DE2115758B2 - FIRE DETECTOR - Google Patents

Description

can be seen or the fire alarm is widely distributed or mounted in a large building suid To avoid these disadvantages, it is known to connect the fire alarm individually via appropriate lines to the central unit, but you need complex and unwieldy cabling with high installation costs It has been proposed to provide each of the fire alarms with an oscillator which generates a characteristic frequency when it is triggered, and to provide a frequency detector in the central unit which determines the relevant fire alarm. However, in comparison with the known arrangement, thus, although significant improvements are eraeben the fire warning relatively extensive and ^k ° Se ^P delivery of the invention is to cheapening of such Feuermeldeaniage, rapid identification of the respective marketed for responding fire detector we.che possible. In particular, despite the use of cheap components for their identification, the individual fire alarms should offer security against incorrect response in the event of a fire, so that the source of the fire can be detected at the central point.

This object is achieved in a fire alarm system of the type mentioned in that according to the invention the filters of the fire alarms elektromechamfehe Are resonance filters with a resonator and a lock for the resonator, which in the quiescent

state prevents oscillations of the resonator and in the alarm state the resonator is stimulated by the assigned frequency of the frequency ^{mixture for} 1 £

ok

⁴ etall

F * & ⁶ «« ^ ^a1 ^ f weTche'rTe invention an-FeuenneUkanla e,

is turned and _{the further}

Fig. ^^ S ^ appropriate fire alarm system.

_rings c «rder ^" ggj ^ _bek annten FeuerBsi de m hfri 8 _{fire alarms} 10-1, is «ne απζ ^ _Le _ _{ter χ and} j

two input terminals 7 are connected. These relays 12, emen _{ls battery} ones shown, _{Err erwicklun} g input terminals 7 _wide ren Stromversor-

13 of the

1 £ ge the lock are the resonators in normal Monitoring state where the fire alarms did not respond, prevented from doing so vibrate and only released for vibrations when the fire alarm has responded, damn the characteristic vibrations then in the and18 one

contains em J ^
Power supply

des Re ¹ ^ T. _{dnen wider} Stro. ₅ and 8 ^ ^ _{1 a} "s AC power source

»T is and in ^" fgS ^ fi ^ contact of relay 12, undüe _{ators l6 like}

Indicator lamp 15 and a g. ^ _Ch

* o eme bell horn or similar _{fire alarm} 10

es eme large number ve scm ^^ ^

there, ^355ε \ ⁵ ; ^ ·. ^ _οη ^ represent, the one in response ^ o \ ^^ on ^^ , _{like this} . "

chen f ^ X ^ nschaulicht is. ^ ¹ S; ' ^SLI1CI '. _Fire alarm responds, then if only the fire mei ^ ^μ _{5ΐΓΟΠΐν6Γ5ΟΓ} .

a stream closes via ^^ ^

gungsten 13 ™ * ™ * ™ £ lamp 15 as well as the tone then close_and the lamp ^ ^^

generato 16 m Tahgkei ^ g _{n leinheit although} the puermelderan ^^ _{and dnen}

Fact one, ^ uberausbrucnes B _{where that}

Wise excited when any of the fire alarms respond. - _dn execution example

^ " _fi Tn ^ rlLtert Again an allusion to the invention is explained W.eae ^

number of ^F ^ ™ ^ ^e ™ ¹ ^ _m J de _{n input} terminal

™ J, bd are.

4 « 8 ^ _everyone can recognize the fire alarms of the 10-1> ^ t,« si fire alarm from a fire alarm from «""« _d

one

nators of the other fire alarms not against one of ours is known in more detail

Intentional swinging would be blocked, then know the individual. ^ »8 ^enau ^ f ^r £ _{each ht}

th wrong identification frequency signals to the central unit k> t «si

arrive and have doubts about the actual location of one

Let the fire break out. This would ^^^^

but the immediate introduction of targeted measures ₅ o «n ^« - ^

^Sel Die ^b trn rSTn hand of the representations of Sr Stroln 21 and 22 ^ execution examples explained in more detail in the following.

with

F, T, a schematic, partially, n block diagram 55 a, «ng executed circuit diagram of a known fire station, 24 23 un _; l one the

1 ^? ^ \ Partially in the example of an illustration, it Circuit diagram of a fire alarm system according to the invention using lomsation smoke keys 4th

27

y, Ν

«Ulwc-iscn. , η, η ^, the

ι ig. ., Circuit diagrams to explain the operating mode the in F i g. 2 shown fire alarm system,

4 shows an ionization smoke detector according to a another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows representations to explain the mode of operation of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 6,

two ionization chambers 19 and 20: is and its Kolleklor-Emilie-V-'v.1 load resistor 28 is between the ocnc, ansd Iu sse4t and a nested Sihziumcnthalt, whose H; .upistrcurrent path between the terminals 4 and 5 and its control electrode over a zener diode 39 ι

; Field effect transistor 27 is connected. At the source 14, an indicator lamp 15 and a sound

; Connections 4 and 5 is always a certain generator 16, which in the same way as with the

\ drive voltage, which from the power supply part 13 central unit 11 of FIG. 1 are arranged.

! the central unit 11 is supplied. For example, if the smoke alarm 10-1 as a result

I If smoke in the open ionization chamber 20 5 of the penetration of smoke into the open ionization chamber

i penetrates, its in-chamber 20 increases in a known manner, then the controlled SiIi-

I pedanz, and the voltage at the control electrode of the zium rectifier 30 in the conductive state

!; Field effect transistor 27 rises so that it also switches and bridges the two connections 7

I collector-emitter current of the transistor increases and 8 of the central processing unit 11. This activates the relay

I and the emitter voltage increases. If it exceeds io 12 excited and an alarm signal in the at F i g. 1 loading

i generated the value of the zener voltage of the zener diode as described above. At the same time, the

I 29, then the controlled silicon rectifier 30 tuning fork resonator 32 through the bias

I switched on and forms a bridge between the winding of the electromagnet 31 excited.

I the two conductors 1 and 2. In this state, the changeable one is

I The frequency filter 18 consists of an electrical 15 frequency generator 35 in operation and changes

I mechanical filter with a tuning fork 32, one its frequency within a wide range, then

ί Electromagnet 31, which, as a magnetostrictive wall, reaches its signal of variable frequency via the

I ler and one leg of the tuning fork against the excitation winding of the electromagnet 31 to the FiI-

t, and a piezoelectric transducer, which, however, only applies to the case of the frequency /,

I element 34, which can pass through on the other leg of the voice 20, but then the piezoelectric

; fork is attached. Excites around one leg of the element 34 and to the output connection 6

; Electromagnet 31 has got a bias winding. This signal then passes through the

! wound between the cathode of the controlled line 3 to the central unit 11, is through the

Silicon rectifier 30 and the second connection 5 rectifier 36 is rectified and connected with the aid of the In- \ , while a 25 indicator 37 is displayed around the other leg. In this way, the I excitation winding is arranged, which is between the fire alarm 10-1, which has responded to the; Connections 4 and 5 can be determined via a block capacitor 33 central unit 11 by the Fre- \ is connected. The piezoelectric transducer frequency of the variable frequency generator 35 is connected to the third connection 6 corresponding to the maximum display of the indicator 37, which is connected to the third conductor 3. 3 ° is read. If any of the other fire

As is known, in the resonance state this can be triggered in the same way, the fire alarm that hits the electromagnetic filter in this embodiment can be determined from the frequency which the ^! indicated by an equivalent four-pole maximum display of the indicator 37 results.

shown in Fig. 3 (1). The substitute Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of one

The circuit diagram consists of an electrical converter 35 ionization smoke sensor with an opposite Fig. 2 section 38 with the parallel connection of an inductive-modified electromechanical filter. The filter : vitätLl and a capacity Cl and a mecha- here consists of an exciter magnet 31, a-

Niche transducer 39 with the series connection of a tuning fork 32 and a take-off magnet 41. Επα ; Inductance Ml, a capacitance Sl and a Wi- leg of the exciter magnet 31 is a permanent

derstand R, which of the mass, slope and the 4 ° magnet designed to constantly bias the tuning fork 32 into mechanical resistance of the mechanical part of an activated state. That corresponds to the filter. variable frequency generator 35 the connection '

The electromagnetic filter of the fire alarms fed AC signal passes through the p-10-1, 10-2 ... 10-n of the fire alarm system have controlled silicon rectifiers 30 and the excitation their own resonance frequencies / “/., ... /“, which 45 winding of the exciter magnet 31 and excessively loud : by the choice of the above-mentioned 'components are supplied by the power supply part 13'

: to be determined. When an alternating current signal is the direct current and is taken from the Abnahmewickh.nj

; Frequency / j to the filter 18 of the fire alarm 10-1, both pick-up magnets 41 recorded when,!: R

[has responded, for example, via the excitation winding of the electric smoke sensor.

magnet 31, arrives, then it passes through the filter 50 Da in the embodiment described above ^. and appears at the output terminal 6, since the series forms the electromechanical filter as a four-pole resonant circuit 39 because of its resonant frequency f ₁ , the system requires at least three, it only slightly attenuates. However, the input signal has conductors. It is known that such an electrical frequency cannot be different from Z ₁ , then the tromechanical filter with four terminals but also the filter is not in resonance and causes a strong 55 to be transformed into a two-pole by attenuating the attenuation, so that the signal is practically not at the on - the output terminals with a suitable countercircuit 6 appears. This state can be completed on hand. In this case the equiv of F i g. 3 (2) explain in which of the series resolente equivalent circuit diagram of the filter in the resonance state nanzkreis 39 by an open switch 40 through the circuit shown in FIG. 5 (1) and im out of response. 60 sensitive state by the in F i g. 5 (2)

According to FIG. 2, the central unit 11 also contains an illustrative circuit. As in the case of de an adjustable frequency generator 35, which between F i g. 3, a signal of the resonance frequency dei see the terminals 7 and 8 connected, pass through a series resonance circuit 39, while signal · see the terminals 8 and 9 switched rectifier other frequency neither through the series resonance ter 36 and in addition to the relay 12 an indicator 65 circle 39 through the Parallelrescnarizkreis 38 out 37, for example a voltmeter, which the size can be passed through and blocked by the filter of the output signal of the rectifier 36, using this principle, the number de Furthermore, a direct current source 13, an alternating current required conductor can be reduced to two.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, an indicator lamp 15 and a tone fig. 6: It contains a plurality of detector generator 16, which has the same function as that of 10-1,10-2. . . 10-n, the first of which, 10-1, fulfills FIG. 1 for more detailed information. In addition, the central unit contains Representation is drawn in section, while a low-pass filter 43 from a choke coil 45 and others are given in block form. The detectors 5 capacitors 46 and 47, which between the Resind is connected in parallel between a pair of conductors I and 2 rail 12 and the power supply part 13, switches, which with a pair of input terminals 7 and a high-pass filter 44 from a choke coil 48 and 8 of a central unit II are connected. The and capacitors 49 and 50, which between the other ends of the conductors 1 and 2 are connected to a terminal 7 and 8. Between that High-pass filter 42 completed, which is the same io high-pass filter 44 and the connection 8 in turn Current component of a signal blocks, for the alternating a variable frequency generator 35 and an island current component on the other hand, a specific impulse indicator 37 is switched on. The indicator 37 has one danz represents. Multiple indicator lights that indicate the detector

The detectors 10-1, 10-2 ... 10-n have clever 10-1, 10-2 ... 10-n and with the help of mechanical filter sections 18-1, 18-2 ... 18- n and 15 of an alternating current are brought to light up who switch sections 40-1, 40-2 ... 40-n with working ends, which exceeds a certain value. Of contacts. The switches are connected in parallel between an indicator 37 connected to the variable frequency gene pair conductors 1 and 2, the filters are connected to each other so that the detectors are connected in series with the first conductor 1. The switches 10-! to 10-n corresponding indicator lamps in sections contain make contacts, which are operated by 20 correspondence with the change sequence of the Freein bimetal element. The filter sequences Z ₁ to Z _{n of} the generator 35 successively in sections contain tuning fork resonators with each line switched on. The other terminal because of the characteristic resonance frequencies Z-Z _{2 of} the power supply part 13 and the connection 8 ... Z "- are connected to ground. This is how the

Like the dashed block of the detector 10-1 in the 25 DC voltage component of the input signal

can be seen individually, each of the detectors consists of the relay 12 and the AC voltage component

a cylindrical housing 51 made of a suitable component over the indicator 37.

Material such as metal or synthetic resin, an insulating If none of the detectors addressed during operation has 52, which is attached to the bottom of the housing 51, the contacts of all switch sections and an insulating support rod 55 as well as a voice 30 40-1 to 40- n open, and all of the filter sections are held by fork 32, furthermore a thermally shaped form 18-1 to 18-n take the form shown in FIG. 5 (2), the heat sensing element 53 shown as one in the state. If the frequency of the generator 35 top of the housing 51 attached bimetal plate now changes from Z ₁ to Z _n , therefore neither flows in and a mesh hood 54. The support rod 55 through direct current nor an alternating current through the Leidringt above the Wärmefühlclcment 53, so that its 35 ter 1 and 2, since neither movement is not disturbed for the direct current component, and carries a pair of normally open contacts 56 and 57 on its upper nor for the alternating current component of the signal side. A closed circuit is formed. If ever heat-sensing element 53 is in its original form one of the detectors, for example the first fire shape, is bent concavely downwards, like the gems 10-1 according to FIG. 7, responds, so when its broken lines show in the drawing, and carries 40 heat-sensing element 35 is heated and upwards on its lower surface a locking block 59. It is deflected as shown in the figure, then the is arranged that the Contact block 59 touches the upper side of the lower contact 56 in contact with the upper one of the tuning fork 32 and brought its vibration into contact 57, so that the conductors 1 and 2 briefly suppressed this position. If, however, it is closed by, and at the same time the blocking effect of heat in the convex upward-facing block 59 releases the bust of the tuning fork 32, so that the curved shape is bent, which can swing in the drawing, the equivalent circuit diagram of is shown in solid lines, then expresses its upper Fig. 5 (1) applies. In this state, the equal surface can flow the lower contact 56 against the upper current component through the relay 12 and contact 57 . If the 50 component of the frequency / ,, which is only connected through the filter fire alarm according to the drawing, section of the fire alarm 10-1 has been blocked then the contacts 56 and 57 via the contact was able to flow through the indicator 37 and the pins 67 and 66 connected to conductors 1 and 2, light up the corresponding lamp. If the tuning fork resonator 32 and the tuning fork resonator 32 is in series with the frequency generator 35, its frequency changes over the entire first conductor over the piezoelectric elements 55, the elements 60 and 61 and the contact pins 69 and 70 are therefore activated. switches automatically. indicated by the indicator 37, and at the same time

The equivalent circuit of tuning fork resonator 32 will give an alarm signal if any of the

this embodiment is also shown in Fig. 5 (1) in fire alarms due to the outbreak of a fire.

Resonance and in fig. 5 (2) has addressed 60 out of response.

give. Since it is assumed in FIG. 6 that only one FIG. 7 represents a variant of the central unit 11

Fire alarm 10-1 has responded, are the alarms. Here is the variable frequency generator

Sub-sections of the other detectors shown openly, 35 by a plurality of fixed frequency generators

and the series resonance circuits 39 (Fig. 5) are replaced from 35-1, 35-2, 35-3 ... 35- «, which the frequencies

the filter sections of the other detectors 65 zen Z ₁ , Z ₂ , f _a - ■ -f _n generate, and the indicator exists

calmly. from a plurality of assemblies accordingly

The central unit 11 also contains an electrode frequency Z ₁ to / "with band filters 74-1 to 74-n

magnetic relay 12, two power supply parts with the resonance frequencies Z ₁ to f ", amplifiers

75-1 through 75-11, rectifiers 76-1 through 76-n, and indicator lights 77-1 through 77-M.

In operation, alternating current signals with the frequencies /, to / "from the generators 35-1 to 35-n generated and amplified by an amplifier 72 and finally via a switch 73 und_die Connections 7 and 8 to the parallel connected fire alarms 10-1 to 10- / I. Has one of the fire alarms addressed and lets through the characteristic frequency, then the signal comes this frequency back to the central unit 11, passes through the appropriate band filter, is amplified and rectified and brings the relevant fire

10

avoid corresponding indicator lamp to light up. That part of the central unit which the DC component processed to generate the alarm signal may be the same as in FIG be previously described embodiment and is therefore not in the central unit 11 according to FIG specially shown.

The system described above allows easy determination of the central unit where the ίο fire has broken out so that a number of fire alarms can be monitored centrally. Farther the fire alarms are fairly simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (5)

changing measured value analog modulated. This Mo patent claims: dulation takes place with the help of a corresponding measured value converter and modulator in a bypass 1. Fire alarm system with a plurality of circuits, which parallel the high-frequency carrier to a central unit leading 5 around the power station. Further Line connected fire alarms, which is referred to in this patent specification on the possibility of a emit an electrical signal when a fire breaks out and which each have a filter with a characteristic measured variables indicated, which in a periodic Pass frequency included, with also see cycle of the carrier oscillation modulated on The central unit becomes a generator for generating and at the evaluation location according to this Mogung a frequency mixture, which the chadulation cycles are separated from each other again, characteristic frequencies of all fire alarms. A further development of this well-known modular core contains and can be fed to the fire alarms; a frequency discriminator and a font 645 662 for the transmission of a larger one Alarm device contains, characterized by the number of measured values described, for which the that the filter (18) of the fire alarm individual measuring stations not cyclically after one (10) electromechanical resonance filters are queried with a time division multiplex principle, but only Resonator (tuning fork 32) and a lock by special call signals to modulate the (Bias winding 31V; blocking block 59) for carrier oscillation. the resonator (32), which in the idle state 20 It is also from the German patent Prevents vibrations of the resonator (32) and 850 905 a multi-channel transmission system with in the alarm state the resonator (32) is known to the frequency carriers that are in the excitation by the assigned frequency of the Fre- central unit provided tone frequency generator releases quenzgemisches. via a long-distance line to the individual stations 2. Fire alarm system according to claim!, Thereby 25 are transmitted. The keying of the tone frequencies characterized in that the resonator takes place a tuning corresponding to a signal fork to be transmitted (32) is. follow so that the sound frequencies are sent to each 3. Fire alarm system according to claim 1 or 2, stations are practically modulated. This mode thereby characterized in that the lock by lationsinhalt is in the receiving center of the central line Bias winding (31 V) of an exciter unit 30 determined and displayed. So long magnets (31) of the resonator is formed, with no modulation of the audio frequency is done Help the exciter magnet for the excitation also no display. of the resonator through the frequency mixture. From the German patent specification 578 019 is further- is magnetizable. the use of mechanical resonators for 4. Fire alarm system according to claim 2, characterized 35 the purpose of synchronizing two rotating characterized in that the lock is known by an in the switch. For this purpose, on the encoder side Rest state on the legs of the tuning fork resonators of different frequencies through pins (32) adjoining component (blocking block 59) of a single rotating roller in succession to form a Schwin heat sensor element (53) is formed. stimulated, which via lines to a 5. Feuermeldeanldge according to claim 4, characterized in that 40 magnets are transmitted on the receiver side, characterized in that the heat sensor element of the corresponding reeds to vibrate (53) a contact (56, 57) activating Bi- excites. The respectively vibrating reed tongue abuts the metal plate. _{gen e} in the end of an associated lever, the other end of which is thereby disengaged from a pin of the 45 receiver roller is brought, which is then until the next pin hits the The next lever rotates, which in turn when the next frequency occurs in the magnet through the The invention relates to a fire alarm system with the relevant reed is operated,
a plurality of fire alarms from fire or smoke alarms connected in parallel to a central line connected to a central line and each of which is a filter connected to a central unit, which contain a power supply characteristic transmission frequency, wherein part and contains an alarm device. If one of the furthermore the central unit responds to the generator for generating fire alarms, then a circuit is closed over the generation of a frequency mixture, which contains the character- power supply part and the alarm device over the ristic frequencies of all fire alarms concerned fire alarms, and that and the fire alarms can be fed, and an alarm device generates an alarm signal. This alarm frequency discriminator and an alarm device signal is contained in such a fire alarm system. 60 _me r generated when at least one of the fire alarms One is addressed from German patent specification 606 610, but it is not known which one Circuit for measured value transmission with the help of high fire alarm has responded. So you can go with Frequent carriers via a power supply line in such fire alarm systems determine that, knows. Here, the high-frequency carrier speed is used, but not where a fire has broken out. For this In accordance with the measured variable 65 to be transmitted, further measures must then be used, either through rhythmic interruptions in, for example, a fire search party. These pulse-modulated or also amplitude-modulated. However, measures are very laborious, in particular The carrier wave is generated according to a large number of fire alarms.