DE2020763C3 - Kiln for the incineration of waste, in particular of plastic - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a kiln for the incineration of waste, in particular such made of plastic, with a primary combustion chamber, a device for supplying air into the Primary burns and to initiate the Primary combustion, a secondary combustion chamber, which is connected to and thermally isolated from the primary combustion chamber, and one which Secondary combustion initiating device.

In a known kiln of this type (US-PS 32 74 960) the bottom of the primary combustion chamber formed by a grate on which the material to be burned rests, with the combustion air is fed in from below through the openings in the grate. However, this construction leads to the Burning plastic materials cause difficulties because the rust quickly becomes operational loses. This is because the grate perforations through which the air is supplied are clogged. This clogging also leads to the grate being destroyed because it is then no longer cooled.

Other difficulties are related to the high soot content of the exhaust gases from the burned plastics together. This soot content is the result of incomplete combustion. He leads to stronger Pollution of the atmosphere and is a significant in the vicinity of such a kiln > Annoyance. The incomplete combustion is due to a lack of combustion air that is in is fed relatively poorly controllable manner through the openings of the grate. In this regard brings a Weilerer known kiln (US-PS 9 63 4 JO) a certain improvement with separate Lines for the air supply is provided, to which control organs are assigned. But here too the Air is supplied through the openings of a grate, which occurs during the incineration of plastic waste the problems already mentioned arise anyway.

To increase the service life of the grate, it is also known (US-PS 20 70 520) these from heat-resistant Manufacture ceramic material.

The invention is based on the object to provide a kiln for the combustion of Waste containing plastic and other organic materials with similar incineration properties is suitable and a controlled supply of primary combustion air into the primary combustion chamber permitted.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the lowermost section of the sciten walls Primary combustion chamber is made of refractory ceramic material and several downward sloping Has lines for a separate supply of air into the primary combustion chamber.

The formation of the lowest section of the Seitenwändc the primary combustion channel made of fireproof material allows high surface temperatures. Due to these high surface temperatures, the waste material to be incinerated is quickly heated, and complete combustion is achieved. This point is of great importance, though Waste products are processed that contain plastics.

Due to the downward sloping lines in the lowest section of the side walls of the primary combustion chamber the combustion air can be supplied in such a way that in the primary combustion chamber a turbulent flow is generated and consequently an optimal combustion is ensured is. Fei ner is ensured by the introduction of the combustion air through such lines that the Side walls cooled and excessive heating of the side walls is avoided. Due to the The fact that the combustion air is supplied as a turbulent flow is an intimate mixture the combustion air and the gases formed when plastic is burned.

A preferred embodiment of the according to the invention Kiln has a device for controlling the amount of air that the primary combustion chamber is fed. This device is activated by the generation of heat and consequently by the temperature in controlled by the secondary combustion chamber. This can be achieved, for example, by adding to the Secondary combustion chamber a thermocouple is arranged, which is connected to a regulator which can be set to the maximum temperature that is permissible in the secondary combustion chamber. The combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber can, however, also depend on the the temperature prevailing in the primary combustion chamber can be controlled.

Finally, the combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber can also be passed through a soot sensor the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is arranged.

In the drawing is an embodiment of the Invention illustrated, which is explained in more detail below

will. It shows

F i g. 1 shows a vertical section through the primary combustion chamber an embodiment of the furnace according to the invention,

F i g. 2 shows a section at line 11-11 of FIG. 1,

F i g. 3 shows a vertical section through the secondary combustion chamber one embodiment and

F i g. 4 shows a vertical section through the secondary combustion chamber a further execution form

F i g. 1 um! 2 show primary combustion chambers 1, the side walls of which form inclined guide surfaces 19 made of refractory ceramic material. To lines 20 pointing downwards in the partition walls serve for the introduction of the primary combustion air. The furnace according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferred via a channel 4, 5 with a secondary combustion chamber according to FIG. 4 connected.

F i g. J shows a secondary combustion chamber with central air supply pipe IJ. This is at his The lower end is closed and has horizontal rows of perforations 14. The distance between the rows is smaller in the area of reduced diameter at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 6 than at its main section The air supply pipe IΪ thus enables different amounts of air to be supplied to the various sections of the secondary combustion chamber 6th

F i g. 4 shows a secondary combustion chamber made up of two cylindrical and mutually concentric Tubes 15 and 16, of which the inner tube 16

ίο The space between is made of stainless steel The two tubes are formed by an air supply chamber 17, to which air is supplied via a tube 18. The inner Tube 16 is provided with horizontal rows of perforations 14 through which air into the secondary combustion chamber is introduced. At the transition of the channel 4, 5 to the secondary combustion chamber is a oil burner 7 provided. In all of these kilns, an oil burner not shown in the figures is in the Side wall of the primary combustion chamber

orderly. This oil burner is used for the combustion initiate in the primary combustion chamber.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Kiln for the incineration of waste, especially those made of plastic, with a Primary combustion chamber, a device for supplying air into the primary combustion chamber and for initiating primary combustion, a secondary combustion chamber connected to the primary combustion chamber connected and thermally insulated from this, and one the secondary combustion introductory device, characterized in that the lowermost section the side walls of the primary combustion chamber (1) are made of refractory ceramic material and several downwardly inclined lines (20) for a separate supply of air into the primary combustion chamber (I) shows 2. Kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that that a device for controlling the amount of air supplied to the primary combustion chamber (I) depending on the heat generated in the secondary combustion chamber (6) is. 1. Kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that a device for controlling the air supply into the primary combustion chamber (1) is provided as a function of the I strand generated in the primary combustion chamber. 4. Kiln according to claim I, characterized in that a device for controlling the JO Air supply into the primary combustion chamber (l) depending on the soot content of the secondary combustion chamber (6) exiting exhaust is provided.