DE202022002612U1 - Energy producers with natural gas - Google Patents

Abstract

Energy producer with natural gas, where
- burners (3) are intended for natural gas,
- Feeding means (1) for oxygen O2 in the burners (3)
- And a condenser (16) are provided for flue gases.

Description

The invention deals with energy generators with natural gas, in which the energy generated is extracted as a mixed gas, CO2 with H2O, and in a waste heat boiler, a steam boiler and as heat and electrical energy, as well as with the use of oxygen O2 and hydrogen H2 Generation to enable a connection to the energy producers via electrolysis with the use of oxygen O2 and to enable storage of CO2 and climate protection through CO2 storage.

Another task is the use of oxygen O2 and other climate-friendly substances, starting from H2O, H2O vapor, H2O gas, H2, O2, including the H2O-soluble substances such as NH3 and CO2, in order to enable decarbonization through CO2 storage . The oxygen O2 is present in the hydrogen H2 production in the electrolyser in 8 times the quantity (kg) in order to enable the oxygen O2 to generate energy with the flue gases - H2O and CO2 - to enable CO2 storage in a gas storage tank and reduce the carbon footprint. S. Eq. (1).

It is also known from the COP27 in Egypt and a report by IRENA, the Agency for Renewable Resources, that these raw materials will be used for energy production and decarbonization in the future. Further measures are necessary for decarbonization using the example of sewage sludge and storage of CO2 with a zero footprint.

Furthermore, it is known from expert discussions about the climate-damaging pollutants in sewage sludge, a concentration of 1.45% ammonium nitrogen according to DIN 38406-5, from Adliswil near Zurich that this ammonia NH3 is burned in Zurich Werdholzli together with water vapor to form N2O. According to the immission forecasts TA Luft 2.2 from N2O, a quantity of 164 kg/a CO2-n per inhabitant has to be taken into account. In order to avoid the footprint of these immissions and to limit the climate damage from CO2-n immissions of 6400 tons per year, further measures are necessary because of the climate foundation. More detailed project 2018 - 033 Swiss Climate Foundation, to the conversation on August 26, 2020 in Adliswil at Swiss Re.

• • in 4 Jahren ein Langzeit Fußabdruck von 25.600 Tonnen CO2-n besteht,
• • die Immissionsprognose einen Fußabdruck über 114 Jahre mit 25.600 t × 114/2 = 1.459.000 Tonnen CO2-n ausweist.

After being prevented by the Climate Foundation in Adliswil, it is the case that

• • in 4 years there is a long-term footprint of 25,600 tons of CO2-n,
• • the immission forecast shows a footprint over 114 years with 25,600 t × 114/2 = 1,459,000 tons of CO2-n.

Major disadvantage: consequential damage to the footprint of CO2-n.

In addition, it is known that a sewage sludge recycling plant with decarbonization was planned for Lindau (B) in 1980, due to a lack of interest on the part of the city to set up recycling in Kyoto on the same scale of 35,000 PE. The disadvantage is: the wet sewage sludge transport and the incineration in Schongau by the Emter company.

Further measures are necessary to decarbonize the biomass after the COP27 and to avoid consequential damage beyond the 1.4 million tons of CO2-n.

Next is a CO2 desorption device with a steam injection in the EP 3 166 708 B1 discloses that up to 16 tons of steam per ton of CO2 are provided in the CO2 adsorption process. Accordingly, after EP 3 166 708 B1 for the CO2 desorption, a heating and regeneration of the adsorber surfaces disadvantageous provided by batch steam injection. The disadvantage is the batch operation with superheated steam with low energy efficiency < 4% and the CO2 footprint of the steam with 6 times the separated CO2. Major downside. The underqualification after the EP 3 166 708 B1 to capture CO2.

Because of the underqualification after the EP 3 166 708 A1 Climeworks (less qualification) it is more beneficial for climate protection to consume 3 - 4 tons of CO2 additionally than to realize (1) ton of CO2 capture according to Climeworks.

For the representation of the footprint after the EP 3 166 708 B1 further measures are necessary when using the WEF Alliance Davos.

Next is from BAYERNOIL a utilization of sewage sludge by means of pyrolysis according to the publication WO 2018/036839 A 1, Fraunhofer, according to which pyrolysis of the starting material of sewage sludge is provided in the absence of oxygen if the solidification point is exceeded. Disadvantage is the oxygen supply with the bulk material when feeding in up to 30% air. Another disadvantage: Air entry depends on the degree of filling of the entry sluice with 200% based on a degree of filling of 33%, ie a total air content of 230%.

• • fehlender Explosionsschutz durch Zündung mit Sauerstoff O2 unterhalb des Erstarrungspunktes von Klärschlamm,
• • Unterqualifizierung nach der WO 2018/036839 A 1, Fraunhofer;
• • Folgeschäden durch Unterqualifizierung, wie aus der Pyrolyse der KSV Dinkelsbühl bekannt.

Disadvantages,

• • lack of explosion protection due to ignition with oxygen O2 below the solidification point of sewage sludge,
• • Underqualification after WO 2018/036839 A 1, Fraunhofer;
• • Consequential damage through underqualification, as known from the pyrolysis of KSV Dinkelsbühl.

The fact is that the ignition temperatures of sewage sludge occur from 200 °C below the solidification temperatures. Disadvantage: disregard of the solidification temperatures with active ignition and deflagration by recycling after WO 2018/036839 A 1 of liquid material into the feed zone.

1. a) bekannte Folgeschäden durch Unterqualifikation,
2. b) CE Kennzeichnung bei Verpuffung vor dem Beginn der Pyrolyse,
3. c) Folgekosten einer druckfesten Ausführung.

Main disadvantage:

1. a) known consequential damage due to underqualification,
2. b) CE marking in the event of a deflagration before the start of pyrolysis,
3. c) Follow-up costs of a pressure-resistant design.

The invention specified in protection claim 1 on energy generation with task means for oxygen O2, based on the prior art according to WO 2018/036839 , Fraunhofer with a support of the deflagration and after EP 3 166 708 B1 , Climeworks AG and in the decarbonization of biomass using the example of Adliswil with the emission of CO2 - nitrous from the GHG N2O and the immission forecasts over 114 years for N2O in the combustion of biomass and sewage sludge in Werdholzli, the problem is the basis for the treatment of the fumes with CO2 and the separation of the CO2 from the fumes to propose suitable treatment means to allow the extraction of CO2 mixtures with H2O and the separation of the CO2 from the fumes. Another task is the analysis and documentation of the CO2 immission as a footprint, in accordance with TA Luft 2.2.

This problem is solved by the features listed in claim 1, an energy generator with natural gas, a burner for natural gas, feed means for oxygen O2 in the burner and a condenser for flue gases and in particular with an electrolyzer for obtaining hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2.

Advantageous further developments and embodiments of the invention are possible through the measures specified in dependent claims 2-10.

The advantages achieved with the invention of power generators with gas burners consist in feed means for oxygen O2 in the gas burners and in a condenser for flue gases to separate H2O and CO2 from water-containing flue gases at the dew point and to store CO2.

• • Verwendung der O2-Energieüberschüsse aus dem Elektrolyseur,
• • H2O-gas: Nenn-Menge H2O-gas nach • $$\text{CH}4+2\text{ O2}>>\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="CO" filenames="DE202022002612U1\_0002.png" state="{{state}}">CO</figure-callout>}2+2\text{ H2O};$$
  
  (1000 × 36/44) von 820 kg H2O pro 1000 kg CO2, bezogen auf CH4,
• • Desorption von CO2 bei Climeworks AG mit CO2, H2O-gas,
• • 32 t H2O Einsparung pro t CO2 nach der EP 3 166 708 B1 ,
• • Vermeidung der Klima-folgeschäden in Adliswil, Zürich und Lindau (B).

Further advantages of the energy generators with feed means for O2 and condensers are, with CH4 and sewage sludge,

• • use of excess O2 energy from the electrolyser,
• • H2O-gas: Nominal amount of H2O-gas according to • $$\text{CH}4+2\text{O2}>>\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="CO" filenames="DE202022002612U1\_0002.png" state="{{state}}">CO</figure-callout>}2+2\text{H2O};$$
  
  (1000 × 36/44) of 820 kg H2O per 1000 kg CO2, related to CH4,
• • Desorption of CO2 at Climeworks AG with CO2, H2O gas,
• • 32 t H2O savings per t CO2 after EP 3 166 708 B1 ,
• • Avoidance of consequential climate damage in Adliswil, Zurich and Lindau (B).

An advantageous feature of the energy generators consists in a combination with an electrolyser for the production of oxygen O2 and an increase in the surplus (excess) O2 in the H2 technologies. Another advantage: a connection to Jule Verne 1875: "Water is the coal of the future".

• Abkühlung des H2O-gas, auf den Siedepunkt von H2O und Verflüssigung sowie die Verwendung zur Desorption von CO2.

Another advantageous feature of the invention is the waste heat boiler and the recovery of energy from the separation of gaseous H2O and CO2. Advantage: the separation process, namely condensation plus heat recovery. Another advantage:

• Cooling of the H2O gas to the boiling point of H2O and liquefaction and use for desorption of CO2.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 2 protection. The development according to claim 2 makes it possible to provide an electrolyzer for obtaining hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2. This makes it possible to use the by-product oxygen O2 in the amount of 1/2 O2 as an energy carrier in energy generators.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 3 protection. The development according to claim 3 makes it possible to provide a discharge line for hydrogen H2. This makes it possible with an energy generator to use natural gas, CH4, CxHy as energy for the production of hydrogen H2.
Main advantage: Realization with natural gas CH4 and surplus (excess) O2.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 4 protection. The development according to claim 4 makes it possible to provide gas storage for CO2 behind a condenser and a waste heat boiler. This makes it possible to store CO2 in a gas storage tank after the water H2O has been condensed in a condenser. Main advantage: Material separation of H2O liquid and CO2 gaseous and falling below the dew point.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 5 protection. The development according to claim 5 makes it possible to provide a steam boiler. This makes it possible to store energy in the form of condensate.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 6 protection. The development according to claim 6 makes it possible to provide a supply line for electrical energy in the electrolyser. With the supply of electrical energy, it is possible to save energy from wind and solar, in return for using the oxygen O2.Advantage: Gaseous resources CO2, H2O-gas for CO2 desorption.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 7 protection. The development according to claim 7 makes it possible to provide an extraction line for CO2-H2O gases. As a result, it is possible according to the invention to generate gases from H2O gas and CO2 as the operating medium.

Main advantage: replacement of steam generators, saving of material, pressureless at atmospheric pressure.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 8 for protection. The development according to claim 8 makes it possible to provide waste heat boilers for decoupling electrical energy. This makes it possible to generate different types of energy, heat or electricity as required over the course of a day. The main advantage: the range of variation in usable energy.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 9 protection. The development according to claim 9 makes it possible to provide a supply line for fuels CxHy from biomass and sewage sludge. This makes it possible to provide fuels CxHy from biomass and sewage sludge via the supply line. Main advantage: Extraction of CO2 from biomass, avoidance of nitrous oxide N2O.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 10 for protection. The development according to claim 10 makes it possible to provide a drain line for water H2O. This makes it possible to extract water H2O, obtained from natural gas and oxygen O2, in the discharge line. Significant advantage: a feed water for an electrolyser.

• 1 Einen Energieerzeuger mit Erdgas;
• 2 Fußabdruck einer CO2 Abscheidung ohne und mit der Gaserzeugung.

Further advantages of the invention consist in suitable apparatus technology for the gases H2 and O2, generated from the molecular H2O liquid and are shown below for use in the energy generator and with the use of the exhaust gas. Show it:

• 1 An energy generator with natural gas;
• 2 Footprint of a CO2 capture with and without gas generation.

• • das Abgas, CO2 und H2O zur Desorption von CO2 vorgesehen ist;
• • ein Kondensator zur Trennung des Abgases vorgesehen ist;
• • ein Gaskessel 17 als CO2 Speicher vorgesehen ist.

Energy producers with natural gas are in 1 with an electrolyser and the use of oxygen O2 and a condenser for water vapor H2O, integrated in a scheme shown, which consists of a supply line 1 of oxygen O2, a supply line 2 of natural gas, a burner 3 for O2 and natural gas, a waste heat boiler 4 , a steam turbine 5, a generator 6, a power feed 7, a busbar 8 of a power grid, a current transformer 9 for direct current, an electrolyzer 10, feed lines 20 with direct current, a water reservoir 11, a membrane 12 for subdividing a free space 13 for a passage of the Hydrogen H2 and separation of H2 and oxygen O2 in the electrolyser 10, with a discharge line 1 for oxygen O2 and discharge line 14 for hydrogen H2 and for flue gases from CH4 and O2 with a discharge line 15, a sampling line 25 for gases, H2O-gas and CO2 , a quench cooler 16 for separating the water vapor H2O from CO2, a discharge line 19 for H2O and a storage 17 for the remaining amount of CO2 and a supply line 18 optionally for CxHy from biomass is constructed in such a way that

• • the exhaust gas, CO2 and H2O is intended for desorption of CO2;
• • a condenser is provided for separating the exhaust gas;
• • a gas boiler 17 is provided as a CO2 store.

• • Wasser als Energie Speicher der Zukunft, nach Jule Verne 1875;
• • Doppelter Nutzen als H2 und ½ O2;
• • Erzeugung von H2O-gas mit Sauerstoff O2;
• • Erzeugung von Wasser durch Trennung des Abgases;
• • Erzeugung von H2O-gas durch Verbrennen von H2 und ½ O2.

Achieved Benefit:

• • Water as an energy store of the future, according to Jule Verne 1875;
• • Double benefit as H2 and ½ O2;
• • Production of H2O-gas with oxygen O2;
• • Production of water by separating the exhaust gas;
• • Production of H2O gas by burning H2 and ½ O2.

In addition to the representation of the energy generator with natural gas, different designs of the condenser are possible depending on the location and the waste heat, e.g. from sewage sludge, which are not listed in detail. It is important that the gases are separated in the condenser in order to enable the advantages of the invention for decarbonization and for the use of the oxygen O2.

• • Trennung/Gewinnung von H2O aus Erdgas CH4,
• • H2O als Betriebsmittel zur Elektrolyse.

Main advantage:

• • Separation/recovery of H2O from natural gas CH4,
• • H2O as a resource for electrolysis.

Further advantages result from the analysis of the CO2 footprint 2 .

The footprint of the CO2 capture after the EP 3 166 708 B1 , Climeworks is after 2 with and without gas generation for the desorption of CO2 as a circle diagram, which consists of a circle with the circumference 21 for the footprint of the superheated steam charges, from the circle segment 22 for the separation of 1 t CO2 and from the circle segment 23 for the CO2 formation and storage in the generation of the gases CO2, H2O gas for desorption of the CO2 is constructed in such a way that the increase in the CO2 footprint in the CO2 desorption with superheated steam charges is shown as a circle segment 24.

• CO2 Fußabdruck als Immissionsprognose zur TA Luft 2.2,
• Analyse der Klimadefizite und der Unterqualifikationen.

Achieved Benefit:

• CO2 footprint as an immission forecast for TA Luft 2.2,
• Analysis of climate deficits and underqualifications.

Further advantages of the invention compared to the prior art are described in examples: CO2 capture - CarbonCapture - at Swiss Re with injection of steam batches after the EP 3 166 708 986 B1 , in a molar ratio of 40:1, as follows: CO2 - 1000kg = 1000/44 22.72 MOLE CO2 Nominal amount of steam: fresh water, 16,350 kg of steam a) for steam generation 16.35 t H2O b) for condensation in the cooling tower approx 16.00t H2O Nominal amount of fresh water 32.35 t H2O/ t CO2 Equipment, superheated steam 170ºC Energy demand/efficiency 170ºC i - enthalpy on (170 °C) 672.5 calories/kg i - enthalpy from - 100 °C 639.1 calories/kg (delta-)i used 33.4 calories/kg I, at 75% efficiency 672.5 / 0.75 896.6 calories/kg Rated efficiency 33.4/896.6×100 3.7% ACTUAL consumption 16,350 × 890.6 14,659,410 calories CO2 footprint of steam requirements: Heat of formation, E. Schmidt Gl. (224) 97,200 calories/CO2 Footprint 14,659,410 × 44/97200 6,636kg Achieved advantage: Immission forecasts according to TA Luft of the carbon footprint of 6.63 tons of CO2, the nominal efficiency of with an energy requirement of 3.7% 33.4×16,350 546,090 calories. Energy producer with natural gas CH4 CO2, H2O calorific value Eq. 225 E. Schmidt 212,400 calories Input: 16kg CH4 + 64kg >> 44 kg CO2 + 36 kg H2O Energy requirement 649,090 kcal / t CO2 Nominal energy at CH4 649,090 / 212,400 3.05CH3 Nominal amount 3.05 × 22.41 68.5 Nm3 / t CO2 CO2 amount stored 3.05 × 44 134.2kg CO2 /1CO2 Lower calorific value 212,400 - 36 × 539 = 192,996 calories 649,090 / 192,996 = 3.36 CH4 / t CO2 combustion temperature CO2 × 15.12 cp 15.12 kcal/MOL*, °C 2 H2O × 13.46 cp 26.92 kcal/MOI*, °C Total qw / °C 42.04 kcal/°C Cooling to zero, 192,996 / 42.04 4,590°C *) related to 3,000 °C Achieved advantage of the invention: Saving of the steam generator H2O gas up to max 4,590°C Footprint reduction, net 1,000 kg of CO2 Example of sewage sludge with safety-relevant recycling Composition: Source Kyoto SULZER/Chugai Ro Determination in wet sludge / kg TS loss on ignition 65.7% C wt. % 33.0% H2 weight % 5.1% Calorific value - kcal 3,900 calories/kg Calorific value, after drying 3,810 calories/kg drying concept container dryer Heat pump at 40 °C with compression refrigeration Average energy requirement approx 20 kWh/ PE a ^-1

Volatile C above freezing point At 3,900 kcal/kg 33.0% TS amount 70,000 ta ^-1 C total 70,000 × 0.33 23,100t Ca- ¹ CO2 capture with 02: 23,100 × 44/12 84,700 t CO2 a ^-1 Achieved safety from deflagration Approach: warming around 300ºC Temperature in the output material 300ºC proportion of air, approach 0.5kg/m3 oxygen approx approach 0.1kg Heating up by 300 °C: 0.5kg × 0.2cp × 300deg. 30 calories Heat of formation with C+1/202 67,850 calories Heat release per m3 2×67,850/32O2×0.1 427 calories pressure rise, at 427 calories 427 kcal / 30 kcal by factor 14.2

• a) Starke Ausbreitung der Verpuffung mit Überhitzung zu einem Schaden mit Ausglühen der Rohrleitungen, wie im Falle KVA Dinkelsbühl, geschehen. Hersteller. Steinbeiß, Eisenmann.
• b) Einsparpotentials von 85.000 t CO2 a^-1 sowie für den CO2-n Footprint.

Beispiel 2: Firmensitz Adliswil Immissionsprognose Ansatz für NH3 in TS, Klärschlamm 1 % (DIN-wert, Lindau) 1,45 % 0,058 kg * 0,01 NH3 * 365 d/a * 44/17 N2O * 300-fach Nenn-Menge, spez. 164 kg CO2 - n /EW, a^-1 EW-Einwohner 40.000 * 164/1.000 6.560 Mg CO2-n Merkmal: langzeit-stabil / 114 Jahre / im Ozonloch Der aktualisierte Klima- und Folgeschaden: Immission ab 2019 6.560 Mg CO2-n Immission ab 2020: 6.560 + 6.560 13.120 Mg CO2-n Immission ab 2021: 13.120 + 6.560 19.680 Mg CO2-n Aktuelle Immission 19.680 + 6.560 26.240 Mg CO2-n Die Folgeschäden bis 2136 114 Jahre Im Aufpunkt, dem Ozonloch (point of emission) 26.240 Mg * 114/2 CO2-nitrous 1.495.680 Mg CO2-n  • Fußabdruck nach TA Luft 2.2 1,495 Gigaton CO2-n Outcome of underqualification and proof of

• a) Strong propagation of the deflagration with overheating leading to damage with annealing of the pipelines, as in the case of the Dinkelsbühl incineration plant. Manufacturer. Steinbeiss, Eisenmann.
• b) savings potential of 85,000 t CO2 a ^-1 as well as for the CO2-n footprint.

Example 2: Company headquarters in Adliswil immission forecast Approach for NH3 in TS, sewage sludge 1 % (DIN value, Lindau) 1.45% 0.058kg * 0.01NH3 * 365d/a * 44/17N2O * 300x Nominal quantity, spec. 164 kg CO2 - n /PE, a ^-1 EW inhabitants 40,000 * 164/1,000 6,560 Mg CO2-n Feature: long-term stability / 114 years / in the ozone hole The updated climate and consequential damage: Immission from 2019 6,560 Mg CO2-n Immission from 2020: 6,560 + 6,560 13,120 Mg CO2-n Immission from 2021: 13,120 + 6,560 19,680 Mg CO2-n Current immission 19,680 + 6,560 26,240 Mg CO2-n The consequential damage until 2136 114 years In the focal point, the ozone hole (point of emission) 26,240 mg * 114/2 CO2 nitrous 1,495,680 Mg CO2-n • Footprint according to TA Luft 2.2 1.495 Gigaton CO2-n

Reference List

1

Feeding means, supply line for O2, discharge line for...

2

supply line for natural gas

3

Burners for natural gas, gases from biomass

4

waste heat boiler

5

steam turbine

6

generator

7

Power supply, supply line for

8th

conductor rail, network

9

Current transformer, direct current

10

electrolyser

11

water template

12

Membrane for H2

13

free space

14

vent line for H2, sampling

15

Flue gas evacuation duct H2

16

Quench cooler, condenser

17

Gas storage for CO2

18

Supply of CxHy from biomass

19

H2O vent line

20

Power lines with direct current

21

Area of a circle, perimeter of the area of a circle

22

Circle segment of 1 t CO2

23

Pie segment of stored CO2

24

Pie segment of the elevated footprint

25

Sampling line for CO2/H2O gas.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 3166708 B1 [0009, 0011, 0016, 0020, 0039]
• EP 3166708 A1 [0010]
• WO 2018/036839 A [0012, 0013, 0014]
• WO 2018/036839 [0016]
• EP 3166708986 B1 [0041]

Claims (10)

Energy producer with natural gas, where - burners (3) are intended for natural gas, - Feeding means (1) for oxygen O2 in the burners (3) - And a condenser (16) are provided for flue gases. Energy generator according to the above protection claim 1 , wherein an electrolyzer (10) for the production of hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 is provided. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein a removal line (14) for hydrogen H2 is provided. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein a gas store (17) for CO2 and a waste heat boiler (4) are provided. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein a steam boiler is provided. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein a supply line (7) for electrical energy is provided in the electrolyser (10). Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein an extraction line (25) for CO2-H2O gases is provided. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein the waste heat boiler (4) is provided for the extraction of electrical energy. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein a supply line (18) for fuels CxHy from biomass and sewage sludge is provided. Energy generator according to one of the preceding protection claims, wherein a discharge line (19) for water H2O is provided.

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