DE2020810A1 - Process for compacting and drying whole wood and equipment for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys

ZELLENTiN _u , LUYKEN

8OiO Munich 22
Zweifarückenstr. $

1. Institut chimii drevesiny April 28, 1970 Akademii nauk Latvijskoj SSR, ρ «ο

Riga / USSR

2. DereyoobrabatyvajusTSij
combined N 13,

. Lyubercy / USSR

PROCESS FOR COMPACTION AND DRYING OF ALL WOOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION DBS PROCEDURE

The invention relates to methods of compaction and Drying of whole wood in particular processes in which the compaction and drying by treatment with ammonia and done by pressing.

It is known that for drying and compacting the wood intended for the production of various types of products, treatment of the same with ammonia under normal conditions or at higher temperatures up to ⁰ 009886/1949

and provided under a pressure in the ammonia medium up to 78 atmospheres is then compacted by scuffing.

Until now, such treatment of whole wood has been carried out in two stages: first, the wood has been under treated with ammonia according to the above-mentioned ratios and then, after the treatment has ended, with ammonia and after the non-bound ammonia has evaporated the wood was subjected to pressing.

In order to carry out the procedure in this ax, haupi mainly equipment used for chemical treatment of the

Wood is intended, used as well as various drying chambers and hydraulic before milling or rolling mills; one each group of this upgrade is to carry out the appropriate one Wood processing stage provided.

In the known method for processing whole wood was not always a uniformity; wood compaction Is it necessary to have a Holsdiahtβ of

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1200 kp / sr to be produced or workpieces have been machined, the stoke of which is greater than 40 ea, m ”have a much greater density than the inner layer. With some £ & U <efn ₉ w®xm the work piece thickness is large, the density of the innaasehiohten is little increased after the pressing - in comparison with the natural olehte ropes / Such an increase in density is effective

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has a very negative effect on the strength of the workpiece.

The object of the invention is to secure the Uniformity of compaction in all cases mentioned above and in the development of a simplified technology the production of compacted HoIa in compliance with a complete automation of the process as well as in the development of a facility at which the Combined wood treatment, through ammonia and through compulsory compaction in a single unit is guaranteed.

The object was achieved in that when compacting and drying whole wood by treatment with ammonia under pressure and by compulsory compaction, according to the invention the compaction during the course of the whole wood treatment with ammonia: takes place, whereby to intensify the wood drainage during the compression process becomes the gaseous medium in which the processed wood

η is subject to forced circulation. Such a procedure for processing whole wood, it allows not only the uniformity of the wood compression in all cases achieve, but also shows after the tests carried out the advantage, which consists in the fact that the pre-drying of the wood as an independent workflow is not required and that fresh wood with the same success can be used. In addition, the technology of the

Wood treatment by the method according to the invention is essential simplified.

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According to the invention, the device for carrying out the method; n compaction and drying of whole wood in coincident end en treatments by ammonia both Unler higher temperatures than AUOH under pressure an airtight heated Kremier represents the Preßtiscn is arranged in the interior of which, on which the processed wood is laid in the chamber walls but a vertically upright power cylinder are at least "built whose seated within the chamber free end uie press plate Trä ^ t, also are nocxx means connected to the means fionrleitung to Auimoniakzuführung under pressure and dda fan for carrying out the Forced start-up of the gaseous medium provided within the Kauumer.The treatment that coincides with each other can be carried out on such a device, and work conditions are also facilitated here, since the penetration of ammonia into the ambient air is prevented.

In the following, the invention will be explained with reference to the description an embodiment and a drawing explained in more detail.

In the drawing is the device for implementation of the method according to the invention shown schematically.

The device for the combined treatment of wood with ammonia and through compulsory compression in a single one Atgi'egat contains the airtight chamber 1 », in whose

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inside the press table. 2 is arranged; » the ζ over easier Loading and unloading of the processed wood is mounted on the carriage 3. The carriage 2 is in the chamber 1 on the Guides 4 and is guided into the chamber 1 through the end wall opening provided in the latter, which by means of removable end cover 5 is to be completed. Inside the chamber 1 are also the air heaters 6 for heating of the interior arranged. Above in the walls of the Kam- { mer 1 the hydraulic cylinders 7 mounted vertically, the free bathing of the rods 8 sit inside the chamber and the press plates 9 carry. The hydraulic cylinders 7 are operated by the hydraulic power unit 10. The ammonia is fed into the interior of the chamber .1 from the container 11 through the pipeline 12. The drilling line 15 serves, if necessary, for the supply of direct steam * The pipe 14 is used for pressure relief of the interior of chamber 1, the pipeline 15 for discharging the condensate from chamber 1. The suction of the medium * "whether the" Chamber 1 takes place duroji the vacuum pump 16. The valve nt or 17 secures the circulation of the jangle of the gaa-shaped medium * ix distant, the Eammar 1. To ensure a safe · Combat drives β is anti-collateral! 18 planned Before the start of operation, the end cover 5 is opened

and into the interior of the chamber l · the carriage 3 is driven,

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On the table 2 of which the workpieces 19 are stacked, which are separated from one another by intermediate layers 20 made of material that is difficult to form. The wood intended for treatment can be of any type, including softwood, and can have any degree of moisture. The cautery 1 is then tightly sealed by the cover 5, the valve 21 is opened and the vacuum pump 16 is switched on to generate the required pressure in the interior of the chamber 1, and after this has been achieved, the valve 21 is closed and the valve 22 on the pipe 12 is opened in order to feed the gaseous ammonia to the interior of the Kapa & tr 1 until the chamber <in Annoniakgaedxuolc of q <pu 2 attt arises. The pressure is regulated by means of a pressure reducing valve 25. At the same time, the valve 24- is opened and thus steam is supplied to the air heaters 6, which increase the temperature in the interior of the chamber 1 to 13K) ⁰ C depending on the conditions required by the drying process. The condensate is discharged from the air heaters through the pipe 25.

■ After chamber 1 is filled with ammonia, Valve 21 blocked, the fan 17 switched on and the wood drying started «, Simultaneously with the on ·» · * switching of the fan 17, the hydraulic Aatriebawerk is also inbetriebgeeetst; since the hydraulic cylinders 7 is actuated and thus the wood digestion takes place

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ge ^ einsaui with the treatment of the wood with ammonia. Depending on the required density of the processed wood, the specific pressure of the inevitable compression can be kept in the range from 0.1 to 12 kp / cm. The condensate and the moisture that precipitate during the drying process are diverted through the pipeline 15 as required. For this purpose, the valve 26 is opened from time to time. If necessary, in order to maintain the drying process, direct steam is supplied to chamber 1 through the pipeline IJ by opening valve 27.The course of the joint treatment with ammonia and compulsory compression lasts up to 200 hours, depending on the size of the wooden workpieces and their initial moisture . After the required time has elapsed, the heating of the chamber 1 is switched off, the valve 16, 21 is opened and the gaseous medium is removed from the chamber 1 by switching on the vacuum pump 16. After the gaseous medium has been removed, the vacuum pump 16 is switched off, the valve 21 is blocked and the pipeline 14 is opened by the valve 28. After cooling Iu: .- invic ^ "a ^., The apparatus and accommodated here timber to ambient air temperature, the fan 17 is turned on. ,

The hydraulic cylinders 7 actuated by the hydraulic drive mechanism 10 complete the decline, the pressure plates 9 thus assume the upper edge position, and the pressure is relieved from the wood. Then does the unloading take place? ^{1 of} the treated wood. For this purpose, the end cover 5 is opened and the

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Trolley *> moved to the outside together with the treated wood.

In the following, the working example as already described above can be repeated.

As a result of such treatment, wood whose density is 1,550 kgf / nr can be obtained. Included shows the wood in practice even at a density of 900 ... 1200 kp / cur both on the upper and on the inner Lay up the same density. In the following, we present exemplary embodiments of the method using an inventive method Annex for carrying out the procedure.

Example 1.

Workpieces of a size 370x90x4-5 mm made of fresh birch wood are stacked in the chamber 1 of the device described above, as was already indicated. Then a vacuum of up to 0.8 kp / om is generated in chamber 1 according to the vacuum gauge, after which the gaseous ammonia is fed to the interior of chamber 1 under a pressure of up to 1.0 atm, then we turn on the heating and the fan and undercut the workpieces are pressed with a specific pressure of 0.2 kp / cm ² , this pressure being cooled down until the progression sehde β., The temperature in the chamber is gradually increased to 118 ° + 2 ° C and the wood is painted for hours . After the chamber with the workpieces treated here has cooled down, a piece of wood is obtained here,

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its uniform density is 700 to 800 kp / cnr with a ρ to 5% moisture.

In this and in all of the following examples, the ammonia and the water vapors it contains are used during the course of treatment a forced circulation by means of Subject to fan 17, which is switched on at the same time as the ammonia supply at the beginning of the heating. Of the specified pressure on the workpieces wfcrd up to bath des Complied with the course of treatment. In all of the examples, the cooling of the chamber is also carried out on the treated workpieces, preferably up to the temperature of the ambient

Example 2 »

Workpieces with a size of 460x70x50 mm made of fresh birch wood are stacked in chamber 1 and then as already mentioned above »a negative pressure in the. Chamber generated · Gaseous ammonia is then fed into the interior of chamber 1 at a pressure of up to 1.5 atmospheres. The workpieces are then subjected to a gradually increasing specific pressure of up to 1.2 kp / om ^2. The temperature in chamber 1 is gradually raised to 116 + 2 ⁰ C and the wood is kept for 60 hours

We receive machined workpieces whose density is 900 to 1050 kp / m ⁵ and where the moisture? to amounts to.

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Example 3 »

Workpieces with a size of 300x100x80 mm made of birch wood », the average humidity of which is 70%, are stored in the. Chamber 1 is stacked and here, as mentioned above, a negative pressure is generated. Thereafter, gaseous ammonia is fed into chamber 1 until a pressure of 1.2 atmospheres is created inside the chamber. Then the workpieces are • subjected to a specific pressure of 5 kp / cm with a uniform pressure increase. The 'temperature is gradually raised to 118 ° ₊ 2 ⁰ C and the wood for 70 hours endured in the chamber. We get machined bars with a uniform thickness of 1000 to 1200 Ιφ / ffl ³ , where the humidity is 3 to 5%

Example 4 »

Workpieces with a size of 1200x60x80 mm made of fresh birch wood are stacked in chamber 1 and a negative pressure is created here, as indicated above. Thereafter, the chamber 1 is as long as gaseous "ammonia supplied to the interior of the chamber, a pressure · disfigured atm of 2 Then, the workpieces of a pressing with gradually to 7 kgf / cm ² increasing · are" specific * Pressure subjected · "The lemperatur in dor The chamber is gradually increased to 118 ° _± 2 ° and then kept in the chamber for 120 hours. *

We receive treated «workpieces, their density

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-.11 -

1150 to 1 ^ 00 kp / m ⁵ .
Example 5.

Workpieces of a size of 500x100x100 mm made of fresh birch wood are stacked in chamber 1 and here, as indicated above, a negative pressure is generated. Thereafter Gaseous ammonia is fed to the chamber 1 until a pressure of 0.5 atmospheres is created inside the chamber 1. Then the workpieces are pressed with gradually up

Subject to 10 kp / cnr increasing specific pressure. The temperature in chamber 1 is gradually increased to 8 ° + 2 ° C and the wood is kept for 70 hours. We get machined workpieces with a density of 12 £ 0 to 1350 kp / ffl ⁵ , where the humidity is 3 to 5%.

Example 6,

Workpieces of the size 225x75x70 ma made of fresh aspen wood are stacked in chamber 1 as indicated above. We - "ehalten the fan 17 to increase the temperature in the chamber 1 ° to 118 ° + ^ 2 ⁰ C and 14 to 15 hours are long endured a workpieces. After this period, the moisture of the workpieces drops by up to 30%. If pre-dried wood is used, the above-mentioned treatment steps are not necessary. Thereafter, the temperature is lowered and inside the chamber to 60 £ 5 ⁰ C "starting with the supply of gaseous ammonia ui | d further Amor-

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continues until a pressure of 0.2 atm is created inside the chamber, 2 to 3 hours after the ammonia feed

the "packers" subjected to a specific pressure of 7 kp / cia. The temperature is gradually increased to 118 ^O f2 ° C and the workpieces are held for 25 hours.

We receive workpieces with a density of 1000 to 1100 kp / m ^ where the humidity is 3 to 5%.

Various can be used in the method according to the invention Modifications, improvements and additions are entered, depending on both the type, size and humidity of the the wood to be treated as well as the drying agent.

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Claims (2)

April 28, 2 <fP20810 P 28 604/2 PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Method of compacting and drying by treating with ammonia at higher temperatures below Pressure and by inevitable compression, thereby indicated that the compression in the course of the wood treatment is carried out with ammonia, the gaseous medium in which the processed wood is subjected to forced circulation, 2. Device for performing the method for compacting and drying wood according to claim!, Characterized characterized in that it represents an airtight heated chamber (1) in the interior thereof the press table (2) is arranged on which the processed wood is laid, but at least one in the chamber walls vertical power cylinder (7) is installed, the free bath of which sits inside the chamber, the press plate (9) and one more connected to the facility Pipeline for ammonia supply under Druok and the fan (17) for performing the forced circulation of the gaseous Medium within the chamber are provided » 009886/1949 BATH ORIGINAL Blank page