thus the drinking water wells and springs.

The slags can be because of the soluble and because of possibly Difficult to process unburned components into building materials.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing of garbage, industrial waste, etc.

to create usable materials from which no substances from Can be dissolved in water and which do not contain any unburned components.

This object is essentially achieved by.

that garbage, industrial waste or the like in.

tracks known per se, possibly with the addition of fuel be burned and / or degassed, the resulting slag is then melted and then the melt in a known manner by pouring, spinning, Quenching, etc.

will be processed into usable materials by melting Soluble compounds still contained in the slag evaporate or become insoluble Connections transferred. Combustible substances still contained in the slag burn when melting.

The melt can be poured into molds and then cooled be formed into structural bodies. By centrifuging the melt or by quenching, z. B.

by means of water, and the resulting granulation makes it possible to to produce a chippings that can be used as an aggregate for bitumen, e.g. B. in road construction, but can also be used for concrete.

It is possible to add substances before or during melting, the desired composition of the melt and thus that of the melt manufactured items.

It is also possible -before or during melting, redultants, e.g. 3. Coke, add and melt to metal mixtures according to the general Composition of the garbage etc. essentially of silicon, aluminum, calcium and iron insist to reduce. The melt can also be blown through Gases, e.g. air, fresh or e.g. B. inert gases such as argon are degassed.

Further features of the invention are in the description of the devices for performing the method and presented in the subclaims. Bs be noted that all individual features and all combinations of individual features are essential to the invention are.

In the rig. l to 4- are embodiments of devices for Implementation of the method, for example shown, without the invention is limited to these embodiments.

Fig. 1 shows a device with an inclined combustion grate.

ilig. 2 shows a device with a degassing shaft with an inclined Floor.

Pig. ) 7 shows a device with a traveling grate for combustion and FIG. 4 shows a device with a blow converter as a melting furnace.

In Pig, 1, 1 is the inclined grate.

The combustion air is fed in from below through the grate. That The material to be burned is placed at the upper end of the grate and slides on it down and is burned in the process. The unburned residue falls at the bottom End of the grate in a melting furnace 3, z. B. a cupola oven. The combustion gases -from the combustion grate and the exhaust gases from the furnace are passed through an above of the combustion grate arranged tubular boiler 2 discharged. In this tube boiler 2 water, xuSt or the like can be heated. BuSt is expediently heated up, which is then fed from below to the combustion grate. So will the fuel requirement humiliated. Are the resulting exhaust gases from the Ptohr boiler flammable, these, too, are expediently fed from below to the combustion grate in order to meet the fuel requirements to humiliate. The melting furnace has for purposes of supply 41 through which Substances can be added that are desired for further processing appropriate composition of the melt result. The distance from the furnace 3 to the tube boiler 2 is bridged by a corresponding cover 42.

-In Pig. 2, 11 is an externally heated degassing shaft.

43 are the heating flues surrounding this shaft. The bottom 12 of the shaft is inclined. The material to be degassed is given up in the shaft and sags in this downwards, is degassed and slides through the exhaust 14 to the melting furnace 15. The gases are at the bottom of the shaft at the highest point of the sloping Bottom 12 deducted by deduction 13. They are useful for heating the Gasification shaft used. The melting furnace has feeders 41 for substances, the one desired adapted to the purpose of the melt Resulting composition of the melt. The distance between the melting furnace 15 and the degassing shaft 11 is bridged by the cover 42.

Big hit on the embodiment. 3 is used to burn the traveling grate 21. The elongated firing unit 22 is arranged above the traveling grate.

The combustion gases are drawn off downwards through the flues 23. The material to be burned is abandoned at the end of the traveling grate. The unburned ones and non-breakable components fall at the end of the discharge from the traveling grate into a melting furnace 24. Here too, the melting furnace 24 expediently has feeds 41 for the desired Aggregates on. The melting furnace 24 is covered with a hood 44. The exhaust gases the traveling grate 21 and the melting furnace 24 are by means of the suction-draft fan 45 pressed into the tubular boiler 25 and serve here, if necessary, with afterburning for heating water or the like. Appropriately, in the Rotirkessel 25 Fuel gas preheated for the combustion unit 22 in order to reduce the fuel requirement.

The embodiment according to FIG. 4 corresponds essentially to the embodiment according to Sig. 2, only the melting furnace is a tiltable converter 31. The Converter 31 at the upper end has a lateral opening 34 through which a lance 33 can be introduced into the melt. Oxygen, Air or some other gas can be introduced into the melt to freshen the Melt, redultion of reducible components, degassing, etc. 35 at the lower end of the converter is the tapping for slag. 36 is the frame in which the converter is tiltable. A waste heat boiler 32 is provided above the converter, through which the exhaust gases of the converter. The feeder 41 for the addition of desired substances to the melt is in the cover 42 between the converter and degassing shaft arranged.

In all embodiments, exhaust gases are not used for combustion or degassing of the raw material can be used after appropriate cleaning released into the atmosphere.

With the invention it is possible between degassing and combustion and the melting still shrinkage of the residues, e.g. B. by crushing, Sintering or the like, in order to keep the melting unit even in the case of voluminous residues to keep it as small as possible. Drying to remove residual moisture may also be possible be provided. In this way, oxyhydrogen gas explosions are avoided on every ball.

It is also possible to comminute before combustion or degassing and drying to provide the incineration or degassing unit as possible to keep it small and to reduce the heat requirement for burning or

Reduce degassing. If flammable gases are produced, these are used for the purpose of fuel during drying.

In the case of existing incineration or degassing systems Advantageously, according to the invention, a melting plant can be connected downstream.

There is a method for destroying gauze is known in which the Waste is reduced to raw metal in a smelting furnace and gasified to form flammable gases is, if necessary with the addition of reducing agents, e.g. 3. Coal, as a smelting furnace An electric furnace is preferably used here.

This method has the disadvantage that also pre-shredded Garbage is still very voluminous, so the furnace must be dimensioned accordingly got to. The invention avoids this disadvantage by the combustion or ---. degasing and entering only the residues of the combustion or degassing into the melting furnace.

Garbage is also very often damp and often contains small containers with liquids that are not shattered even when they are crushed. at The high temperatures in the melting furnace thus exist in the previously known method the danger of which can lead to personal injury and property damage. Such damages are in the method according to the invention by the preceding combustion or degassing unavailable.

Claims (18)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e: 1 Process for processing garbage, industrial waste and the like recyclable materials, characterized in that the garbage, industrial waste or the like in itself received this, possibly with the addition of fuel, is burned and / or degassed, the resulting slag is then melted and The melt is then carried out in a familiar journey through casting, centrifuging and quenching etc. and cooling is processed into usable materials. 2.) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag an intended composition prior to melting and / or during melting the melt resulting substances are added in the appropriate amount. 3.) Method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that that reducing substances are added to the slag before melting. 4.) The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized- that gases are blown through the melt. 5.) The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the residues after incineration or degassing and before Melts shrunk, e.g. 3. crushed, sintered, etc. and, if necessary, them Residual moisture is removed. 6 ..) Device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to S, characterized by an inclined combustion and / or degassing grate (1) and one behind the grate (1) below its deepest Place arranged melting furnace (3) (Fig. 1). 7.) Device according to claim 6, characterized by an above the combustion grate (1) arranged, serving as a gas exhaust waste heat exchanger (2), especially tubular boilers. 8.) Device for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by an externally heated degassing shaft (11) with a sloping bottom (12) sloping to one side, a gas vent (13) the highest point of the floor (12), a fume cupboard (14) for the non-fermented residues at the lowest point of the floor (12) and one behind and under the fume cupboard (14) for the ungased components arranged melting furnace (15) (Fig. 2). 9.) Device for carrying out the B process according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a traveling grate (21) for combustion and degassing, a firing unit (22) arranged above the traveling grate (21) Gas exhausts (29) arranged below the traveling grate and one below the discharge end of the traveling grate (21) at £ -ordered melting furnace (24) (Fig. 3). 10.) Device according to claim 9, characterized by a rear the melting furnace arranged waste heat exchanger (25), expediently tubular boiler to which the hot exhaust gases are fed from the traveling grate (21) and the melting furnace (24). 11.) Device according to one or more of claims G to -10, characterized by a cupola furnace as a melting furnace (3, 15, 24). 12.) Device according to one or more of claims 6 to 10, characterized by an arc furnace as a melting furnace (3, 15, 24). 13.) Device according to one or more of claims 6 to 10, characterized by a converter (31) as a melting furnace (3, 15, 25) (Fig. 4). 14.) Device according to one or more of claims 6 to 13, characterized by feeds (41) for aggregates to the melting furnace (3, 15, 25, 31). 15.) Device according to one or more of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the feeders (41) for aggregates between the Incineration and / or degassing furnace (1, ii, 21) and the melting furnace (3, 15, 24, 31) are arranged. 16.) Device according to one or more of claims 6 to 15, characterized by one arranged above the melting furnace (3, 15, 24, 31) Waste heat recyclers (32), in particular tubular boilers (Fig. 4). 17.) Device according to claim 13, characterized by a tiltable Converter as a melting furnace (31) with feeds (33) for the desired through the melt gases to be conducted. 18.) Device according to one or more of claims 6 to i7, characterized by one between the incineration or degassing furnace and the melting furnace arranged shrinking system, z. B. Sintering belt, mill, etc.