DE2147710A1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Description

description
to the patent application

of Petrol Injection Limited and H.E. Jackson, Valley Road, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon / England, 92, Elburton Road, Elburton, Plymouth, Devon / England

concerning:
"Fuel injector"

The invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle with a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, as they are intended for example for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines, and the invention relates This applies in particular to nozzles in which the fuel is injected intermittently.

Injectors are usually arranged so that the fuel in the air intake duct of the internal combustion engine downstream the throttle valve is injected; each nozzle can be arranged, for example, so that the fuel in the respective Intake manifold is injected, which leads from the intake duct to the engine cylinder. Alternatively, you can also use one Make arrangement in which the nozzles inject directly into the respective machine cylinder downstream of its inlet valve.

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In some systems the injectors are of the so-called open type and inject the fuel continuously. In other systems, however, they work intermittently, and therefore such an injection nozzle can have an interrupt valve which, during operation, opens the nozzle to the fuel submit.

The object of the present invention is to provide a simply constructed and easy to assemble and de non controllable nozzle of the latter Type to create. This object is achieved according to the invention by an in the fuel path between inlet and outlet switched, electromagnetically actuated interrupter valve, that between an open and a closed position to control the flow of fuel from the inlet to the Mouth of the fuel outlet is arranged.

The fuel outlet path can be connected so that it removes fuel from the inlet through a fuel inlet path obtained, which is formed in a tubular member within the nozzle. Alternatively, the fuel outlet path can also be connected in this way be that he gets the fuel from a flow path inside the nozzle which connects the inlet to a secondary outlet, the nozzle additionally having a vapor separation path may have, which is turned on to the flow path is that the steam is removed from this.

The valve member can have a spherical shape or else also have the shape of a cylinder with a guide rod.

If the nozzle has a vapor separation path as explained above, the nozzle is installed for operation so that the connection between the vapor separation path and the flow-through

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stretch is above the level of the liquid fuel in the nozzle, and the connection between the outlet path and the flow path is below that level.

The vapor separation path can be formed by a tubular element inside the nozzle. The end of the pipe element can form a stop for limiting the movement of the valve member when the interrupter valve is energized: The nozzle can then have a non-magnetizable element which ensures and is arranged so that the ferromagnetic valve member remains sticking to the stop avoided \ _r Ard the fiarmanenten consecutive magnetism could occur even after de-energizing the interruption ends tils.

The nüit-iuagnetisable element can with the The valve member can be moved or it can also be attached to the stop.

In each of the embodiments of the invention discussed above, the fuel discharge path can be defined by a fuel outlet tube in an outer cap in which the Outlet port is formed. The outlet pipe can be a have the outlet aligned with the outlet opening, and the outer cap may have at least one ventilation opening, through which air is drawn into the interior of the cap during operation. In a preferred embodiment of the nozzle, the outer cap includes a vent upstream of the outlet tube outlet and another ventilation opening downstream of this Point; preferably the further ventilation opening is downstream the injection nozzle orifice arranged. The outlet pipe

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can be a tube with a constant, small inner bore that also serves as a flow limiter. Preferably can you dismantle the fuel pipe from the nozzle without having to intervene on the interrupter valve.

The invention is described below with reference to attached drawings are explained in more detail:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a preferred one Embodiment of an injection nozzle according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows the application of the injection nozzle shown in Figures 1 and 2 in a fuel fuel injection system;

Fig. 4 is a section through another embodiment the injector;

FIG. 5 shows a modified embodiment of the injection nozzle according to FIG. 4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view along VI-VI in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 shows the use of the injectors of the type of Figs. 4 to 6 in a fuel injection system; and

Fig. 8 shows in side view, partly in section, an injection nozzle according to the invention, mounted on the intake duct of an internal combustion engine.

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The injection nozzle shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises an outer housing 1, in one end of which a fuel inlet

2 is formed, which with the bore of a Rohrelenentes

3 communicates, which sits centrally in the outer housing 1. the The bore of the tubular element 3 forms an inlet path from the fuel inlet 2 into a chamber 4 with which the bore has openings 5 communicates in the wall of the tubular element. A Interrupter valve 6 controls the connection between the chamber 4 and a fuel outlet pipe 7, which is connected to the pipe element 3 is aligned and located in an outside at 11 on the outer housing 1 screwed-on cap 8 is located. The free end of the outlet pipe 7 is open and aligned with an outlet mouth 9 formed in the tip 10 of the cap 8, the fuel flowing through the outlet pipe 7 is dispensed through the mouth 9 by means of the nozzle. The interior of the cap 8 becomes upstream of the open end of the outlet tube 7 ventilated through passages 12 in the cap wall, and additional vents 13 are downstream of the mouth 9 provided in the nozzle tip 10.

A coil body 14, which carries an excitation coil 15, is arranged around the tubular element 3. This is with electric Terminals 16 are connected to the outer housing 1, which during operation of the nozzle in a fuel injection system by means of cables 17 be connected to a control unit, by means of which the excitation coil can be energized.

The interrupter valve 6 comprises a spherical magnetizable Valve body 18, which is arranged within a guide part 19 in the chamber 4 and by means of a spring 20,

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which is located in the pipe duct 3 against a valve seat 21 is biased to interrupt communication between the chamber 4 and the fuel outlet pipe 7. The preload exerted by the spring 20 can be changed in order to change the contact pressure of the valve member 18, in-by adjusting the pipe conduit 3 which is screwed into the outer housing 1 for this purpose, as in FIG 24 indicated.

In operation, the injection nozzle is connected to a fuel injection system, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to, for example, FIG Intake manifold is dispensed. The openings 13 and 13 are connected to atmosphere at the engine air filter via a longitudinal line in the intake manifold, similar to what is explained below with reference to FIG. Fuel is fed to fuel inlet 2 and when the excitation coil is energized; Magnetic forces act on the valve member 18 in order to lift it from the valve seat 21 against the bias of the spring 20 and to establish communication between the chamber 4 and the outlet pipe 7. The next adjacent end of the tubular element 3 forms a stop for limiting the valve member movement away from the valve member 21, and fuel flows through the fuel inlet 2 ^ along the bore of the tubular element 3 _; through the openings 5 and the chamber 4 _; into the exhaust pipe 7 and is then discharged through the exhaust port into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. The negative pressure in the intake manifold system causes air to be drawn into the interior of the cap 8 through the openings 12, and this serves to atomize the flow of fuel flowing out of the outlet pipe

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exits and at the same time ensures that the interior of the cap 8 is under atmospheric pressure, such that the The negative pressure that prevails in the intake manifold system has no effect on the flow of fuel through the outlet pipe 7 Has. Air also through the additional ventilation openings 13 sucked into the nozzle tip 10, and this additional air flow also hits the one emerging from the mouth 9 Fuel on and causes further atomization. The atomization effect of the air flow through the ventilation openings 12 and 13 enables very fine fuel atomization, which is particularly important if the machine works with a lean fuel-air mixture, to reduce emissions.

The fuel outlet pipe 7 is a tube made of corrosion-resistant Steel with a hole with a small, constant diameter of a few tenths of a millimeter, for example 0.5 mm. The outlet pipe 7 acts as a flow restrictor and forms the main restriction for the flow of fuel to Nozzle when the valve member 18 is in the open position. The outlet pipe 7 is in its flow restriction measured when assembling the nozzle and when a plurality of nozzles are used in a fuel injection system finds and is fed by a common fuel supply a, one chooses nozzles with outlet pipes 7 comparable Values to ensure that the fuel is uniform is distributed to the nozzles. It should be noted that this fuel limiting function of the nozzle is completely independent is from the breaker valve 6. In addition, the limiting characteristics of the nozzle can be easily adjusted if desired, modified (for example, in order to

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different fuel injection systems to be adapted), by replacing the outlet pipe 7 with another outlet pipe with a different limiting characteristic. to For this purpose, as can be seen, the outlet pipe 7 is arranged in an assembly 22 which is a continuation of the Valve seat 21 forms, but is separate from this, and held against the valve seat by means of a spring 23 is that sits on a gradation of the cap 8. Thus, if the outlet pipe 7 is to be replaced, it is only required to unscrew the cap 8, whereby the assembly 22 with the outlet pipe 7 is free, which then through another can be replaced: During this operation, the interrupter valve 6 does not need to be dismantled to become. Accordingly, the electromagnetic part of the nozzle can be made a standard component.

Figure 3 illustrates the use of nozzles 200 of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2 in a fuel injection system. The system itself forms the subject of other patent applications and is used here for illustrative purposes only sake described. It comprises a tank 201, from which fuel is drawn off by means of any "iUnpe 202" and a Fuel pressure device 203 is supplied. The fuel Druckeinr ich device 203 puts the fuel under pressure depending on the machine air requirement, as indicated by the dashed line Line 204 to engine air inlet 205 indicated, and the pressurized fuel then passes to the Injection nozzles 200. Excess fuel from the fuel deck device 203 is transferred to the fuel tank 201 a check valve 206 is returned, and excess fuel from the nozzles 200 is also returned to the tank via the

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Return embedment 207 out. A controller 208 that too responds to machine air demand, as indicated by the Dashed line 20 9 indicated to the air inlet, generates intermittent electrical pulses that the excitation coils (Not shown in Fig. 3) of the nozzles 200 are supplied to the associated interrupter valve 6 to operate and thus carry out the injection process. #jn In the mentioned other applications it is explained that the control unit 208 electrical impulses generated at regular time intervals, but the duration of these impulses depending of the machine air requirement one & llt: nozzles that work in unison Timing are built with the present invention, but could be used in other injection systems, For example, those in which the control device generates electrical pulses depending on the machine speed, to operate the injectors.

The nozzle according to FIG. 4 is similar to that according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and the corresponding parts wear the same Reference symbol. However, this nozzle has the fuel inlet 2 is not formed in one end of the outer housing 1, but is arranged laterally and communicates directly via the Chamber 4, which contains the spherical valve member 18, with a secondary fuel outlet 40 in the other side of the outer housing. The nozzle comprises a tubular member 3a in alignment with the fuel outlet pipe 7 corresponding to the tubular member According to Figures 1 and 2, but in this embodiment the pipe element 3a defines a vapor separation section which is used to To remove fuel vapor from the chamber 4 instead of fuel to introduce into the Chamber, and for this reason contains the

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Bore of the pipe element 3a a flow limiter 41. The fuel outlet pipe 7 and the pipe member 3a are Arranged perpendicular to the secondary outlet path between inlet 2 and secondary outlet 40.

In operation, the injector of Fig. 4 is switched to a fuel injection system, as referred to 7 and is mounted on an intake manifold 80 of an internal combustion engine, as in FIG. 8 shown such that fuel exiting through the orifice 9 is discharged into the intake manifold. The vents 12 and 13 are connected to an annular space 81 between the outer cap 8 and the nozzle holder arranged, and in turn with the machine air filter Connected via a gallery tang 82 in the intake manifold 80 is.

Fuel is fed to the inlet 2 and when the valve member 18 is seated on the valve seat it comes directly into the chamber 4 and leaves the nozzle again via the secondary outlet 40. This fuel flow, the even then occurs when the valve member 18 is in the closed position, has a cooling effect and reduces the tendency of the Fuel for evaporation inside the nozzle. However, if evaporation occurs anyway, the vapor may get there together with a small amount of fuel through the openings 5 in the wall of the tubular element 3a along the bore of the tubular element through the flow restrictor 41 and exits the nozzle through a steam outlet 42 at the end of the outer housing 1. The separation of the vapor by this method is ensured by the

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Positioning of the nozzle in an internal combustion engine such that the tip IO of the outer cap 8 is lowest Point of the nozzle is, as indicated in Fig. 8 "Any steam that is in the chamber 4 rises to the top the chamber from which point the steam will pass directly through the opening 5 etc. to the steam outlet 42 can.

When the excitation coil 15 is energized, magnetic forces act on the spherical valve member 18 and lift it off the valve seat 21 against the bias of a spring 20 (this movement is limited by the tubular element 3a), and the fuel then flows from the inlet 2 through the chamber 4 along valve seat 21 into the fuel outlet pipe 7 and is through the mouth 9 in the intake manifold 80 delivered to the internal combustion engine. As with the nozzle according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the negative pressure in the suction system ensures for air to be drawn through vents 12 and 13 in cap 8 which is the fuel outlet pipe 7 surrounds so as to atomize the fuel and ensure that the interior of the cap 8 is below atmospheric pressure excess fuel that is not in the Outlet pipe 8, leaves the nozzle via secondary outlet 40, and all vaporized fuel comes out of chamber 4, as explained above, to the steam outlet 42. The arrangement of the nozzle on an internal combustion engine according to FIG. 8 ensures that the valve seat 21 is located inside below the fuel level in the chamber 4 and accordingly ensures that only liquid fuel reaches the fuel outlet pipe 7.

As with the nozzle according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the delimitation sharpnesses of the nozzle according to FIG. 4 can, if desired, can be changed in that the fuel outlet pipe 7 is exchanged for a fuel pipe, the one

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has different flow characteristics, and this can be done without having to intervene on the interrupter valve 6 by unscrewing the cap 8 is and thus the assembly 22 is faaggregated in which the fuel outlet pipe is located. As in Figures 1 and 2 Here, too, the flow-limiting function of the nozzle is completely independent of the fuel control function of the interrupter valve 6.

The nozzle of Figures 5 and 6 is similar to the nozzle of Fig. 4 in that the fuel inlet 2 is on one side of the outer housing 1 is arranged and directly via a chamber 4 with an interrupter valve with a secondary fuel outlet 40 communicates, which is located on the other side of the outer housing. Corresponding parts of the nozzle therefore have the same reference numerals. The nozzle according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the nozzle according to FIG. 4 with respect to the special design of the interrupter valve and the steam outlet path from the chamber 4 to the steam outlet

In the nozzle according to Figures 5 and 6, the interrupter valve 6 comprises a magnetizable valve member in the form of a cylindri · see flow control member 18a at one end of a guide bar 50, and a valve seat is formed by an O-ring in a valve seat holder 52. The guide rod 50 extends from the valve member 18a through a guide sleeve 53 in one Tube element 3a and ends in a spring seat 54. A spring is arranged between the spring seat 54 and a stop 56, which is arranged in the steam outlet 42 at the end of the outer housing 1, and the spring biases the valve member from the parts 50 and 18a in the direction of the O-ring 51.

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The guide sleeve 53 has, as is best shown in FIG. 6 recognizable, a triangular cross-sectional shape and forms with the triangle sides opposite the bore wall of the pipe element 3a three vapor outlet paths 57. The chamber 4 communicates with the steam paths 57 via openings 5 in the wall of the drilling element 3a, as in FIG. 4, and the steam paths 57 in turn communicate with a flow restrictor 41, which is located in the stop 56 of the steam outlet 42.

A non-magnetizable disc 58 is between the Valve member 18a and the opposite end of the tubular element 3a arranged and pressed around the guide rod 50, so that it moves with it.

In operation, the injector of Figures 5 and 6 is incorporated into a fuel injection system, as referred to below on Fig. 7, and is mounted on the intake manifold 80 of an internal combustion engine in a similar position as shown in FIG. The fuel is fed to the inlet 2 and arrives if the valve member 18a is on the valve seat 51 sits, directly through the chamber 4 and leaves the nozzle via the secondary outlet 40. As with the nozzle according to FIG. 4, the flow of fuel taking place even when the cutoff valve 6 is closed has a cooling effect and reduces the tendency of the fuel to get inside the nozzle to evaporate. If some steam does form inside the chamber 4, then the arrangement of the nozzle on the internal combustion engine represents (i.e. with the nozzle tip 10 at the lowest point as in Fig. 8), ensure that the steam may be released together with a a small amount of fuel flows through the openings 5 in the wall of the tubular element 3a along the steam path 57, and exits the nozzle through flow restrictor 41 within outlet 42.

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Like the nozzles according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the interrupter valve 6 is actuated by an excitation coil 15. When the excitation coil 15 is energized, magnetic forces act on the valve member 18a with the guide rod 50 and lift the valve member from the O-ring 51 against the force of the spring 55, this movement being limited by the end of the Pipe element 3a. Fuel then flows through the inlet through the chamber 4, the valve seat 5t, 52, the fuel outlet pipe 7 and is finally discharged through the orifice 9 into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, excess fuel leaves the nozzle via the secondary outlet 40 and any steam that is about has formed in the chamber 4, exits the nozzle through the steam outlet 42, as explained above. She The arrangement of the nozzle in operation, as shown in FIG. 8 ensures that the valve seat 51, 52 is always located below the level of the liquid fuel in the chamber 4, and that, accordingly, only liquid fuel enters the Brennstoffauslaßrohr. 7

When the interrupter 4 and 6 is open, the non-magnetizable disc 58 prevents the magnetizable valve member 18a from coming into contact with the magnetizable tubular element 3a and being held in the open position under the influence of remanent magnetism which is still present after the coil 15 has been de-energized . It can be seen that the disk 58 ^ instead of being attached to the guide rod 50 for movement therewith, could also be stationary and could sit on the tubular element 3a. It goes without saying that disks of this type, although not shown, could also be used in the nozzles according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and 4, for example arranged on the tube elements 3 or 3a.

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As in the case of the nozzles according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the intake duct negative pressure of the internal combustion engine ensures that air is drawn into the cap 8 of the nozzle according to FIG. 5 through the ventilation openings 12 and 13, and the fuel leaving the fuel outlet pipe 7, is atomized with the inside of the cap being kept at atmospheric pressure. . The Durchflußbegrenzungscharakteristik the nozzle of Figure 5 may also - be modified by the Brennstoffauslaßrohr 7 replaced by another with a different outlet characteristic ä ^ is set, and this is as in the previously Ausführungsforrueii iuuyxicli, without interventions on - as explained above Interrupt valve 6 must be done.

FIG. 7 shows the application of the nozzles 300, which are nozzles of either the type of FIG. 4 or of FIGS. 5 and 6 can be used in a fuel injection system. This system corresponds Components that essentially correspond to the system according to FIG. 3 and components which correspond to one another are provided with the same reference symbols however, note that the manner in which the nozzles are switched into the system differs from the turning on of the nozzles 200 differs insofar as here the nozzles are connected to one another in series, the secondary outlet 40 of one nozzle being connected to one another buiiden is next to inlet 2. As a result, the pressurized fuel supplied to the nozzles flows through the fuel pressure device 203, through each of the nozzles 300 in succession and fuel that is not dispensed from the nozzles is returned to the fuel tank 201 via line 207, so that the fuel circulates continuously through the nozzles 300 and, unlike the system of FIG. 3, none Fuel remains in the nozzles, even if the interrupter valves 6 of the nozzles are closed. This diminishes any tendency for the fuel to evaporate within the nozzles 300, however any vapor that has been formed will be

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deposited within the nozzles, as explained above, and the Fuel tank 201 returned via lines 301.

The use of a spherical valve member 18 in the Nozzles of Figures 1, 2 and 4 is advantageous in that any lateral movement of the valve member when energized of the coil 15 (which movement would bring the valve member into engagement with the guide part 19) the valve member against the Guide part 19 rolls and the opening of the interrupter valve is not noticeably hindered by the effects of friction. This makes possible, that the interrupter valves 6 can be operated with lower powers.

The application of the vents 12 and 13 in the The nozzle explained above is advantageous, but not mandatory, and could be omitted. In addition, they could Steam separator 5, 41, 42 and the secondary outlet paths 2, 4, 40 according to 4 to 6 also find application in nozzles in which shapes of interrupter valves differ from those shown Find application.

(Patent claims)

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Claims (25)

Claims Fuel injector with a fuel inlet and Fuel outlet, characterized by an in the fuel path between inlet (2) and outlet (7, 9) switched solenoid operated interrupter valve (6-21-15; 18-21-15; 18a-5l-l5), the zv / ischen an open and a closed position to control the fuel flow from the inlet (2) to the mouth (9) of the fuel outlet (7) is moveable. 2) fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that that the interrupter valve has a spherical valve member. 3) Fuel injection nozzle according to claim 2, characterized by a guide part (19) for the valve member. 4) fuel injector according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by a spring arrangement (20, 55) for biasing the valve member in the closed position. 5) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fuel outlet is connected is that it receives the fuel from the inlet through a fuel path formed by a tubular element (3) inside the nozzle. 6) fuel injector according to claim 5, characterized in that that the fuel inlet path coincides with the outlet path at least one opening (5) in the wall of the tubular element (3) communicates. - 18 - 2098U / 1041 2H7710 7) fuel injector according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fuel outlet path is so connected is that it is the fuel of a flow path (2-40) inside the nozzle removes the inlet (2) with a secondary fuel outlet (40) connects, and that the nozzle further comprises a vapor separation section which is connected to the flow path to Removal of steam from this is connected. 8) Fuel injection nozzle according to claim 7, characterized in that the valve member ^e iftf comprises a guide rod (50) seated cylinder part (18a). 9) Fuel injection nozzle according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the connection in the operating position of the nozzle between the steam outlet and the flow path is above of the liquid fuel level is within the nozzle, and that the connection between the fuel outlet and the flow path is below this level. 10) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the vapor separation path is the flow path connects to a steam outlet and contains a flow restrictor (41). 11) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the flow path has a chamber (4) has to which the fuel outlet path (7) and the vapor separation path are connected, and in which the interrupter valve is located. 12) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the outlet path and the vapor deposition path are aligned with one another and extend perpendicularly with respect to the flow path. 2098U / 1041 _ ₁₉ _ "" *** "2H7710 13) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the vapor separation path of one Pipe part (3a) is formed within the nozzle. 14) fuel injector according to claims 8 and 13, characterized characterized in that the guide rod (50) along a Bore of the tubular element (53) is guided. 15) fuel injector according to claim 14, characterized in that that the guide rod (50) is guided within a guide sleeve (53), and the Darapfabscheidepfad from at least one passage is formed which is located between the tubular element and the guide. 16) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the vapor separation path with the Communicated flow path via at least one opening in the wall of the tubular element. 17) fuel injector according to claim 5 or 6, or one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that a The end of the tubular element forms a stop for the movement of the valve member when the interrupter valve is energized. 18) fuel injector according to claim 17, characterized in that that a non-magnetizable element (58) vorgeaaen is to prevent the valve member from sticking to the stop. 19) fuel injector according to claim 18, characterized in that the non-magnetizable element with the Valve member is movable. - 20 - 2098H / T041- 20) fuel injector according to claim 18 or 19, .due to this characterized in that the non-magnetizable element is arranged on the stop. 21) Fuel injector according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the fuel outlet path is formed by a fuel outlet pipe (7) which is arranged in an outer cap (8) with the outlet opening (9) that the fuel outlet pipe (7) has an outlet aligned with the outlet opening (9), and that the cap (8) at least has a ventilation opening (12, 13) through which air is drawn into the cap when the nozzle is in operation. 22) fuel injector according to claim 21,. Characterized. that the cap has a ventilation opening (12) upstream of the fuel pipe outlet and a further ventilation opening (13) downstream thereof. 23) fuel injector according to claim 22, characterized in that that a further ventilation opening is provided downstream of the nozzle mouth (9). 24) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the fuel outlet pipe (7) has a constant diameter bore for forming a fuel flow limiter. 25) Fuel injection nozzle according to one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the fuel outlet pipe (7) can be removed from the nozzle without interfering with the valve. 2098U / 10A1