DE202023103381U1 - Solar heater - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar heater (1) for heating air, comprising
- a housing (3) which comprises a plurality of wall sections which enclose an interior (5), the housing (3) having at least one transparent wall section (30),
- an air inlet opening (50) for supplying air to be heated into the interior (5),
- an air outlet opening (59) for discharging heated air from the interior (5),
- a fan (9) which is designed and set up to convey the air from the air inlet opening (50) through the interior (5) to the air outlet opening (59), and
- a solar absorber (7) arranged in the interior (5) between the air inlet opening (50) and the air outlet opening (59), the solar absorber (7) comprising or consisting of a profile body (70), the profile body (70) being one of the Has a front side (71) facing the transparent wall section (30) and a back side (73) facing away from it, the profile body (70) being able to flow around or around the air on both sides.

Description

The invention relates to a solar heater for heating air. The solar heater can be connected to a building, a mobile home or a caravan, for example.

There is a desire to heat rooms as cost-effectively and resource-savingly as possible, for example to keep them frost-free. In particular, there is a desire to increase the interior temperature of rooms in the winter or spring and autumn months with the lowest possible energy consumption. Additionally or alternatively, there is a desire for heaters that are suitable for heating rooms and the air they contain without using fuel. Avoiding fuel to run a heater can have ecological reasons, such as avoiding nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. The avoidance of fuels may also have logistical reasons, for example because stockpiling or transporting the fuels to remote locations is undesirable. A heater with as little or ideally no energy requirement as possible, including a requirement for electrical energy from an external power supply, may be desirable for cost reasons or because there is no supply infrastructure in a room to be heated.

It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide a heater for heating air that works independently, mobile and cost-efficiently without consuming fuel or external supply electricity.

This task is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. Accordingly, a solar heater is provided for heating air. The solar heater includes a housing that includes multiple wall sections that enclose an interior space. The housing has at least one transparent wall section. The term “transparent” in the sense of the application can generally be understood as translucent and can in particular also refer to those wall sections that are translucent in the narrower sense. Transparent means in particular a complete or at least partial permeability to electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and/or ultraviolet spectrum. In particular, transparent refers to at least partial transmittance in the range between 300 nm and 250 nm. Preferably, transparent refers to at least partial transmittance in the range between 380 nm and 780 nm wavelength. Additionally or alternatively, transparent refers to at least partial transmittance in the range between 250 nm and 380 nm wavelength. Additionally or alternatively, transparent refers to at least partial transmittance in the range between 780 nm and 1 mm wavelength. The solar heater further includes an air inlet opening for supplying air to be heated into the interior space and an air outlet opening for discharging heated air from the interior space, as well as a fan designed and configured to convey the air from the air inlet opening through the interior space to the air outlet opening. In particular, the housing is essentially airtight, of course with the exception of the intended openings, in particular the air inlet opening and the air outlet opening. The housing can in particular be composed of the transparent wall section and further, in particular non-transparent, wall sections, which together, for example, form a trough in which the solar absorber described below can be accommodated. The housing is preferably thermally insulated.

The solar heater according to the invention comprises a solar absorber. The solar absorber is preferably designed and set up to convert radiant energy from the sun into thermal energy and to release this thermal energy into the air in the area surrounding the solar absorber. The solar absorber includes or consists of a profile body.

The solar absorber is arranged in the interior, between the air inlet opening and the air outlet opening. Preferably, the solar absorber is arranged behind the at least one transparent wall section with regard to the incident light. The profile body has a front facing the transparent wall section and a rear facing away from it. Air can flow around or flow around the profile body on both sides. In particular, the fan can be designed and set up to cause the air flow around the profile body. Preferably, the fan is designed and set up to control and/or regulate the air flow around the profile body. By means of the at least one fan, the air flow can be controlled and/or regulated, for example in relation to a volume flow.

With such a solar heater, heating of the air, which is conveyed from the air inlet opening through the interior to the air outlet opening, by at least 5 ° C, in particular at least 10 ° C, preferably at least 15 ° C, more preferably at least 20 ° C, is particularly preferred at least 25 °C, achievable. Heating of the air by 10°C or more can occur even when outside temperatures are below freezing temperature can be reached. The solar heater only requires solar energy and does not require any fuel. In particular, the solar heater is free of heat sources powered by fuel such as oil or gas. The solar heater preferably does not include incandescent filaments, electric surface heaters and/or the like. The solar heater is preferably free of electrically operated heating devices.

A profile body can generally have a main direction of extension with a constant or essentially constant cross-section. A profile body can be realized, for example, as a corrugated sheet. The profile body can be larger in its main extension direction (longitudinal direction) than in a first transverse direction (width direction) perpendicular to the main extension direction and in a second transverse direction (thickness direction) perpendicular to the main extension direction and perpendicular to the first transverse direction. In addition, the profile body can be at least as large in the first transverse direction as or larger than in the second transverse direction, in particular at least 10x as large, preferably at least 100x as large. For example, the profile body can have a length (in the longitudinal direction) in the range from 10 cm to 10 m, in particular in the range from 50 cm to 5 m, preferably in the range from 1 m to 2 m. Additionally or alternatively, the profile body can have a width (in the width direction) of at least 10 cm or at least 20 cm, in particular at least 30 cm or at least 50 cm, preferably at least 100 cm. Further alternatively or additionally, the profile body can have a width of not more than 2 m or not more than 1.75 m, in particular not more than 1.5 m, preferably not more than 1 m. The profile body preferably has a thickness (in the thickness direction) of not more than 1 cm, in particular not more than 5 mm, preferably not more than 2 mm, particularly preferably not more than 1 mm.

Optionally, a flap can be provided to separate a zone on the front of the profile body and/or, preferably, a zone on the back of the profile body from an air flow between the air inlet opening and the air outlet opening, in particular so that an air flow can only flow through the other zone . It may be desirable for air flow to be avoided at least temporarily in one or both zones, for example when the air within the solar heater has a lower temperature at night than the air to be heated.

According to a preferred embodiment of a solar heater, the housing comprises at least two or exactly two housing parts, i.e. at least a first housing part and a second housing part. The housing parts are designed and set up to enclose the interior together. Preferably, both the first housing part and the second housing part each at least partially comprise the transparent wall section. Each housing part can in particular be composed of the transparent wall section part and further, in particular non-transparent, wall section parts, which, for example, form a respective trough part and/or together a trough in which the solar absorber can be accommodated or accommodated.

In a further development of a solar heater with two housing parts, the housing has an operating state in which the housing parts enclose the interior together, and a different transport state. In particular, in the transport state, a closed flow path for the air to be heated from the air inlet opening to the air outlet opening is interrupted along the solar absorber.

According to a further development, the housing parts are arranged next to one another in the operating state in a first direction, in particular a longitudinal direction, and the housing parts in the transport state are arranged next to one another in a second direction, in particular a transverse direction (thickness direction). In particular, the solar heater can be essentially cuboid in the operating state and/or in the transport state. In the operating state, the solar heater has a first length, a first width and a first thickness and in the transport state it has a second length, a second width and a second thickness. Preferably, the second length is about half the first length, the second thickness is about twice the first thickness, and the first width is equal to the second width. For example, the first and/or second width can be approximately 600 mm. The first length can be 1100 mm. The second length can be 550 mm. The first thickness can be about 5 cm to 20 cm, preferably about 10 cm. In a further development of a solar heater, the first housing part in the transport state is in a, preferably essentially congruent, surface contact with the second housing part, in particular along the divided transparent wall section. In the transport state, the solar heater can be stowed or stowed in a suitcase-like container.

In a preferred embodiment of a solar heater, the housing parts are movably attached to one another. Preferably, the first housing part is pivotally secured to the second housing part by means of a joint. The joint can define a pivot axis transverse to the longitudinal direction about which the second housing part is relative to the first housing part is pivotable. In particular, the joint is arranged on a front side of the housing. Preferably, the transparent wall section is also arranged on the front of the housing. Alternatively or additionally, at least one locking device, such as a tension lock, for fixing the first housing part relative to the second housing part, in particular in the operating state, is arranged on a rear side of the housing opposite the front side of the housing.

In a further development, a solar heater in the operating state has at least one sealing element, in particular completely surrounding the interior, which is arranged in the contact area between the first housing part and the second housing part.

In one embodiment of a solar heater, the air inlet opening is assigned to the first, in particular lower, housing part, in particular arranged thereon. Alternatively or additionally, the air outlet opening is assigned to the second, in particular upper, housing part, in particular arranged thereon. Preferably, the air inlet opening and/or the air outlet opening is arranged on a rear side of the housing opposite the transparent wall section.

According to a preferred embodiment of a solar heater with a first and a second housing part, the solar absorber is also designed in several parts. At least a first part of the solar absorber, in particular a first profile body, is assigned to the first housing part, preferably arranged or can be arranged within the first housing part. In addition, a second part of the solar absorber, in particular a second profile body, is assigned to the second housing part, preferably arranged or can be arranged within the second housing part. Different solar absorber parts can be arranged in different housing parts in the operating state and/or in the transport state. It may be preferred that the first part of the solar absorber within the first housing part is aligned with the second part of the solar absorber within the second housing part in the operating state, the parts of the solar absorber preferably forming channels together.

According to a preferred embodiment of a solar heater, which can be combined with the previous ones, the solar heater further comprises at least one, in particular closable, fresh air supply for an inflow of air from the environment of the solar heater, preferably from an outside space outside a building or vehicle, into the interior.

According to a further development, the fresh air supply comprises a cover which has an open position and a closed position, wherein the cover in the open position exposes at least one fresh air opening, in particular at least partially or completely. Alternatively or additionally, the cover covers the at least one fresh air opening in the closed position. In particular, the cover closes the at least one fresh air opening in the closed position, preferably in a sealing manner. Preferably, the cover is fixed to the housing in a movable, in particular rotatable, manner relative to the fresh air opening.

In a further development of a solar heater, the fresh air supply is adjustable, in particular continuously, between a maximum open position and the closed position. In the maximum opening position, the cover completely exposes the fresh air opening, i.e. to the greatest extent possible due to the design. It may be preferred that the housing has several fresh air supplies that can be adjusted individually or in combination with one another. It may be preferred that a fresh air supply is arranged on a side surface of the housing. Optionally, a first fresh air supply can be arranged on a first housing side surface and a second fresh air supply on a second housing side surface, the second housing side surface preferably being arranged opposite the first housing side surface.

The fresh air supply is preferably arranged on the same housing part as the air inlet opening. In particular, the fresh air supply is arranged on a first and/or lower housing part in an operating position of the solar heater.

In a preferred embodiment of a solar heater, which can be combined with the previous ones, the profile body has a wavy or zigzag-shaped cross section. Optionally, the cross section of the profile body can be composed of trapezoidal (wave) crest and valley sections. In particular, the wave-shaped profile body can have a sinusoidal, regular shape. A profile body with a zigzag-shaped cross section can be formed in a triangular shape, in particular with legs of the same inclination and/or length. The profile body preferably has several repetitions of the, in particular wavy or zigzag-shaped, cross-sectional profile in the width direction. The profile height in the thickness direction of the housing can be less than or equal to the pitch of the cross-sectional profile. It may be preferred that the profile pitch is 1x to 3x, preferably 1.5x to 2x, as large as the profile height.

According to one embodiment of a solar heater, which can be combined with the previous ones, the profile body has a surface coating and/or surface treatment at least on its front side. Preferably, the surface coating and/or surface processing is designed and set up to increase the absorption of sunlight by the solar absorber. Preferably, the surface coating and/or surface processing includes matting and/or painting.

In some embodiments of the solar heater, the profile body is formed by a sheet, in particular exactly one sheet, which completely or predominantly fills the interior in at least one longitudinal and/or transverse direction parallel to the transparent wall section. In the case of a solar heater with several housing parts, it may be preferred that the number of sheets forming the profile body corresponds to the number of housing parts. The housing or the housing parts can form a trough into which the sheet or sheets are inserted.

In one embodiment of a solar heater, the housing comprises a frame body which is designed and arranged to accommodate the transparent wall section and to enclose the interior space together with the transparent wall section. The housing can preferably be formed, in particular consist, of the transparent wall section and the frame body. In particular, the frame body forms a plurality of wall sections of the housing, which, together with the at least one transparent wall section, completely enclose the interior space. It may be preferred that the housing consists of the at least one transparent wall section and the plurality of, in particular non-transparent, wall sections which form the frame body form.

Optionally, the frame body comprises a receptacle into which the transparent wall section, in particular a preferably solid glass pane or a transparent, preferably solid, plastic pane, such as a pane made of polycarbonate or poly(meth)acrylate, is inserted or can be inserted. The transparent wall section can preferably be an acrylic glass pane. It may be preferred that at least one sealant, such as a sealing tape, is arranged in the receptacle between the frame body and the transparent wall section. Additionally or alternatively, the transparent wall section can be fastened in the receptacle by at least one or more fastening means, such as screws.

According to a preferred development, the receptacle includes or consists of a receiving groove. The transparent wall section can be inserted into the receiving groove, preferably in a translational and/or complementary shape.

In some embodiments of a solar heater, the frame body is preferably made of sheet metal, in particular sheet aluminum or sheet steel. Preferably exactly one or at least one sheet is deformed to form the frame body. The sheet metal may be cut, bent and welded to form the frame body.

Alternatively, the solar heater can be equipped with a frame body, which is formed, in particular completely or at least in sections, as a double-walled hollow body, in particular by blow molding or rotation molding.

The frame body can be in one piece. It may be preferred that the housing has a number of, in particular exactly two, frame bodies, which corresponds to the number of housing parts and, if applicable, profile body parts, whereby each frame body can be formed in one piece, in particular from a sheet metal or by blow molding or rotation molding.

In some embodiments, the solar heater preferably comprises a photovoltaic module for powering the fan in particular. Preferably, the photovoltaic module is mechanically detachable, connected or connectable to the housing, in particular without tools. Preferably, the fan is electrically operated and is electrically connected or connectable to a photovoltaic module for power supply.

In particular, the housing has a holder, in particular a holding rail or holding clip, for fastening the photovoltaic module, in particular in a way that can be detached without tools. The photovoltaic module can be arranged or can be arranged in particular on an upper side of the housing outside the interior.

In an embodiment of a solar heater that can be combined with the previous ones, the fan is assigned to the air inlet opening or, preferably, the air outlet opening, in particular arranged thereon. It is conceivable that the solar heater has a plurality of fans, with a first fan being arranged at the air outlet opening and a second fan being arranged at the air inlet opening.

According to another embodiment of a solar heater, which can be combined with the previous ones, the transparent wall section and/or the The entire solar heater can be aligned or aligned with an inclination towards the vertical direction. For example, the inclination, particularly in the operating state, is at least 10°, in particular at least 20°, preferably approximately 30°.

Optionally, the solar heater also includes at least one stand for self-supporting installation of the solar heater. The base can be adjustable, in particular in terms of its length and/or its angle of inclination. The base is preferably adjustable in order to selectively adjust the inclination of the solar heater. Alternatively or additionally, the solar heater also includes several eyelets for wall mounting.

According to an optional embodiment of a solar heater, which can be combined with the previous ones, the solar heater further comprises a plurality of air guiding elements which are arranged or can be arranged in the interior. The air guiding elements can be arranged on the front and/or the back of the profile part, in particular in the concave bays of the profile part. Preferably, the air guiding elements are shape-matched to the profile body, in particular wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped.

The invention also relates to a building with a solar heater connected to it for heating the building. The building comprises at least one room to be heated or several rooms to be heated, the room being equipped with a warm air connection coupled to the air outlet opening and a cold air connection coupled to the air inlet opening. A building is generally an at least partially enclosed space, preferably designed and furnished for the occupancy of people. For example, a building can be a tent, an igloo, a hut, a stable, a shed, a garage, an office container or a house.

In a building, the solar heater can optionally have at least one fresh air supply for an inflow of air from the environment of the solar heater, the fresh air supply connecting the interior of the solar heater, in particular directly, with an external space outside the room, in particular outside the building.

Alternatively, the invention relates to a vehicle, such as a caravan or a mobile home, with a solar heater connected to it for heating the vehicle. The solar heater preferably has at least one fresh air supply for an inflow of air from the surroundings of the solar heater. The fresh air supply preferably connects the interior of the solar heater, in particular directly, to an exterior space outside the vehicle.

• 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Solarheizers;
• 2 eine andere perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Solarheizers gemäß 1 in einer Betriebsstellung;
• 3 eine Rückansicht des Solarheizers gemäß 1;
• 4 eine erste perspektivische Darstellung eines eingeklappten Solarheizers;
• 5 eine zweite perspektivische Darstellung eines eingeklappten Solarheizers;
• 6 eine durch ein Blech gebildetes Gehäuseteil für einen Solarheizer gemäß 1;
• 7 eine erste Schnittansicht eines Solarheizers gemäß 1;
• 8 eine zweite Schnittansicht eines Solarheizers gemäß 1;
• 9 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einem Solarheizer; und
• 10 ein Temperatur/Zeit Diagramm.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the accompanying claims. Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained by way of example using schematic drawings, without thereby restricting the invention. Show it

• 1 a perspective view of a solar heater according to the invention;
• 2 another perspective view of a solar heater according to the invention 1 in an operating position;
• 3 a rear view of the solar heater according to 1 ;
• 4 a first perspective view of a folded solar heater;
• 5 a second perspective view of a folded solar heater;
• 6 a housing part formed by a sheet of metal for a solar heater 1 ;
• 7 a first sectional view of a solar heater according to 1 ;
• 8th a second sectional view of a solar heater according to 1 ;
• 9 a schematic representation of a building with a solar heater; and
• 10 a temperature/time diagram.

In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the same or similar components to simplify readability.

A solar heater according to the invention is generally given the reference number 1 below. The main components of the solar heater 1 are a housing 3, which includes an interior 5 in which a solar absorber 7 is arranged, and a fan 9 for conveying air to be heated through the solar heater 1. The 1 until 3 show different representations of a solar heater 1 in an operating position.

The solar heater 1 includes a housing 3, which essentially seals the interior space 5 provided therein in an airtight manner, so that air heated in the solar heater 1 cannot leave it unintentionally, for example due to leakage. The interior 5 is accessible through an air inlet opening 50 and through an air outlet opening 59. The blower 9 is designed and set up to blow the air out of the solar heater 1 through the air outlet opening 59. Heated air can for example, through an insulated hose from the air outlet opening 59 into a room 110 of a building 100 or a vehicle, for example a mobile home or a caravan.

Air can be sucked into the solar heater 1 through the air inlet opening 50. Preferably, the air movement through the air inlet opening 50 into the interior 5 of the solar heater 1 is also caused by the fan 9. With the help of the fan 9, the volume flow of the air flow can be controlled and/or regulated. The air inlet opening 50 can communicate fluidly with the space 110 with a second, preferably insulated, pipe.

The solar heater provides a recirculation function or circulation function through which air is sucked into the interior 5, heated in the interior 5 of the solar heater 1 and then blown out through the air outlet opening 59. When the housing 3 of the solar heater 1 is closed, the air 1 is conveyed through the solar heater 1 in a circuit.

In addition to circulating air, in some cases it may be desirable to supply fresh air in a controlled manner. For this purpose, the solar heater can be equipped with a fresh air supply 35. The fresh air supply can be realized through a fresh air opening 36 in the housing 3. Preferably, the fresh air supply 35 can be controlled and/or regulated. To control the fresh air supply 35, the fresh air opening 36 is equipped with a movable cover 37 to match the opening cross section of the fresh air opening 36.

The fresh air supply 35 can, as shown, be realized by several (here: five) fresh air openings 36 in the housing 3 and a cover 37 which is movable (here: rotatable) in order to be movable between different positions. In a closed position, the cover 37 can completely and preferably sealingly close the fresh air opening(s). In the intermediate position shown in the figures, the cover 37 partially exposes the fresh air opening(s) 36, so that fresh air from the surroundings of the solar heater 1 can flow into the interior 5 through the opened part of the fresh air opening 36. Used air can also escape from the circuit through the fresh air opening 36.

In the embodiment shown, the cover 37 is formed by a disk-shaped perforated panel which has holes whose number and size are shaped and aligned to complement the fresh air openings 36 in the housing 3. In the embodiment shown, the fresh air supply 100 can be adjusted manually. In a maximum opening state (not shown), the cover 37 completely exposes the fresh air opening 36.

The use of a fresh air supply 35 may be desirable, for example, when using the solar heater 1 to heat up buildings 100, such as workshops, office containers or tents, if there are people permanently in the room to be heated and an exchange of air is therefore desired.

The housing 3 is essentially cuboid-shaped. The housing 3 has a transparent wall section 30 on the front side of the housing. Through the transparent wall section 30, sunlight can enter the interior 5, where the solar absorber 7 is arranged.

The air inlet opening 50 and the air outlet opening 59 can preferably be arranged on the back of the housing opposite the front of the housing.

Preferably, at the front of the building, the size of the transparent wall section 30 can be maximized to receive the greatest possible amount of sunlight. The fresh air supply 35 can optionally be arranged on the back of the housing. It may be preferred that the fresh air supply 35 is provided on housing side surfaces, such as in the 1 until 5 pictured. It is also conceivable that several fresh air supplies 35 are provided, which can be individually or individually controllable.

A photovoltaic module 11 can be detachably attached to the top of the housing, for example plugged in by means of a rail guide, in order to supply the fan 9 with power. The solar heater 1 may include electrical connections from the fan 9 to the photovoltaic module 11.

The solar absorber 7 is designed to receive sunlight and convert it into heat energy. The solar absorber 7 comprises a profile body 70, around which the air can flow or flows around on both sides. The profile body 70 has a front side 71 facing the transparent wall section 30 and a back side 73 facing away from the transparent wall section 30. The air can flow in the interior 5 both along the front 71 and along the back 73 of the profile body 70.

When the solar heater 1 is arranged standing upright in an operating state, as in the 1 until 3 shown, it can be provided that the air inlet opening 50 in the vertical direction on the lower edge or below the profile body pers 70 and the outlet opening 59 is arranged on the upper edge or above the profile body 70. In the interior 5, the air to be heated flows from the air inlet opening 50 through channels, which are defined by the profile shape of the profile body 70, to the air outlet opening 59.

In order to slow down the air flow within the solar heater, an air guide element (not shown) can be arranged in the interior 5 or several guide elements. Air baffles can be formed, for example, by spiral-shaped or helical air baffles housed in bays of the body 70.

As in 2 To recognize, it can be preferred that in the operating state of the solar heater an inclination of the solar absorber 7 or the entire solar heater 1 is provided relative to the vertical direction, for example of approximately 30 °. This allows the sun to irradiate the solar absorber 7 as vertically as possible.

In order to adjust the inclination of the solar heater 1, a base 13 can be articulated on the housing 3. The base 13 can be adjustable in length and/or inclination. Additionally or alternatively, several mounting eyelets 15 can be provided on the back of the housing 3 in order to enable the solar heater 1 to be mounted firmly on the wall or roof.

The 4 and 5 show a solar heater in a partially released state, while the solar heater 1 is brought into a folded transport state between a previously shown operating state. To transport the solar heater 1, the photovoltaic module 11 can be detached from the housing 3, in particular without tools.

In order to simplify the transport of the solar heater 1, the housing 3 can be formed in several parts. Like in the 4 and 5 To see, housing 3 can have a lower, first housing part 31 and an upper, second housing part 32, which are movable relative to one another.

The mobility of the housing parts 31, 32 relative to one another can be realized by means of a joint 33. For example, as shown, the joint 33 can be arranged on a front side of the housing next to the translucent wall section 30 and define a pivot axis aligned in a width direction of the solar heater 1, about which the upper housing part 32 can be folded relative to the lower housing part 31. In a folded transport state (not shown), the second housing part 32 can lie complementary and flat against the first housing part 31. In the transport state, the solar heater 1 can be easily inserted into a box or suitcase-like container. In the transport state, the components of the solar heater 1 are preferably held firmly on the housing 3, in particular with the exception of the photovoltaic module 11.

The housing parts 31, 32 can be composed of a respective part of a transparent wall section 30 and a frame body 38. The frame body 38 can, for example, as in 6 shown, be formed in one piece from a single aluminum sheet or steel sheet. The sheet metal for the frame body 38 can be cut to size, deformed by bending, welded along its edges and formed with mounting openings as well as an opening for forming the air inlet opening 50 and/or air outlet opening 59. The first housing part 31 and the second housing part 32 can have identical or substantially identical frame bodies 38.

In the preferred embodiment shown, the frame bodies 38 differ only in that the frame body 38 for the first housing part 31 is provided with the fresh air supply to the 35 and in that on the second housing part 32 there is a holder for a stand 13 and a holder for the photovoltaic module 11 are provided.

With the help of the hinge 33, the housing parts 31 are pivotally fixed to one another. To secure the solar heater 1 in the previously mentioned 1 until 3 In the operating state described, a locking device, such as a tension lock 34 provided on the back of the housing, is provided. The lock can be easily used without tools.

To attach the transparent wall section 30, which is preferably formed by a transparent plastic plate, such as a pane made of polycarbonate or poly(meth)acrylate, such as a solid acrylic glass plate, the frame body 38 is equipped with a receptacle 39. The transparent wall section 30 can be mounted in the receptacle 39 using fasteners such as screws or rivets. Alternatively, the transparent wall portion 30 may be formed by a hollow plastic disk or other transparent body such as a glass plate. In a preferred embodiment, not shown, the receptacles 39 can be provided with a groove which is realized in a shape complementary to the edible transparent wall section 30. In the preferred embodiment shown, the receptacle 39 forms a recess in the direction of the front of the housing in which the acrylic glass plate or another transparent wall section 30 can be used.

In a foldable design of the solar heater 1, the solar absorber 7 can be implemented as a multi-part profile body 70, with a first part of the profile body 70 being arranged in the interior 5 of the first housing part 31 and a second part of the profile body 70 in the interior 5 of the second housing part 32 is arranged. As in 5 indicated, the profile body 70 can be firmly connected to the housing 3, for example by spot welding on the back of the housing.

The profile bodies 70 arranged in the interior 75 are preferably formed in one piece by profile sheets made of aluminum or steel, which extend in the width direction of the solar heater 1 over the entire extent of the translucent wall section 30. In the longitudinal direction of the solar heater 1, the solar absorber 7 extends over the entire length of the permeable wall section 30, or at least a large part of it, preferably at least 70%, in particular at least 90%.

The cross-sectional profile of the profile body can preferably be wave-shaped, trapezoidal or, as shown, zigzag-shaped. A zigzag-shaped profile body 70 can, for example, have legs of constant length and/or inclination. The use of a profile body allows the surface of the solar absorber to be maximized both for receiving solar radiation and for releasing thermal energy into the air flowing around the solar absorber 7. In order to maximize the surface available for releasing thermal energy to the surrounding air, the flow flows around both the front side 71 and the back side 73 of the solar absorber 7.

In the 7 and 8th Different sectional views through the housing 3 are shown. In the preferred embodiment shown, the individual parts of the profile body 70 are formed with the same shape and arranged in alignment with one another.

9 shows a building 100 with a solar heater 1 connected to it. The building 100 contains at least one room 110 to be heated. The room has a warm air connection 111 which is coupled to the air outlet opening 59 of the solar heater 1 in order to receive heated air from the solar heater 1. Furthermore, the room 110 has a cold air connection 119, which is coupled to the air inlet opening 50 of the solar heater.

With the help of the fan 9 of the solar heater 1, air is preferably sucked in from the floor area of the room 110 and conveyed into the interior 5 of the solar heater 1. In the interior of the solar heater 3, the air heat is absorbed by the solar absorber 7 while it flows around the solar absorber 7. The air heated by the solar absorber 7 is then led back into the room 110 through the air outlet opening 59.

10 shows experimental measurements showing the heating effect of the solar absorber for a well-insulated wooden house. Building 100 remained closed during the measurement. The measurement was taken for an entire day starting at midnight and ending at midnight. The room temperature r recorded within the room 100 is shown by a solid line. During the test, the ambient air had the ambient temperature e with the dotted line. Both the ambient temperature e and the room temperature r were determined away from the air inlet opening 50 and the air outlet opening 59 as well as away from the warm air connection 111 and the cold air connection 119. Due to the good insulation of building 100 in which the measurements were taken, the outside temperature e only has a small influence on the room temperature r.

The intake temperature i measured at the air inlet opening 50 is shown by a dash-dotted line and the delivery temperature 0 determined at the air outlet opening 59 is shown by a dashed line. Based on 10 It can be clearly seen that the output temperature 0 detected at the air outlet opening 59 can significantly exceed the ambient temperature e thanks to the heating in the solar heater 1 and can therefore heat the room 110. With the help of the solar heater 1, a significant warming compared to the ambient temperature e can be achieved by using solar energy.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, the claims and the drawings may be essential to the realization of the invention in its various embodiments, both individually and in any combination.

Reference symbols

1

Solar heater

3

Housing

5

inner space

7

Solar absorber

9

fan

11

Photovoltaic module

13

Stand

15

eyelet

30

transparent wall section

31

Housing part

32

Housing part

33

joint

34

Tension clasp

35

Fresh air supply

36

Fresh air opening

37

cover

38

frame body

39

Recording

50

Air intake opening

59

Air outlet opening

70

Profile body

71

front

73

back

100

Building

110

Space

111

Hot air connection

119

Cold air connection

i

Intake temperature

O

Dispensing temperature

e

Ambient temperature

r

Room temperature

Claims (43)

Solar heater (1) for heating air, comprising - a housing (3) which comprises a plurality of wall sections which enclose an interior (5), the housing (3) having at least one transparent wall section (30), - an air inlet opening (50) for supplying air to be heated into the interior (5), - an air outlet opening (59) for discharging heated air from the interior (5), - a fan (9) which is designed and set up to convey the air from the air inlet opening (50) through the interior (5) to the air outlet opening (59), and - a solar absorber (7) arranged in the interior (5) between the air inlet opening (50) and the air outlet opening (59), the solar absorber (7) comprising or consisting of a profile body (70), the profile body (70) being one of the Has a front side (71) facing the transparent wall section (30) and a back side (73) facing away from it, the profile body (70) being able to flow around or around the air on both sides. Solar heater (1). Claim 1 , wherein the housing (3) comprises at least two or exactly two housing parts (31, 32), in particular the housing parts (31, 32) comprising a first housing part (31) and a second housing part (32), the housing parts being designed for this purpose and are set up to enclose the interior (5) together, preferably both the first housing part (31) and the second housing part (32) each at least partially enclosing the transparent wall section (30). Solar heater (1). Claim 2 , wherein the housing (3) has an operating state in which the housing parts (31, 32) enclose the interior (5) together, and a different transport state, in particular wherein in the transport state there is a closed flow path for the air to be heated from the air inlet opening (50) to the air outlet opening (59) is interrupted along the solar absorber (7). Solar heater (1). Claim 3 , wherein the housing parts (31, 32) are arranged next to one another in the operating state in a first direction, in particular a longitudinal direction, and wherein the housing parts (31, 32) are arranged next to one another in the transport state in a second direction, in particular a transverse direction. Solar heater (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 4 , wherein the housing parts (31, 32) are movably secured to one another. Solar heater (1). Claim 5 , wherein the first housing part (31) is pivotally fixed to the second housing part (32) by means of a joint (33). Solar heater (1). Claim 6 , wherein the joint (33) is arranged on a front side of the housing, and wherein a locking device, such as a tension lock (34), for fixing the first housing part (31) relative to the second housing part (32) is arranged on a rear side of the housing opposite the front side of the housing . Solar heater (1) according to one of the Claims 3 until 7 , wherein the first housing part (31) in the transport state is in a, preferably substantially congruent, surface contact with the second housing part (32), in particular along the divided transparent wall section. Solar heater (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 8th , wherein in the operating state at least one sealing element, in particular completely surrounding the interior (5), is arranged in the contact area between the first housing part (31) and the second housing part (32). Solar heater (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 9 , wherein the air inlet opening (50) is assigned to the first, in particular lower, housing part (31), in particular arranged thereon, and / or, in particular and, wherein the air outlet opening (59) is assigned to the second, in particular upper, housing part (32), in particular arranged thereon. Solar heater (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 10 , wherein the solar absorber (7) is made up of several parts, wherein at least a first part of the solar absorber (7), in particular a first profile body (70), is assigned to the first housing part (31), preferably arranged within the first housing part (31), and wherein at least a second part of the solar absorber (7), in particular a second profile body (70), is assigned to the second housing part (32), preferably arranged within the second housing part (32). Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one, in particular closable, fresh air supply (35) for an inflow of air from the environment of the solar heater (1), preferably from an outside space outside a building (100) or vehicle the interior (3). Solar heater after Claim 12 , wherein the fresh air supply (35) comprises a cover (37) which has an open position and a closed position, wherein the cover (37) in the open position exposes at least one fresh air opening (36), and / or wherein the cover (37) in the Closed position which covers, in particular, preferably sealingly, closes at least one fresh air opening (36). Solar heater after Claim 13 , wherein the cover (37) is fixed to the housing (3) in a movable, in particular rotatable, manner relative to the fresh air opening (36). Solar heater according to one of the Claims 12 until 14 , wherein the fresh air supply (35) is adjustable, in particular continuously, between a maximum open position and the closed position. Solar heater according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fresh air supply (35) is arranged on the same housing part (31) as the air inlet opening (50). Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile body (70) has a wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped cross section. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile body (70) has a surface coating and/or surface treatment at least on its front side (71), which is preferably designed and set up to increase the absorption of sunlight by the solar absorber (7), Solar heater (1). Claim 18 , wherein the surface coating and/or surface processing includes matting and/or painting. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile body (70) is formed by a sheet, in particular exactly one sheet, which covers the interior (5) in at least one longitudinal and/or transverse direction parallel to the transparent wall section (30). completely or predominantly filled. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing (3) comprises a frame body (38) which is designed and arranged to accommodate the transparent wall section (30) and, together with the transparent wall section (30), to cover the interior space (5 ), in particular the frame body (38) forming a plurality of wall sections of the housing (3), which, together with the at least one transparent wall section (30), preferably completely enclose the interior (5). Solar heater (1). Claim 21 , wherein the frame body (38) comprises a receptacle (39) into which the transparent wall section (30), in particular a glass pane or a transparent, preferably solid, plastic pane, such as a pane made of polycarbonate or poly(meth)acrylate, is inserted or can be used. Solar heater (1). Claim 22 , wherein at least one sealant, such as a sealing tape, is arranged in the receptacle (39) between the frame body (38) and the transparent wall section (30). Solar heater (1). Claim 22 or 23 , wherein the transparent wall portion (30) is secured in the receptacle (39) by at least one or more fastening means, such as screws. Solar heater (1) according to one of the Claims 22 until 24 , wherein the receptacle (33) comprises or consists of a receiving groove into which the transparent wall section (30) can be inserted, preferably in a translational and / or complementary shape. Solar heater according to one of the Claims 21 until 25 , wherein the frame body (38) is formed from sheet metal, in particular aluminum sheet or steel sheet, wherein preferably exactly one or at least one sheet is deformed to form the frame body (31). Solar heater according to one of the Claims 21 until 26 , wherein the frame body (38), in particular completely or at least in sections, is formed as a double-walled hollow body, in particular by blow molding or rotation molding. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a photovoltaic module (11) for powering the fan in particular is mechanically connected or connectable to the housing (3), in particular detachable without tools. Solar heater (1). Claim 28 , wherein the housing (3) has a holder for fastening the photovoltaic module (11), in particular releasable without tools. Solar heater (1). Claim 28 or 29 , wherein the photovoltaic module (11) is arranged or can be arranged on an upper side of the housing (3) outside the interior (5). Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to one of Claims 28 until 30 , wherein the fan (9) is electrically operated and is electrically connected or connectable to a photovoltaic module (11) for power supply. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fan (9) is assigned to the air inlet opening (50) or the air outlet opening (59), in particular is arranged thereon. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transparent wall section (70) and / or the entire solar heater (1) is aligned or alignable with an inclination to the vertical direction. Solar heater (1). Claim 33 , wherein the inclination is at least 10°, in particular at least 20°, preferably about 30°. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one stand (13) for self-supporting installation of the solar heater (1). Solar heater (1). Claim 35 , wherein the base (13), in particular in its length and / or its angle of inclination, is adjustable. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a plurality of eyelets (15) for wall mounting. Solar heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a plurality of air guiding elements which are arranged or can be arranged in the interior (5). Solar heater (1). Claim 38 , whereby the air guide elements are shaped in accordance with the shape of the, in particular wave-shaped or zigzag-shaped, profile body (70). Building (100) with a solar heater (1) connected to it according to one of the preceding claims for heating the building (100), comprising: at least one room (110) to be heated, the room (110) being equipped with a warm air connection (111) coupled to the air outlet opening (59) and a cold air connection (119) coupled to the air inlet opening (50). Building (100) after Claim 40 , wherein the solar heater (1) has at least one fresh air supply (35) for an inflow of air from the surroundings of the solar heater (1), the fresh air supply (35) connecting the interior (5) of the solar heater (1) in particular directly with an external space outside of the room (110), especially outside the building (100). Vehicle, such as a caravan or a mobile home, with a solar heater (1) connected to it according to one of the Claims 1 until 39 for heating the vehicle, Vehicle after Claim 42 , wherein the solar heater (1) has at least one fresh air supply (35) for an inflow of air from the surroundings of the solar heater (1), the fresh air supply (35) connecting the interior (5) of the solar heater (1) in particular directly with an external space outside of the vehicle.

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