DE2024012A1 - Device for locating faults on conductors and cables using the impulse locating method - Google Patents

Description

Vseso.rasnyo naucno -issledovatel'ski ^ 15- May 1970

insuit-u-u elelriroeiiergetiki P 32 587/1

Kosiraii / SS2

SEiRIUETUMi ZUÜ FSHLSKOR'-OTG Ali LEiIESK UKB ITACH BBM

Bie 3 & fLadung concerns «devices for ^ fault location Conductors and cables, especially devices for fault location on conductors and cables on the basis of the impulse location method. - .; ■■■.

Eb is a device for fault location on conductors and cables on the basis of the impulse location method, e.g. * according to your U d £ 5 R copyright certificate 261566

Class 2112, 29 known, which has a feed unit ^ taktimpuls-, furid SäcGaahniriipulsgeneratoren, a comparator, a

and includes an amplifier.

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This facility has "a sensitivity to it faults occurring in the line

insufficient accuracy in measuring JSntfemu;

he
genes vnn defects and is characterized by a complicated structure, since a cathode ray tube is usually used as a display device in such devices.

The presence of a cathode-ray tube with a relatively high operating voltage, a heating cathode and low shock and vibration resistance increases the cost of the entire device, increases its dimensions and weight, and reduces its reliability.

The invention aims to remedy these deficiencies.

The invention is based on the object of a device for locating faults on conductors and cables according to the

e
To develop pulse locating methods which result in increased interference immunity, display stability, high measurement accuracy and low manufacturing costs.

If necessary, this is achieved in that the Device for locating faults on conductors and cables according to c impulse locating methods, except for the above-mentioned component scans,

also with a constant voltage meter with integrators, which contain two capacitors, ax two switches, eir. Switching arrangement and a control pulse part equipped ι where the mentioned DC voltage meter to the execution. of the two integrator capacitors, the

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A switch is connected to the outputs and another switch to the inputs, the input of the first switch is connected to the output of the amplifier and the output of the second switch is connected to the input of the pulse modulator, and the control inputs of the switches are connected to the first output of the control pulse part are, which is connected with its input to the '2akt pulse generator and meanderi'Öriuige Hechteckimpulse at the mentioned first output as well as pulses of one polarity formed at the second output, which is connected to the input of the sawtooth pulse generator _} with the mentioned switching arrangement between the first output of the Sawtooth pulse generator and the input of the locating pulse generator is switched on and has a control input which is connected to the first output of the control pulse part

To avoid the influence of disruptive feeder pulses on the To exclude the operation of the device and to increase the stability of the supply voltage, one can use a " Use a voltage converter based on a two-stroke pike-corner pulse generators equipped with semiconductor components is constructed, in which the input of the control pulse part is connected to the collector of a transistor is. ·

To decouple the measuring pulse generator and the to test cable with low input resistance as well as for

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Dynamic expansion of the measuring range can ßev Inpulsmoäulatop · as a series connection of a diode, the emitter-e-collector ^ Übar-. Transition of a transistor operated in base connection and a capacitor executed Ssin ,, whereby the 7orsparni £ ag from the output of the second switch and the measuring pulses are fed to a diode electrode and the voltage taken from the cable to be tested is applied to the base of the transistor.

IJm a regulation of the termination pulse delay in 3e ~ towards the clock pulse without loss of measurement accuracy enable a shell for the sawtooth generator use tang, in d <? about a condensate gram from an Eochspan--

is charged to voltage <3rd source via a resistor <f and to the capacitor via a diode and a resistor connected to an additional voltage source, the base of a Tran-r-. sistor is connected, which forms a duty cycle _? whose opening level is regulated by the Sliaitterpotential, -which from the collector of this transistor, a signal for the. mentioned switching arrangement is removed.

A facility like / <? R qeschLogan er ^. enables the successful solution of the tasks set. Compared to the facilities with electron tubes, the " ba &chriehene" facility has costs, dimensions, weight and electrical power consumption that are many times lower. This makes the facility for field workers

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ßi & e examinations of energy and communication directors and cables as well as for checking the plug-in electrical system.

ce ::: · ■

The Y / esen invention explains the following in detail Description of an exemplary embodiment of the object of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, shows -

ifi ·. ··. 1 a block ehalt image of the facility to be described; ■■ Ä

2 shows the basic electrical circuit diagram of the supply part;

em
j? ig »3 basic electrical circuit diagram of the pulse module

uQI'35

£ i η

j? y. 4 basic electrical circuit diagram of the sawtooth generator j

J? Y. 5 and 6 diagrams of pulses at the input and output of the circuit parts of the 5 ¹ Ig. 1 shown device.

V / ie from I? Ig. 1 contains the

Set up a clock pulse generator and

Feeding part 1, one connected to the output of the module 1 Si; your imp ul st part 2, a sawtooth generator 3, its the first output is connected to the input of the switching arrangement 4, one connected to the output of the switching arrangement 4

ijQneri Ox'tun-; simpulsgenerator 5, a comparator 6 adjustable adaptation level, which is between the second output

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of the generator 5 and the input, the iiess pulse generator ?. 7th is a pulse modulator 8, whose first JD input is on the cable to be measured and its input to the generator 7 is connected, one between the Ivlodulator 3 and the Switch 10 lying pulse amplifier and pulse stretcher 9j switched between the switch 10 and the switch 12 Capacitors 11 and a DC voltmeter Ip, the the versions der'Kondensatoren 11 is connected.

The structural unit 1 fulfills two tasks at the same time. It serves as a clock pulse generator and as a supply voltage transformer, which converts the DC voltage from the supply source into several rectified voltage values. The unit 1 is constructed according to the known circuit of the two-stroke Hechteckiiapulsegenerator (j? Y. 2). Various taps of the secondary winding 14- on the transformer 15 of this generator take place via rectifier diodes 16 and in]? Ig. 2 filter elements, not shown, supply the entire device. The peculiarity of this structural unit is that the collector C of a transistor 17 is connected to the input of the control pulse part 2 at point "a".

Through this connection, the functions of the supply unit and the clock pulse generator are combined, since the pulses from point "a" are straight clock pulses that synchronize the operation of the entire device. The following beneficial effect is achieved: the influence of the disruptive feeder pulses on the operation of the device is eliminated, the rod 1-

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The quality of the feed and the dimensions of the filter elements in the feed circuit are a little smaller. ■

These properties are detailed in the description the work dynamics of the facility.

The S ^- C your pulse part 2 forms at its first output in different-shaped hexagonal pulses and at the second output recircular pulses synchronously when trigger pulses from the clock pulse generator arrive at its input. The path of the control pulse part 2 is connected at point "a" to the collector cos transistor 17 (FIG. 2) at the output of the component.

The sawtooth generator ρ forms a linearly increasing voltage at one of its outputs synchronously with the arrival of the pulses from the other output of the unit 2 at its input, the other output of this generator, the formation of a pulse which is sent to the The saw tooth generator is constructed according to a known circuit (Pig, 3) in which a capacitor C _{1 is} charged by a high-voltage source B via a resistor R scarf "- tung, namely to an embodiment of the capacitor C, via a diode 18, a Dener to a second supply source ® ₂ resistance e ₂ and the base ολ" .Transistors 19 scnloGsen, wherein, the transistor 19 forms a Siaststufe whose opening level regulated by the emitter potential, the collector of the transistor 19 is connected to the input of the switching

10 98 TS / 123 9 bad original

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arrangement 4 connected.

This type of connection enables the Crting pulse delay in relation to the clock pulse dime penalty of measuring accuracy.

The linearly increasing sawtooth voltage is generated by the capacitor G-, removed, the one with the first. Entrance of the comparator 6 is connected.

The switching arrangement 4 closes and opens the trigger circuit of the locating pulse generator 5 d ^e after the pulse voltage value at its control input. This input is connected to the first output of the control pulse part 2.

The response value of the! Comparator 6 can be regulated. The comparator 6 forms a pulse in the ~~ at its output Point in time,!. Ό ib>; the linearly increasing voltage at its first Entrance by the operator at the / second entrance of the comparator has been reached. The first entrance of the comparator 6 is connected to the second output of the generator ρ and its output with the input of the keßimpulsgenerators? tied together.

The pulse modulator 8 modulates the amplitude of his second input supplied measuring pulses proportional to the voltage supplied by the Ka bel to its first input. The circuit of the pulse modulator 8 is in Pig. 4 listed.

The diode 20, the Üiaitter-collector junction of the Iran .sistor 21 and the capacitor C ₉ are connected in series.

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Iji a 3Iekti-ode of the diode 20, the outputs of the measuring input generator 7 and the switch 12 ″ (negative feedback) are connected. The base of the transistor 21 is connected to the cable 22 to be measured and the capacitor C ^ to the input of the amplifier 9.

This type of connection ensures the decoupling of the pouring pulse generator 7 and the low singang resistance of the cable to be tested and spread the dynamic measuring range.

The switch 10 sets the circuit leading from the pulse amplifier and stretcher 9 alternately between two capacitors 11 each after your from the first output of the control input part 2 (Fig. 1) supplied pulse voltage level.

The capacitors ¹ ^ integrate the voltage that is supplied to them via the switch 10 from the pulse amplifier and stretcher 9. ■■■■ -.

The switch 12 alternately applies the capacitors 11 to the second input of the modulator 8 (negative feedback branch) depending on the one supplied by the first output of the control pulse part Pulse voltage level.

The DC voltmeter 15 (e.g. (faacnetcelelctrisches x.iikroaniperemeter) measures the potential difference of the capacitors 11.

The method of operation of the device is described below with reference to the in fig. 5 and 6 described voltage diagrams.

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The unit 1 (Fig. 1), which acts as a feed voltage unit and at the same time as a clock pulse generator die.it, generates meander-shaped Keenteck pulses (Fig. 5a) ₉ which are fed to the aera input of the control pulse part 2. The control pulse part 2 forms at its first output nuanced pulses with half the frequency (Fig. 5b) and at the second output rectangular pulses of one polarity (Fig. 5g), the latter trigger the sawtooth generator ρ, at whose first output short pulses (Fig 5d) appear, which trigger the locating pulse generator 5 via the switching arrangement 4- (Figo 5e). At the second output of the sawtooth generator 5, a linearly increasing voltage (Fig. 5 £) is generated, which is applied to the first input of the comparator 6 .

The generation of short pulses whose leading edge coincides exactly with the beginning point (zero value) of the Ran accuracy locking linearly increasing voltage occurs in the dargesellten in Figo J> circuit.

The square-wave pulses mentioned, which arrive at the input of the Sieueri / r \ puL $ tdi <i2 , block the control switch, not shown in Fig. , via the resistor R-, and at the same time from the voltage source E ^ via the resistor Rp, When the voltage on the capacitor C _{1 reaches} the voltage value at the emitter of the transistor 19 (ie the zero value), the latter will open and at its collector a short impulse appears

1 0 9 8 1 S / 1 2 3 9

(2ίο « 5 <Q $ dor via the switching arrangement, 4- to the generator 5

'·' S oOlaiigt, the generator 5 sending a Orttmgimpuls U ₁ into the

Zabel 22 to be checked sends. This impulse as well as that of the ■ Some of the impulses TJg reflected in the cable are in-jig. 5s shown. At the same time, the diode 18 is blocked, where ' the charging of the capacitor C ^ only from the high voltage source S-, gev / ährl eist et is, i.e. no distortions of the linearly increasing "voltage (Pig. 5f) are permitted.

The comparator 6 (Pig. 1) has a second input, ex, which the operator sets a voltage level with the potentiometer 23. Since the atm. Output of the comparator 6 when the set level / (Pig. Sh) is reached a pulse appears due to the linearly increasing voltage, the time interval between the localization pulse transmission (i.e. the yorderfianice of the short pulse from generator 3) and the pulse from the output of comparator 6 is proportional to the voltage value at its second input. This time interval is the & rz £ The line point determined by the operator is directly proportional. For this reason, the potentiometer at the second input of the comparator 6 is calibrated in meters.

The pulses from the output of the comparator 6 synchronously trigger the Ueßimpulsgenerator 7 (Pig. 61), from the output of which the pulses reach the second input of the pulse modulator 8. A ... first input of this modulator δ arrives at the spa of don to be tested Ivab'i 23, which is at each of.

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the impulses of the control unit 2 conditional unyeradasjiligen '. Clock from the locating impulses and reflected impulses with Faults composed (with the switching arrangement 4- closed is), and with every even-numbered cycle only from disturbance en-consists (with the switching arrangement 4 open). From the output of the modulator 8 the pulses arrive (Fig. 6 j) to the pulse amplifier and expander 9 ,, which the pulse duration enlarged at constant amplitude. The stretched impulses are via the switch 10 according to the. Control impulses. from the first output of the unit 2 alternately at "each odd clock the one capacitor 11 and. with everyone even clock fed to the other. Of the capacitors 11, the voltage is determined by means of the second similar one Switch 12 alternately on the second input of the lüodulator ö given, the negative feedback and thus the stable .and accurate work of the establishment "in a large dynamic Area is guaranteed. This effect is achieved with the aid of the pulse modulator circuit shown in Fig. 4-.

Before the arrival of the next measuring pulse from the C-enerator 7, the diode 20 and the transistor 21 are blocked.

Depending on the bias voltage fed to the anode of the diode 20 via the feedback branch of switch 12 and on the oxidant value of the incoming from cable 22 to the base of transistor 21. Voltage, a part of the LeZ pulse (3? I £ .6; j) which is proportional to the cable voltage at the time of the pulse

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aiikonf ΐ ν om ^ eß pulse generator 7 is.

Corresponding parts of the measuring pulses / you via the pulse amplifier and stretchers 9 as well as via the IQ switch, additionally charge the capacitors 11 via a 'T' cycle on and change in a corresponding manner the over the iiück-. Coupling branch applied to the diode 20 'bias. After some 'i'akteri stalls itself in the closed circuit of building initiation 8-9-1Ü-12-8 the steady state on and to the Capacitors 11 build up voltages that match the pulse voltages at the determined point of the cable 22 at a given Time shift in relation to the locating pulse (Fig. 6 k, l, m) are proportional ». ·

The voltage difference across the capacitors 11 is measured from the Ließ into the truraent 13 . The disturbances are substraniertj ie compensated.

-aeira moving the knob from the potentiometer 25 on the second Singang of! Comparators 6 by the operator, which is provided with a calibrated in meter scale, the display of the ivleßinstruments IJ changes depending on the pulse W tension on the cable for respective distances from the cable beginning .

The "scale point on the rOtentiometer 2p _} when passing through it the measuring instrument 15. results in a large pointer deflection resulting from the reflected pulse, corresponds to the 3nt- 'of the missing parts.

a bonorkbai-e shift of the potentiometer 2p.

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no faster than a few tenths of a second In this time, well over ten operating talks run Facility (with a frequency of 10 kHz) and be appropriate. Voltages on the capacitors 11 are formed. Consequently corresponds to the display of iiieio instrument 13 stable the impulse behavior of a line at each point.

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Claims (1)

15th quay 1970 ^D 32 5 ^ Direction for fault location on conductors and cables according to the Irrpuls ortungsverfahren, which contains a supply part, Genera'öorcn for · generation of üi'akt-, locating, measuring pulses and a linearly increasing voltage, a comparator, an Impulsnoaulaüor and an amplifier , because of this: e η η ζ e rejects that with an equal span ■ nun ^ saesser (Ip), with integrators α «s two capacitors (11), two switches (10,12), a containment arrangement ( 4 ) and is equipped with a ^ i Steuerinpulstell (2) aas ge, where the DC voltmeter (13) is connected to the versions of the two integrator cones (11) which ' that of the cie * j In accordance with one switch (10) at the outputs and one at the inputs of the other switch (12), the input of the first switch (10) to the output of the amplifier (9) and the output of the respective switch (12) to the input from pulse module laboratory (b), and the control inputs the switch (10,12) to the first output of the control Gescn & ltet, which is connected with its input to the Tslvtimpulsgenerator and forms meander-shaped xiechteclcimpulse at the mentioned first output as well as impulses of one polarity at the second output, which is connected with the input cos sawtooth pulse generator (J), and the mentioned switching arrangement (^) between dera first output of the Säge3aiininTOulsgenerators ^vJ (3) "is switched on and one 109816/1239 Control input tightly connected to the first 'exit' of the Control pulse part (2) is connected » 2. Device according to claim!, Characterized in that 'that the feed part (1) nit one. Sp azinungs converter is equipped, which is built on the G-runclage of a 2;? E-clock square-wave pulse generator equipped with semiconductor components, at & ez. the input of the control pulse part (2) is connected to the collector of a transistor (1?). cien
J, device according to claims 1 and '2, thereby It is indicated that the pulse generator (S) is designed as a series connection of a diode (20), the Skitter ^ KollelrJor transition of a base-operated transistor (21) and a capacitor (Cz) _? the bias voltage from the output of the wide switch (12) and the measurement pulses from the generator. (7) fed to a SiektXOde of the period 20 bind _? mad die ä & m g «. p3? lif # iiQ © » li & Q®l (Sg) taken voltage to the base of ¹ I ¹ P; ms is ox? s (21) sets isr. 4. Device according to. Claims 1 to J, because 4 ρ ch ge ke η η ζ e ichnet that the ßä ^ eaghn ^ enerator (p) has a capacitor (C-j_), which is from a Lioehspannunrsquelle (E- ^) is charged via a resistor (R ₁ ), whereby to the capacitor (C ^) via a diode (18) and a 10981571239 with an additional voltage source (S ₂ ) connected "./id first and (Hp) the base of a transistor (19) is connected, which forms a sensing stage, the opening level of which is regulated by the Saitter potential, and a signal for the from the collector of this transistor Switching arrangement (4) ab- cnr. Is ". 109815/1239 BAD OfflGINAL