DE202023101036U1 - A system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria, the system consists of:
a collection unit for collecting the fresh bark of Alstonia Scholaris, which is then cleaned with water to remove dust particles;
a preparation unit to prepare the extract from the collected and washed barks of Alstonia Scholaris, after washing with water, the barks are dried and ground to obtain a fine powder using a blender, then extracts are prepared using four different solvents, and be stored for further use;
an inoculum preparation unit for maintaining the bacterial strain used for testing the antibacterial activity of the bark extract of Alstonia Scholaris ; And
an evaluation unit for determining the antibacterial activities of the prepared extract against the bacterial strain, wherein the antibacterial activities are determined by applying an agar well diffusion method.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system for screening the antibacterial activities of Alstonia Scholaris bark extract using various solvents against human bacterial strains, using an agar well diffusion method for the antibacterial test.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Medicinal plants, often known as medicinal herbs, have been identified and used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Traditional medicine usually gets its ingredients from medicinal plants, which are also more readily available and cheaper than modern medicine in rural areas. The study of the bioactive components of plants as a result of their traditional use has led to the discovery of numerous medicinal abilities.

The therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants is determined by a number of secondary metabolites found in them, including alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and anthraquinones. Phytochemicals are organic bioactive substances found primarily in plants. This includes vegetables, medicinal plants, fruits, flowers, leaves and roots. These substances work in concert with fiber and nutrients to form a disease defense mechanism that provides protection against a wide range of diseases.

The phytochemicals found in plants have been studied for their potency, including isolating and identifying the components and understanding their mechanisms of action.

Alstonia Scholaris R.Br, often known as the "Dita tree", is a member of the Apocynaceae family. Traditional medicine has traditionally used this herb to treat a variety of human ailments. In medicine, the bark is used as a tonic, astringent, alternative remedy, and antiperiodic. It is used as a beneficial treatment for both advanced dysentery and chronic diarrhea. In addition, it works well in catarrhal fever. It is also said to be given in some cases of malarial fever and is a powerful tonic. It is beneficial for heart diseases, ulcers, asthma, leukoderma, blood diseases, "Tridosha", tumors and ailments. It is also very beneficial in the treatment of tooth decay and stubborn ulcers (Ayurveda). In medicine, the bark is used as a tonic, astringent, alternative remedy, and antiperiodic. It is used as a beneficial treatment for both advanced dysentery and chronic diarrhea.

Due to its therapeutic importance, it becomes necessary to examine its effectiveness in alleviating certain diseases.

Alstonia is needed Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria. In the present disclosure, the bark of the plant is tested for antibacterial activity against the bacterial strain Salmonella typhi using a variety of solvents including aqueous, chloroform, methanol and petroleum ether. Antibacterial tests are performed using the agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibition is measured in millimeters and compared to the reference antibiotic streptomycin. Accordingly, petroleum ether extract exhibited a 3 mm zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi, which is comparable to the 3 mm zone of inhibition exhibited by chloroform and methanol extracts. Compared to the other three extracts, the inhibition zone of the aqueous extract (2 mm) against Salmonella typhi is the smallest. All different extracts had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5 mg/ml against Salmonella typhi. According to the findings of the present disclosure, there is a great opportunity to create a brand new herbal formulation with a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties using multiple extracts from Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. bark.

To provide a system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria. The system includes: a collection unit for collecting the fresh bark of Alstonia Scholaris, which is then cleaned with water to remove dust particles; a preparation unit to prepare the extract from the collected and washed barks of Alstonia Scholaris, after washing with water, the barks are dried and ground to obtain a fine powder using a blender, then extracts are prepared using four different solvents, and for further use be stored; an inoculum preparation unit for maintaining the bacterial strain used for testing the antibacterial activity of the bark extract of Alstonia Scholaris ; and an evaluation unit for determining the antibacterial activities of the prepared extract against the bacterial strain, wherein the antibacterial activities are determined by using an agar well diffusion method.

An object of the present disclosure is a system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria.

Another object of the present disclosure is to obtain the extract of the plant to screen for antibacterial activity.

Another object of the present disclosure is the use of an agar well diffusion method for testing the antibacterial assays.

Yet another objective of the present disclosure is an effective option for developing a new broad spectrum antibacterial herbal formulation.

In order to further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings represent only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope. The invention will be described and illustrated with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.

character list

• 1 veranschaulicht ein Blockdiagramm eines Systems zum Screenen der antibakteriellen Aktivität von Alstonia Scholaris gegen humanpathogene Bakterien gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Offenbarung;
• 2 veranschaulicht eine Tabelle, die die Ergebnisse der antibakteriellen Aktivität des Rindenextrakts von Alstonia darstellt Scholaris R.Br. gegen Salmonellen typhi gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Offenbarung;
• 3 veranschaulicht eine Tabelle, die die Ergebnisse der minimalen Hemmkonzentration (MIC) von Rindenextrakten von Alstonia darstellt Scholaris R.Br. gegen Salmonellen typhi gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Offenbarung; Und
• 4 veranschaulicht eine Tabelle, die die Ergebnisse der antibakteriellen Aktivität von Rindenextrakten von Alstonia darstellt Scholaris R.Br. mit seinem SEM gegen Salmonellen typhi gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Offenbarung.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

• 1 Figure 12 illustrates a block diagram of a system for screening antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
• 2 Figure 1 illustrates a table presenting the results of antibacterial activity of Alstonia bark extract Scholaris R.Br. against salmonella typhi according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
• 3 Figure 12 illustrates a table presenting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of bark extracts from Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. against salmonella typhi according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; And
• 4 Figure 1 illustrates a table presenting the results of antibacterial activity of Alstonia bark extracts Scholaris R.Br. with its SEM against Salmonella typhi according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the drawings are presented for simplicity and may not necessarily be drawn to scale. For example, the flowcharts illustrate the method in terms of the salient steps involved to help improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Moreover, with respect to the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may only show such specific details as are relevant to an understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure around the drawings not to be obscured with details that would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art benefiting from the description contained herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It should be understood, however, that no limitation on the scope of the invention is intended thereby, contemplating such changes and further modifications to the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention illustrated therein, as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.

Reference throughout this specification to "an aspect,""anotheraspect," or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment,""in another embodiment," and similar phrases throughout this specification may, but need not, all refer to the same embodiment.

The terms "comprising," "comprising," or other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion such that a process or method that includes a list of steps includes not only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or any inherent in such process or procedure. Similarly, without further limitation, one or more devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises...a" does not exclude the existence of other devices or other subsystems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional subsystems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 Figure 11 illustrates a block diagram of a system for screening antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system (100) includes a collection unit (102) for collecting the fresh bark of Alstonia Scholaris which is then cleaned with water to remove dust particles.

In one embodiment, a preparation unit (104) is used to prepare the extract from the collected and washed barks of Alstonia Scholaris , after washing with water, the barks are dried and ground to obtain a fine powder using a blender, and then using four different solvents, the extracts are prepared and stored for further use.

In one embodiment, an inoculum preparation unit (106) is used to maintain the bacterial strain used to test the antibacterial activity of Alstonia bark extract taught.

In one embodiment, an evaluation unit (108) is used to determine the antibacterial activities of the prepared extract against the bacterial strain, the antibacterial activities being determined by applying an agar well diffusion method.

In one embodiment, to prepare the bark extract, the fine powder obtained is passed through various sequential cycles in four different solvents, namely chloroform, methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous, using a Soxhlet apparatus, using 200 ml of each solvent and 20 gm of the extract powder prepared are used together for the extraction process by a Soxhlet device, the obtained extracts are then filtered and then concentrated in a water bath at a temperature of 50°C, and then the concentrated extracts are stored to be tested for their antibacterial activities.

In one embodiment, the microbial strain selected for antibacterial testing is Salmonella typhi, the bacterial stain being maintained on nutrient agar where it is regularly subcultured and stored at a temperature of 4°C, with a loop full of bacterial culture overnight in nutrient broth is inoculated at a temperature of 37°C in the incubator for a period of 16-18 hours.

In one embodiment, in the agar-well diffusion method, 200 µl of the standardized cell suspension is spread onto nutrient agar plates using a sterile swab, and a sterile cork drill is used to make wells in the agar plates, and the plates are incubated at a temperature of 37° C for 24 hours with 100 µl extract in one well and 10 µl streptomycin in another well as a positive control, and after 24 hours the diameters of the zone of inhibition are noted.

In one embodiment, a statistical analysis is performed with the results obtained from the antibacterial tests performed in triplicate and the zone of inhibition in millimeters ter is measured. SPSS software version 20 is used for statistical analysis of all results.

2 Figure 1 illustrates a table presenting the results of antibacterial activity of Alstonia bark extract Scholaris R.Br. against Salmonella typhi according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. All four extracts showed inhibitory activity as measured by the diameter of the zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi. The zone of inhibition for the petroleum ether extract against Salmonella typhi was 3 mm, which is comparable to the zones of inhibition for the chloroform and methanol extracts (3 mm). Compared to the other three extracts, the zone of inhibition of the aqueous extract (2 mm) against Salmonella typhi was the smallest. According to the research, water extract had the lowest antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, while methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether extracts all had the same antibacterial activity. The antibiotic used had an inhibitory effect and was also effective against Salmonella typhi.

3 Figure 12 illustrates a table presenting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of bark extracts from Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. against Salmonella typhi according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Various extracts from Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. used against Salmonella typhi are evaluated for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at concentrations of 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml. With an MIC value of 5 mg/ml, this plant showed a clear inhibition against the pathogenic bacteria examined.

Salmonella typhi growth was suppressed by chloroform extract at the lowest dose, 5 mg/ml, with a zone of inhibition of 2 mm. Salmonella typhi was inhibited by the chloroform extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml in a 3 mm zone and at a concentration of 15 mg/ml in an 8 mm zone.

Salmonella typhi growth was similarly inhibited by methanol extract at the lowest concentration tested, 5 mg/ml, with a zone of inhibition of 2 mm. Salmonella typhi was inhibited by the methanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml in a 4 mm zone and at a concentration of 15 mg/ml in a 12 mm zone.

Salmonella typhi growth was inhibited by the petroleum ether extract at the lowest dose, 5 mg/ml, with a zone of inhibition of 3 mm. The petroleum ether extract had the largest zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi at concentrations of 10 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml, corresponding to 5 mm and 22 mm, respectively. This is the highest zone of inhibition of all extracts.

Salmonella typhi could be inhibited by an aqueous extract from Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. at a concentration of 5 mg/ml and the zone of inhibition evaluated was 1 mm, the lowest of any extract. The aqueous extract showed a zone of inhibition of 5 mm against Salmonella typhi at a dose of 10 mg/ml and a zone of inhibition of 8 mm at a dose of 15 mg/ml.

The MICs of Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. Extracts in methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous medium against Salmonella Typhi were 5 mg/ml. As a result, the results showed that these extracts were successful in restricting the growth of this particular strain of bacteria.

4 Figure 1 illustrates a table presenting the results of antibacterial activity of Alstonia bark extracts Scholaris R.Br. with its SEM against Salmonella typhi according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure shows that Alstonia Scholaris R.Br. demonstrated the presence of bioactive chemicals, suggesting that it has the potential to serve as a source of functional ingredients for the manufacture of fresh, potent antibacterial drugs. Therefore, it is important to promote the combined use of medicinal plant extracts both to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacteria and to combat emerging and re-emerging diseases caused by pathogenic microbes.

The drawings and the above description provide exemplary embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the elements described may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements can be broken down into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Furthermore, the actions of any flowchart need not be implemented in the order shown; also, not all actions have to be performed. Actions that are not dependent on other actions can also be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples limited. Numerous variations, whether or not expressly stated in the description, such as differences in structure, dimensions and use of materials, are possible. The scope of the embodiments is at least as broad as indicated by the following claims.

Advantages, other benefits, and solutions to problems have been described above with respect to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, benefits, problem solutions, and components that may cause benefits, benefits, or solutions to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or components of any or all claims.

Reference List

100

A system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria.

102

collection unit

104

preparation unit

106

Inoculum Preparation Unit

108

evaluation unit

Claims (5)

A system for screening the antibacterial activity of Alstonia Scholaris against human pathogenic bacteria, the system consists of: a collection unit for collecting the fresh bark of Alstonia Scholaris, which is then cleaned with water to remove dust particles; a preparation unit to prepare the extract from the collected and washed barks of Alstonia Scholaris, after washing with water, the barks are dried and ground to obtain a fine powder using a blender, then extracts are prepared using four different solvents, and be stored for further use; an inoculum preparation unit for maintaining the bacterial strain used for testing the antibacterial activity of the bark extract of Alstonia Scholaris ; And an evaluation unit for determining the antibacterial activities of the prepared extract against the bacterial strain, wherein the antibacterial activities are determined by applying an agar well diffusion method. system after claim 1 , wherein, to prepare the bark extract, the fine powder obtained is passed through different successive cycles in four different solvents, namely chloroform, methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous, using a Soxhlet apparatus, 200 ml of each solvent and 20 g of the prepared extract powder are put together used for the extraction process by a Soxhlet device, the obtained extracts are then filtered and then concentrated in a water bath at a temperature of 50°C and then the concentrated extracts are stored for testing for their antibacterial activity. system after claim 1 , where Salmonella typhi is the microbial strain selected for antibacterial study, the bacterial stain being maintained on nutrient agar, where it is regularly subcultured and stored at a temperature of 4°C, with a loop full of an overnight bacterial culture being in Nutrient solution inoculated at a temperature of 37°C in an incubator for a period of 16-18 hours. system after claim 1 , characterized in that in the agar-well diffusion method, 200 μl of the standardized cell suspension are smeared onto nutrient agar plates with a sterile swab and wells are drilled into the agar plates with a sterile cork drill. furthermore, the plates are incubated at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours with 100 µl of extract in one well and 10 µl of streptomycin in another well as a positive control, and after 24 hours the diameters of the inhibition zone are noted. system after claim 1 , carrying out a statistical analysis, performing the results obtained from the antibacterial tests in triplicate and measuring the zone of inhibition in millimeters.

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