DE2057736C - Test device for applying electromagnetic pulses to test objects in the simulation of nuclear weapons explosions - Google Patents

Description

. .! iaiKierhe ^ cndcn coverings, ilen R; iimi / um r-'inhrm- ■ vn »Te ·· Prullings Ivgren / endcn Pp.iik'Uidensat.'i an-.:ei.hlos-en > iiul iiinl your terminals also one ■:!: L il-.m a HeLv: tlc *. Prtitkondcn-alors about the ; ·. '. ι iiyi-1 iuhi k 11-- < Lii um! e <iie Schaii In nk jiivi rcrkt.

. •! •! ■ '.unk new Ziisai.'L-ndcnsaLM' ρ irallel uesJialtel id. lint mil .11 ¹ JiH dem l'uifk. nJen-.ai ·. ν parallel ■ • e '- .. Illegi: Damp! ti η :: sw, dcrsiand.
I Ίΐ / jliie characteristics of the erfuKlumi-'jemäl.'icn Lin-

chnmg are known 'Hudi von Frunze !: Impulse - .. vhmk. Leipzig. l'Hiii, S. lld and DV-C) S I 4SS ') 47)

■ become, for example, 1 ¹ Iipni-11 uη ■ i ■ μ raali · run in. r Sviiv.-eiiiieehnik henul / i. So far, however, there are still .'ii'e S.! I.iimnu - .; iiii'i \ lni'.nüen η 1Ίι Impiilsi'-ansiorma-1 '· ι.γ. i "'WaiuUivwovJen. die deicu Ycrw ^ mJiiii'J / ur' - 'Mv.hemiig der hei kernwaliene * plosMiien aul'lret ■" ■! .- i'i electrical unfortunately allow Inliali des ■ ü.k 1; ·. ·. lic; i ikiiit'hens il duration of the 'wvinhiiui'uni ■ -. ■■■■ /. · well-known visual principle / ipieu / ur I rrei-ί; nu of this purpose. School / is therefore only; iir il ■; f. 1. all of the features de- claim ·. I bc.m-> not.

'. iemalj a b -.- \ 01 / iiiHen Au-Iuliriiiigslonn der ■ 'iüiduiiu eniliali the Pn'ifcini'ichiimü one / widen

■ miaiv-jrgie supplying storage condenser. the . '■, τ an in / eilliuier dependency / around main -.' 'I.ilier operated white switches with a '.nr-

..v.eise from ivicr single winduivj beslehenuen LcK.Tschlcife is connected, which uniiehlielit the hardly / um ■ iiibrineen de ^ Hriiflinus uniiehlielit. \\ cile '\ \ iT · .. ^·:.: 11 ι F i sj -Xusuestall'.inL'en the eili ^ .kmysüe-wet !; ΓΊ uiemiKlitiiny are CieuenNland der 1 nieraiispi iiche ί ii 'die I Hieran, pn.ii_iie v.ird Schul / nur m Veibm-νΗΐϋμ with the I laupianspruch Ivuchrt.

Hamlet I -in / clheilcn and characteristics of! Iiindun ;: .ί ··. · Ηοη emerge from the following detailed! '. ..hreihuiik! and the drawing in which Iv \ 'r / ui'.le \ ii-! iihrunL ¹ .forms of the l ^; rlindunL 'example \ vrin> ^eliaiii: (lu Sinil..

In the drawing / eiyi

! 1 ;. ' 1 tablespoon J-) bespjroehene leklstai kendia-Liamu ,. 'Ae'elic.N vnii der erlindiiniisiieinälien I ¹ TiIf-.' Uirii litiiny / u simulieieii i> t,

I 1 1 :. 2 em Sehallscheina a first Aii ^ fahru:; ': - f τπι emer! 'riiicinrielilimg / ur I i / eiiyunü one e! ckIrischen leidsliirkeveklois,

l · i g »a Si. hallsehenia one / while Au.sfuh- -iiMdsform einer ΙΊ iifemrichtuny. hot next to that electric I .'ld: - 'ärke \ ck> or also a magnetic one 1 eld acts on the test item,

I 'i L- I a! Diagram of the one with the' calls' message Some electrical strengths.

! ■ 'i il. 5 a schemaiisclien Otierselinili by the core of the ramfoimutor and

I ig. 6a and u h schematic H'Ui / ontalschnitic by two veischieiiene pus loops. which surround the l'riifiaum and generate a magnetic field.

With a ! ioi hspamuini's source I. the. \ or / iig-.wei.se from the NeI / is fed [\ im \ a Iloehspanniingsiiansforinal'ii with nachgeschalleier CiU'iehriehterani .rdnung enihali, a Speieheik.Midensalor 2 is mailed up, the elw.i 10 to 50 kV I adespannuiiM has and depending on the Cirolie net system about MHKi to M) (KKlWs I nert'ieinhali besii / i over a releasable lliii |) i -.clialk'r. <der /.Ii a Ciaseniladumisslicikc uter also eiiu \\ n \ luinische \ orrichums. ¹ -a can, the I-'iieniie of the Npeicha kondei ^ ai · · ι ■ 2 of the primary winding 4 of a m special way aiisgehildeieu rraiisformalois 5 / ugeflected.

The primary winding 4 of the 1 ransloimalois 5 consists of only a few turns, so that, for example, with a winding of In kV gear at ι el can be. WeLhcr is tubular formed or hollow prismatic in (icgensai / / u pulse transformers Loren for high frequency hai the crlindungsgemäß formed rransfiirmaior 5 is a group consisting of lamelliei lein F.iscnblech core.. I i g., ^S / eigi as an example a Fisei'kcin 6. which has a quadrati-.cb.en tjuerscT.nni. Between the primal winding 4 and ilen) core a possible little air space is provided as an insulating film, so that no air space does not arise due to l: isen aus.vl'nilie Resiiiulukii \ iliu. IJie secondary reference m: ig 7 des l'transformalors 5 isi on the contrary: uir liblkhcn lcchink only mil Ιο-. coupling opposite the core fi and the Pnriarw! el · development 4 arranged. so that it is essentially responsive to the change in the field strength mi I isenkern 6 with time.

If you close the I laupisc haller 3, there is .u a ι iszi'ila'.ioii in the resonant circuit consisting of capacitor 2 and primary winding 4. Due to the dampening fishnet 6. the extremely high damping ^for such frequencies lvs.ii / l, this oscillation results in only a few oscillations. Immediately after closing the main switch 3 .steigt the Feldslarke in I -.isenkern 6 mil on a sharp kink \ on zero out. so that other secondary winding 7 in the idle case a spontaneous Spannuniissprung arises, as it I ι g. 4 bill.) Lisch / eigi.

The secondary winding 7 feeds a large test capacitor 8. its upper covering 8 ', e.g. ordered from a wire nut from Ki-! Om, for which purpose it was presumably Rauslahlgcwciv suitable. This the topping DralilinaUe forming 8 'is, for example, made with nylon straps suspended from masts. The earthly llekirode. (I. e. The capacitor plate 8 ". Ordered from a similar or larger wire mat, which is safe can lie on the fnie without being milled. The Prufkoiidensaior 8 has a capacity of about 500 pt · 'if the two toppings are about .1 mile apart to have. Fin sale of this kapa / iläl isi through the capa- ■ itäl of the balance against free space given while see the other part of Kapa / Hai from the usual calculation of a Plalter condensate • '"■ tors / wipe the pads 8' and 8" results.

The IVif capacitor 8 is now in accordance with the field strength diagram of FIG. 4 sponlni due to the sudden start of the magnetization in the fisel core 6 within the time required according to FIG If the voltage initially remains constant, an upper, almost horizontal plateau is obtained according to FIG. Jc more massive you make the fishnet core, ti. H. ! The more FISEU is introduced, tleslo more e ektii> che Fnergie from the primary winding 4 can be stored in the magnetic I isenkern 6 are semer due Ii // - characteristic, ahliänrt the igeiischaften of the magnetic I HLvIinialenals ties. If you have A <: i \ I isenkern 6 wll

aufliilll from metal sheets. therefore becomes the permeability stay up now / hurry up Use! mim on the other hand only a relatively thinly coated kasienföimiuen, d. H. hollow iron core, he will be ucsüttiul very quickly. The voltage at the test condenser 8 cr / euglc ent- j In the first ImpuKleil, it is mainly the Anslieusgeschsvindigkit that speaks the magnetic excitation in the! iron core 6. You hold it in hand, the other one Course of the decaying damped oscillation decreasing in its period shorter or longer in To leave the line constant.

To the blemish of the upper plateau immediately after! reaching the spiUcnspanniing gcniäll F i g. 4 turn off, you can hilfsweisc the secondary winding 7 a small capacitor 9 in parallel switch as shown in FIG. 2 is indicated by dashed lines. This capacitor 9 can, for example, 3 to 4 times be greater than the capacitance of the test capacitor 8, in which the test object represented as a motor vehicle is / 'is located. so

In connection with this capacitor 9, the line connection between the secondary winding? and the capacitor coating 8 'between the connection points 10 and 11 and bridged by a quick-acting spark gap 12 which only responds after a predetermined voltage has been reached. It should also be taken into account here that the connection line from the connection point 10 to the capacitor plate 8 has a certain inductance. If one now, as in FIG. 2 indicated, in the capacitor 8 a damping resistor 13, for. B. a water resistor, connected in parallel, the Gcbi'dc from Lcitingsinduktivitäl, capacitor 9 and resistor 13 is so attenuated that it can not or7illicren, but z. B. corresponds to an aperiodic borderline case. In this way it can be achieved that the ität Spannungsspitzc in a through Dimcnsionierung the Leitungsindukti \ and the capacitor 7. B. in a time of 10 I ₁ Nanosckundcn, 9 receives predetermined short time, but that this steep rising pulse form is not continues to oscillate, but that the further course is now given by the relatively slow course of the oscillation system 2-4-6 (Fig. 1). "

Experience has shown that the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be implemented in a simple manner voltage-wise reduced to a scale of 1: 1000 than a board circuit can build up, which is considerably less It takes time to calculate what the entire circuit arrangement with a computer especially because of the changing permeability of the iron core 6 is very difficult. With the board circuit the switch 3 can be represented by a simple contact of a fine relay. With such board circuits In practically all cases, the predetermined oscillation shape according to FIG. 1 was exactly reproducible.

With the test device according to the invention, a second problem can now be achieved. Often it is not only desirable to let the electric field strength vector, which may be, for example, H) OkVm act on the test object P , but also to investigate a second component of the nuclear weapon radiation, namely the spontaneously occurring magnetic field, which according to Maxwell's schcn theory inevitable in interaction with the electric field occurs in this field I'm also variable Siiirke / u simulate serves an arrangement ^{w 'c} sclicuiüliseh in F i g. 3 is shown. The in the I i g. 3 components! Protrude, provided that they are similar to those in Fig. 3. 2 are identical or have the same effect. same Bc / ugs / eiehen. In this extended refinement, another capacitor 2 n is charged from the same voltage source 1. The capacitor may la hc / üglich of the condenser 2 have the same Fnerpieinhall or be larger or smaller. With a further switch 3 ti, which works as a function of time from the main switch 3, the Fncrgie of the capacitor la can be given simultaneously, sooner or later to a single loop 14, the z. B. according to FIG. 6 a or 6 h can have a square or cylindrical cross-section. A strip conductor 15 is used to connect the cable loop 14, which has a comparatively small inductance compared to the cable loop 14.

When the switch 3 α is closed, the energy of the capacitor la is discharged into the Lciterschleifc 14 according to the known formula '/ «CU ² = Vs LI ² , and field strengths of a few Kilojoulc can easily reach 2,000 ampere turns per meter.

The formwork arrangement can be more clearly understood according to FIG. 3 also the components 9 to 13 of FIG. 2 included.

Just as with the selection of switch 3, you can use switch 3 α both those switches that automatically delete at zero crossing, such. B. gas charge lines, as well as switches that allow free oscillation, z. B. So-called Schlagschallcr, ie switches and electrical Schallschütz.c with high Bewcgungsgeschwindigkcil and impact speed of the switching contacts, which, however, must not bounce. But there is also the possibility of designing the switch 3 α as an impact sounder and the switch 3 as an electronically controlled Gasenlladungsstrcckc, so that one oscillating circuit oscillates and the other oscillating circuit goes out again when the current crosses zero, depending on the voltage and magnetic field curves required for the Test item.

To form the magnetic winding, i. h of the letterhead, the use has also been made of construction steel gcwcbe as it is with a small Ein satzgewichl is inexpensive and stable. Bcispiclswcis <can a motor vehicle within a chamber gc be tested, which is surrounded by a 2.5 m wide structural steel fabric mat with a length of about 25 m is. Such a mall can preferably be zi a square structure of about 6 X 6 m to form. With a low-resistance strip conductor 15 mi with a width of 50 cm and an isolation distance of 0.5 mm Made of aluminum sheets with a low resistance, a connection length of 15 m to the capacitor 2 must be found technically to be about 80 "0 de Energy of the capacitor 2 "reaches the magnetic 1 el of the conductor 14.

I can ensure that the test device according to the invention works with the calculated clear and magnetic energies, w in I- i g. 3 shown schematically, a cinfacl measuring device can be provided. This measuring device consists of a voltage divider 16 connected in parallel with the secondary winding, from which the voltage is cii. rvispiclswoise '' _{ϊη of} the voltage, a, which is connected to a radio link 17a

is placed. If the Mclifunkenslreeke 17 responds, you see that the capacitor 8 is present « The voltage reaches at least a value that multiplies the response value of the measuring radio link 17 mil corresponds to the spaiinungsleilerverhiillnis

Unless the radio link 17 is open wants to monitor, has the option of attaching a small microphone to the front of the room gen. whose acoustic signal can be perceived by a control panel of the examiner.

1 sheet of drawings

305

Claims (8)

Patent claims: ! 1 'i "ι i ic i η ri L Ii t ii η μ for applying tests with electromagnetic pulses in the simulation of core whale explosions. Gc ke η η / e ι eh η e! Through a transformer (5) with a laminated Tubular iron core (6) built on sheet metal, with a primary weight (4) which closely encloses the core (6) and which is connected to a storage capacitor (3) which supplies the primary energy, and mil a secondary winding (7) loosely coupled to Fisenkerii (6) and primary winding I ₁ -I). Its terminals ii a mn -ein aiiseinaiiderüegenden Bclagen 18. 8 "). the room / around Finbringep. The test capacitor (8) limiting the test capacitor (/ ') are connected and terminals also have an accessory connected to the one layer (8') of the test capacitor krndensai.ir (9) are peeled in parallel, and with a piui'kondcüsjior (8) parallel izc-chall '.' ien damping> contriand (13). 2 test device according to claim I. characterized by a / while primary energy lic hostile storage \. "rkoiulen> jtor (2nd). which has a ui temporal dependency / around main salary (3) actuated further switch (3; /: with a preferably consisting of a single turn I pus loop (14) is connected, which the Space / around the test object (/ ') mn closes .V test device according to claim 2. thereby marked dal) the I. tail loop (14) Kippfesi boasting from a Baustahlgewe'nematle is. 4. Test device according to claim 2 or. \ characterized in that the conductor loop (14) is connected via a low-level ribbon conductor (15) is s Priifeinriehiung according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sc huller (3, 3 </) as an electromagnetic sound school 45, are formed fi. Test device according to one of Claims I up to 4. by the fact that at least one animal Schaller (3. 3 </) is designed as a controlled gas discharge tube. 7. Testing device according to one of claims 1 to (·), characterized in that at least one of the lies (8 ', U ") of the test capacitor (8) consists of a Bausiiihlgewcheinatle. 8. Priifeinriehiung according to one of claims I to 7, characterized in that one of the coverings (8 ') of the test capacitor (8) on isolated I is an open. '). Test setup according to one of Claims I up to 8, identified by the fact that d; ni test con- 6u ilensalor (8) an ohmic voltage divider (16) is connected in parallel, which with a relatively small LiI paiiiuing a measuring spark corner (17) feeds. The 1 rl'mdting he / ielu rely on a test facility Application of electromagnetic impulses to test objects in the simulation of nuclear whale explosions. Spe / iell in the context of civil L.ufiscluü / es it is required, electrical Kinriehlunucn, / .. B. Na ^ hrichlengeräte or motor vehicles, then / u check whether they are in the event of a core whale explosion will still be functional. As is well known, a nuclear wave explosion also generates the well-known thermal, optical and radioactive radiation effects and, in addition to the mechanical shock front, also an electrostatic and an electromagnetic vector of extraordinary size, eggs, etc. / u can lead to devastating destruction of electrical linriehlungen. It is known. to simulate these \ eld strengths. For this purpose, according to the Mar \'schen Schaluingsprin / ip (German ratentschrift 455 <Π3), sloping voltage generators are used. which have already been implemented in the high megavolt range. The F-field strength that generates / u in its course is in F k g. 1 shown with a logarithmically divided time axis. Depending on the distance from the place of the imaginary explosion, the voltage first reaches a peak value after time, which can be from a few nanoseconds to about a microsecond from the beginning of the mission. This Spunnungsstc.ß has after a critical time ?, its zero crossing, then swings through and after a time Λ, goes through zero again, to then ebb away, becoming weaker and weaker os / illatory / ti. In order to generate such a waveform / u with the well-known Marx impulse voltage arrangement, it is necessary to change the circuit arrangement, which consists only of capacitors connected in series, by switching on large-dimensioned inductances in such a way that the desired oscillation occurs. However, this is extremely complicated, since the period has no resemblance to a waveform that can be derived from ν in the sinusoidal wave. This is especially true for the first voltage surge, because this first voltage surge must have reached its full amplitude after 1u nanoseconds. B. 100 nanoseconds and the line /., Should be 20 microseconds. Test facilities that allow approximately this voltage curve to be achieved with sufficient field strength are therefore extremely complex The task of the invention is to create a test facility of the type mentioned in the introduction, which create liilli particularly inexpensive and which has only relatively small hauliche dimensions, so that 'Jic Test facility can also be used to create a transport label. The basic idea: the feeling lies in others Components of high voltage technology known per se for the generation of electromagnetic Use impulses / u. The test device according to the invention is based on this basic idea characterized by a transformer with a tubular shape made up of laminated metal sheets I isenkem, with a primary winding that tightly encloses the iron core and that has a main switch on a storage condenser supplying the primary energy is connected, and with a secondary winding loosely coupled to the left and the primary winding !. whose clamps are attached to one of its