DE2161048A1 - COMPOSITE SUBSTRATE BODIES FOR THE PROPAGATION OF PLANT PARTS AND FOR THE FURTHER CULTURE OF YOUNG PLANTS - Google Patents

Description

FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER AG

LEVERKUSEN · ilayerwerk

Central area

Patents, trademarks and licenses

GM / KK

8 DEC. 1971

Substrate composite for the propagation of plant parts and for the further cultivation of young plants

Increasingly, in horticulture from business and work management Grounds standardized soils and substrates, mostly based on peat, are used usually have a balanced nutrient content and favorable structural properties, they help to reduce the cultural risk essential to.

Another logical step in this way are sterile synthetic substrates, for example of polyurethane foams (US Patents 2,988,441 and 3,373,009; German Auslegeschrift 1,299,662, sov / ie the publication E ₁₁ Weinbrennerstrasse and J. Niggemann: propagating cuttings and Culture in block substrates made of polyurethane foam, Gartenwelt 70, 71-73, 1970), phenolic resin foams (US Pat. No. 3,049,444), cellulose (US Pat. No. 3,467,609) and rock wool (N, N. Vaekst-Substrate "Grodan") , Gartner Tidende (Dan.) No. 40, pp. 719, 1970).

In addition, partially synthetic substrate bodies play a role in the combination of natural substances and industrial waste of plant origin

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and of animal origin with synthetic products, foam flakes, bloated minerals, glass, rock and textile fibers with the help of plant-physiologically compatible natural or synthetic adhesives Role.

It is desirable with synthetic foam block substrates Fertilizers, plant protection preparations and growth substances as well as substances that are effective in sorption and buffering. ■ However, due to the low density between 10 and 50 g / l, the proportion remains relatively low. With high additions of the same can also - especially with acidic substances *. zen - the foaming process is impaired, so that There are limits to the foaming of substances.

This technical problem is solved with the present invention. Namely, it has been found that in a substrate for the propagation of plant parts and for the further cultivation of young plants fertilizers, pesticides, growth substances as well as substances that increase the suction tension of the substrate in relation to water, as well as substances that influence the pH value and which improve the pH buffering capacity of the substrate, substances which the nutrient retention capacity and the Increase the exchange capacity of the substrate, as well as macro and

»Can bring in micronutrients if as substrate body a composite body, consisting of an upper foam sheet, preferably of a hard or semi-hard open-celled one and hydrophilic polyurethane foam and one or more lower composite panels (η), is used.

The subject of the present invention is thus a substrate composite body, consisting of an upper foam sheet, preferably made of a hard or semi-hard open-cell

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and hydrophilic polyurethane foam and from one or more lower composite sheet (s) obtained by Bonding of small foam bodies such as flakes, chips or dust, preferably made of polyurethane foams.

Cuttings, seeds, flower bulbs or plant organ parts can be inserted into the upper rigid foam sheet without pre-drilling Insert or push in effortlessly.

The upper plates preferably consist of hard to semi-hard hydrophilic, open-cell foam bodies based on polyurethane. They are so brittle that cuttings, both soft and those with a diameter of more than 1 cm, can be easily inserted into the plate without pre-drilling Pore-provided foam type proven "If the cultivator is willing to pull the young plants with root balls directly out of the plate, it is advisable to use a foam type that is brittle when dry and becomes soft and" rotten "after 8 to 14 days of cultivation. Elastic, preferably hydrophilic, open-cell foam bodies, preferably made of polyurethane foams, can also be used as the upper part. In this case it is necessary that a vertical cut or cross cut is made at the insertion or deposit point for the plant parts to be propagated. Such elastic foam bodies can also be dry or pressed with physiologically compatible water-soluble adhesives to restrict the volume, which allow a return to the initial volume when water enters. The upper foam bodies generally have a thickness of 0.5 to 10, preferably 1 to 3 cm.

The drawing below shows a substrate composite body according to the invention. (1) represents the foam board and (2) the composite board for small bodies.

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For dis iier ^ "; ellung ■ ·.";: ■ : .'- ~ ven foam board, any scary τ oi ^: 3, e.g. PolyaTiid foams , polyvinylchloride foams · " viii polystyrene foams, polyimide foams,; olyacrjlal foams, phenolic resin foams, urea-formaldehyde foams, polyethylene foams, epoxy resin foams, cellulose acetate foams, polyester resin foams Polyvinyl acetate foams, but preferably hard or semi-hard open-cell and hydrophilic polyurethane foams. The production of these foams is known per se. The production of polyurethane foams is described, for example, in Kunststoff-Handbuch, Vol. VII, Polyurethane, published by Vieweg ... the sides and Hochtlen, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, I966, on to 655, 440 described the preparation of open-celled and hydrophilic polyurethane foams is further become known from German Offenlegungsschriften 2,004,518 and 2,013,787;

The upper foam sheet can contain pigments and / or pesticides, preferably algicides, bactericides or fungicides. Suitable pigment substances are preferably those which color the foam body dark, preferably black.

To make the top foam sheet one uses usually foams with a density between 8 and 50, preferably 12 to 35 kg / m ".

The substrate composite body according to the invention contains, as the lower small body composite plate (s), those which are formed by joining of small bodies, e.g. flakes, chips, dust with the help of plant-physiologically compatible adhesives have been received. Any kind of foam, e.g. foam, can be used as the material for the small bodies of the type mentioned above, in question, but preferably hydrophilic and open-cell foams, preferably based on polyurethane. As already stated, the production of such foams is known. The for- making the

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Small body composite panel used-su Small bodies usually have a diameter between 1 and 3O _? preferably between 2 and Ί2 mm. The small body virgin plate brn /, the Ysrbund consisting of several such plates generally has a thickness of 0.5 Ms 10, preferably 1 to 3 cm.

Preferably find shredded foam waste here a use in the production and processing of the upper foam sheets from the edge zones when cutting and grids arise. They are preferably hard to semi-hard.

The lower part of the foam composite flake board leaves by adding larger amounts of suitable additives in the desired way effective - mainly on the actual root space limited - optimize. When adding fine-pored as well as sorption and buffering active Substances in the lower composite flake plate can be used for further cultivation of the rooted young plants in conventional Make substrates or soils and soils cheaper.

Possible differences in the wet stresses between one-pot or planting media and the propagation substrate bodies used in them remain lower. A hasty one This prevents the actual root area of the young plant from drying out. As a result of the better buffering ability the substrate body · in the root area, greater differences in the pH value can occur during further cultivation no growth retardation between the two culture media impact. The upper, coarse-pored, fast-moving part of the propagation substrate body remains relative during further cultivation dry. So is the gas exchange, especially the oxygen Care, the rhizosphere promoted and infections bent forward on the stem in the boundary zone between air and substrate.

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Be »I high additions of water-storing substances. z _e 3. Torx'en, hydrophobic, closed-cell foams can also be used in whole or in part for production. In addition to the preferably hard to halbhar th and elastic, soft foams, _s are used These can also pressed for volume reduction sandwich panels are manufactured, the rear-expand to the original volume in moisture ingress.

Additive components to the lower composite flake plate can be capillary-active, water-absorbing, natural and synthetic, sorption and buffering substances. Such inorganic substances are, for example, kieselguhr (dietome earth), tuff and pumice flours, gypsum, chalk, rock phosphates, activated carbon, Fe hydroxides or Fe oxyhydrates, Cellites, orthosilicic acid polymers, kaolin, bentonite, Montmorillonite, vermiculite, attapulgite, sepiolite, mica, Talc, puffed minerals, glass and rock fibers.

Organic substances with these properties are, for example, peat of various degrees of decomposition, young brown coals (Lignite), sapropel and other organic rocks, seaweed preparations, agar-agar, alginates, mosses, ferns, Alkali and alkaline earth humates, cellulose preparations, paper, wood, bark and sawdust, starch, synthetic resin exchangers * natural and synthetic fiber products, animal hair, bristle, feather and leather waste, straw, leaves, conifer needles, Residues from seed coats (e.g. from cocoa and peanuts), grains, molasses, bone and horn meal. at Strongly acidic humus substances, for example raised bog turf, can also lead to a partial alkalization mainly through Administration of potassium, calcium and magnesium hydroxides,

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Oxides, carbonates and bicarbonates individually or in combination be made, which among other things, to the formation of easy or. poorly soluble humates.

The main nutrients added to the lower composite panel are mainly those salts which stimulate the initial development, especially the root formation and development. These are mainly ballast-free salts with nitrate-phosphate and potassium ions, such as potassium nitrate, mono- or dipotassium phosphate. If no natural substances are added, a minimal admixture of the trace elements boron, iron and zinc, for example as borax (Na ₂ B-Oy), iron (II) sulfate, iron disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Fe-EDIA) and zinc sulfate, individually or in illumination, can be advantageous for the Be rooting.

The addition of small amounts of humates, preferably K-humates, enables the initial development of the plants, especially to promote the growth of roots and shoots.

Lurch Humate will have a neutralizing effect in the case of intolerable pH values, temperatures and salt concentrations · caused. They also increase the toxicity of metabolic and putrefaction products in the culture medium.

In addition to the nutrients mentioned, you can also use the others essential nutrient elements calcium, magnesium and sulfur, as well as the trace elements Cl, Mn, Cu and Mo dem Composite are mixed. These nutrients should predominantly be present in poorly soluble form and from the If possible, the plant can only be picked up once the roots have formed. Have proven particularly effective So-called ion exchange fertilizers are used here, in which the urea ions are attached to exchangers. High salt

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concentrations are avoided in the culture medium and the Protects nutrients from leaching and uncontrolled release. .

In a modification of the method, the lower composite plate consists of two parts, an upper one, which contains the nutrients nitrate, phosphate, potassium, possibly also boron, iron and zinc, and a second part underneath, which is only reached later by the roots, the one with the obex'en glued together, needled, or quilted. In the latter, the nutrient salts are preferably mixed in as sparingly soluble complete fertilizers, especially in ion exchange r-farms. For plants with normal requirements, the following equivalent ratios for anions NO ₇₅ "" are _{preferred for complete fertilizers: 2} ΡΟ ^ -ϊSO ^ --- 60: 5: 35 and for cations: K + Ca ++ Mg ++ = 35 : 45: 20 selected "For plants that fly limescale, so-called bog plants, the ratio for the cations is changed as follows: K- * ■■; Ca ++:! ^ ++ - 35:20:45"

To maintain an acidic to weakly acidic reaction in the aqueous substrate phase, acidifying compounds can be mixed into the composite panel, especially with bog plants, but also with long-term propagation. A rapid effect is based on phosphorus oxide (PgO ₁₅ ), which forms metaphosphoric acid (HPO-,) or acidic polyphosphates, for example monopotassium phosphate. or sulfur-containing compounds, from which sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ^) is formed through microbial oxidation. The addition of a sulfur bacteria inoculum is indicated in the latter case. Value in the substrate.

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BAD OBiGiNAL

Even pesticides, such as fungicides, insecticides and algicides, can be quickly and slowly Mix in effective form into the lower composite bodies.

For certain crops or plant species and varieties you can the lower parts of the substrate body also contain growth substances, compounds with "HaLbauxin" character, for example Yeast, seaweed preparations, humates and other growth promoting agents as well as regulating and securing substances are admixed in each case in optimal concentrations in order to for example to trigger faster and stronger rooting of cuttings or faster emergence of seeds.

The last-mentioned substances can also be mixed with a suitable adhesive that glues the top and bottom panels together. In this way, the pre-treatment of growth substances from. Avoid cuttings, because when they are plugged, their base is directly on the adhesive layer that contains growth substances. To the various response capabilities cle.r cuttings of plants species to / meet uxinen, it would be necessary for herbaceous cuttings of einjährigen- and perennials of the adhesive layer at a low ,,. Greens tea sounds medium from hardwoods and cuttings and a high one from cuttings from evergreen foliage ™ and conifers. Adding a hormone or a combination of growth substances.

The present invention is therefore preferred a. ^ UDjUratverburKiKör'jjcr, in which the under composite panel Γ-toL "te contains the dir- Saugepurir.uri;.; I;? R plate opposite. Wagner raise, and / or Ln the ale lower composite panel,

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Contains substances which affect the pH value and which the Improve the pH buffer capacity of the plate, and / or in which the composite plate contains substances that retain the nutrients and increase the exchange capacity, and / or in which the lower tie plate contains the essential macro- and contains micronutrients, and / or in which the lower tie plate Contains growth regulating substances, and / or in which the lower composite panel contains pesticides, preferably Contains fungicides, bactericides and algicides.

The present invention also relates to processes for producing the composite panels according to the invention, that consists in that the upper foam sheet with the or the lower small body composite sheet (s) with the help of plant-physiologically compatible adhesives connected will be).

Both naturally occurring products and synthetic products can be used as plant-physiologically compatible adhesives. These include starch, starch products, water-soluble cellulose ethers, vegetable gums, such as gum arabic, the products generally known as crystal gum, which are derived from karaya gum and ghatti gum, as well as tragacanth, plant mucilages such as carubin or derivatives, alginates, carragheenates, liehenin, -Konjakumann, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, dispersions and latices made from natural or synthetic polymers, such as latex made from Hevea brasilienis or latex made from synthetic rubber, as well as cationic or anionic polyurethane dispersions, but also bitumen. The adhesives are preferably used in a slightly concentrated form in order to ensure good processability. The amount of adhesive necessary for optimal bonding depends on the type and nature of the adhesive ^; k the

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foam particles to be glued and the added additives.

The production of the entire substrate composite body according to the invention takes place, for example, as follows:

a) Upper foam board (by cutting from block material).

b) Lower composite flake plate (by gluing together flakes, chips, dust, etc., e.g. from waste material, if necessary under compression).

c) Gluing (point or continuous gluing of both panels); if necessary, processes b) and c) can also be used can be varied with each other by placing the flakes, schnitzels, etc. provided with glue directly on the top plate be glued on.

d) Sawing or milling in cuboid and prismatic form and / or punching or raster

Manufacture of easily detachable ones from foam composite bodies arbitrarily and identically shaped individual substrate bodies, preferably square, cylindrical and prismatic with volumes of 0.25 to 10,000 cm, preferably between 10 and 1000 cm. Also perforated die cut , cut, pricked "or saturated single bodies.

e) Cross cuts in elastic substrate bodies into individual bodies.

f) Possibly presses to restrict the transport volume »

The composite substrate bodies according to the invention are used for propagation of plant parts and for further cultivation of young plants used.

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ι *

From WXi- ¹ ; = :: haft borrowed; - Qe - ;; ^ chtspiinkt ? Te \ ~.:. T. the inventive method an r ^; -, -; Ionic utilization of the resulting waste products part of the production and processing of foam STib s occurred. The substrate composites according to the invention can be produced largely in conformity with the type, free of harmful organisms, regardless of location, and their chemical, physical and biological properties can be tailored to requirements of the plants during propagation and further cultivation. ”It is to be expected that a broad field of application will open up for them, especially in the increasingly expanding automated, programmed plant production.

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Claims (12)

Patent claims: 1) substrate composite; consisting of an upper foam sheet, preferably made of a hard or semi-hard open-cell and hydrophilic polyurethane foam and from one or more lower small body composite panels (η), obtained by gluing together small foam bodies such as Flakes, chips or dust, preferably made of poly- - urethane foams. 2) Substrate composite body according to An.spru.ch 1 _s in which the lower small body composite plate (s) by connecting small bodies, such as flakes, chips _s dust, with diameters between 1 and 30, preferably between 2 and 12 mm, made of hydrophilic and open-cell foams _9, preferably based on polyurethane, has been obtained with the aid of adhesives that are physiologically compatible with plants. 3) substrate composite body according to claim 1 and 2 _S in which the lower composite plate contains substances that increase the suction tension of the plate with respect to water. 4) substrate composite according to claim 1 and 2, in which the lower composite plate contains substances that affect the pH and which improve the plate's pH buffering capacity. 5) substrate composite according to claim 1 and 2, in which the Lower composite panel contains substances that hold the nutrients in place ability and increase the exchange capacity. Le A 14 096 - 13 - 3Ü9829 / 0034 6) Substrate composite according to claim 1 and 2. in the the lower composite plate, which contains macro- and micronutrients that are essential for plants. 7) substrate composite according to claim 1 and. 2, in which which contains growth-regulating substances under the composite panel. 8) substrate composite according to claim 1 and 2, in which the lower composite plate pesticides, preferably fungicides, Contains bactericides and algicides. 9) substrate composite according to claim 1 and 2, in which the upper plate pigments and / or pesticides, preferably Contains algicides, bactericides or fungicides. 10) A method for producing the composite body according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the Upper foam board with the lower small body composite board (s) with the help of plant physiology compatible adhesives is (are) connected. 11) Method according to claim 10, characterized in that in the interface between the upper and lower Plate growth substances and plant nutrients are introduced. 12) Use of the composite substrate body according to claim 1 to 9 for the propagation of plant parts and for more » cultivation of young plants. Le A 14 096 - 14 - 309829/0034