DE202022001528U1 - Supply system for plants and mushroom cultures from renewable raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Supply system for plant and fungal cultures from renewable raw materials consisting of proportionate bast fibres, leaf fibres, seaweed, coconut peas, seed fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers and their fabrics and production waste materials such as nonwovens, card slivers, fiber dust from the air filter systems, short fibers or shives, characterized as a light, energy-saving supply system with water-storing / - Conductive, root-penetrating and weed-suppressing properties in a variable multi-layer or mixed arrangement, placed on a fully, partially or waterproof overlay.

Description

It is known that supply systems for the cultivation of plant and fungal cultures of all kinds outdoors or in greenhouses are also used in households.

Soil cultures with plant components are used to loosen the soil and counteract excessive soil compaction. Synthetic ground cover films are used for early harvesting and weed suppression, which have the disadvantage of later disposal.

All known soil-based or hydroponic supply systems for cultivating plant/fungus cultures often have the disadvantage of a relatively high material weight, low oxygen supply to the root system of the plants, limitations in the use of vertical supply techniques in particular, and high material and disposal costs.

Soilless and weight-saving supply techniques are known in the literature which use absorbent materials to supply crop plants. For example, in the Inter. CL.A01 G27/00 proposed a multi-layered non-woven material which is not biodegradable.

the DD 299 993 proposes a hydroponic system for plant rearing/cultivation, in which a lightest overall system, consisting of synthetic cover and underbody foil and a middle root-through synthetic non-woven fabric, is used. A complete environmentally friendly disposal of the supply system is not possible.

When growing young plants, it is known that glass fiber mats, capillary mats or other multi-layer supply systems are also used to supply the plant cultures. The necessary air holding capacity for root supply is not always optimal and subsequent disposal involves a great deal of work.

The maintenance of such hydroponic systems is associated with high costs. It is often impossible to do without proportionate synthetic input materials in the supply system.

Aim of the invention

The aim of the invention is to find a supply system for cultivating and rearing plant and fungal cultures, which consists of natural materials, in particular of plant origin, and is a light, environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative to known hydroponic or earth-bound supply techniques. When used outdoors, under glass or in the garden and household, synthetic cover materials such as cover films or nonwovens should be avoided. Criteria such as weed suppression, early harvest, mulch properties and a good supply of oxygen and nutrients to the roots should be taken into account.

Presentation of the essence of the invention

The invention is based on the object of finding a supply system for the cultivation and rearing of plant and fungal cultures, which consists of natural substances and in its embodiment is a light, cost-effective alternative to known earth-bound or hydroponic supply systems.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that renewable raw materials such as bast fibers, leaf fibers, seaweed, seed fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers and their fabrics, but in particular their production waste materials such as air filter dust, shives, short fibers, edge trimmings and card slivers, to one - / or multi-layer, light, variably arrangeable and inexpensive embodiments are used.

A determining but not exclusive feature of the invention is the utilization of production waste materials from hemp fiber/area production and their multi-layer arrangement.

• - Materialauswahl der mehrteiligen schichtenartigen Anordnungen
• - Suerstoffversorgung des Wurzelsystems,
• - Wasser- und Nährstoffspeichervermögen
• - Wasser- und Nährstoffverteilvermögen
• - Isolationsvermögen der Außenlagen gegen Kälte und Hitze
• - Ernteverfrühung
• - Unkrautunterdrückung
• - mikroklimaschaffende und wachtumsfördernde Versorgungsschichten
• - Feuchtigskeitsrückhaltevermögen,
• - Flexibilität
• - kostengünstige Ausführung
• - Bepflanzungsart
• - integriertes Saatgut im Versorgungssystem
• - Art der Versorgung mit Wasser und Nährstoffen
• - Anwendung in Haushalt, Garten, Gewächshausern oder Freiland

The respective plant/fungus culture and its influencing criteria such as:

• - Material selection of the multi-part layered arrangements
• - oxygenation of the root system,
• - Water and nutrient storage capacity
• - Water and nutrient distribution capacity
• - Insulating ability of the outer layers against cold and heat
• - Earlier harvest
• - Weed suppression
• - microclimate-creating and growth-promoting supply layers
• - moisture retention capacity,
• - Flexibility
• - economical design
• - type of planting
• - integrated seeds in the supply system
• - Type of water and nutrient supply
• - Use in the home, garden, greenhouse or outdoors

• A 1 - untere Aufnahmefläche für das Versorgungssystem: Nadelvliesstoff /Naturdämmmatte oder Spunlacevliesstoff mit ca 2-5mm Dicke aus der Hanffaser - / und Flächenproduktion als Produktionsabfallkomponente ausgewiesen.
• A 2 - untere Aufnahmefläche für das Versorgungssystem, alternativ zu A 1 Hanfschäben als Abfallprodukt der Hanffaser-/ Nadelvliesstoffherstellung mit einer Schichtdicke von ca 5mm - 30mm, lose auf den Untergrund aufgestreut, mit isolierender Wirkung auf frostigen Böden,
• A3 - Äußere Aufnahmefläche für das Versorgungssystem, alternativ zu A 2 Zur Aufnahme des Versorgungssystems für Pflanzen oder Pilzkulturen wird Seegras zur flechtartigen oder gewebeartigen offenporigen Aufnahmefläche / Aufnahmeformkörper verflochten und das Versorgungssystem aus anteiligen Abfallmaterialien der Hanffaserproduktion in Form von durchwurzelbaren, feuchtigkeitsspeichernden Kurzfasern Kardenbändern innenliegend platziert. Nach Einpflanzen der jeweiligen Pflanzen-/ Pilzkultur durch die offenporige Seegrasaufnahmefläche des Aufnahmeformkörpers oder aber des innenlagig eingebrachten Saatgutes erfolgt durch Angießen oder Besprühen mit Flüssigkeit die Aktivierung des Versorgungssystems. Der Formkörper aus Seegras kann in beliebiger, vorteilhaft in kugelförmiger Ausführung erfolgen und ist besonders für vertikale Anwendungstechniken geeignet. Vorteile wie die Verbesserung des Raumklimas durch Kohlendioxid aufnehmende Pflanzenarten, aber auch die Eignung für fast alle Pflanzen- und Pilzkulturen sind möglich.
• A 4- Äußere Aufnahmefläche / Aufnahmeformköper für das Versorgungssystem, alternativ zu A 1, A 2, A 3. Die Aufnahme des nativen Versorgungssystems erfolgt durch variabel gestaltbare Formköper aus Hanffaservliesstoffen der Spunlace-Produktion. Durch die Einwirkung von unter Druck stehendenWasserstrahlen auf das Vlies wird die Verfestigung zum Vliesstoff erzielt. Der so verfestigte Vliesstoff wird anschließend nicht vollständig getrocknet sondern mit einer Restfeuchte von ca 5% - 40% unter Druckeinwirkung nach bekannten Press- / und Formtechniken zur Aufnahmevorrichtung gestaltet. Die Vliesstoffmaterialien können zusätzlich anteilige Abfallmaterialien der Hanffaser-/ Flächenproduktion in Form von Kurzfasern, Hanfschäben oder Filterstäuben enthalten. Je nach Anforderung kann der Aufnahmeformkörper durchwurzelbar, wasserdurchlässig oder wasserundurchlässig ausgelegt werden.
• B 1- Versorgungssystemunterlage:
  • Naturdämmfasern aus Hanf, lose aufgelegt in variabler Dicke und
  • Dimensionierung, vorteilhaft ca 20mm - 50mm Schichtdicke, Breite je nach
  • Aufnahmefläche / - körper, durchwurzelbar und flächenisolierend.
• B 2 - Versorgungssystemunterlage: alternativ zu B 1 Naturdämmwolle aus Hanf, lose aufgelegt, durchwurzelbar, gute Versorgung der Wurzeln mit Sauerstoff, Schichtdicke ca. 20mm - 50mm
• B 3- Versorgungssystemunterlage, alternativ zu B 1/ B 2 Hanfkurzfasern aus der Hanffaser / -flächenproduktion, lose aufgelegt, Faserlängen ca 10mm - 50mm, Schichtdicke ca 20mm -50mm, durchwurzelbar und ein hohes hohes Wasserspeichervermögen.
• B 4 - Versorgungssystemunterlage / - auflage, alternativ zu A1 als Auflagefläche Spunlacevliesstoff aus Hanffasern, Vliesdicke ca 1mm - 3mm, Flächengewicht ca. 300g/m² - 800g/m², zur Aufnahme und umweltfreundlichen Entsorgung des Gesamtversorgungssystems ,durch einfaches Aufrollen aller am beteiligten Materialkomponenten, geeignet.
• C 1- Versorgungssystemmittellage:
  • Hanffaserkardenbänder als Endlosfaserbündel lose und nebeneinander oder
  • flächenüberdeckend auf die Versorgungssystemunterlage aufgelegt,
  • Kardenbandbreiten ca. 10mm - 150mm, Kardenbanddicke ca 5mm - 50mm, hohes Wasser- und Nährstoffverteilvermögen, durchwurzelbar,
• C 2- Versorgungssystemmittellage, alternativ zu C 1 Spunlacevliesstoff aus Celluloseregeneratfasern als Produktionsabfall ausgewiesen, Flächengewicht ca 50g/m² - 500g/m², Materialdicke ca. 1mm - 3mm, Streifenreißkraft ca 10N - 150N, Flüssigkeitsspeicherkapazität ca. 0,91/m² - 3,81/m², Wassertransportvermögen ca. 25g/mm - 100g/mm, luftdurchlässig und durchwurzelbar.
• C 3- Versorgungssystemmittellage, alternativ oder zusätzlich zu C 1 oder C 2, Kokospeat und Kurzfasern, als Abfallproduktion der Kokosnussaußenschale, aufgestreut auf die Versorgungssystemunterlage in einer Dicke von ca 10mm -50mm, mit hohem Wasser-/ Nährstoff speichervermögen. Es werden die vorhandenen Wirkstoffe in Form von Fetten wie Auxine, Zytokinine oder Gibbereline als wachstumsförderne Komponenten genutzt.
• C 4- Versorgungssystemmittellage bestehend aus anteiligen, pelletartigen verpressten Formkörper aus Abfallmaterialien der Hanfffaser-/ flächenproduktion, die aus variablen Materialanteilen von Filterstaub, Kurzfasern, Hanffaserschäben bestehen und als hohraumschaffende, systemauflockernde Presslinge im Versorgungssystem eingestreut sind.
• D 1- Versorgungssystemdecklage:
  • bestehend aus 100% Hanffilterstaub aus der Hanffaser-/flächenproduktion. Dieser wird als anfallender Filterstaubabfall zu 10% - 50% anteilig in Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit verteilt und als Suspension auf die Mittellage des Versorgungssystems aufgegossen oder aufgesprüht. Nach dem Durchdringen der Flüssigkeit auf die Mittelschicht bildet sich eine obere mikroklimaschaffende, unkrautunterdrückende, in sich verfestigte aber flexible, sauerstoff- und wasserdurchlässige,feuchtigkeitsrückhaltende Deckschicht, welche sich sehr gut auf vorhandene Ungleichmäßigkeiten der darunterliegenden Materialschicht anpasst. Die Versorgungssystemdeckschicht ist eine Alternative zu synthetischen Abdeckfolien oder nativen Abdeckmaterialien, die teilweise oberflächlich von Wettereinflüssen wie Wind, Frost, Hagel in ihrer Anordnung / Deckungsgrad negativ beeinflusst werden. Die Abdeckschicht kann auch separat außerhalb des Versorgungssystems für hydroponischen oder erdhaltigen Anwendungstechniken zum Einsatz gelangen.
• D 2- Versorgungssystemdecklage als Alternative zu D1 Die Decklage besteht aus einer Materialmischung von Hanffaserschäben und Filterstaub, die vorab in variablen Anteilen mit bis zu 90% Wasser gemischt wurden. Diese Suspension wird auf die Mittelschicht des Versorgungssystems aufgegossen oder aufgesprüht. Die verbleibende oberflächliche Deckschicht wirkt als ein selbst abdichtendes System, welches sich dem Wachstum der Pflanzen- / Pilzkulturen anpasst. Die unter der Deckschicht liegende Mittelschicht wird fast vollständig abgedeckt, so dass die Feuchtigkeit unter der Deckschicht längerfristig verbleibt. Die Anwendung erfolgt wie in D1 beschrieben.
• D 3 -Versorgungssystemdecklage, alternativ zu D2 Die Deckschicht besteht Hanffaserschäben, die mit einer Schichtdicke von ca 3mm - 5mm auf die Mittelschicht aufgestreut wurden
• E 1-Versorgungssystem Versorgungssystem mit integrierten Presslingen / Pellets, die aus einer Materialmischung von Hanfkurzfasern, Hanfschäben und oder Hanffaserstäuben nach bekannten Technologien der Pelletherstellung gefertigt sind. Die Pellets werden zwischen den Materialschichten des Versorgungssystem, als wurzelstabilisierende und hohlraumschaffende Komponenten, eingestreut.
• E 2 Versorgungseinrichtung aus seilartig geflochtenen Kardenbändern der Hanffaser-/ Flächenproduktion, durchwurzelbar, mit integrierten Saatgut auch für Neubepflanzung geeignet. Richtungsunabhängige Anwendungsformen sind möglich. Eine verbesserte Flüssigkeitsverteilung und /- speicherung wurde durch die zusätzliche Integrierung eines Celluloseregeneratfaser - Spunlace - Vliesstoffstreifens sowie alternativ eines Hanffaser - Spunlace - Vliesstoffstreifens oder aber eines Hanffaser - Nadelvliesstoff - Streifens mit einer Breite von ca 3mm-10mm und einem variablen Flächengewicht von ca 50 g/m² - 300g/m² erzielt. Ein oberflächliches Besprühen dieser seilförmigen Ausgestaltung mit einer Suspension aus Hanffaserfilterstaub/Hanfkurzfasern/ Saatgut und Wasser wurde in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung erfolgreich durchgeführt.
• E 3- Versorgungssytem mit ausgewählten variabel einsetzbaren, anteiligen Materialkomponenten, welche über die bekannte Vernadelungstechnologie oder Wasserstrahlverfestigungstechnologie zu einem einschichtigen Versorgungssystemvliesstoff verfestigt wurden und als Vegetationsmatte für leichte Anwendungsbereiche der Dach-/ Wandbegrünung geeignet ist. Dieses Versorgungssystem wird als spätere verbleibende Mulchfläche und einer darüber neu gestaltbaren Bepflanzung genutzt.

Materials used and embodiments of the supply system

• A 1 - lower receiving surface for the supply system: Needle fleece / natural insulating mat or spunlace fleece with a thickness of approx. 2-5mm from the hemp fiber - / and surface production reported as production waste component.
• A 2 - lower receiving surface for the supply system, alternative to A 1 hemp shives as a waste product of hemp fiber / needle fleece production with a layer thickness of approx. 5mm - 30mm, scattered loosely on the subsoil, with insulating effect on frosty soils
• A3 - External receiving surface for the supply system, alternative to A 2 To receive the supply system for plants or fungal cultures, seaweed is woven into a wicker-like or tissue-like open-pored receiving surface/shaped receiving body and the supply system made from proportionate waste materials from hemp fiber production in the form of root-penetrable, moisture-storing short fiber card slivers is placed on the inside. After planting the respective plant/fungus culture through the open-pored seaweed receiving surface of the shaped receiving body or the seed introduced on the inside, the supply system is activated by pouring or spraying with liquid. The shaped body made of seagrass can be made in any shape, advantageously in a spherical shape, and is particularly suitable for vertical application techniques. Advantages such as the improvement of the room climate through carbon dioxide absorbing plant species, but also the suitability for almost all plant and fungal cultures are possible.
• A 4- Outer receiving surface / molded body for the supply system, alternative to A 1, A 2, A 3. The native supply system is accommodated by variably designed molded bodies made of hemp fiber nonwovens from spunlace production. The action of pressurized water jets on the nonwoven achieves the bonding to form the nonwoven. The non-woven fabric solidified in this way is then not completely dried but formed into a receiving device with a residual moisture content of approx. 5% - 40% under the influence of pressure according to known pressing and shaping techniques. The nonwoven materials can also contain proportionate waste materials from hemp fiber/surface production in the form of short fibers, hemp shives or filter dust. Depending on the requirement, the receiving shaped body can be designed to be root-through, water-permeable or water-impermeable.
• B 1- Supply system document:
  • Natural insulating fibers made from hemp, loosely laid in variable thicknesses and
  • Dimensioning, advantageously about 20mm - 50mm layer thickness, width depending on
  • Recording surface / body, root-through and surface-isolating.
• B 2 - supply system underlay: alternative to B 1 natural insulating wool made of hemp, laid loosely, rootable, good supply of oxygen to the roots, layer thickness approx. 20mm - 50mm
• B 3- supply system underlay, alternative to B 1/ B 2 short hemp fibers from the hemp fiber/area production, laid loosely, fiber lengths approx. 10mm - 50mm, layer thickness approx. 20mm -50mm, root-through and high water storage capacity.
• B 4 - supply system underlay / support, alternative to A1 as a support surface spunlace nonwoven fabric made of hemp fibers, fleece thickness approx. 1mm - 3mm, basis weight approx. 300g/m ² - 800g/m ² , for receiving and environmentally friendly disposal of the entire supply system, by simply rolling up all those involved Material components, suitable.
• C 1- central supply system position:
  • Hemp fiber card slivers as endless fiber bundles loose and next to each other or
  • applied to the supply system base covering the entire area,
  • Card sliver widths approx. 10mm - 150mm, card sliver thickness approx. 5mm - 50mm, high water and nutrient distribution capacity, rootable,
• C 2 supply system middle layer, alternative to C 1 spunlace non-woven fabric made from regenerated cellulose fibers, reported as production waste, basis weight approx. 50g/m ² - 500g/m ² , material thickness approx. 1mm - 3mm, tear strength approx. 10N - 150N, liquid storage capacity approx. 0.91/m ² - 3.81/m ² , water transport capacity approx. 25g/mm - 100g/mm, permeable to air and root-penetrating.
• C 3 supply system middle layer, alternatively or in addition to C 1 or C 2, coconut pea and short fibers, as waste production of the coconut outer shell, spread on the supply system base in a thickness of approx. 10mm -50mm, with high water/nutrient storage capacity. The existing active ingredients in the form of fats such as auxins, cytokinins or gibberelins are used as growth-promoting components.
• C 4- Supply system middle layer consisting of proportionate, pellet-like pressed moldings from waste materials from hemp fiber / surface production, which consist of variable material proportions of filter dust, short fibers, hemp fiber shives and are scattered as cavity-creating, system-loosening compacts in the supply system.
• D 1- Supply system top layer:
  • consisting of 100% hemp filter dust from hemp fiber/surface production. 10% - 50% of this is distributed as filter dust waste in water or another liquid and poured or sprayed onto the middle layer of the supply system as a suspension. After the liquid has penetrated the middle layer, an upper microclimate-creating, weed-suppressing, solidified but flexible, oxygen- and water-permeable, moisture-retaining top layer is formed, which adapts very well to existing irregularities in the underlying material layer. The supply system cover layer is an alternative to synthetic cover foils or native cover materials, some of which are negatively influenced on the surface by weather influences such as wind, frost, hail in their arrangement / degree of coverage. The cover layer can also be used separately outside of the supply system for hydroponic or soil application techniques.
• D 2- Supply system top layer as an alternative to D1 The top layer consists of a material mixture of hemp fiber shives and filter dust, which were previously mixed in variable proportions with up to 90% water. This suspension is poured or sprayed onto the middle layer of the supply system. The remaining superficial top layer acts as a self-sealing system that adapts to the growth of plant/fungus cultures. The middle layer underneath the top layer is almost completely covered, so that the moisture under the top layer remains for a long time. The application is as described in D1.
• D 3 supply system top layer, alternative to D2 The top layer consists of hemp fiber shives, which were scattered on the middle layer with a layer thickness of approx. 3mm - 5mm
• E 1 supply system Supply system with integrated compacts / pellets made from a material mixture of short hemp fibres, hemp shives and/or hemp fiber dust using well-known pellet production technologies. The pellets are scattered between the material layers of the supply system as root-stabilizing and cavity-creating components.
• E 2 supply device made of rope-like braided card slivers from hemp fiber/area production, rootable, with integrated seed also suitable for new planting. Non-directional applications are possible. An improved liquid distribution and / storage was achieved through the additional integration of a regenerated cellulose fiber - spunlace - nonwoven fabric strip and alternatively a hemp fiber - spunlace - nonwoven fabric strip or a hemp fiber - needle nonwoven fabric strip with a width of approx. 3mm-10mm and a variable basis weight of approx. 50 g /m ² - 300g/m ² achieved. A superficial spraying of this rope-like configuration with a suspension of hemp fiber filter dust/short hemp fibers/seeds and water was successfully carried out in a further configuration.
• E 3- Supply system with selected, variably usable, proportionate material components, which have been consolidated using the well-known needling technology or water-jet bonding technology to form a single-layer supply system non-woven fabric and is suitable as a vegetation mat for light roof/wall greening applications. This supply system will be used later as a remaining mulch area and a planting that can be redesigned over it.

It has been shown that the supply system according to the invention made from renewable raw materials is suitable for the cultivation of plant and fungal cultures in an advantageous combination of materials as a light and cost-effective system. In addition, the individual areas integrated in the supply system can also be used externally for soil or hydroponic processes. The native materials used can be integrated into the supply system as pressed moldings such as pellets.

Almost all materials used are identified as waste materials from nonwoven production. Other advantages of the supply system are the weight-reduced designs, low purchase and maintenance costs, as well as environmentally friendly disposal or continued use as a mulch area for new planting.

exemplary embodiments

example 1

A hemp fiber needle fleece with a thickness of approx. 3 mm and a basis weight of approx. 400 g/m ² is used as a base for the supply system.

The supply system is based on waste materials from the hemp fiber/surface production of a needle punching nonwoven plant. The upper cover layer consists of a mixture of approx. 50% short hemp fibers with 10mm - 30mm fiber length and approx. 50% fiber dusts, which were taken from the air filter systems of the production plant. These material components were previously mixed in 80% water and poured as a suspension onto a middle layer of material consisting of hemp card slivers from needle felt production.

After the liquid has been poured on and penetrated into the middle layer of material, a matted, porous top layer with a voluminous layer thickness of approx. 1mm-5mm remains on the supply system, which is air and water permeable, flexible and weed suppressing.

Microclimate-creating cavities could be detected under the top layer, which lead to faster growth of the plant/fungus cultures.

The middle material layer made of card slivers, identified as hemp fiber waste material, was cut with a material thickness of approx. 5 mm as an endless belt in a length of 5 m and placed parallel and partially covered with a width of 80 cm as a liquid-conducting material layer in the supply system on an underlying layer consisting of short hemp fibers.

The short hemp fibers have fiber lengths of approx. 3mm - 25mm and act as a root-stabilizing and liquid-storing layer of material with a layer thickness of approx. 20mm.

A hemp fiber needle non-woven fabric, which is designated as waste material, with a thickness of 3 mm and a basis weight of approx. 400 g/m ² acts to accommodate the supply system. In the supply system, lettuce plants were planted in a row and one behind the other at a distance of about 50mm. The necessary planting openings were easily secured manually.

figure 1

example 2

According to the supply system structure of Example 1, seeds from ornamental plants of the Borisito variety were scattered onto the middle layer of material and poured on with a suspension of 90% water, 5% hemp fiber dust and 5% short hemp fibers. An additional thin layer of hemp shives spread over the middle layer ensures good moisture retention. It was possible to demonstrate that the germinated seeds grew through the porous covering layer and that growth was good.

Figures 11+12

Example 3

In another embodiment, a material component mixture of approx. 70% water, 15% short fibers and 15% filter dust, which is identified as waste material, was used as the top layer that can be poured on.
The further structure of the supply system corresponds to that mentioned in example 2. Despite a denser and more solid top layer of the supply system, it was able to be penetrated by the seed that had risen to the middle layer.

Figures 14+ 16

example 4

A suitable supply system for fungi of the genus limonene fungi could be realized by the subsequent arrangement of the material layers used in the system. A material composition of waste materials from hemp fiber/surface production of approx. 10% air filter dust, 10% hemp shives and 10% short fibers was selected as the top layer, which was dissolved in approx. 70% water and poured as a suspension onto the middle layer below.

The middle layer consists of 60% hemp shives, 20% short fibers and 20% proportioned coconut peas, which as loose layers with a total thickness of approx. 30mm - 55mm contain the mushroom spawn.

The lower voluminous material layer consists of a loose hemp fiber wool layer with a thickness of approx. 50mm.

A hydroentangled hemp fiber non-woven fabric from the spunlace non-woven fabric production was chosen as a partially water-permeable underlay.

Example 5

In a further embodiment according to the material arrangement in Example 4, oyster mushrooms are used as a ready-made culture in the middle layer and partially below the material layer as a substrate block. The microclimate-creating cover layer promotes rapid growth.

Example 6

• Flächengewicht: 120g/m²
• Materialdicke: 2mm
• Flüssigkeitsspeicherkapazität: 2,51/m²
• Wassertransportvermögen: 40mm
• Streifenreißkraft : 70 N

In addition to the material components used in Example 2, a supply system contains a liquid-storing and conducting material arranged under the middle layer in the nature of a root-penetrable, water-jet-bonded regenerated cellulose fiber non-woven fabric. The defining characteristics of the regenerated cellulose nonwoven are:

• Weight per unit area: 120g/ ^m2
• Material thickness: 2mm
• Liquid storage capacity: 2.51/m ²
• Water transport capacity: 40mm
• Strip tearing force: 70 N

Figures 13 + 15 + 17

Example 7

According to E 3 of the supply system shown in the presentation of the essence of the invention, the variably arrangeable material components are used as a single-layer supply system in the form of a nonwoven fabric, which is reinforced in layers by known needling technologies and is used as a very light vegetation mat / green roof mat.

• - ca, 50% Hanfkurzfaser als flüssigkeitsspeichernde und -verteilende Materialkomponente
• - ca. 50% Dämmwollfasern als wurzelstabilisierende Materialkomponente Die Gesamtdicke der Vegetationsmatte beträgt ca. 10mm bei einem Flächengewicht von ca. 600g/m².

The proportionate material components reported as waste are as follows:

• - Approx. 50% short hemp fiber as a liquid-storing and -distributing material component
• - Approx. 50% insulating wool fibers as a root-stabilizing material component. The total thickness of the vegetation mat is approx. 10mm with a basis weight of approx. 600g/m ² .

figure 4

example 8

A supply system as shown in Example 7 is fed to a water jet bonding system and bonded after the material components have been slightly pre-needled. This stabilized embodiment has a thickness of about 3mm - 8mm.

Pre-cultivation with integrated grass seeds, which have already been placed in the non-woven fabric during the hydro-entanglement process, enables the plant culture to be cultivated quickly.

example 9

Supply system according to E 2

Hemp card slivers designated as production waste are brought together several times and woven into a rope-like, linear, endlessly definable structure. 5 card slivers each with a width of approx. 50mm and a thickness of approx. 10mm with proportionate individual fibers of approx. 400 -500/card sliver are braided or twisted into a linear overall strand.

The linear, very light supply system has a total thickness of approx. 350g/ldm. Parsley seed was integrated into the production process and the germination process stimulated by spraying the cable-like supply system. The application is direction independent. The roots of the seedlings partially intertwined around the hemp fibers of the card slivers and compacted the overall supply system. It is assumed that depending on the type of seed or the plant culture introduced into the rope-like, linear supply system body from the outside with stronger root development, the properties of liquid distribution / storage are strengthened and the supply system is given greater strength.

figure 9

Example 10

Supply system according to E 1

The identified individual material components were mixed in a mixing ratio of 60% short hemp fibers, 20% hemp shives and 20% filter dust and fed to a commercially available perforated cylinder press. The press nozzle located on the press head determined the cylindrical shape of the pellets with the achieved diameter of 5mm and a length of 15mm.

Example 11

Supply system according to A 3

The outer receiving surface for the supply system consists of sea grass. The freshly harvested seaweed used was split by hand into approx. 5mm wide strands and, after drying, made into netzarti intertwined into bodies. The chosen shape of the braided body is spherical, open at the top with a diameter of approx. 100mm - 200mm. The interweaving of the seaweeds takes into account a lattice-like form, therefore spacing openings between the seaweed blades of approx. 5mm - 10mm, so that the kitchen herbs can also grow through the receptacle body laterally. The supply system was arranged on the inside of the seagrass body with a root-through system receiving surface in the form of a hydro-jet-bonded regenerated cellulose fiber fleece. The layered arrangement consists of 40% hemp fibers, a middle layer of 40% short hemp fibers and a top layer of 20% hemp shives.

The supply system was activated by spraying it with a suspension containing nutrients.

figure 7

Reference List

(1) D 1 Air filter dust/short hemp fibers supply system top layer (2) C 1 Hemp fiber card slivers / production waste supply system central position (3) B 1 Natural insulation fibers hemp / production waste supply system document (4) A 1 Needled nonwoven hemp / production waste supply system requirement (5) D 2 hemp shives/filter dust utility system top layer (6) B 2 natural insulating fibers hemp Central position supply system (7) C 2 regenerated cellulose fiber spunlace nonwoven fabric supply system central position (8th) A 2 hemp shives supply system document (9) D 2 hemp shives/filter dust utility system top layer (10) F1 seed liner (11) B 3 short hemp fibers supply system middle class (12) C 2 Regenerated cellulose fiber - spunlace nonwoven supply system underlayer (13) E 3 short hemp fibers/insulating wool fibers single-layer mat Supply system according to (14) C 4 hemp pellets supply system interlayer (15) C 3 card slivers twisted several times rope-like design (16) A 3 seagrass intertwined Outer shell / receiving device (17) V 1 hemp fiber card slivers with seeds cable-like configuration horizontal and vertical application (18) V 2 hemp fiber card slivers/spunlace nonwoven fabric strips/seeds twisted like a rope, horizontal / vertical application (19) V 3 hemp fiber card slivers/ spunlace nonwoven strips/ seed/ filter dust top layer rope-like interweaving with a top layer of hemp filter dust suspension as a top layer

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DD 299993 [0005]

Claims (24)

Supply system for plant and fungal cultures from renewable raw materials consisting of proportionate bast fibres, leaf fibres, seaweed, coconut peas, seed fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers and their fabrics and production waste materials such as nonwovens, card slivers, fiber dust from the air filter systems, short fibers or shives, characterized as a light, energy-saving supply system with water-storing / - Conductive, root-penetrating and weed-suppressing properties in a variable multi-layer or mixed arrangement, placed on a fully, partially or waterproof overlay. supply system claim 1 , consisting of waste materials from the hemp fiber / hemp fiber surface production in a multi-layer arrangement, characterized by a microclimate-creating, weed-suppressing, voluminous top layer consisting of - approx. 60% - 50% proportion hemp fiber filter dust and or - approx. 20% - 80% proportion hemp short fibers in a liquid of - approx. 20% - 95% mixed and as a suspension on an underlying middle layer consisting of linearly aligned liquid-conducting and -/storing, root-stabilizing hemp fiber card slivers with a thickness of - approx. 10mm -50mm poured or sprayed on. Another layer of material arranged under the middle layer consists of hemp fibers and/or short hemp fibers with a layer thickness of - approx. 10mm - 50mm. A hemp fiber fleece material with a thickness of - approx. 2mm - 6mm acts as the contact surface for the supply system supply system claims 1 - 2 , characterized in that a water-conducting/-storing, biodegradable, root-penetrable spunlace nonwoven made of regenerated cellulose fibers is arranged between the top and bottom layers of the supply system with the following characteristics: - Material: approx. 100% regenerated cellulose fiber spunlace nonwoven - basis weight: approx. 30g/ ^m2 - 500g/ ^m2 - Thickness: approx. 1 - 3mm - Strip tear strength: approx. 30N - 150N - Liquid storage capacity: approx. 0.91/ ^m2 - 3.81/ ^m2 supply system claims 1 - 3 , Characterized by a flexible, stretchable, air- and water-permeable, microclimate-creating substrate cover layer with material shares of hemp fiber waste production of - approx. 30% filter dust - approx. 30% short fibers and - approx. 40% shives a middle approx lower water-retaining and insulating material layer made of hemp shives with a scattering thickness of approx. 10-30mm. supply system claims 1 - 4 Characterized by a flexible, self-sealing, cold-insulating and moisture-retaining substrate cover layer that adapts to plant growth and is made of hemp shives with a layer thickness of 1-10mm, loosely scattered. supply system claims 1 - 5 , Characterized as a temporally determinable biodegradable supply system by materials used in the supply system, which are wholly or partially treated with active ingredients based on cellulase-containing aqueous solutions or cellulase-forming fungi, for example by spraying. supply system claims 1 - 6 characterized by integrated seeds or implantations in the cover and/or middle layer of the supply system. supply system claims 1 - 7 , Characterized by the inclusion of the supply device in a biodegradable device adapted to the plant culture, such as a "grow box" made of a hemp fiber spunlace nonwoven fabric with optional material components of hemp fibers, hemp fiber dusts, short hemp fibers and hemp shives, produced by assembly or compression molding. supply system claims 1 - 8th as a harvest-early supply system, with cold-insulating layers of hemp shives, which are loosely arranged on the bottom. supply system claims 1 - 9 with a substrate-compacting and root-stabilizing material layer made of coir between the top and bottom of the supply system. supply system claims 1 - 10 characterized by integrated pellet-like compacts which, according to exemplary embodiment 10, consist of mixed waste materials from hemp fiber/sheet production. supply system claim 11 , characterized in that the compacts have a surface-enlarging geometry and are distributed as a cavity-creating substrate in the supply system between the system top layer and the bottom layer. supply system claims 1 ,11-12 characterized as heating pellets in the form of compacts made from proportionate waste materials such as air filter dust, hemp shives, short hemp fibers and/or coconut peas. supply system claim 1 , 11 ,12,13 characterized in that the pellets growth-promoting substances such as calcium phosphate or other processed organic - mineral fertilizer components are added. Supply system according to 1-10 characterized as a receiving device for the supply system, consisting of hemp fiber spunlace non-woven fabric - shaped bodies such as plant pots or grow boxes, made up by known methods or pressed as a shaped body. supply system claims 1 - 10 characterized as a hanging receiving device for the supply system in the form of an open-pored, root-through mesh, fabric or non-woven fabric, which is provided with seeds or crops in the supply system. utility facility Claim 16 , characterized in that the receiving body for the supply system consists of natural and or split seaweed, which is manufactured by known methods such as braiding and or weaving. supply system claims 1 - 10 , 17 , characterized as a rope-like linear, braided / twisted supply system strand, consisting of hemp card slivers with integrated seeds of plant or fungal cultures, suitable for non-directional application techniques. supply system claim 1 - 18 , characterized as a stabilizing, liquid-conducting / and - storing supply system strand with additionally integrated spunlace nonwoven fabric strips made of hemp fibers with a width of approx. 3mm - 25mm. supply system claims 16 - 19 characterized by a top layer sprayed onto the supply system strand, which consists of air filter dust, short fibers and seeds and as an aqueous suspension according to claim 2 was sprayed superficially onto the supply system strand. Supply system according to Claims 16 - 20, characterized as a supply system strand with integrated seeds or planted, pre-cultivated plant/fungus cultures. supply system claims 1 - 10 characterized as a vegetation / recultivation / roof greening or wall greening system with variable material proportions in the design as one-piece or multi-piece surface, solidified by well-known technologies such as needling technology and/or water-jet bonding technology. supply system claims 1 - 2 , characterized as a variable supply system that can be assembled from the individual material components, the supply system corresponding to the respective requirements such as low weight, type of plant/fungus culture, area size, household, open land or under glass. supply system claim 1 - 23 characterized in that the cover surface arranged on the upper side, identified by pouring or spraying on, is also used as a separate individual surface outside of the supply system, in addition to the requirements of the supply system.

Images