DE2041392A1 - Electrodes for electro-medical purposes - Google Patents

Description

Dipping. ERICH E, WALTHER phn. 4391

ΡοΐϋΓ-ηην -. 'ΑΙΙ
Owner: JJ. V. PMiLIPS'GLGEiLAHPENFAßflEICai ^dJ ° ' ^{¥ JM #}

File: PHH- 4391
Registration from- ·, 19 »Auge 1970

Electrodes for elelctro ^ medlziniscli. © Purpose ©,

The invention. Relates to an electrode door ra © diaijaisc! Ae purpose that a lontaktorgaa aar AaTbrisagosig asa ά @ π> Skin © siinält ''

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PHN. 4391

many metal electrodes have been designed to be placed on or near the skin and are one of the The greatest difficulty was the occurrence of interfering signals due to the variable electrical properties to avoid the metal-electrolyte transition common to all electrode units used. The electrode is made made of metal and the electrolyte can be an electrolytic solution or a gel, as in the case of surface electrodes or it can consist of a tissue fluid with comes into contact with the electrode material. When a metal electrode When in contact with an electrolyte, the electrode tends to release ions into the solution while the ions of the solution combine with the electrode material, With practical »execution forms of such electrode

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BAD ORIANAL

PHN. 4391

- ■■ 3 -

Malfunctions can occur

There is an ever increasing need for bio-electric Measurements of moving objects. This applies, for example, to space research, where astronauts are constantly monitored and in hospitals where patients are in a control chamber to be controlled.

When measuring for longer periods of time and when measuring allergy sufferers, the skin can be irritated by contact with the metal will. To avoid this, electrodes have been designed in which the metal is kept away from the skin is made using textile material or sponge-like material, which is saturated with electrolyte.

In the case of mass examinations, it can be more crucial It is important to be able to carry out the measurements quickly. As a result of the ion exchange between the electrolyte and the metal However, it can take a relatively long time before a sufficient stable state occurs in which sufficiently accurate measurements can be carried out. A convenient one to install and detachable electrode is the suction cup electrode, which can be attached to almost flat surfaces with soft underlying tissue. Although the electrode itself is large, it has a small contact surface because only one edge is in contact with the skin. Another conveniently attachable and detachable electrode consists of a strip Adhesive plaster with a fabric strip to take up of the electrolyte gel, on which an electrode in the form of a light metal grid rests. There is a line contact

1098-0 / 16Η

PHN. 4391

preserved with the skin. Electrodes are also known which produce multiple contacts and which are made from one piece of thin, perforated metal, the edge material of the holes protruding in the form of small tips, which the upper Penetrate layer of skin. Such electrodes are suitable for use in climatological circumstances in which Electrolyte gel is difficult to hold.

The connection lines with the metal electrodes present a particular difficulty. These lines must be connected to the electrodes in such a way that no interference voltages can occur during the feed lines should not inadvertently make electrical contact with the skin.

This can be avoided by covering the lines with an insulating layer. Also have to the connecting lines must be flexible, since stiff lines are inconvenient and uncomfortable for the person to be measured. Flexible connection lines in the form of braided wires are known, but for the present purposes the above-mentioned difficulties represent limits, since the various Metals can cause interference voltages.

Because of the aforementioned difficulties with the known metal electrodes, there have been extensive in recent years Investigations have been made to find electrode materials that are suitable for bio-electrical purposes and which do not have the disadvantages of metal electrodes. There are tests with contact organs made of silicone rubber or other

109810 / 16U

PHN. 4391

■ - 5 -

Plastics with carbon impregnation have been carried out. Such contact elements, however, have a relatively low conductivity, so that it is necessary to connect them to a connecting line made of metal wire. must, which brings difficulties in practice, so that the difficulties of the connecting lines are not eliminated satisfactorily. Since the contact element has to be connected to a metallic conductor, this element is no more flexible than the known metal electrodes. The present invention aims at an electrode

in which the disadvantages inherent in the known electrodes occur to a significantly lesser extent. The electrode according to the invention avoids heating, the skin and provides a simple solution to the difficulties, the Vex «= ..binding line · . "

The invention deviates from the -general * view "» that the electrode. Should be made of metal · CS-eaiäss d © s »Invention is an electrode for elelitro-mödiziiiisöSa © BtIt- a contact organ for attaching ' attif UeF skin' marked »- that-'das.- Kontaktor gasa, from fextdijTasorsii the duarch TrSialciuiig with carbon ούθτ Gr ZoiLvosad s & siB, ch.fc -willο Daa Testlliasteraal tegjaasa a _o B. _o äsa © isaoia ablocktclafeei © a Of en mit- sauer sauer AimoBnfaBteoi lboSaeadoit ■ 'wOE? T; Gffizg eias oThsilteuo Kateräal isei ^ oi';;; ia x7 © a © S'ölastiiOii ΐ-, ύ & ϋίοΜΟ% .Vü \ Z'y: vmä Ua ^ aisfe ©. 2, ciafe t? ©. 2, ciafe £, 'i.?.?:; Tt isaeg

BAD ORIÖiNAL

PHN.

have various advantages over the previously used metal electrodes and via the electrodes with the already known non-metallic contact element. Even for longer periods Use time when measuring the patient do not cause skin irritation and it has been found in practice that pollution does not occur to a significant extent due to the carbon of the contact element.

The contact element of the electrodes according to the invention works together with an electrolyte solution or a gel of the aforementioned type or with a biological fluid almost in the same way as, for example, a carbon electrode in a common galvanic element, unlike such However, the electrode according to the invention does not need any element special depolarizing agent such as manganese dioxide, since the Structure of the fiber material results in sufficient porosity of the contact element, so that the oxygen in the air directly * the interface between electrolyte and contact organ can achieve, whereby the de polarization easily he follows.

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BATH ORIGINAL

PHN. 4391

According to the invention, the connection line occurring difficulties on particularly simple Wise eliminate by making the contact element with a line made of the same carbon or graphite textile material is connected. The electrode and the connecting line can then be produced as a whole without any problems.

The electrically conductive textile fiber material for the contact element of the electrode can be manufactured cheaply, so that it is well suited for use with disposable electrodes. the end below it will be seen that this material is to form many types of. Contact organs suitable so that enables many new forms of bio-electrical electrodes will.

The invention will be seen below with the aid of some Matiseh illustrated embodiments explained in more detail. ·

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an electrode according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the electrode according to FIG. 1, to illustrate the connection of the contact element of Electrode with a lead,

FIG. 3 shows a band with contact elements for several electrodes according to FIG. 2 _f

Fig.% A further embodiment of the electrode according to the invention and

5 »6 and 7 show different embodiments of the contact member of an electrode according to the invention»

109810 / 16H

PHN. - 8th -

Figures 1 and 2 show a bio-electrical electrode with a contact element 1 which is attached to a carrier 2. The contact element 1 consists of textile fiber material, this is done electrically by carbon or graphite impregnation is made conductive so that the flexibility of the material is not significantly reduced. The carbon or Graphite impregnation can be carried out in a sealed furnace with an oxygen-free atmosphere.

The structure of the material used is important for the stability desired in the measurements without a delaying the running-in period and avoiding false effects as a result of movements that can cause interference voltages, which have hitherto been avoided by using electrodes of the flowing type, the electrode-electrolyte transition was not in direct contact with the object to be measured. A woven, knitted, or crocheted material spun or wire braided yarn has a suitable structure. In-practice it has been shown that Signals are obtained which are free from interference and stronger than the corresponding signals of the known electrodes.

In the embodiment shown, the carrier 2 has two functions: it carries the contact element 1 and it

ο carries an adhesive layer through which it attaches to the skin

can be. Between the Kontaktorgaii 1 and the carrier 2 can

a small pillow 3 ζ · Β. made of foam rubber, _OT that acts as a pressure piece and creates good contact between the contact organ and the skin. A particularly good contact is made when the cushion is ring-shaped (see

PHN. 4391 «

the two circles of the dashed lines in Figo Ί) formed and thus provides an annular contact.

With this construction of the electrode, moisture can penetrate, so that the skin can breathe relatively freely , since the actual contactor organ lying on the skin is porous # -

Any electrolyte gel to be used can be found in

the pillow can be accommodated, which is thus both a print · » piece and can serve as a storage for the gel. . ■

Since the material of the contact element has a flexibility which is similar to that of the textile material or Garjas, special advantageous designs are possible Z out shalt S® that this piece of the ¥ erbindungsleitiiang form k © ssa ₀ f by which the .Elektrode drawing device with a on -. verbunden'wird-s _o B »© © ± sa JSL electrocardiograph * are Wen" a ^ and detachable Verbisadnagslaittuttg erwüsis-ctit is ₉ . ■ Ir Isssopfk-ositakt .on .of back ..the carrier angetsreolai ä f & dtJirch Festeähen, preferably werdsn.kaan with yarn of the material dl © s "mechanically" ad electrically asit Kosatalsftorgass diem. This is ia ^ Fd _ΰ shown ₀ 2 where il jsüit 6 and dev Anffaagtsiii aalt 7 aag © jg © b®sa ist ₀ Baffle h <si, ivisi3 k ₀ ^ o iraBglicSi -atas- dom gl © icjä®ss Material wä © &, c ί 1st iiait diss © H SeSisaol

PHN. J »391.

- 10 -

coated, which does not reduce the flexibility of the line target; the insulation can e.g. consist of a thin layer of plastic exist. This isolation prevents false effects from contact with other parts of the patient or other objects close by. The drawing shows the insulating layer in an exaggerated thickness. The two quick release parts can advantageously be made of non-metallic material e.g. plastic; they can get through Addition of carbon can be made electrically conductive so that the electrical properties are those of the material of the Contact organ and the management correspond. The electric However, there is no need for a connection between the contact element and the line between the two quick-release fasteners 6 and to lie, as these are used for the mechanical coupling. if Sewing thread is suitably attached to the two fastener parts, the thread parts can be mechanically Clutches are pressed against each other, so that a close contact is obtained through the material structure and malfunctions be avoided, even if the quick release is made of a

Mat ex ial 'consists of that of the contact organ or the

Line is different, e.g. made of metal1.

As I said earlier, »need carbon electrodes

for other ? λ 'corner a polarizer * The structure of the

Electrode roa t or i as κ a, c 'ι of the invention allows the as depo - lardsisrer y.';'. Rl: changes 5a iersto.fi "air through, the material ζ udri .ng: e n o -I a aa η ur for it ο rgt ζ ube η breaks ,.

dasa da s H a. i he ■: 'a. 1 d θ ε 7 :: · S. g θ rshi nr eich end ρ ο r δ sist ».,

109810 / 16U BADORMHW.

PHN. 4391

-11-

As a result of the many difficulties encountered so far The electrodes used were relatively expensive, so that it is not economical to use them as disposable electrodes zuL use. Allow the electrodes according to the invention however, mass production without the good ones Properties are impaired.

FIG. 3 shows, for example, part of a strip of connected electrode units of the one shown in FIG. 1 Type that can be machined and split up into units immediately before use.

In the case of strips, it can be wound up, e.g. Adhesive plaster and can be torn or cut up.

FIG. H shows, for example, a construction in which the contact element and the connecting line are formed in one piece, since the material of the contact element 1 is passed through an opening in the carrier 2 and forms the connecting line on the other side thereof.

As in the embodiments according to FIGS the contact member 1 is strip-shaped, but it is here with provided a field of upright fibers, which when attached make multiple tip contacts with the skin of the electrode on the skin. This embodiment of the contact member results in a particularly good electrical contact and somewhat reduces the need to “clean the skin, for example. B # with Smoothening pumice stone, which can often be painful.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show more integrated embodiments Electrodes, in which the contact organ by a

1 0 9 8 1 0/1 6 U

PHN. U391-

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Part of the connecting line is formed. According to FIG. 5, the contact element is formed by a spirally wound end 8 of the connecting line h and according to FIG. 6 it consists of a loose, brush-like end 9 of the connecting line. In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, where the contact element is knitted from the conductor wire h , there is multiple contact with the underlying skin as in the case of the electrode according to FIG . If this knitted contact element is sufficiently thick, it can in itself be effective in the same way as the pressure pad 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 4.

It is of course also possible to create an integrated electrode construction by weaving a wire, which can also serve as a connecting line.

In the embodiments shown in the drawing the contact member 1 is attached to a carrier 2 which is spared with an adhesive layer for attachment to the skin is. In practice, however, the contact element can also be coated with an adhesive that is electrically conductive may be or could form the electrolyte gel itself.

1 0981 0 / 16U

Claims (1)

PHN. 4391 - 13 - PATENT CLAIMS 1 · V electrode for electro-medical purposes with a Contact organ for attachment to the skin, characterized in that the contact organ consists of a textile fiber material, which is made electrically conductive by carbon or graphite impregnation. 2. Electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact member with a connecting line of the same material is connected. 3. Electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that that the connection line is provided with an insulating layer. 4. Electrode according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the contact member and the .Verbindungsleitung are connected to each other by a quick release, the two parts of which on the contact member and the connecting line through | Wires of the same material as that of the contact member and the connecting line are sewn x 5 x electrode according to claim 4, characterized in _β is that the quick closure of non-metallic material * 6 "- electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that the Nähdrähte the two parts are electrically comparable with each other blind _'f' when the parts of the rapid closure iaecha-.nlsch be coupled together"
7 · Electrode according to claim 1 »2 or 3 dadiirchi shows that the contact organ and the Wmvb ± ndtMigalei.tmmß ^ 10981 0/1 614 _BAD 0RI «nal PHN. made in one piece in the form of a continuous strip. 8. Electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that that the contact member is formed by a coiled end of the connecting line. 9 · Electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that that the contact element is formed by the loose end of a connecting line, which consists of wires. 10. Electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that that the contact element consists of crocheted or knitted wire, which also serves as a connecting line. 11. Electrode according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the contact member is formed by a band of woven textile fiber. 12. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact member with a field upright textile fibers is provided 13. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact member is attached to an adhesive strip which is applied to the skin can" 14. Electrode according to claim 13, characterized in that that the adhesive strip is made of porous material. 15. Electrode according to claim 10 or 11 and claim 13 or 14 characterized in that a piece of elastic Isolation material e.g. foam rubber between the contact organ and the adhesive tape is attached. 1 0 9 8 1 0/1 6 1 A bad original 16. Electrode according to claim 15, characterized in that that the piece of material is formed by an annular, flat element. 17 · Electrode according to one of claims 1 to 12 thereby marked that the contact element is stranded with an adhesive 1098 107 1614 ^OR «- NAL INSPECTED Blank page