DE2038314A1 - Garbage disposal facility - Google Patents

Description

Applicant: Federated Waste and Pollution Control. Corporation, 1400 Willow Avenue, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA

Garbage disposal facility

The invention relates to garbage disposal, in particular to an installation for processing large amounts of organic and inorganic waste to produce a usable one End product from this garbage.

One of the most difficult urban planning problems today is rubbish disposal the ever-increasing amounts of waste. To overcome the existing difficulties it is known to incinerate the garbage on dump sites to be deposited or buried, or to be submerged in the sea. The formation of rubble holdings in the vicinity of cities not only significantly affects the landscape, but also leads to contamination problems. On the other hand, there are debris dump areas only available to a limited extent. In many larger cities there are suitable places practically no longer available.

On the other hand, incineration not only increases the cost of removing waste, it also increases air pollution, which in most industrial cities anyway has already exceeded the tolerance limits. That is why fewer and fewer waste incineration plants are able to use them can be used. Burying the garbage or sinking it in water causes a risk of contamination of the groundwater, so that in this too Context only very narrowly limited possibilities remain.

Recent proposals concern the attempt to dump the garbage in the sea. It resulted However, the difficulty arises that large amounts of garbage are washed up on the coasts. the Difficulties caused by the large accumulation of rubbish are therefore steadily increasing.

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There is therefore a great need to find further methods of removing moles, in order to eliminate or at least reduce the difficulties mentioned. Such a process should be conveniently within economical distances be feasible by urban units and should enable the ever increasing To eliminate amounts of waste in such a satisfactory manner that the contamination of water and air is not increased further, and that there are no dumping grounds for debris required are.

It has already been proposed to convert some of the garbage into a product that can be more easily eliminated. For example, bacteriological methods are used for Certain organic garbage materials are known to turn the organic garbage into compost can be converted.

However, waste composting has so far only found limited applicability because as a result, large amounts of urban waste are not processed in an economical manner can be. Furthermore, this method has at most a small influence on the large ones Amounts of inorganic waste, which accounts for a significant proportion of urban waste Represents garbage.

The end product of waste processing should also be satisfactory from a hygienic point of view, odorless and practically inert, i.e. free from pathogenic bacteria. The known systems for garbage disposal do not meet these requirements in one sufficiently satisfactory and also economical way.

Organic and inorganic garbage have different requirements in terms of the optimal environment in which to receive treatment. A typical daily amount of garbage contains sewage materials, household waste, commercial waste from shops, Restaurants or the like as well as industrial waste «To meet the requirements of a To meet practically and economically feasible waste disposal should the Processing plant to convert practically all MiJI! Material, i.e. organic and inorganic, metallic and non-metallic garbage, with one satisfactory efficiency.

Need certain garbage material, such as certain plastics and paper

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a different treatment for most economically feasible procedures or for processing for further use. In the known method are no provision has been made for such specialized treatment, which is why an unsatisfactory efficiency results.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a system for garbage disposal, through which rubbish can be disposed of or processed without the risk of contamination. Further the creation of a hygienic and usable end product should be made possible. The end product is said to be made from the treated organic and inorganic waste and be as completely sterile as possible, so that it is suitable for landfills and the like Purposes can be used without further processing. Furthermore, a procedure and a system for carrying out the method with the garbage in converted into a hygienic and useful end product in an economical manner can be without thereby a risk of contamination for the environment of the plant arises. Furthermore, a device for converting the waste into a hygienic end product is intended can be specified in which different types of scrim materials can be separated and processed simultaneously under different conditions.

In a plant for garbage processing, this object is achieved according to the invention solved that in it garbage materials of practically all kinds, for example organic and inorganic garbage, metallic and non-metallic garbage, urban, commercial or industrial waste can be converted into a product that is practically odorless, is sterilized and, above all, usable, for example, to fill up depressions in the ground.

The garbage is first processed to reduce its volume. A quantity of the trash with reduced volume is placed in the uppermost lane of a number of vertically arranged processing lanes, which lanes can be formed, for example, by conveyors. The garbage is conveyed along the top lane and then transferred to the lane below until it finally arrives on the bottom lane. During the transport of waste along each track, a treatment takes place through which the organic waste is converted and the metallic waste is oxidized.

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In order to enable an expedient and visually effective treatment, controlled Maintain conditions such as suitable temperature, humidity, air pressure and oxygen content. Each of these factors can be separated according to the properties of the gauze can be controlled for optimal results.

A portion of the vertically separated treatment lanes may come in a number of other similar sections of vertically separated tracks. Separate Treatment sections can be isolated from one another to make the training more different To enable conditions in one or more of the treatment sections. In this way, certain waste materials, such as plastic, paper or metals, can be used to be segregated into different treatment sections to meet specific conditions to be exposed to the most appropriate for the treatment and conversion in question are.

After the garbage has left the lowest lane of a treatment section, can a fine comminution take place. The resulting particles can be seen as a thin stream of particles be passed through an irradiation zone in which bacteria are destroyed. That is why the end product leaves the plant in a practically sterilized and legalized place Shape.

The invention is based on the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing are explained in more detail. Show it:

1 shows a flow diagram of the treatment of the waste in a plant according to the invention; Fig _β 2 is a plan view of the roof of the plant;

3 is a plan view of the central conveying area of the installation; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the lowest floor of the plant; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG _o 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG _o 5; 7 shows an enlarged partial view of adjoining conveyor tracks of the system; Figure 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 in Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a plan view of the irradiation device of the plant with parts broken away are; and

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line 10-10 in FIG. 9.

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The system 10 for waste processing is provided in a building 12, which is due to the largely hygienic mode of operation of the system in the vicinity or in an urban area Area can be provided whose garbage is to be processed.

As best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, the system 10 has a number of vertically separated treatment lanes in the form of conveyor belts 14, as in Fig. 6 As can be seen, a typical device may have six treatment sections 16a to 16f, each of which has six vertically separated conveyor belts 14a to 14f. One Amount of waste 18, which can consist of organic and inorganic waste, and preferably is first crushed, is given on the top conveyor belt 14a of a Abandoned treatment section, transferred to the next conveyor belt 14b and then to the conveyors below until the garbage is on the lowest conveyor belt 14f got. The trash is moved along and between the conveyor belts 14a to 14f preferably in a continuous manner.

When the garbage is moved along the conveyor tracks 14a to 14f, it becomes a treatment subjected to a controlled temperature, humidity and oxygen supply, whereby the organic garbage rots and the metallic garbage is oxidized. Everyone Treatment section 16a to 16f is from the adjacent treatment section by a insulating wall 19 separately. The building 12 has a roof 21 that extends over the top Ends of the walls 19 extends so that an effective separation is provided between the treatment sections 16a to 16f, creating different conditions in the sections can be sustained.

After leaving the lowermost conveyor track 14f, a second shredding of the takes place Rubbish, which is then passed through a zone in which it is finely shredded and subjected to irradiation occurs through high-energy radiation, whereby pathogenic germs and bacteria are destroyed and the processed waste is practically completely sterilized will. The end product is essentially hygienic and odor-free and can be used without further ado Find processing use, for example, for landfills.

This preparation is shown schematically in the flow diagram of FIG. 1. Urban Garbage, commercial garbage, and industrial garbage of virtually any shape becomes the facility at the input point 20 zugefühi +, where first a pre-shredding in a facility

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takes place where the garbage is pre-shredded. The pre-shredded garbage is then to a second shredding device 24 weifergeleifer, the wastewater from a first input device 26 for waste water can be fed. Bsi the second crushing the garbage is further shredded so that it is practically uniform Has consistency.

The shredded Muli is then on the uppermost conveyor track 14a in one or more of the handling sections 16a to 16f in the block 28, which the conveyor tracks includes on which the aforementioned treatment is carried out. Then there is a transport along and between the conveyor tracks until the garbage reaches the lowest conveyor track 14f. at the transport along the conveyor tracks is treated at a predetermined one Temperature, humidity and with a certain oxygen content of the environment in order to to convert the garbage into a hygienic product. The supply of an oxygen-containing Steam mixture is indicated by the block 30 "

The garbage is then forwarded from the lowermost conveyor track 14f to a final shredding device 32, where the garbage is finely shredded. These crushed Particles are then passed through an irradiation zone 34 where pathogenic Bacteria in the garbage are destroyed in order to largely sterilize the material.

The sterilized waste is then directed to a storage space 36 from which the hygienic, sterilized and practically odorless end product from the dispensing point 38 can be transported away.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the raw waste is first fed into two filling hoppers 40 in the input area 20, from where it is fed via conveyor belts 42 to a first impact mill 44 (block 22). Larger pieces of waste can be picked up by a crane arranged above and fed directly to the impact mill A4. These mills are designed as grinders in which the garbage is pulverized and torn apart by different rows of rapidly rotating hammers . If desired, the mill 50 may wastewater be fed to ₀ Here, the waste is further crushed so that it has a particle size of less than about 9 cm ,,

From the beater mills 50, the garbage is transported on by a bucket chain conveyor 52, which carries the crushed garbage in buckets 54 to the roof 21 of the building transported. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the garbage from the buckets 54 is at the top Place the web on three conveyor belts 56, 58 and 60 on the roof 21 abandoned. Of the Garbage is transported on by these conveyor belts and is raised by the conveyor track 62 the conveyor tracks 64 and 66, which in turn transfer the garbage to the hopper 68, 70 and 72 fill in. Fu I UuMen 74, 76 are aligned with the right ends of the conveyor belts 14a, as in FIG 3 and 5, as well as with the opening of a ventilation and agitation unit 78, which can be arranged stationary at the end of the conveyor track 14a, as well as at the relevant ^ End of the other conveyor tracks 14b to 14f .. The unit 78 enables thorough mixing and venting the trash therein for about 30 seconds. The good Aeration of the garbage in unit 78 significantly increases bacteriological rotting of organic waste. The mixed and aerated waste is transferred from the unit 78 to the Transfer conveyor track 14a, which slowly transports it to Unks in FIG.

/ 14
When the garbage has reached the left end of the conveyor track, it falls therefrom into the opening of a second stationary agitation unit 80 which is provided at the left end of the conveyor track 14b and which extends over the toe end of the conveyor track 14a. The conveyor tracks 14b to 14f are all arranged parallel to the conveyor track 14a and below. As can be seen from Fig. 5, the conveyor tracks 14a to 14f are inclined to the left, although they could also be inclined horizontally or in the opposite direction. ^

The unit 80 continues to mix and aerate the garbage and then transport it onto conveyor track 14b, which moves slowly to the right in Fig. 5, until the garbage reaches the end of the conveyor path 14b, whereupon it falls into the opening of the unit 82. After further aeration and mixing in unit 80, the garbage falls to the surface the conveyor track 14c, which moves slowly to the left in FIG. 5. The mixed, Aeration and conveying process is carried out by stationary mixing units 84, 86 and 88 on the Conveyor tracks 14d, 14e and the lowermost conveyor track 14f are repeated.

When the garbage moves slowly along the conveyor tracks, it gets moistened, what by steam with an enrichment in oxygen at a predetermined temperature and

-10 98 08 / 1Λ 3 9

predetermined pressure can be done. This steam is through nozzles 92 (Figs. 7 and 8) fed, which have an equal distance from each other and are along the conveyor tracks 14a to 14f extend in each treatment section 16a to T6f. Like the one with oxygen enriched steam is supplied to the nozzles 92 will be described below will. This enriched steam atmosphere leads together with the entrained organic Bacteria to a rotting of the organic waste and an oxidation of the metallic Garbage, which rotting takes place relatively quickly and effectively.

When the garbage reaches the lowest right end of the lowest conveyor track I4f (a typical duration is 8 to 10 days after being placed on the top conveyor track 14a), it is converted into a practically hygienic and odorless product, first and foremost as a result of the activity of bacteria in the organic waste and the oxidation of the metallic material, which rots through ventilation and oxygen supply to the material is accelerated with the help of the enriched steam.

The product is transported from the lower ends of the conveyor tracks 14f in the treatment sections 16a to 16f onto a moving conveyor 94 (Fig. 4), which transports the product onto a conveyor 96 which is perpendicular to the Conveyor 94 moves. The conveyor 96 transports the product to a Conveyor 98, which conveys perpendicular thereto. The conveyor 98 transports the product into a distribution hopper 100 which has two filling spouts over conveyors 102 and 104 aligned relative thereto. The latter funding agencies receive the product from hopper 100 and transfer the product to impact mills and 108 (block 32), in which the product is comminuted into granules.

The crushed product is placed on a sieve, not shown, which the Feeds material onto wide conveyor belts 110 and 112. The sieve only lets in particles of a predetermined particle size (for example 3 mm) onto the conveyor belts 110 and 112 reach. The larger particles become one at the top hoppers 68, 70 and 72 further processing. At this time, the shredded garbage can through a Device, not shown, are subjected to a heat treatment in order to produce the granules to dry as it is transported along conveyor belts 110 and 112.

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The dried product is conveyed by the conveyor belts UO and 112 to an irradiation device 114 (block 34), which is shown in FIGS
Product is passed over an overflow 115, whereby a particle stream is formed which is about 2.5 cm thick and about 1.80 m wide. This flow is passed by gravity between two funnels 116 to which high-energy radiation (for example
1.8 million volts) is supplied by high voltage generators 118. When the thin stream from the garbage flows through the funnels 116, it is irradiated intensely,

/in
thereby destroying virtually all pathogenic bacteria present in the material, effectively sterilizing the material. Sufficiently thick concrete walls 119 prevent the radiation from escaping from the interior of the irradiation system 114.

In this way, the processed organic and metallic waste I is sterilized and the other inorganic particles are made inert and thereby neutralized. The sterilized end product of the system 10 falls onto the conveying devices 120 and 122, from which the product reaches the conveying devices 124 and 126. From there that will
End product stored in areas (block 36) for eventual removal.

The steam supplied by the nozzles 92 to the conveyors is in a steam boiler 128 (Fig. 4) is generated. Liquid oxygen is stored in a container 130. Of the Steam is supplied via line 132 and the oxygen via line 134 to a mixing device 136 supplied. The resulting mixture of steam and oxygen is conveyed through a turbine 138 via a line 140, which via a line system 142 (FIG. 3) for example with a pipeline 144 (Figs. 7 and 8) in communication, which practically along the entire length of the conveyors of the processing section extend.

A connector 146 is on each conduit 144 equidistantly along it Fixed length and is connected to two oppositely arranged nozzles 92, which extend over two adjacent conveyor devices 14. The connectors 146 establish a connection between the nozzles 92 and the interior of the pipelines 144, whereby oxygen-enriched steam through the nozzles 92 dem Garbage is fed to the conveyors 14. .

The ends of the pipes 144 are connected to a supply line 148 which supplies the unused steam mixture to a condenser 150 which converts the vapor into water, and then a ^r Entlüftungseinrichtungel52 which the oxygen qus the mixture removed. - | Q 9 8 0 8/1439

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The water of the condenser 150 is fed to the steam boiler 128 via a line 154, while the oxygen of the mixing device removed from the mixture in device 152 136 is supplied via a line 156.

The garbage is moved along the conveyors in the processing zone preferably by the movement of the conveyor devices themselves. The conveyor device j genes are driven by a drive motor 158 which is attached to a support device 160 is attached, which can be arranged between two adjacent conveyors 14. The motor 158 drives a shaft 172 to which a gear 164 is attached. A second Gear 166 with a larger diameter is provided on a drive shaft 168. A chain 170 over gears 164 and 166 drives shaft 168 and thus the left one Conveyor 14 in FIG. 8. The use of a clutch 172 enables the Motor 158 drives one of the conveyors in FIG. 8 when the other conveyor for some reason not powered soM.

As discussed above, the mixing units 78-90 are normally stationary at the ends of the associated conveyors. If one of the drive mechanisms of these conveyors should fail, the stationary unit can be replaced by a corresponding unit which is movable along the conveyors and has front and rear doors which, if desired, can be closed to contain a quantity of waste therein. After the stationary mixer unit is removed from the failed conveyor, the replacement unit is raised to the desired height by one of elevators 176 and 178 and then transported along rails 180 and 182 to the desired location. This exchange unit can be driven by its own drive motor via rails 184 and 186, which are provided on the support device 160 (FIG. 8), in order to move the trapped garbage along the conveyor. Optionally, the closed doors in the way of a bulldozer can be used to transport the garbage along the failed conveying device until the material falls to the next conveyor.

According to the above, the pressure, temperature, humidity and the oxygen content of the steam mixture accurately and separately at the boiler 128, the Mixing device 136 and the drive device 138 controlled to practically identical conditions in each of the treatment sections 16a-16f. This is useful if the same type of waste is processed in all of these sections.

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If desired, one or more treatment sections 16a-16f can be used to recycle different garbage that requires different treatment. For example, plastic garbage can be collected by a flotation process, which garbage is conveyed up on a particular bucket chain conveyor and placed on one of the upper conveyors 56, 58 or 60 and transported therefrom to one of the hopper 68, 70 or 72. From there, the separated plastic material can be fed through fillers 74 and 76 onto the uppermost conveying device 14a of two adjacent treatment sections. (The construction of the filling funnels 68-72 can be different if, if desired, only one filling nozzle is intended to extend to the uppermost conveyor device of only one treatment section). This treatment section or these treatment sections are then subjected to a controlled atmosphere containing a specific temperature and a specific oxygen content to allow _r to the liquefaction of the plastic, which can then be recycled for reuse. Paper products can also initially be deposited and treated separately in this way under different conditions in order to enable the cellulose material to be reused. Other types of waste can be processed in a corresponding manner under different conditions if economic and other factors, such as increased processing speed and possible reuse of the materials, allow such a procedure.

Since the walls 19 between adjacent sections 16a-16f these sections from each other can separate in the system 10 a processing of different Types of waste take place under different conditions, which for the optimal processing these materials are suitable.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the conveyors have 14 has a length of about 135 m and a width of 5.40 m be moved with about 3.60 m / Vi. Since there are six conveying devices 14 in each section 16 are arranged one above the other, the garbage remains in each section for processing about nine days. A plant of this size can produce around 1500 tons of waste in an 8-hour day processing.

The speed of the conveyors can be increased and the dwell time be shortened accordingly if the properties of the garbage allow this, e.g. if the carbon and nitrogen content of the organic waste and the amount of oxygen, which

109808 / U39

with the steam mixture supplied, a shorter period of time for the full Rotting of the organic material and the oxidation of the metallic material allows. The necessary dwell time together with the corresponding conveying speed and the controlled conditions are determined empirically and these factors monitored accordingly.

In a typical installation, the steam temperature may vary from the ambient temperature can be increased to about 80 C. The moisture of the vapor mixture can be between 10 and 90 and the pressure of the steam can be increased to about 3.5 atm. However, these details are only specific examples that depend on the prevailing conditions can be changed.

The system described therefore enables an effective and hygienic process for the treatment and disposal of all types of waste. The organic and inorganic waste is processed into an end product, which is a clinically pure product is to be designated and without further processing for hygienic filling purposes Can be used, as well as after the addition of suitable binders and the implementation of deformation processes for the production of building blocks, road primers, for sound insulation purposes and the like can be used. The end product can sold to construction companies or similar firms to cover the cost of manufacturing and to reduce the operation of the plant.

The plant according to the invention is therefore considered to be practically feasible and economical To see a solution to the urgent problem, to carry out a garbage disposal that the garbage is practically completely converted into usable by-products will. The processing of the garbage takes place in such a way that the garbage material does not have to be sunk or buried and does not contaminate the surroundings, so that the system can be operated in or near a large city, whereby the supply of the garbage to the plant is simplified.

Claims

109808 / U39

Claims (12)

- July 13-30, 1970 Ε / ΑΧ My files: F-2658 patent claims 1. Plant for processing waste, with a feed device for raw waste and a dispensing device for the processed end product, marked by a number of treatment tracks (14), a device (74, 76) for the task an amount of garbage to be treated from the feed device (70) to a first of the lanes (14a), the treatment lanes (14) serving to move the garbage along the first lane, then the garbage to the next lane (14b) and from Transport lane to lane to the last lane (I4f) through a facility (78-90,92) for applying the treatment conditions to the material moving along the webs, and by means for transferring the treated material Material from the last web to the dispenser. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized by one in front of at least one of the Means (78-90) arranged in lanes, which removes the material from the preceding Web picks up and aerates and mixes before it is placed on one of the webs. 3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by one in front of the dispensing device provided means (114) to the material with a radiation higher To irradiate energy as it passes through this facility to the material sterilize. 4. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that a number of treatment sections (16) are provided, each of which has a number of treatment lines (14), and that a device (19) is provided is to separate at least one of the sections from the remaining sections. 5, - system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the device for generating the treatment conditions is a device (92) to maintain a controlled atmosphere along at least one of the treatment pathways. 109808 / U39 20383H 6. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, with a number of treatment sections, each section having an inlet and an outlet, with one Means for moving a quantity of waste from the inlet to the outlet in a controlled manner, as well as means for treating the material when this is moved between the inlet and the outlet by means (19) between at least two adjacent sections (16) is provided and serves to separate one section from the other, and by means (92) for maintaining controlled environmental conditions in each section of the two adjacent sections. 7. Plant according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the device (92) serves to supply the webs with a stream of steam at a predetermined temperature and pressure. 8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that a device (136) is provided to control the oxygen content of the steam. 9. Plant according to claim 3 or 8, characterized by a device (106, 108) in front of the irradiation facility to shred the garbage material, and through a device (110,112) for conveying the comminuted scrim material through the irradiation device, 10. Plant according to claim 6 or 8, characterized by a device (114) for at least one of the sections (16) used for irradiating the waste material with a high-energy radiation is used, whereby the gauze material is sterilized. 11. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, with a device for comminution of the mill material, characterized by a radiation source (114) for high-energy radiation, by means of a device for the formation of a controlled Flow of the shredded scrap material, and through means for moving the flow through the region of the radiation source (114) around the shredded Sterilize garbage material. 12. A method for operating a system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a scrap material amount is crushed, characterized in that a Flow of the crushed waste material is formed, which through a 109808 / U39 _ ₁₅ _ 20383H Irradiation area is passed through to the shredded waste material sterilize. 109808 / U3 9 Blank page