DE202022104092U1 - A device for removing Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution - Google Patents

Abstract

A device (100) for removing PB(II) ions from an aqueous solution, the device (100) comprising:
an airtight container (102) for collecting and storing algal material such as Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C.Agardh thalli, the algal material being cleaned and washed with distilled water;
a beaker (104) connected to the airtight container (102) for preparing a stock solution of lead (Pb(II) ions (1000 mg/L in distilled water) using an analytical grade lead nitrate;
a flask (106) connected to the beaker (104) for mixing 40-60 ml metal solution and 90-110 mg algal biomass; and
a rotary shaker (108) connected to the flask (106) for mixing the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed for a constant duration, with a filter paper (110) separating the biomass from the metal solution.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an ion extraction apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus for removing Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution using dried biomass of brown algae Sargassum Ilicifolium.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Heavy metal pollution from industrial effluents is increasing day by day and has become one of the biggest problems of this century. Conventional methods for removing toxic heavy metals are too expensive and difficult to use at low concentrations in the effluent. This was in US20160039693A1 disclosed, which includes the concentration of microorganisms that consume nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur or metal-containing substances.

The use of algal biomass as an adsorbent was recently presented by Volesky. Among various adsorbents, seaweed is attracting attention because of its high ability of absorbing and utilizing metals in nature. The algal cell wall consists of a multilayered microfibrillar framework, generally composed of cellulose and amorphous material. A high proportion of alginate (14-40%) is present in seaweed. The main component of alginate is alginic acid, a polymer composed of straight chains of 1,4-linked β-D-mannuronic and α-L-guluronic acids. Other negatively charged functional groups, such as. B. the sulfone groups of fucoidan, can contribute to the complexation of heavy metals. Fucoidan is a branched polysaccharide sulfate ester with L-fucose building blocks that are predominantly a(1->2)-linked.

It is known that brown algae have a high heavy metal removal capacity compared to red and green species.

US8097168B2 describes a process for the treatment of wastewater using sulfur dioxide and lime chemical dewatering technology in conjunction with a biological photobiomass/algae treatment system in which photobiomass/algae are grown to reduce dissolved solids, heavy metals and ammonia in the wastewater and to produce reclaimed, treated wastewater for consumption in vegetation, as feedstock for biofuel, and for biofuel and carbon credits.

However, none of the above prior art discloses the extraction of lead from an aqueous solution using organic materials.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a device for removing lead from an aqueous solution, using an inexpensive and readily available absorption material and achieving maximum removal efficiency of dried biomass such as Sargassum ilicifolium.

The technical advance disclosed by the present invention overcomes the limitations and disadvantages of existing and conventional systems and methods.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for removing Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution.

An object of the present invention is to develop an apparatus for removing Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution,

Another object of the present invention is to provide an equilibrium absorption capacity that varies with heavy metal concentration, and

Another object of the present invention is to achieve maximum removal efficiency at pH 2.5.

• einen luftdichten Behälter zum Sammeln und Lagern von Algenmaterial wie Sargassum Ilicifolium(Turner)C.Agardh. thalli, wobei das Algenmaterial gereinigt und mit destilliertem Wasser gewaschen wird;
• ein Becherglas zur Herstellung einer Stammlösung von Blei-(Pb(II)-Ionen (1000 mg/l in destilliertem Wasser) unter Verwendung von Bleinitrat analytischer Qualität;
• einen mit dem Becherglas verbundenen Kolben zum Mischen von 40-60 ml Metalllösung und 90-110 mg Algenbiomasse; und
• ein Rotationsschüttler mischt die Metalllösung und die Algenbiomasse bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit für eine konstante Dauer, wobei ein Filterpapier die Biomasse von der Metalllösung trennt.

In one embodiment, a device for removing PB(II) ions from an aqueous solution, the device comprising:

• an airtight container for collecting and storing algal material such as Sargassum Ilicifolium(Turner)C.Agardh. thalli, where the algal material is cleaned and washed with distilled water;
• a beaker for preparing a stock solution of lead (Pb(II) ions (1000 mg/L in distilled water) using analytical grade lead nitrate;
• a flask connected to the beaker for mixing 40-60 ml metal solution and 90-110 mg algal biomass; and
• a rotary shaker mixes the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed for a constant duration, with a filter paper separating the biomass from the metal solution.

In one embodiment, the stock solution is diluted to obtain a desired metal concentration of 100-1000 mg/L Pb(II) ions.

In one embodiment, the rotary shaker mixes the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed of 160-180 rpm.

In one embodiment, the algal material is sun dried, ground with a grinder and stored at room temperature in the airtight containers.

In one embodiment, the pH of the metal solution is adjusted to between 2-5 by adding 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 90-110 mg biomass and 40-60 ml lead nitrate (100 mg/l).

In order to further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more detailed description of the invention will be made by reference to specific embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is understood that these figures show only typical embodiments of the invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting its scope. The invention will be described and illustrated with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying figures.

character list

• 1 ein Blockdiagramm einer Vorrichtung zur Entfernung von PB(II)-Ionen aus einer wässrigen Lösung zeigt,
• 2 eine grafische Darstellung der Adsorptionsisothermen für Pb(II)-Ionen auf S.ilicifolium zeigt,
• 3 eine grafische Darstellung der Langmuir-Konstanten für die Adsorption von Pb(II)-Ionen durch S.ilicifolium zeigt,
• 4 eine grafische Darstellung der Freundlich-Konstanten für die Adsorption von Pb(II)-Ionen durch S.ilicifolium zeigt,
• 5 eine grafische Darstellung der Pseudo-First-Order-Biosorption von Pb(II)-Ionen durch S.ilicifolium zeigt, und
• 6 eine grafische Darstellung der Biosorption von Pb(II)-Ionen Pseudo-zweiter Ordnung durch S.ilicifolium zeigt.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying figures, in which like characters represent like parts throughout the figures, wherein:

• 1 shows a block diagram of a device for removing PB(II) ions from an aqueous solution,
• 2 shows a graphical representation of the adsorption isotherms for Pb(II) ions on S.ilicifolium,
• 3 shows a plot of the Langmuir constant for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by S.ilicifolium,
• 4 shows a plot of Freundlich constants for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by S.ilicifolium,
• 5 shows a graphical representation of the pseudo-first-order biosorption of Pb(II) ions by S.ilicifolium, and
• 6 Figure 12 shows a graphical representation of pseudo-second order Pb(II) ion biosorption by S.ilicifolium.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the elements in the figures are presented for simplicity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method of key steps to enhance understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. In addition, one or more components of the device may be represented in the figures by conventional symbols, and the figures only show the specific details relevant to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure, not to encircle the figures with details to overload, which are easily recognizable to those skilled in the art familiar with the present description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe the same. It should be understood, however, that no limitation on the scope of the invention is intended, and such alterations and further modifications to the illustrated system and such further applications of the principles of the invention set forth therein are contemplated as would occur to those skilled in the art invention would normally come to mind.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not to be taken as limiting.

When this specification refers to "an aspect," "another aspect," or the like, it means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is present in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," and similar phrases throughout this specification may or may not all refer to the same embodiment.

The terms "comprises,""including," or other variations thereof are not intended to exclude eventual inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps includes not only those steps but may also include other steps not expressly listed or pertaining to such a process or method. Likewise, any device or subsystem or element or structure or component preceded by "comprises...a" does not, without further limitation, exclude the existence of other devices or other subsystem or other element or other structure or other component or additional device or additional subsystems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached figures.

1 shows a block diagram of an apparatus (100) for removing PB(II) ions from an aqueous solution, the apparatus (100) comprising: an airtight container (102), a beaker (104), a flask (106), a rotary shaker (108) and a filter paper (110).

In the airtight container (102), the collected algal material such. B. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh thalli, wherein the algal material is cleaned, washed with distilled water, dried in the sun, ground with a grinder and stored at room temperature in the airtight container (102).

The thalli of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C.Agardh were collected at Malvan and Kunakeshwar (District-Sindhudurg) on the west coast of Maharashtra.

The beaker (104) is connected to the airtight container (102) to prepare a stock solution of lead (Pb(II) ions (1000 mg/l in distilled water) using an analytical grade lead nitrate. The stock solution is diluted, to obtain the desired concentration of the metal in the range of 100-1000 mg/l Pb(II) ions.

The analytical grade lead nitrate is supplied by S.D. Fine Chem. Ltd. India.

The flask (106) is connected to the beaker (104) to mix 40-60 ml metal solution and 90-110 mg algal biomass.

The rotary shaker (108) is connected to the flask (106) to mix the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed for a constant time, with a filter paper (110) separating the biomass from the metal solution. The rotary shaker (108) mixes the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed of 160-180 rpm.

The pH of the metal solution is adjusted to a value between 2-5 by adding 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 90-110 mg biomass and 40-60 ml lead nitrate (100 mg/l). The samples are analyzed after 70-90 minutes.

The maximum sorption of lead took place at pH 2.5 in both S.ilicifolium. The value determined for S.ilicifolium is 42.64±0.10 within 80 minutes. The lower rate of biosorption at higher pH may be due to a reduction in the solubility of the metal in complexes and lead to precipitation.

The effect of contact time: The effect of time on the processes of biosorption the agitation period is varied from 0 to 80min. Samples are removed after each 10 min interval and analyze for AAS. The effect of contact time. The maximum adsorption of lead occurred after 30 minutes in S.ilicifolium (42±0.10 mg/l, or 85.28%).

The effect of the biomass: The test is carried out with 50 ml of 100 mg/l lead nitrate at a pH of 2.5. The dosage of the biomass varies from 20 mg to 100 mg and the samples are analyzed by AAS after 80 minutes. With increasing initial concentration of the metal, the amount adsorbed in both biosorbents also increased. The desorption of lead increased with the increase in biomass. The maximum adsorption is observed at 100 mg biomass in both materials. The removal efficiency increased with increasing biomass dose as the contact area increased.

Effect of metal concentration

The effect of metal ion concentration on biosorption by S.ilicifolium is studied by varying it from 100mg to 1000mg/L. The experiment is carried out at a pH of 2.5 with 100 mg of biomass and lasts 80 minutes. Metal ion uptake increased from 42.64±0.10mg/g to 177.365±0.06mg/g in S.ilicifolium. This may be due to the large number of metal ions available for adsorption.

The amount of metal picked up, q, is determined using the following equation (Eq.1): $${\text{q}}_{\text{e}}=\frac{cO-ce}{M}XV$$

Where "qe" stands for the adsorption amount at equilibrium (mg/g), "Mis" for the mass of the alga (mg), "Co" and "Ce" for the initial and final concentration of the metal ion (mg/l), "Vis" for the volume (ml), and the removal efficiency is determined by the formula (Eq.2): $$\text{Biosorption\%=}\frac{cO-ce}{cO}\times 100$$

The mechanism of biosorption is explained using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, where the Langmuir model is expressed by the equation (Eq. 3): $${\text{C}}_{\text{e}}/{\text{q}}_{\text{e}}={\text{C}}_{\text{e}}/{\text{q}}_{\text{m}}+1/{\text{q}}_{\text{m}}\text{b}$$

where q _e is the equilibrium metal or bed concentration (mg/g), C _e is the equilibrium metal ion concentration (mg/l), qm is the maximum metal or bed concentration (mg/g), b and care constants.

Metal adsorption is explained by the following equation: $${\text{Q}}_{\text{s}}={\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="k f C" filenames="DE202022104092U1\_0010.png,DE202022104092U1\_0011.png" state="{{state}}">k</figure-callout>}}_{\text{f}}{\text{C}}^{}{}^{\text{1}/\text{n}}$$

The linear form of the equation is expressed as: $${\text{log q}}_{\text{e}}={\text{log k}}_{\text{f}}+1/{\text{n log C}}_{\text{e}}$$

$$\text{Log}\left({\text{q}}_{\text{e}}-{\text{q}}_{\text{t}}\right)={\text{log q}}_{\text{e}}-{\text{k}}_1\text{t}/2.303$$

q_e und qt sind die Menge eines Adsorptionsgleichgewichts (mg/g) und die Zeit t(min), k₁ ist die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Adsorption pseudo-first-order.where q _e is the amount adsorbed (mg/g), C _e is the equilibrium concentration of adsorbate (mg/l) and K _f and n are Freundlich constants. The values of K _f and n can be calculated from the intercept and the slope. The bioabsorption of metals is presented as follows: $${\text{dq}}_{\text{t}}/\text{German}={\text{K}}_1\left({\text{q}}_{\text{e}}-{\text{q}}_{\text{t}}\right)$$

$$\text{log}\left({\text{q}}_{\text{e}}-{\text{q}}_{\text{t}}\right)={\text{log q}}_{\text{e}}-{\text{k}}_1\text{t}/2.303$$

q _e and qt are the amount of adsorption equilibrium (mg/g) and time t(min), k ₁ is the rate constant of pseudo-first-order adsorption.

2 shows a graphical representation of the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on S.ilicifolium.

The plot of the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed versus the concentration in the aqueous phase at equilibrium. Isotherm data obtained with a range of initial lead concentrations showed an increase in the amount of lead adsorbed as the initial lead concentration was increased from 100-1000 mg/l. The adsorption data were analyzed with two adsorption models using Langmuir and Freundlich.

3 shows a plot of the Langmuir constants for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by S.ilicifolium.

The experimental data on the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on S.ilicifolium are better explained by the Langmuir model than by other models. The magnitude of RLists 0.011-0.334 for Sargassum, which is consistent with the requirement for favorable adsorption. The high value of the correlation coefficient R2 indicates a better coordination between the parameters and indicates a monolayer adsorption of Pb(II) ions on the surface of the biosorbent.

4 shows a plot of Freundlich constants for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by S.ilicifolium.

The values of the correlation coefficient R2 in this case showed that the Freundlich model fits the experimental data less well than the Langmuir equation.

5 shows a graphical representation of the pseudo-first-order biosorption of Pb(II) ions by S.ilicifolium.

The pseudo first order and pseudo second order models explain the mechanism of the adsorption process. According to the plot of log(q _e -q _t ) versus time should be linear if pseudo-first order kinetics are followed.

6 Figure 12 shows a graphical representation of pseudo-second order Pb(II) ion biosorption by S.ilicifolium.

The linear regression correlation (R2) values are higher, confirming that the adsorption data are well represented by the pseudo-secondary kinetics and support the chemisorption process taking place during the adsorption in the present biosorbents.

Under optimal conditions (pH 2.5 and metal concentration 100 mg/L), the removal of Pb(II) ions in S. ilicifolium was 42.64 mg/g (85.28%). The process took 30 minutes for S. ilicifolium. With increasing metal ion concentration, the metal uptake increases due to the increase in the driving force, ie the concentration gradient, but the percentage biosorption decreases. At lower concentrations, most of the Pb(II) ions in the solution could interact with the binding sites, so the adsorption percentage is higher. As the initial metal ion concentration increases, the percent biosorption decreases due to saturation of the biosorption sites.

The experimental data for the adsorption process fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm as the Freundlich adsorption model. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Analysis of the FTIR spectrum indicated that amine, alcohol, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups could be involved in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions.

With the present invention, a promising use of dried biomass of Sargassum species for the removal of lead from wastewater has been demonstrated.

The figures and the preceding description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that one or more of the elements described may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements can be broken down into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, the order of the processes described herein may be changed and is not limited to the manner described herein. Also, the actions of a flowchart need not be performed in the order shown; Also, not all actions have to be carried out. Also, those actions that are not dependent on other actions can be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations are possible, regardless of whether they are explicitly mentioned in the description or not, e.g. B. Differences in structure, dimensions and use of materials. The scope of the embodiments is at least as broad as indicated in the following claims.

Advantages, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with respect to particular embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, problem solutions, and components that can cause an advantage, benefit, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all claims.

Reference List

100

Device for removing PB(II) ions from an aqueous solution.

102

Airtight container

104

beaker

106

Pistons

108

rotary shaker

110

filter paper

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US20160039693A1[0002]
• US 8097168 B2 [0005]

Claims (5)

A device (100) for removing PB(II) ions from an aqueous solution, the device (100) comprising: an airtight container (102) for collecting and storing algal material such as Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C.Agardh thalli, the algal material being cleaned and washed with distilled water; a beaker (104) connected to the airtight container (102) for preparing a stock solution of lead (Pb(II) ions (1000 mg/L in distilled water) using an analytical grade lead nitrate; a flask (106) connected to the beaker (104) for mixing 40-60 ml metal solution and 90-110 mg algal biomass; and a rotary shaker (108) connected to the flask (106) for mixing the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed for a constant duration, with a filter paper (110) separating the biomass from the metal solution. device after claim 1 , where the stock solution is diluted to obtain a desired metal concentration in the range of 100-1000 mg/l Pb(II) ions. device after claim 1 , wherein the rotary shaker (108) mixes the metal solution and the algal biomass at a constant speed of 160-180 rpm. device after claim 1 wherein the algal material is dried in the sun, ground by a grinder and stored at room temperature in the airtight container (102). device after claim 1 , whereby the pH of the metal solution is adjusted between 2-5 by adding 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 90-110 mg biomass and 40-60 ml lead nitrate (100 mg/l).

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