DE2055542C3 - Reactor for the chlorination of paraffins, especially kerosene - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a reactor for the chlorination of paraffins, in particular kerosene, according to the Generic term of the claim.

One such, in cocurrent with gaseous Reactor working with chlorine and paraffins is already mentioned (magazine "Chimitscheskaja promyschlenost", Moscow, No. 11, p. 850, 1966).

It has been found that the chlorine conversion in the known Reaktf- is relatively low and fairly large proportion of undesirable polychlorides is formed. Also, the discharge of the developed Insufficient heat of reaction.

The object underlying the invention liegei.de is seen in the reactor of the preamble of To train claim with simple means so that with extremely reduced polychloride formation a very high chlorine conversion is achieved and at the same time sufficient heat of reaction can be dissipated.

The solvents for this task are summarized in the patent claim.

Liquid-phase reactors are already known per se. which consist of a column to which a gas is fed via a porous gas distributor plate at the bottom which is withdrawn from the top of the column, the column being supplied with liquid that flows in cocurrent with the gas from bottom to top. The column is with one Circulation circuit-forming downpipe provided in the area of the liquid discharge on the top of the column goes off and opens again in the area of the liquid feed at the column bottom. To the A downpipe is assigned to a heat exchanger in order to avoid the circulating flow from top to bottom Liquid to dissipate heat. Catalyst inserts can be held in the column by means of wire mesh trays to be ordered. The known reactor is not divided into sections, as is the case according to the invention is. In addition, the entire column is only assigned a single transfer circuit (Chemiker-Zeitung, Chemische Apparatuf, 90, 1966, issue 24, page 846).

The reactor according to the invention has the advantage that, surprisingly, an almost complete chlorine conversion, ie. More than 99.5% can be achieved. Volume flow rates of 3 m ^{: i} per m ^{3 of} reaction space and hour are assumed. At the same time, the undesired formation of polychloride is reduced to a negligible minimum. The heat of reaction, which changes over the height of the column, can be dissipated in the desired manner due to the assignment of the heat exchangers to the corresponding sections.

With reference to the drawing, in which an embodiment of a reactor in the side view schematically is shown, the invention is explained in more detail

The reactor shown in the drawing consists of a column 1 with a connector 3 for the supply of liquid paraffins and a connector 4 for the supply of gaseous chlorine. The liquid reaction products are discharged via a pipe socket 5, aL · gaseous via a pipe socket 6 in the upper region of the column 1

Height is divided into sections. The free opening cross section of the floors 2 is in view of the Mass flow of gaseous chlorine and paraffins dimensioned so that backflow does not occur in the section below.

Above the height of the column 1, several circulating circles 7 ', 7 "are provided which consist of tubes which lead from a higher level to a lower level of the column 1. Due to the difference in density between the substances in the column and the liquid In the circulation circles 7 ', 7 ", the liquid flows back from the higher to the lower level in the circulation circles. In the lower area of the column, in which the reaction rate is high, a circulation circuit T can be assigned to each section. In the upper area of the column 1, where the reaction proceeds more slowly, one circulation circuit 7 ″ can be assigned to several sections, but at least two sections.

To dissipate the heat of reaction, each circulation circuit is provided with a heat exchanger. A Such a heat exchanger is no longer required in the circulation circuit in the upper area of column 1, because there the gas conversion is low.

The invention is illustrated by the following example:

example

In a reactor of the type described with a diameter of 0.9 m and a height of 8 m.

which is divided into 5 sections by a sieve bottom, of which the 4 lower sections are provided with laterally arranged coolers with natural fluid circulation 1.5 t of chlorine per hour and 10 t of Cio to Ci5 paraffin per hour are continuously introduced. the Chlorination takes place at a temperature of 110 to 120 ° C. The residence time of the reactants in the reactor depends on the feeding speed and is 15 minutes. Get out of the reactor 10.25 tons of chlorinated paraffin per hour with a chlorine content of 7% and exhaust gases that contain no more than 0.5% chlorine. The remainder of the chlorine is bound in the form of the by-product HCI; The chlorine conversion is therefore at least 99.5%, based on what is theoretically possible in the reaction

Conversion The color of the chlorinated paraffin obtained practically does not differ from that of the Outgoing paraffins.

For this 1 sheet of zetchaunga

Claims (1)

Claim: Reactor for the chlorination of paraffins, in particular kerosene, in the cocurrent of gaseous chlorine and liquid paraffins with a column which has trays provided with openings through which the column is divided into sections above the height, with chlorine and paraffin feed lines at the column bottom and with outlets for the reaction products on the top of the column, characterized by several circulation circuits (T, 7 ") arranged over the longitudinal extent of the column, each of which is assigned to a section in the lower column area and at least two sections in the upper column area, each of the circulation circuits in the area of high chlorine conversion is provided with a heat exchanger (8).