DE2023227A1 - Friction brake and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Description

, M.ec. oi (* l .-> »hvs. oh. mm ..- f» HY ».

HÖ0ER - LEGAL RIGHTS - GRiESSBACH - HAECKER

IN STUTTGART

A 38 184 m
a - fl
.12. May 1970

Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp, Toledo, Ohio USA

Friction brake and process for its manufacture

The invention relates to a friction brake, in particular Drum or disc brake with an optionally actuatable Brake part which enters into a brake connection with a relatively movable machine part; the invention relates to. furthermore a lining material for such friction brakes and a method for the production of such a lining material *

In general, the invention relates to the use of oriented bsw. aligned glass fibers in a rigid, • stable binding agent as brake lining material. Due to the structural strength and resistance of certain thermoplastic resins or plastics and other binders, which are reinforced by glass fibers has already been proposed in accordance with the prior art, fiber-reinforced KunstharzatöffG as reinforcing layers for composite heating materials in clutches, brakes and to use the same. So goes from U.S. Patents 2,158

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and 3 365 041 the use of woven glass fiber fabrics or spun threads as reinforcement for common asbestos or metallic brake or clutch linings. In addition, U.S. Patents 2,554,548 and 2,158,337 use a glass fiber matrix in connection with other conventional brake material excited into a brake lining, the Glass fibers for physical, i.e. physical reinforcement of the composite or built-up surface or also as Fill material can be used.

In addition or apart from the proposed uses, Glass fibers were still used as structural reinforcement or as a filler material for friction materials not used in brake pad materials, and it is widely accepted v / was that the wear properties and the coefficient of friction would not be satisfactory and substantially below those more conventionally more commonly used today Friction materials would be, such as asbestos fibers or metallic coverings with certain High temperature brakes.

It was found, however, that brake linings which consist of firmly and rigidly interconnected glass fibers result in a brake lining for disc brakes, for example, or in general a brake lining in which the glass fibers are aligned or in which the glass fibers According to their arrangement, they have a substantial number of fiber ends which intersect the braking surface or which appear in the braking surface, have excellent wear. 3 and friction properties. Is .Dementsprechend propose ea, the main object of the present invention, a new combustion material or a friction brake, the

009847/1323

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May 12, 1970

Brake material made of glass fibers ", which is in such a Arrangement are interconnected that the braking surface of the braking material is cut from a number of fiber ends, which the friction and wear properties improve this material considerably.

To solve this problem, the invention is based on a friction brake of the type described above and consists in the fact that the contacting surfaces of the brake part and the movable part are cut by a number of glass fiber ends arranged in the brake lining and extending in one direction. A lining material suitable for use in such friction brakes is that a number of glass fibers connected by a binder are provided in the lining material and that the glass fibers extend in a direction at an angle to the braking surface of the lining.

A method for the production of such brake linings, in which a number of glass fibers extend at an angle to an M braking surface, is characterized in that a body which has an elongated extension is made of a solid binding agent and of glass fibers, the main direction of which is in the direction of the elongated extension - of the body is produced, that the elongated body is cut in Biokke with surfaces running at an angle to the main axis, that the blocks with the cut surfaces are lined up and connected in a common direction, preferably by coating with a cover layer and that the braking surface thus formed is cut by a number of fiber ends.

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As already stated above, studies have the Significantly improved wear and friction properties of synthetic resin-impregnated glass fiber blocks found, v / obei the alignment of the fibers in the blocks was carried out so that a substantially large number of fiber ends the Arbeitsbzw. Braking surface of the block intersects, so that when the Each block is in frictional engagement with the moving part of a brake, i.e. a drum or disc These fiber ends act as a small plane or wedge which comes into contact with the opposite surface and a tiny grinding effect or a grooving effect causes together with a material removal, which for a good frictional connection is necessary. It is believed that previous brake tests with unaligned or not oriented glass fibers or with woven fibrous mats in the brake lining therefore resulted in an unsatisfactory result because the connection of the fibers with the braking surface represented a relatively large, soft and unbroken surface, for example a fiber side (tangential to the circumference) so that the chiselling effect substantially reduces the cutting action and the material removal or was not present at all.

As already mentioned, it is therefore the main object of this invention to provide a braking material which is oriented, i.e., comprises aligned glass fibers having a large number of fiber ends intersecting the braking surface at an angle so as to improve the wear and fading properties of brakes using this material. Another The object of the present invention is to be seen in providing a method for producing such brake materials, which of the braking surface has a number of ends or

0 09.847 / 1323.

CONSTRUCTION ORIGINAL

A 38 184 πι

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May 12, 1970

Loops that perform through. Wear quickly disappear when the loop is broken and the respective ends are now in the braking surface.

Other advantages and uses of the present Invention emerge from the following description, in which structure and mode of operation of an embodiment of the invention and a process for the preparation of according to the invention Parts will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. It shows:

Pig. 1 shows the schematic in perspective Arrangement of a disc brake for motor vehicles with brake parts which are a brake lining material have according to the invention,

Pig. 2, also in a perspective view, the schematic representation of a circular or arcuate one Drum brake, whereby the brake drum was cut away and the brake shoes and linings accordingly of the invention,

Pig. 3 shows the partial section in a side view a brake shoe corresponding to that in Pig. 2 shown drum brake with one, with rivets attached brake pad according to the invention,

Pig. FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along line 4-4 of FIG Fig. 3, -

• Pig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in a schematic view a brake lining material according to the invention

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dung, the position of a fiberglass rod or the position of textured glass fibers is indicated schematically within the block,

Fig. 5B shows in a view another embodiment of a covering material of the invention, the ring-shaped or spiral-arranged glass fibers indicated schematically are,

Pig. 6a and 6b show a manufacturing method of a

preferred embodiment of a covering material according to the invention with cut off Share the in Pig. 6A shown blocks, which are applied to a base, so that a considerable Number of fiber ends appears in the braking surface,

Finally, FIGS. 7A and 7B show similarly to FIG

and FIG. 6B shows the manufacture of another covering material according to the invention.

In the pig. 1 and 2 are conventional, disc and drum brake designs shown, the brake pads L, which with the disc brake chuck 10 in Fig. 1 or with the Brake shoes 11a and 11b in Fig. 2 are connected. In the case of the disc brake shown in Fig. 1, the move Brake parts 10 selectively in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the disc brake 13, the normal direction of rotation thereof (when the carriage moves forward) in

009847/1323

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Direction of the arrow shown. In the case of the in Pig. 2 drum brake shown runs in the normal direction of rotation of the brake drum 14 as indicated by the arrow, where, d: 'a brake shoe 11a is the leading brake shoe, i.e. the leading one, and the brake shoe 11b the following one Represents brake shoe. As stated earlier, the present invention relates to the use of a Glass fiber-impregnated material or material mixed with glass fibers, with a considerable number of fiber ends or thread ends is present in the braking surface in order to produce a scratching or cutting effect to remove material, what is essential; for an effective resistance against fading of the brake and for an acceptable coefficient of friction. The preferred material in in this case, the filaments or fibers are arranged generally in a direction which the braking surface cuts so that the fiber ends are exposed or are recognizable as point-shaped ends. In Figs. 3 and 4 is such a construction is shown in which short, parallel fibers or threads in a stiff binder are embedded around a brake lining L for the drum brake version of FIG. 2. The fiber direction is at an angle of approximately 45 ° to a plane which is arranged perpendicular to a tangent plane T, which, as shown in Fig. 3, at the intersection of the fibers with the Braking surface touches the brake pad. Outstanding braking properties and an excellent braking effect are achieved, as long as the fiber direction moves between a plane arranged perpendicular to the tangent plane and the tangent plane itself. The more the fiber angle of the tangent plane, the jst denoted by T in FIG. 3, approximates to so It is more likely that there is essentially surface contact for contact with the brake drum,

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so that, as a result, the scratching effect and the material scraping effect that is necessary for proper braking is lost. When the paser direction continues and crosses an i.imvel perpendicular to the tangent plane (and further away from the direction of relative movement), the effectiveness of the brake becomes more and more effective reduced, since the Pasern is no longer an end part Offer or represent the achievement of a kind of chisel effect with regard to the braking surface. From this it can be seen that an optimal braking effect with one of the materials shown will only occur when the brake drum 14 moved relative to the brake lining L in its normal direction of rotation, as shown by the arrow. this however, offers no difficulty in facilities in normal self-propelled vehicles, as a Braking when moving backwards, and at relatively low speeds, not such an effectiveness of the brakes and necessitates such a resistance to fading as is regularly the case with braking in the forward direction is needed. In addition, a braking effect in one direction, i.e. a direction-dependent braking effect, may be desirable for certain institutions, where a relative motion is to be maintained in one direction but not in the other.

In the case of the disc brake assembly shown in Fig. 1, the main direction of the Pasern between the plane that perpendicular to the plane of the rotating disk 13 and a plane which is arranged parallel to the disk plane .iüt, run, measured against the normal Direction of rotation. The fiber is correct as follows is yet to be described and also represented in the claims int, defined by being on the side of a perpendicular

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to the plane of the braking surface extending plane, the is arranged against the direction of rotation or against the movement of the oppositely extending braking surface.

In the pig. 5 to 7 are brake pads and procedures for their Manufacture shown according to the invention; In everyone Palle include the materials used glass fibers or threads of the type or a kind that a substantial number from ends opposite the braking surface appear as further detailed above. In each of these figures there is a covering plate in the way it can be used for the disc brake shown in Figure 1; it goes without saying, however, that in each case the material used is also shaped in this way can be that a brake pad for the in Fig. 2 shown Drum brake results or any other form.

In Fig. 5A a block of a covering material is shown schematically, in which stacks or layers of glass fibers or bulky bulky fibers: .-: it a variety of loops and Folds and turns and also non-parallel fibers arranged and secured in a solid binder or anchored, with the major axis of the fibers in direction of arrow F runs. In this embodiment the surface labeled 15A can be used as the braking surface since it is generally perpendicular to the paser direction F runs. In addition, however, the upper surface 16A can also be used as a breech surface, since a Number of end parts, i.e. fiber ends which are stiff from broken layer ends or from windings or loops, cut this surface as well as the ribbon axes themselves. In the case of surface 16A, the intersection angle would be Fiber or layer ends on each side of the perpendicular to the

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3ADQBiGlNAL

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May 12, 1970 ■ 10 -Ki-

Braking surface extending plane lie, so that there is a "bidirectional "Braking. This property can be used to advantage in application examples where a "Undirectional" or only one-way braking effect is not wanted. As explained earlier, an initial brake use is a minor one Abrasion or wear of the braking surface causes, ia In the case of loops, i.e. of glass fibers running in loops in the brake lining, these loops wear out quickly or open to the extent that two ends are now formed or represented in the braking surface. Such an initial one Erosion or such a wear effect can be carried out as a manufacturing step in the manufacture of the brake linings so that the surfaces of the brake pads are immediately suitable for installation and use.

In Fig. 5, a further embodiment is shown in where the glass fibers have a so-called corkscrew or spiral arrangement, and the main axis is the vortex or spirally extending glass fibers in turn runs in the direction of arrow F. As in the example 5A, both surface 15B and surface 16B can be used as a braking surface, the surface 1633 shows the tips or ends of a number of turns that have been ground away and so for one The braking surface represent the desired thread end parts.

In FIGS. 6A and 6B, a possibility or a method for producing a brake lining material is shown schematically of the present invention shown in which i ™ essentially all fibers in a single direction e-.tlang of the fiber axis F as shown in Fig. 6A. The Brerasbelagrnaterial is made by repeated cutting.

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Slices obtained in the direction of arrow S from the block shown in Fig. Βλ; the individual lining portions are then applied to a common rear surface 17 in order in this way to produce the braking surface 18 shown in FIG. 6B. Using the general approach illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B allows a number of variations in braking material. Sc can, for example, in the case of the curved brake lining for the drum brake shown in FIG To press pressure as the trailing edge against the inner drum surface of the counter-system, the angle of intersection between the fiber axes in the brake lining and the brake surface changes or it progresses gradually changing over the entire brake shoe, in order to compensate for this pressure difference. For example, it may furthermore be desirable to bring the fiber angle into effect more strongly on the parts of the brake shoe that run off in order to compensate for the lower brake pressure present there. Furthermore, it is possible to change the direction of the subdivided surface relative to the fiber axis F in order to correspond to a particular field of application. Furthermore, different sections of a brake lining with different pulp properties due to different fiber directions or binding agent properties can be used alternately in order to achieve maximum wear behavior, friction efficiency or effective cooling of such additional friction properties to achieve.

I ii the Fir. '■ "/. Uud ' lh is another method of horn division ν r. Hr> : .. nhelarra ^ erial corresponding to the Vürliere :;>;;;

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Invention shown, which is the Pig. 6A and δ Β insofar is similar, when likewise a strip of glass fibers or glass threads generally extends in the direction of the fiber axis P extends, the brake lining is then prepared and divided, the individual parts turned over and on one common rear surface 17 attached. In this Palle will the braking strip produced by a mat or fibers deposited and built up on top of one another Conveyor belt fall so that they do not, as in Fig. 6 shown, are absolutely parallel to each other, but their main direction of extent runs in the direction of arrow F, be used. In this embodiment he ~ there is an improved strength of the entire chock insofar as each of these fibers at least one another once also extends in the lateral direction with regard to the main fiber direction F, whereby a reinforcement function of the fibers within the block itself.

In addition to the improved friction and wear characteristics discussed above, the lining material of the present invention also has good thermal conductivity in a direction away from the braking surface so that the heat developed from that surface passes through the brake lining and is distributed and removed by the other associated parts, such as the brake shoe 11a _{s shown in FIG.} As can be seen from FIG. 4, each of the fibers extending from the friction surface through the lining width of the brake lining to the brake shoe acts as a heat conductor which dissipates the heat directly to the brake shoe, in contrast to the randomly arranged fibers in which the heat flow is not directed to the brake shoe, but that in the

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With regard to the glass fibers less conductive binding material or another filler material must pass. Good thermal conductivity also results when bulky or gaps running yarns made of glass fibers are used because due to the lateral extension of each of these yarns and strands, the glass fibers in the covering strip have a direct Cause contact with such strands or yarns in adjacent layers and thereby improve the thermal conductivity, for example in contrast to completely parallel lines, which are laminar or flat or plate-shaped Have effect so that localized heat spots without a direct connection with the rest of the brake lining and the other parts can develop.

In addition, through the use of certain coatings or sizing arrangements on the glass fibers, both their heat behavior as well as the behavior of the material during hot braking improves. For example, if a Borosilica * glass fiber with a relatively low melting point is used, then a coating or ", a Layer of a friction modifier, such as aluminum, zinc, tungsten salt, titanium, etc. both have the Brerase properties at high temperatures as well as the wear behavior improve and influence favorably. The application of great heat will cause the coating on the glass fibers an endothermic reaction takes place and the coating in Alurainium glass or something similar is converted, which is harder than the original glass. This makes it wrong, aldas Improved wear behavior, the endothermic reaction continues to absorb a certain amount of heat and prevent it in this way unwanted fading during the time of an emergency stop ^ Lie formed in this way very hard

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Crystals, for example aluminum crystals, would then have the tendency _{9 to act} as a special kind of wedge between the brake lining and the drum surface or to develop a kind of wedge effect at all, which increases the braking effectiveness, since tiny aluminum particles are removed from the fibers during heavy braking to be broken away "

The binding materials used in the manufacture of the brake linings _{according to the invention should have a high melting point 9} they should be rigid, solid materials that can withstand the physical pressure and temperatures to which they are subjected during heavy braking Synthetic resins that do not vitrify or glaze ₉ are suitable for this purpose. Since the glass itself has a sufficiently low melting point so that a certain amount of "welding" occurs, which is essential for proper braking, the binder itself no longer needs this phenomenon be tailored and should preferably comprise a relatively dust-free type ₃ v / which is also not subject to serious particle erosion =

Glass fibers öestehenj as described above from Glasverbindungea are relatively hard with respect to an existing steel drum brake, can be provided advantageously used than the density of parsers are remains uniform to non-uniform erosion or ₀ eliciting of grooves au prevent . Because of its strength and its inherent properties with regard to its hardness, glass is particularly suitable for such a puncture; Farther

009S4? / 1313

BATH ORIGINAL

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is due to the great difference in hardness and the melting points of manufacturable or commercially available Fiberglass compounds a wide range of brake materials with selected braking coefficients and fading properties te η available, especially with regard to the wide range of options for arranging the fibers within the Coating and the density of these fibers due to the present Invention is made possible.

Of course, there are others within the scope of the present Embodiments of the invention and modifications ■ possible.

.00984771323

Claims (1)

A 38 184 m May 12, 1970 Claims !. Friction brake, in particular drum or disc brake with an optionally actuatable brake part,
which enters into a brake connection with a relatively movable machine part, characterized in that the contacting braking surfaces of the brake part and the movable part are cut by a number of glass fiber ends arranged in the brake lining and extending in one direction. 2. Friction drum brake according to claim 1, characterized in that that the brake shoe is a number of glass fibers with the curved braking surface intersecting ends having. 3. Friction drum brake according to claim 2, characterized in that the glass fibers in the brake lining substantially are arranged to run in such a direction that they the curved Brerasoberflache the covering cut. 4 »Frictional flow slurry according to claim 3}, characterized in that the cutting direction of the glass fibers penetrating the surface of the area is essentially in one direction
perpendicular to a tangent plane. 009847/1323 A 38 184 m
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May 12, 1970 5. Friction brake according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 »characterized in that the Paserrichtung the Braking surface interspersed with an angle which extends between a perpendicular to a tangent plane Angle and an angle running parallel to the tangential plane, measured against the direction of rotation of the movable machine part, preferably the drum (14) of the drum brake and seen from the vertical to the tangent plane. 6. Friction brake according to one or more of claims 1 up to 5 »with a disc as a movable machine part, ■ characterized in that the disc brake lining of the movable brake part has a number of glass fibers, the fiber ends of which the braking surface of the disc brake enforce covering. 7. Covering material for friction brakes according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that da3 in the A number of covering material connected by a binding agent Glass fibers are provided and that the slas fibers extend in a direction at an angle to the braking surface of the Covering extend. 8. Covering material according to claim 7, characterized in that da3 the glass fibers in the binder are arranged relative to the braking surface so that a substantial number of Fiber ends occurs in the braking surface. 9. Covering material according to claim 7 and / or S, characterized in that the glass fiber provided in the covering material η in the form of a mat or in. superimposed 009847/1323 BATH ORIGINAL A 38 184 ra 12.5 * 1970 '18 - - 9- or stacked porms are arranged ₉ which have a number of broken ends intersecting the braking surface » 10o Belagiaaterial according to any one of claims 7 "to _S 9 ₉ characterized one liehrzahl are disposed of glass fibers in the binder in Vt'indungen, spiral shapes eggs Hollen" which intersect the braking surface in a- ¥ ^ ,, inkel 11 «covering material according to claim 10, characterized in that that when in turns in the binder extending Glass fibers parallel to the direction of Eaupterstreekungsrichtung of the pasers running surfaces braking surfaces with a number of fiber ends or »in the braking surface represent appearing fiber turns » lifo Eiilagmaterial according to claim 10 and / cder 11, gekemizeichnet characterized in that the substantially vertically disposed to the main extension direction of the preferably tr. Vfirüingen or grinding parsers are extending braking surfaces a considerable number of! fiber ends have ₀ 13o Process for the production of Brensceläger ", in which a number of glass fibers extend in an angle to a braking surface ₉ according to one or more of the claims 7 to 12 _S characterized by 5", that a body having an elongated extension a solid binder and made of glass fibers, the main extent of which = 4 7/1323 BATH ORIGINAL A 38 184 m a - f1 i $ May 12, 1970 - / T- direction runs in the direction of the elongated stretching of the body, is produced that the elongated Body in blocks rait in. At an angle to the main axis running surfaces is cut, that the blocks with the cut surfaces in a common Direction to be lined up and connected, preferably by coating with a top layer, whereby the braking surface thus formed is cut from a number of fiber ends. - '' ™ 098-47 / 13.23 BATH ORIGINAL to Blank page