DE212011100166U1 - A muscle drive having a frame and at least one drive sprocket or drive disc mounted thereon - Google Patents

Abstract

Muscle drive comprising a frame (5) and fixed thereon at least one drive sprocket (6) or drive pulley connected to a drive shaft (7) via a overrunning clutch (8), characterized in that other support sprockets (16) are provided, which are surrounded by an opposing branches of a wire rope, for example a chain (9, 10) with an intermediate rod (14) which is connected to a lever (12) with a handle (13) for the application of a muscular force ( P) is formed such that a knot (4) is fastened in the projections (19) aligned with the drive rod (14), and in that a detecting opposite branch of the chain (9, 10) has a limiter (20, 21) and a drive sprocket ( 22, 23) having a ratchet (24, 25) as a overrunning clutch, which are alternately closed at a change in the direction of the run of the drive rod (14).

Description

The invention relates to a muscle drive having a frame and at least one drive sprocket or a drive pulley attached thereto, according to the preamble of the claim.

The invention belongs to engineering and can be used in muscle drives of medical technology, transportation and stationary consumers of a rotating movement.

According to ergonomics, it is necessary to consider a muscular drive as a system "the person - the machine" which is mutually beneficial. Therefore, the effectiveness of this system is not only characterized by the degree of utilization of the machine, but also by the rhythm of the work, the fatigue and the duration of the working stage without fatigue. "The mechanical work of the muscle as well as the work in the mechanism is measured as the product of the weight of the lifted charge on the size of the contracture of the muscle" [1 page 217]. It already includes biology, physics, anthropology, anatomy, the physiology of the muscular and nervous system, and chemistry.

For perfection of a muscular drive it is necessary to estimate and take into account influencing factors of these sciences on muscles of the person to define establishment and a way of decision. It was discovered "the insufficiency of our knowledge of how the small bridges in the muscles actually work". And .... "biology, physics and chemistry are so closely related that there is no limit to the specialists between them studying the different aspects of the transformation from the biological systems of chemical energy to those of mechanical work "[2 with 6].

However, useful conclusions have also been drawn in the literature which are useful in exploiting the formation of an effective muscle drive. "The ability to work depends mainly on the size of the muscle activity. If the muscles are maximally reduced, they will tire faster than in the case of submaximal reductions. In a submaximal activity, the muscles can work for a long time without fatigue ". "The work of the muscle is optimal, if the corresponding charge is not too big and not too small. "The amount of muscle work depends to a great extent on the rhythm of the work" [1, p. 223].

The concept of a work rhythm in the studied question is a timely change on growth, time and muscular strength (P) from insignificant in the zone of "recovery" to submaximal in "working zone".

There are a lot of examples in biology that confirm the above. It is a short-term attack of a cheetah and run of a long-distance runner, a lengthy many-kilometer run of a wolf and a marathon runner, a wave-like flight of a bird with the alternating cycles of wings' work and their recovery (rhythm of flight). In a muscle drive, an interval of recovery of muscular strength (P) is periodically to create or prolong to increase the duration of the period of work without fatigue.

The muscle drive for a rear wheel of a chain wheelchair with a hand slide [3] is chosen as an analog. The similar features of the analog and the invention are a device in a node ( 1 ) on a drive shaft ( 7 ) via a overrunning clutch ( 8th ) of a drive sprocket ( 6 ) with a chain drive. The utilization rate of this node is about 98%.

The lack of this drive is a loss of a part of the degree of utilization when rotating the hand slide due to the reduction of the driving force after a traction slip curve in addition to the conditional dead centers. "The muscles can actively change their length only sideways in the back stretch" [2 page 6].

The work of the muscles following the hand slid circle is ineffective, leading to a loss of rhythm in the work of the muscles and to the involvement of other weak muscles, which more than test the intensity of the work. "It leads to an increased need for oxygen in the muscles, an increased need for glycogen for the muscles (of a basic energetic substrate), increased lactate accumulation in the muscle tissue with its secretion into the blood, d. H. it leads to a reduction of the working capacity of the muscles and to their fatigue. Muscle fatigue is a reduction of the power to cut the muscles, which causes a more expressed fatigue of the working muscles "[4 pages 73-78].

From the medical literature [5 pages 81-88] of human physiology it is known that for the development of the force of muscle contraction a certain time is necessary. Increasing the power of muscle contraction happens first on a steep and then on a flowing curve. When the force reaches the submaximal intensity and the work is done (zone of work), the muscle needs rest (zone of rest). This is apparently due to the intramuscular laws of the Transformation of chemical fuel into muscle power.

The degree of utilization of the muscle working with the chemical fuel is up to 50%. It is higher than in the case of a steam engine with 15%, a gasoline engine with 20% and a diesel engine with 37% [1 page 219].

The fact of such a high level of energy in the chemical fuel of the muscles determines the search for ways of their effective use and, most importantly, the perfection of this goal of muscle propulsion.

Due to the laws of the rhythm of a muscle drive, especially its shortcomings, these are to be seen in the example of a boot coil. The submaximal effort of the oarsmen is reached at the end of a stroke of the oar and the maximum degree of utilization of the stroke with a vertical position of the oar in relation to the boat. The similar discrepancy is shown in a muscle drive in the presence in its nodes of the crank mechanism or the hand slide. To remove such a mismatch in the muscle drive is a task in a development of the node ( 1 ) posed.

As a prototype, a muscle drive is chosen, which is issued by the industry for a motorist driver [6]. A similar feature of the prototype and the invention is a node ( 2 ), which controls the muscle power ( 13 ), a lever ( 12 ) and a rod ( 14 ) perceives. With a correct geometry of the construction of this node, its degree of utilization is high. In order to achieve a maximum degree of efficiency in the node, it is necessary that the conversion of the rod ( 14 ) occurs parallel to the acting force (P) and that the force application (P) on the lever ( 12 ) takes place vertically in the middle of its position.

Not effective in the prototype is a transfer of the muscle effort (P) to the drive shaft of the crank mechanism. This deficiency is similar to the lack of the analog, although at various nodes there is a change in the driving force from the maximum to zero next to the conditional dead centers after a traction slip curve.

It is essential in the invention to increase the degree of utilization and the duration of the period of work without fatigue of the muscle drive by means of the new construction of an effective node with a rectangular curve of the degree of utilization.

The object is achieved by a muscle drive, which (similar to the essential features of the invention with the prototype) a frame ( 5 ) and at least one drive sprocket ( 6 ) or a drive pulley, the (s) with a drive shaft ( 7 ) via a overrunning clutch ( 8th ) connected is. Other support sprockets ( 16 ) are provided, which are bent away from the opposite branches of a wire rope, for example a chain ( 9 . 10 ) between the reciprocating movements of the rod ( 14 ) and with a lever ( 12 ) with a handle ( 13 ) is trained. On the rod ( 14 ) are (the peculiar essential features of the invention, sufficient for all cases) cantilevers ( 19 ) attached to the sensing opposite branch of the chain ( 9 . 10 ) and a limiter ( 20 . 21 ) and a drive sprocket ( 22 . 23 ) with a ratchet ( 24 . 25 ) (aka overhaul clutch) which, when changing the direction of the run of the rod ( 14 ) are alternately closed.

We will use the term "the subtotal zone" of muscle propulsion. The zone of indefinite size, which adjoins the dead center of the mechanism of the knot, has specific properties, qualities mostly negative.

In practice, crank drives or hand slides are widely used. For the first case of a Subtotzone the degree of utilization falls to zero. The increasing firmness is partly perceived by man as an increase in the strength of the outside air, which he tries to overcome with an increase in the intensity of the work of muscle power. This leads to an unwarranted wasteful increase in the effort added.

In the second case, the degree of utilization of the work of the main contractile muscles decreases because of their inability to fulfill the circular labor movements and the connection of the work of other muscle groups. The muscle groups are weaker than the main muscles, resulting in fatigue. And in the state of fatigue, the human being is not able to support the required level of intensity, or he is forced to distance himself from its continuation [1 page 223]. In any case, a meeting in the Subtotzone is undesirable. The best result is to exclude the Subtotzone from the general scheme of the muscle drive.

• 1) ein Triebmoment auf der Antriebswelle (7) seine Richtung nicht verändert;
• 2) es keinen Leerlauf bei dem Griff (13) „auf sich” oder „von sich” gibt;
• 3) der Durchgang des hinteren Rads ausgespart ist;
• 4) die günstige Bedingung für eine wirksamere Nutzung der chemischen Energie der Muskeln dadurch geschaffen ist:
• a) die Ausnahme von der Amplitude der Bewegung der Triebstange (14 der Subtotzonen;
• b) die Versorgung einer Beständigkeit des Nutzungsgrads im gesamten Weg der Bewegung der Triebstange (14);
• 5) die mögliche Unterbringung der Zonen der „Erholung” und der „Arbeit” der Muskeln auf der ganzen Länge des Laufs der Triebstange (14) mit einem veränderlichen Rhythmus der Reihenfolge ihrer Dauer erfolgt;
• 6) in der Ausarbeitung der Erfindung mit der Nutzung des Internets und eines Versuchsschaltungsaufbaus die Menge der Knoten mit der Nutzung verschiedener Arten einer flexiblen Verbindung von Greifern und Umschaltern zu untersuchen ist und die Mehrheit der Knoten wegen der Unmöglichkeit der konstruktiven Kopplung zwischen den Knoten (1) und (2), wegen der Unzuverlässigkeit in der Arbeit, die sich bei dem Test der Modelle der Knoten (der Klemmreibung, des Steckenbleibens etc.) abgelehnt sind;
• 7) im Endergebnis aus den Scherben der Ideen in verschiedenen Probeknoten der Knoten (4), befriedigend alle früher vorgelegte Forderungen, zu entwickeln ist.

Now the next stage of finding the conclusion of the task for the muscle drive with effective nodes ( 1 . 2 . 3 ), a missing node ( 4 ) and the reciprocating rod ( 14 ) so with the opposite branches of the chain ( 9 . 10 ) of the node ( 1 ) to connect that:

• 1) a drive torque on the drive shaft ( 7 ) does not change its direction;
• 2) there is no idle at the handle ( 13 ) "On his own" or "of himself";
• 3) the passage of the rear wheel is recessed;
• 4) the favorable condition for a more efficient use of the chemical energy of the muscles is created by:
• a) the exception to the amplitude of the movement of the rod ( 14 the subtotal zone;
• b) the maintenance of a degree of efficiency throughout the whole movement of the rod ( 14 );
• 5) possible accommodation of zones of "recovery" and "work" of muscles on the whole length of the course of the rod ( 14 ) with a variable rhythm of the order of their duration;
• 6) in the elaboration of the invention with the use of the Internet and a test circuit setup, the amount of nodes to be examined with the use of different types of flexible connection of grippers and switches and the majority of nodes because of the impossibility of constructive coupling between the nodes ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), because of the unreliability in the work rejected in the test of the models of knots (the clamping friction, the sticking, etc.);
• 7) in the end result from the shards of ideas in different sampling nodes of the nodes ( 4 ), satisfying all previously submitted demands, is to be developed.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it:

1 a scheme of a muscle drive,

2 a section AA after 1 .

3 the curves of the degree of utilization and

4 the calculation scheme of the node 2 ,

In 1 is a schematic of a four-node muscle drive 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 shown on a frame 5 are attached. The knot 1 has at least one drive sprocket 6 on that with a drive shaft 7 via a overhaul clutch 8th is connected and that of an opposite branch of a chain 9 . 10 is enclosed.

The knot 2 points, attached on an axis 11 , a retrograde movements lever 12 with a handle 13 and a sliding block 14 up, over an axis 15 with the lever 12 connected is.

The knot 3 has a Stützkettenrad 16 on, over an axis 17 on a bar 18 to tension the opposite branch of the chain 9 . 10 is attached.

The knot 4 points to the rod 14 fortified overhangs 19 on, the opposite branch of the chain 9 . 10 to capture. Thereby are a limiter 20 . 21 and a drive sprocket 22 . 23 with a ratchet 24 . 25 or a Überholungskupplung provided in a change in the direction of the run of the rod 14 alternately closed or disconnected and with the rod 14 are connected.

When tightening (or pushing) the handle 13 of the lever 12 is the muscle effort (P) on the drive rod 14 transferred as well as on the overhangs 19 with the limiters attached to them 20 . 21 and drive sprockets 22 . 23 as well as the reciprocating movements along the opposite branches of the chain 9 . 10 ,

When moving the rod 14 to the left is the drive sprocket 22 with the ratchet 24 closed and moves the opposite branch of the chain 9 to the left and creates on the drive sprocket 6 a driving moment (M) counterclockwise. When moving the rod 14 to the right is the drive sprocket 22 with the ratchet 24 off. The drive sprocket 23 with the ratchet 25 is closed and moves the opposite branch of the chain 10 to the right. The support sprocket 16 shifts the branch of the chain 9 to the left and creates on the drive sprocket 6 a driving moment (M) counterclockwise.

Thus, the muscle power (P) in the reciprocating movements of the rod becomes 14 in a drive moment (M) with a constant direction on the drive sprocket 6 converted counterclockwise and through the overhaul clutch 8th on the drive shaft 7 transfer.

In 3 the curves of the degree of utilization of the prototype and the invention are shown. At equality of radii OC = 5 cm of the crank mechanism of the prototype and the drive sprocket 6 of the invention are the compared maximum ordinates of the curves of the degree of utilization: OC = AB = DE
HCG - the curve of the degree of utilization of the prototype
ACE - the unfolded curve of HCG utilization
AE = 0.5 pHG
ABDE - the curve of the degree of utilization of the node 4 the invention.

The curve ABDE definitely covers the curve of the prototype HCG. And the closer to the Subtotzone (to the dead points A and E) the Submaximum effort is added, the greater the effect of increasing the degree of utilization of the invention in relation to the prototype. And from observations in the nature, on a boat the maximum effort of oarsmen and the highest part of trajectory of bird flight etc., it is possible to conclude that in the muscular drive the maximum effort regulated by a work rhythm, is reached by muscle , and after a time in the second half of the run of the rod 14 comes.

So the muscle effort (P) in the invention becomes knot 4 (the ordinate AB) always to the turning moment on the drive sprocket 6 fully converted, while in the subtotal zone (next to points A and E) of the prototype the degree of utilization drops to zero.

To the technical result of the invention, one can relate the effect of a functional comfortable change of the hands movement to opposite at any point of the cycle of work and without dead centers A and E.

In 4 is a calculation scheme in the application of the node 2 of the prototype in the invention. ML = 34 cm - the general conversion of muscle power (P) according to the anthropological mind.
TC = 10 cm - the conversion of the rod 14 of the prototype,
RN = 10 × 0.5 P = D 5.7 cm - the change of the rod 14 the invention,
a = 71.4 cm - the circumference of the prototype,
b = 0.5 p × 21 = 33 cm - the scope of the invention,
c = 21 cm - the size of the prototype, ML = LM = P,
RN = NR = P × a / b - the effort on the drive rod 14 about the force (P),
P - the muscle effort on the handle 13 .
a, b, c - the length of the levers of the forces, Q = RN × r / l,
Q - the transverse force of the drive sprockets 22 . 23 on the branches of the chain 9 . 10 in his plane,
r - the radius of the drive sprocket 6 .
l - the length of the rod 14 ,

The transverse force Q can be from the branches of the chain 9 . 10 or an additionally established guideway are perceived in a known manner. In the invention, if the expected increase in the duration of the working period is confirmed without fatigue and increases within 120-150%, for example, in a test of the useful experimental model, the need for such a muscle drive will increase significantly. And the further rational use of chemical fuel by the muscles means an increase in the earth's energy resources without additional costs.

The manufacture of all elements of the nodes of the invention presents no difficulties and can be done in series. The ratchet can be more complicated to manufacture 24 . 25 look at the overhangs 19 is aligned. But such a decision can already be carried out in series by the industry, for example double ringed ratchets of various sizes.

As a technical result it is possible to refer to "expansion of a range of technical means of a certain purpose". But they are far too numerous, according to the given demand, to explain them all. The invention is applicable in some fields of technology on the territory of the whole globe. It means the ecology and the corridor traffic in the small and large cities. And also in far less densely populated districts there is a need of use of the additional electric power renewed by muscular energy. The use of the invention is possible both by the healthy population of the planet and by invalids.

• – die Hilfsdienstleistungen (7, die Regel 4),
• – die Beschäftigung (7, die Regel 7),
• – die Aufrechterhaltung der Einkommen und die Sozialfürsorge (7, die Regel 8),
• – Erholung und Sport (7, die Regel 11) und eine Reihe anderer Fragen.

Since the invention extends the field of application of the equipment of medical technology, one can according to the rules [ 7] to refer to the new features of the technical result the conclusion of the following questions:

• - auxiliary services ( 7 , Rule 4),
• - employment ( 7 , the rule 7 )
• - the maintenance of income and social welfare ( 7 , the rule 8th )
• - recreation and sport ( 7 , the rule 11 ) and a number of other questions.

States have to design, production, distribution and operation of auxiliary equipment and the equipment and also distribution of information about it (7, Rule 4, item 2 ) support.

The literature

• 1. IS Bretov. The general physiology of the muscular and nervous system. Medgiz - 1959-M. Pages 219-223 ,
• Second K. Bagshow. The muscle cuts. M. Mir. 1985. page 6 ,
• 3. The patent RU N2000094 , Class A61 G5, publication 07.09.93.
• 4th Vinogradova OL and others. The consumption of muscle glycogen at high intensity short-term work depending on its initial content. The physiology of man. 1991. T. 17 No. 3. pp. 73-78 ,
• 5th Koryak Yu. L. Contractile features of the anterior tibial muscle in athletes of various specialties and non-athletes. The physiology of man. 1991. T. 17 No. 2, pages 82-88 ,
• 6. The wheelchair
  
  The passport
  
  2,945,062 passport service Kirovograd.
• 7th The standardized rules of providing the same opportunities for invalids. Resolution 48/96 of the General Assembly of the United Nations, December 20, 1993 ,

Claims (1)

Muscle drive, a frame ( 5 ) and at least one drive sprocket ( 6 ) or a drive pulley, which with a drive shaft ( 7 ) via a overrunning clutch ( 8th ), characterized in that other support sprockets ( 16 ) are provided, which are surrounded by an opposing branches of a wire rope, for example a chain ( 9 . 10 ) with an intervening rod ( 14 ) with a lever ( 12 ) with a handle ( 13 ) is designed for a system of muscle power (P), that a node ( 4 ) in the on the rod ( 14 ) aligned projections ( 19 ) and that a sensing opposite branches of the chain ( 9 . 10 ) a limiter ( 20 . 21 ) and a drive sprocket ( 22 . 23 ) with a ratchet ( 24 . 25 ) as a overrunning clutch, which in a change in the direction of the run of the rod ( 14 ) are alternately closed.

Images