DE214058C

DE214058C -

Info

Publication number: DE214058C
Application number: DENDAT214058D
Authority: DE

Description

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KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING

- JVl 214058 KLASSE 21 e. GRUPPE- JVl 214058 CLASS 21 e. GROUP

Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 3. Dezember 1907 ab.Patented in the German Empire on December 3, 1907.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Apparat zur vergleichsweisen Bestimmung der Härte paramagnetischer Materialien auf magnetometrischem Wege. Die bisherigen Anordnungen dieser Art haben gewisse Mängel, welche der Benutzung durch Laien im Wege stehen. Einer dieser Mangel ist die mit der Stromstärke des magnetisierenden Stromes veränderliche Empfindlichkeit der Meßvorrichtung, weil dasThe invention relates to an apparatus for the comparative determination of hardness paramagnetic materials in a magnetometric way. The previous arrangements of these types have certain shortcomings that prevent laypeople from using them. One this deficiency is the sensitivity, which changes with the strength of the magnetizing current the measuring device because that

ίο Meßsolenoid im Magnetisierungsstromkreise liegt, mithin die Feldstärke mit der Stromstärke im Magnetisierungskreise steigt und fällt. Wenn man mit Rücksicht auf den. Probekörper das Feld der Magnetisierungsspule klein halten will und dementsprechend die Stromstärke reguliert, so hat man notgedrungen auch das Feld des Meßsolenoides verringert und hierdurch die Empfindlichkeit verändert. Man ist infolgedessen gezwungen, bei der Bewertung der Meßgröße die Stromstärke zu berücksichtigen, d. h. es ergibt sich nicht ein für allemal aus der Meßgröße unmittelbar die zu messende Feldvergrößerung bzw. die Härte. Überdies kann man eine derartige Anordnung nicht zur Bestimmung des natürlichen Magnetismus eines Probestückes benutzen, da für eine solche die Gegenstandsspule stromlos sein muß und infolge der Hintereinanderschaltung dann auch das Meßsolenoid stromlos ist.ίο Measuring solenoid in the magnetizing circuit so the field strength rises and falls with the current strength in the magnetization circle. If, with consideration for the. Test specimen the field of the magnetizing coil If you want to keep it small and regulate the current intensity accordingly, you have to do it also reduces the field of the measuring solenoid and thereby the sensitivity changes. As a result, one is forced to consider the current intensity when evaluating the measured variable to be considered, d. H. it does not result once and for all directly from the measured variable the field enlargement to be measured or the hardness. Moreover, one can do such a Do not use the arrangement to determine the natural magnetism of a specimen, since the object coil must be de-energized for such a specimen and as a result of the series connection then the measuring solenoid is also de-energized.

Bei der Erfindung wird dieser Mangel dadurch behoben, daß das Meßsolenoid in einem von dem Magnetisierungsstromkreise durch Parallelschaltung getrennten Stromkreise liegt.In the invention, this deficiency is remedied in that the measuring solenoid in one from the magnetizing circuits is separated by parallel connection.

Es wird hierdurch erreicht,' daß man die Magnetisierungsstromstärke, ohne Rücksicht auf das Meßsolenoid nehmen zu müssen, wie gewünscht, einstellen und im Meßsolenoid ein Feld herstellen kann, dessen. Größe unabhängig von der Stromstärke im Magnetisierungsstromkreise einer der empirisch ermittelten Skalen entspricht. Ferner bietet die Trennung der Stromkreise den Vorteil, den natürlichen Magnetismus eines Probestückes nachzuweisen, weil das Meßsolenoid auch bei Stromlosigkeit des Magnetisierungsstromkreises arbeitsbereit sein kann.It is thereby achieved that 'the magnetizing current strength, without having to take the measuring solenoid into account, as desired, set and can produce a field in the measuring solenoid whose. Size independent of the current strength in the magnetizing circuit is one of the empirically determined Scales corresponds. Furthermore, the separation of the circuits offers the advantage of the natural magnetism of a test piece to be demonstrated because the measuring solenoid is also used when the magnetizing circuit is de-energized can be ready to work.

In der Zeichnung ist eine Ausführungsform des Apparates dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of the apparatus is shown.

In derselben ist 1 das Prüfsolenoid, 2 das Ausgleichsolenoid, 3 die zwischen beiden angebrachte Magnetnadel, 4 der Kompensator, 5 ein Stromwender, 6 ein Rheostat, 7 das Meßsolenoid des !Compensators, 8 die Skala, und 9 die Klemmen, denen die Ströme entnommen werden.In the same, 1 is the test solenoid, 2 the compensating solenoid, 3 the one between the two Magnetic needle, 4 the compensator, 5 a commutator, 6 a rheostat, 7 the Measuring solenoid of the compensator, 8 the scale, and 9 the terminals from which the currents are taken will.

Die Prüfspule 1 ist so bemessen, daß man Gegenstände verschiedener Gestalt und Größe in sie einführen kann. Sie ist so angeordnet, daß ihr Abstand von der Magnetnadel 3 verändeiiich ist. Doch soll diese Verschiebungsmöglichkeit sich nur auf verhältnismäßig kleine Wege beschränken im Gegensatz zu den gebräuchlichen Magnetometermethoden. Um bei ausgedehnten Probekörpern das Feld der Prüfspule mit dem Probekörper mit Rücksicht auf den Magneten 3 und den geringen Abstand des letzteren von der Gegenstandsspule ein-, stellen zu können, ist der Rheostat 6 im Maghetisierungsstromkreise I vorgesehen, welcher ?q die. Stromstärke stufenweise, zu ändern ge-■ stattet.·The test coil 1 is dimensioned so that you can objects of different shapes and sizes can introduce into them. It is arranged so that its distance from the magnetic needle 3 varies is. However, this possibility of shifting should only apply to a relatively small one Limiting paths in contrast to common magnetometer methods. To at extended test specimens the field of the test coil with the test specimen with consideration on the magnet 3 and the small distance of the latter from the object coil, to be able to set, is the rheostat 6 in the magnetization circuits I provided which? Q the. Gradual amperage, to be changed ■ equips.

Claims

The compensating solenoid 2 is also, as usual, in the magnetizing circuit and is can also be moved by small distances. In addition, it can be switched on and off of turns gradually change the surface of the turns, so that when compensating Displacements by great distances are superfluous. This is done with consideration of the handiness of the entire apparatus in which the individual parts, the test solenoid, the magnet., the compensating solenoid and the compensator, arranged in their working position with respect to one another are.

The measuring solenoid 7 of the compensator 4 is in the circuit II, the current strength of which there it is connected in parallel to the magnetizing circuits I at terminals 9, of which Amperage in the latter is completely independent. It is of course immaterial whether the same power source is used for both circuits or not. The parallel connection is not essential here, but the independence of the two circuits from each other.

Working with the device is as follows:

The apparatus is adjusted so that the line connecting the poles of the magnet 3 in the zero position falls into the magnetic meridian, then closes the circuits I and II and brings the magnet 3 in by shifting the solenoids 1 and 2 or by regulating the winding area of the solenoid 2 its zero position. It is assumed here that the current in circuit II is already for the upcoming test series is certain. Then bring one of the specimens, whose hardness is to be determined in the test series in the object solenoid and regulates with the aid of the rheostat 6, if necessary also by moving the solenoids 1 and 2, the field strength of the resulting electromagnet until the zero position of the Magnet 3 necessary compensation rotation of the solenoid 7 an accessible for the exact measurement Has size. If you have a shift of the solenoids 1 and 2 are necessary, one must, after removing the test specimen, repeat the procedure described above Way to balance the effect of the two solenoids 1 and 2 on each other.

This preliminary test now provides a comparative value for a test series in which only Test specimens of the same shape and size are examined, created. The real one As mentioned, the measured variable is the rotation of the magnet 7 away from the zero position is necessary to re-insert the magnet 3 after the field has been amplified by the test specimen to bring the zero position. The scale of the compensator becomes better known with test specimens magnetic property or known hardness empirically calibrated.

Within a test series, the currents in both circuits remain in themselves same. With a change in the amperage in circuit II from test series to test series Of course, the evaluation of the compensator rotations also changes. With regard to the handiness of the device, you will provide for the possibility of gradually changing the current intensity in circuit II in such a way that that certain currents correspond to certain exchangeable scales.

A test execution with the apparatus always extends to a number of test specimens same size and shape. In contrast to the common magnetometric Methods, one does not bring the material into a normal form that is only designed with the measurement in mind, but rather used the test specimen in the same shape that it was made with regard to its later use. The method is therefore only a comparison method, d. H. one does not determine the volume or shape of the test specimen and taking into account These values determine the absolute magnetizability, but initially determined at a certain current strength in the magnetization circuit for a test specimen of known hardness, the rotation of the solenoid 7 and necessary to compensate for the magnet 3 hereby compares the compensation rotations that the other similarly designed test specimens correspond.

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Device for comparatively determining the hardness of paramagnetic hardness Magnetometric materials in which the deflection of the magnetic needle caused by the magnetized test piece is canceled by the adjustment of a solenoid through which current flows, which is used as a measured value. indicates that this solenoid is in one of the magnetizing current of the test piece Circuit connected in parallel, for the purpose of providing the measuring current from the magnetizing current to make independent.

1 sheet of drawings.