DE2030192A1 - Process for the production of optical elements - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS DR. CLAUS REINUNU = S DIPL- ING.KLAUS BERNHARDT -

D- * MÖNCHEN όβ _ΛΛ « _ΛΛΛ *

tXCKERSTFTASSIS 2030192

215/1

OFFICE HATIOHAL D ¹ ETUDES ST DE RECHERCHBS AEROSPATIALES.

Process for the production of optical elements » The invention relates to the manufacture of optical Elements »reflectors or refractors, such as mirrors, Lenses and the like. " for optical observation «- and / or i Measuring instruments

Two methods of manufacture are known such elements are common: The first, so-called cutting process, is based on a prefabricated one Piece of stable material, for example metal or glass, and brings one or the optical F! See the prefabricated piece in a defined Shape by grinding and foiling with the help of aate <» rial ablenden fferkseugeuo Therefore this® Process nothing other than the production of flat or spherical surfaces, against this prohibits Schleifteohnik the production of arched FlKshen, I whose shape deviated from the spherical shape

When the surfaces to be produced from different, f .B to _"0 tin MphMrischer Fora, one must check demsufolge with local rework, accordingly the sahireichen Ausftihrungeformen This operation" are eeitraubend, expensive and uncertain as regards result dee "t

00988S / 19.U BAD ORfQfNAi

are these incompatible with the manufacture of small or large S®ri © n _o

In a second so-called _B @ n casting process, the optical Elamsrate duroh @ i © ases thermoplastic or wamahärtender Ears® ,, manufactured with the aid of thorns made of glass or metal, whose surfaces grundeätslieh fümgebend © © geaaui the shape and dia. erf order "lieh® Ebe & raässigkeit besitson · But because of this Marsen © IGEAT! liili © h @ a Eigemschiäftea and medium-d®r the TerfestiguBg od @ x> PoljM © slsati © a ^ eriimdeaam EamoheX- nung®n _$ wi ©
are

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_lf5 vtQ lslllusgulses ⁵ ,, ^! © Isiits ¹ ® ^! © ^

Furthermore, the
Bleai®nte © ßji
the Element ©

009885/1914

Furthermore, the elements should primarily have optical surfaces that are different from the flat surface or the spherical surface. Much more supposed to be optical elements with trihedral, concave or otherwise shaped surfaces can be created, which the use of optical grinding and polishing technology forbids. Finally, the invention enable the production of high quality reflectors that are stable, light and stable.

The invention opens up a production technique which is derived from the technique for producing grids for diffraction for spectral analysis by printing. For the preparation of imprints (Replicas) one starts with a grid 1 "Generation (master) _t by applying to an optically accurately machined glass plate a relatively thick layer of a soft metal and then engraved in this Sohicht the lines or rungs of the grid for the preparation of a After the impression, an anti-adhesive layer is applied to the metallic surface of the 1st generation grid and then a thin metal layer is applied by vacuum evaporation, which covers a thin layer of an adhesive liquid substance. An optically processed glass plate is then pressed onto the adhesive layer. After the adhesive has been applied, the two glass plates are separated and the adhesive holds the metal layer in place, so that an imprint of the original, ie a 2nd generation grid, is obtained on the second plate.

According to the method according to the invention for producing a transparent or reflective optical Element with a certain optical surface

0098 85 / 19U

Shape, two elements are manufactured in this way: A shape is used whose effective surface is exactly complementary to the optical surface to be manufactured ρ The named shaping surface is obtained by the manufacturing technique used in optics Plane, cylinder, cone or sphere), which corresponds as far as possible to the desired optical surface - »The effective area of the form is coated with an antiadhesive !! The material is coated, and a layer of liquid polymerizable adhesive is then applied to the fleece as it moves away. Then, the other element © superposed on the former "dees .eich gegenübea their effective © fish? © et fe, s _o Then you wait Ibis poly * merieation etßttg @ fuaden has and separates the Elementeο This gives Weis © © in a stable »© ptisch @ B element, the body of which is formed by the Ts € g © r and the optical® surface by the dltone layer d®s

The effective © flee © of the wearer came k © ai © efej denfdrmig,

In case of
one puts the

Ia Pell d © 2?
(Lens) ordered

009885 / 19U

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Parent material »for example glass _P Two optical surfaces for the entry and exit of the rays are produced on this by means of two above-mentioned operations, which can take place at the same time by processing both surfaces of the support accordingly with two shapes ·

In one embodiment of the invention, after the effective surface of the mold has been provided with an adhesive layer, one of the elements is placed on a table with its effective surface upwards and a suitable amount of liquid polymeric adhesive is applied to the center of the surface. The weight of the other element, which has been placed on the former with its effective fold ex £ , forces the particles of adhesive applied to migrate to the periphery of the elements, thereby filling the space between the two surfaces, although their shapes are not exactly complementary will. According to a further development of the method according to the invention, the weight of the upper element is increased by an additional load.

Erfindungegemäss the separation of the elements after the polymerization by a slight warming • · total derives This is performed such that _r übermMssig · Temperaturuntereo & yba be avoided? The element to be produced then has an optical surface with the required concave or convex curvature. In the case of the two elements, the one with a concave effective surface 00 is arranged so that it faces upwards. In this way, a filling of the same size is obtained and the spaces in between and air bubbles are reported in the adhesive

00 9 885/1914

Production of optical elements with any effective surface

The method according to the invention has the advantages that the well-known Glees method has on the one hand, i.e. the simplicity of operational production and the possibility of producing optical elements of difficult shape in series. On the other hand, it has from Sdänlttverfahren the advantage "by a suitable choice of the carrier material, the any stable © ₉ can be mineral material, that the. © ptisoh © element obtained was fixed accurately and stably wi® © In optlaches element * entirely of The above-mentioned material was manufactured · Because of its low thickness, the influence of the polymer-coated adhesive is negligible in terms of its thermal expansion and thermal expansion «.

The method according to the invention enables economical production of asphlslse elements in series and the structure w & n ' photographic. or to simplify other lenses wesesätlidii ,. by reducing the number of wa, der @ a, kuibm erfQrdejfliehen lenses. Μβάο I @ t @ l6hli @ h becomes ü®r®n . Number in general doskalb ves'grtssert ₀ . two opticians from the 'Skoaonisolten Vertlgwag working time in favor of g®s®toitt®R®2a ephSrl0ohen

The carrier material kazm @lae eeiß «, Zux> Manufacture of a new mirror can, as well as -beatendiges-Hfeterial, like ·: ®ln silicate or an Ittall, used bsi

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Resorption enables and in use thermal gradients as causes of distortions of the dimensions decreased.

As the adhesive, an increased cold or at low temperature, zebo used under 50 ⁰ C, polymerized Beer end resin such as an epoxy resin, where the required hardeners and accelerators are added, or a Cyanoacrylharjs is preferably.

For the production of dioptric elements, for example Lenses, if you choose a transparent resin with a "

suitable refractive index and a permanent transparent material, for example a glass, as a carrier with matching refractive index · If the refractive index of the resin is close to that of the glass, it is no need to polish the support surface »For reasons of optical correction one strives for the choice of a glass and a resin whose refractive indices differ significantly from each other, and it It is advisable to polish the carrier in order to allow some of the light to diffuse at the boundary layer Avoid glass - resin.

The effective surface of the mold can be made from any Mate ™ rial, which is suitable for optically precise shaping, such as grinding and polishing. For example, glass or an aluminum alloy can be selected, which is covered with a thick chemical hickel layeri

The anti-adhesive agent can be a solution which can be vaporized from a resin, for example from a vinyl resin be. In many cases it is preferred because of its thinness and regularity

009885/1914

the layer is attached by vacuum evaporation Metal coating »Such a coating is not very sticky on the surfaces to which it is attached and is completely polymerized by the adhesive kept fatο

If the surface of the mold is made of metal, it is preferable to vaporize it under relatively low pressure, for example 10 " ⁴ mm of mercury, so that the coating adheres sufficiently well to the surface of the mold. _E

let the optical element to be manufactured be a mirror, so this metal coating should expediently have reflective properties; on the other hand is the one to be produced Element a dloptric element, the said coating is made by a suitable chemical reaction medium eliminated

The invention is shown below, for example, described in more detail with reference to the drawings

Figure "1 is a perspective view for explaining the Work gear in the manufacture of elements at the beginning of the method according to the invention%

Pigο2 a schematic view of a section through the assembly used during another manufacturing stage;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a finished element »

First, a cube 10 (Figd) made of glass ο .dgl. manufactured using the precision that optical technology offers ₀ A section of the glass cube is cut off in the vicinity of a corner® of the cube along the plane 12, so that a tetra-

009 885/1 9'U

Either 13 is obtained. The tetrahedron is in a vacuum vaporized with metal, so that the surfaces adjoining the corner receive a thin metal film ο -. - '■ ■

On the other side is from Aluminiumguse (FIG _o 2) or prepared in another Herstellungeweg a mold 20 which contains a Wabenbleoh 21 that approximated the three surfaces reproduces the anschlieasen at a tetrahedron to the top "Am honeycomb sheet may, moreover, by pulling a Metallstttoks A coating of hardenable resin is applied to the three surfaces. Before this coating hardens in the cavity of the tetreedrieche Glasbloek 13 is inserted, the saf s'ei · "nen three surfaces carries an attached by vacuum metal coating ₀ If the weight of the body 13 not being sufficient, low, pressure required to displace the to produce Harses is on the tetrahedral body a · additional mass 27 (Figure "2) gelegto in the übersug 22 Harss an impression is erseugt, the exact standing at right angles three faces of the Tvieders * orresponds ₀ Then allowed to curing of the resin progress to the volume, which is accompanied by a connection of the Bsrees with dta lletallflla «At the end of the hardening, the block 13 is removed * The Met» 1IfiIm soldered off the block and remains on the hardened bars coating · You get eo an optical element, the body consists of the mold 20, and which has three reflective surfaces 24, 25 · 26 (Fig.3), the

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. '203 0Ί92 - ίο -

stand perpendicular to each other and which can serve, for example, as reflectors of great optical quality · ·

The small amount of resin used enables To avoid deformations due to shrinkage and creep, which would appear if the body of the optical element consisted entirely of Hans

AusfUhrungsbeiaj) iel_11, The metallic film, which is deposited on the glass block by vacuum evaporation, P is a gold deposit o For molding, not only the wall of the mold is provided with a hardening bar, but the resin is applied in the same way to the tried-and-tested surfaces of the metallized glass block · By moving the Teil® together on the surfaces provided with Hars, the tetrahedron and the metal piece are covered in the same way with Hars

After curing of the Harsss and separating the Qoldschioht is lifted off the glass and remains in the resin which i connected to the metal piece ₉ @ t Dae'QoIdspielt the role of the anti-adhesive substance on

the glass block and shows reflective® Higo & sofeaft® »- '"' ■ φ on the Hars.

A Spoaqrdhars »Maa ®» i @ lt good results with an undm. the Efara® »^ AssMit SW 402" known Har »in connection with the under the name ⁿ SW 4®2 ^m In this case does the construction fluctuate? see 15 and 48 Stuoien at and 1S ⁰ O.

f lektov with

OQBSiS / 1; 9 H BAD ORIGlNAI.

; ■ ^; '. -11 - ■ '', ■■■ "-

starts with a support, which is formed by a ribbed aluminum _{disc 0} The disc has a thickness of 10 mm with the ribs. The effective surface of the disk consists of a spherical surface with a radius of curvature of 1600 mm (opening F: 4). The effective surface of the form consists of a paraboloid cut into glass. After casting and polymerization, the adhesive layer compensates for the changes in the thickness of several Jo from the ER for the conversion of the spherical surface of the disk in the parabolic surface "conducive are _e The role of a antladhäsiven substance playing metal and the reflector are made of aluminum that has been deposited on the glass paraboloid in a vacuum

Hit the same tooling can arbitrarily many parabolic mirrors are made.

4US? Ä ^ £ ü2SSkSi§2iSl: -2i ^A * ^s another embodiment of the

Invention is to produce a Schmidtsehe plate. The manufacturing technology corresponds to the previous one Unformed, a plane-parallel carrier is used as the carrier Glass top with optical surface treatment ,, _Λ The effective surface of the form consists of glass and ™

is cut in such a way that it is the complementary one

Shape results from the desired shape of the Schmidt optics «, The adhesive is an Araldlt resin. The aluminum

layer becomes after polymerization and separation with

Removed with the help of a basic reactant.

0 09885 / 1.9 U BADORIGtNAL

Claims (1)

2Q-3Q192 Fate η t a η β ρ r ti e h e Process for the production of an optical surface by casting with a hardening resin, characterized by a casting of the resin in a mold, the surface of which represents the complementary surface of the optical surface to be produced with optical accuracy, and by a carrier, the effective surface of which is the surface to be produced does not correspond with optical accuracy, and also in that an anti-adhesive film is applied between the heart and the mold, in such a way that after the resin has hardened, the mold can be separated from the carrier and a resin adhering to the carrier remains, its surface dw corresponds to the desired optical surface » 2. Process for the production of an optical element, characterized in that the optical surface des Elementea according to the method according to claim 1 a carrier of the elements to be produced is generated o 3o method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the antiadhesive film consists of a metal film « 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal film is produced by vacuum vapor deposition, 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that that the element of a treatment & ur elimination of the Metal films is subjected 6ο procedure according to Anepraoh 2 _f thereby g @ k®tmseielmet _s 8 8 5/1914 that the halo layer is kept sufficiently thin, that temperature changes and aging do not have a detrimental effect on the optical properties of the element. 7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that let a metallic support be provided. ·. 8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that a support made of glass is provided, 9 »Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the carrier is hollow. 10 «Method according to Claim 2, characterized by y that on the same carrier there are two optical surfaces are formed by two half-layers cast on the outer surfaces. II. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that that the carrier is made of transparent material » 12 "Aspherical" Lins © "characterized by their manufacture according to claim 11. 13. Lens, identified by at least one The optical element produced by the method according to claim 2. ■., ■ 14 · Öptisohee Slemant gekennseiohnet; 'mlndeetens by an optical surface uad a solid support _f which an Escape is formed by a layer of polymerieierten Hareee _f and daduroh that dleee surface dee Slower angeaMhert the optical Oberfläohenfor "bt®itet 15. Optisohee Ilement according to claim 14, characterized in that the kisser surface with a reflective Sohioht bfdaokt let, 16o optional element according to Anepruoh 14, because you know that it rejects the fact that the holder of the carrier is ready for use ", 00988 571914 Lee r side