DE202021100848U1 - Decentralized energy supply system - Google Patents
Decentralized energy supply system Download PDFInfo
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- DE202021100848U1 DE202021100848U1 DE202021100848.2U DE202021100848U DE202021100848U1 DE 202021100848 U1 DE202021100848 U1 DE 202021100848U1 DE 202021100848 U DE202021100848 U DE 202021100848U DE 202021100848 U1 DE202021100848 U1 DE 202021100848U1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
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- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
- F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/19—Fuel cells
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Dezentrales Energieversorgungssystem, mit einer einem Gebäude (1) zugeordneten, lokalen Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom, einem elektrischen Pufferspeicher (5),
einem Elektrolyseur (6), der dazu bestimmt ist, aus Wasser gasförmigen Wasserstoff zu erzeugen,
sowie mit elektrischen Energieverbrauchern (11) und Wärmeverbrauchern (14),
und mit einem Anschluss an eine Gasquelle (16), gekennzeichnet durch
einen Wasserstoffspeicher (8), der dazu bestimmt ist, den durch den Elektrolyseur (6) erzeugten Wasserstoff zu speichern,
durch eine Brennstoffzelle (9), die dazu bestimmt ist, aus dem durch den Elektrolyseur (6) erzeugten und / oder gespeicherten Wasserstoff elektrische Energie und Wärme zu erzeugen,
einem Wärmeträger, der die Brennstoffzelle (9) mit den Wärmeverbrauchern (14) in der Art verbindet, dass die von der Brennstoffzelle (9) erzeugte Wärme an die Wärmeverbraucher (14) übertragbar ist,
einen Wechselrichter (10), der zwischen einerseits den Pufferspeicher (5) und die Brennstoffzelle (9) und andererseits elektrische Energieverbraucher (11) in der Art geschaltet ist, dass eine von dem Pufferspeicher (5) oder der Brennstoffzelle (9) bereitgestellte Gleichspannung in eine von den Energieverbrauchern (11) benötigte Wechselspannung umgewandelt wird,
und durch eine Systemregelung (18), die in Abhängigkeit vom momentanen Angebot des lokal erzeugten elektrischen Stroms, von der im Wasserstoffspeicher (8) vorhandenen Wasserstoffmenge, von der im Pufferspeicher (5) vorhandenen Menge elektrischer Energie sowie von dem jeweiligen Bedarf der elektrischen Energieverbraucher (11) und der Wärmeverbraucher (14) die Befüllung oder Entleerung des Wasserstoffspeichers (8) und des Pufferspeichers (5) in der Art regelt, dass die Brennstoffzelle (9) in möglichst lang anhaltenden Intervallen oder kontinuierlich betrieben wird.
Decentralized energy supply system, with a local device assigned to a building (1) for generating electrical power, an electrical buffer store (5),
an electrolyser (6) designed to produce gaseous hydrogen from water,
as well as with electrical energy consumers (11) and heat consumers (14),
and having a connection to a gas source (16), characterized by
a hydrogen storage device (8), which is intended to store the hydrogen generated by the electrolyser (6),
by a fuel cell (9) which is intended to generate electrical energy and heat from the hydrogen generated and / or stored by the electrolyser (6),
a heat transfer medium that connects the fuel cell (9) with the heat consumers (14) in such a way that the heat generated by the fuel cell (9) can be transferred to the heat consumers (14),
an inverter (10), which is connected between on the one hand the buffer store (5) and the fuel cell (9) and on the other hand electrical energy consumer (11) in such a way that a DC voltage provided by the buffer store (5) or the fuel cell (9) in an alternating voltage required by the energy consumers (11) is converted,
and by a system control (18) which, depending on the current supply of the locally generated electricity, the amount of hydrogen present in the hydrogen storage unit (8), the amount of electrical energy present in the buffer storage unit (5) and the The respective demand of the electrical energy consumer (11) and the heat consumer (14) regulates the filling or emptying of the hydrogen storage unit (8) and the buffer storage unit (5) in such a way that the fuel cell (9) is operated at intervals that are as long as possible or continuously.
Description
Die Neuerung betrifft ein dezentrales Energieversorgungssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The innovation relates to a decentralized energy supply system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der Praxis ist es bekannt, Gebäude mit einer eigenen, lokalen Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom auszustatten, beispielsweise mit einer auf dem Gebäude montierten Photovoltaikanlage, oder, insbesondere im ländlichen Bereich, mit einer dem Gebäude zugeordneten Windkraftanlage. Der Bedarf des Gebäudes an elektrischer Energie kann auf diese Weise teilweise oder auch vollständig durch den lokal erzeugten elektrischen Strom gedeckt werden. Die unstete Verfügbarkeit von Wind und Sonnenlicht kann jedoch dazu führen, insbesondere bei der sogenannten „Dunkelflaute“, dass ein zusätzlicher Bedarf an extern bereitgestellter elektrischer Energie besteht. Aus diesem Grund dient ein Pufferspeicher, z.B. ein Akkumulator, zur Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie, so dass im Überschuss erzeugte elektrische Energie zeitversetzt verbraucht werden kann.It is known from practice to equip buildings with their own local device for generating electrical power, for example with a photovoltaic system mounted on the building, or, particularly in rural areas, with a wind turbine assigned to the building. In this way, the building's electrical energy requirements can be partially or completely covered by the locally generated electrical power. However, the unsteady availability of wind and sunlight can lead to an additional need for externally provided electrical energy, especially during the so-called "dark doldrums". For this reason, a buffer store, e.g. an accumulator, is used to temporarily store electrical energy so that excess electrical energy can be used with a time delay.
Zusätzlich zu der elektrischen Energie wird typischerweise in Gebäuden auch Wärme benötigt, einerseits zur Beheizung des Gebäudes und andererseits beispielsweise als Prozesswärme in Betrieben oder als Brauchwasser in privaten Haushalten. Daher ist es weiterhin aus der Praxis bekannt, in dem Energieversorgungssystem eines Gebäudes Wasserstoff zu nutzen. Wenn die lokal erzeugte elektrische Energie im Überschuss vorliegt, wird mittels eines Elektrolyseurs Wasserstoffgas aus Wasser gewonnen und kann beispielsweise methanisiert werden, um das Methan als Brenngas zur Wärmeerzeugung nutzen zu können.In addition to the electrical energy, heat is typically also required in buildings, on the one hand to heat the building and on the other hand, for example, as process heat in companies or as service water in private households. It is therefore still known from practice to use hydrogen in the energy supply system of a building. If the locally generated electrical energy is in excess, hydrogen gas is obtained from water by means of an electrolyser and can, for example, be methanized in order to be able to use the methane as fuel gas to generate heat.
Der Neuerung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Energieversorgungssystem dahingehend zu verbessern, dass möglichst gleichmäßig sowohl elektrische Energie als auch Wärme bereitgestellt werden kann.The object of the innovation is to improve a generic energy supply system in such a way that both electrical energy and heat can be provided as uniformly as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein dezentrales Energieversorgungssystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in dem Unteranspruch beschrieben.This object is achieved by a decentralized energy supply system with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements are described in the sub-claim.
Die Neuerung schlägt mit anderen Worten vor, den Wasserstoff nicht zu methanisieren, sondern vielmehr den Wasserstoff unmittelbar zu speichern, so dass mit der Methanisierung verbundene Umwandlungsverluste vermieden werden. Weiterhin ist vorschlagsgemäß eine Brennstoffzelle in das Energieversorgungssystem eingebunden. Die Brennstoffzelle verbraucht Wasserstoff und erzeugt sowohl Wärme als auch elektrische Energie, so dass gleichzeitig elektrische Verbraucher als auch Wärmeverbraucher versorgt werden können. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Wärmeverbraucher über einen Wärmeträger mit der Brennstoffzelle verbunden, beispielsweise in Form eines Heizwasserkreislaufs. Der Wirkungsgrad der Brennstoffzelle wird negativ beeinflusst, wenn die Brennstoffzelle in kurzen Intervallen in Betrieb gesetzt und wieder abgeschaltet wird.In other words, the innovation proposes not to methanize the hydrogen, but rather to store the hydrogen immediately, so that conversion losses associated with methanation are avoided. Furthermore, according to the proposal, a fuel cell is integrated into the energy supply system. The fuel cell consumes hydrogen and generates both heat and electrical energy, so that electrical consumers and heat consumers can be supplied at the same time. For this purpose, the heat consumers are connected to the fuel cell via a heat transfer medium, for example in the form of a heating water circuit. The efficiency of the fuel cell is negatively influenced if the fuel cell is started up and switched off again at short intervals.
Um zur Versorgung der elektrischen und der Wärmeverbraucher vordringlich die lokal erzeugte elektrische Energie zu nutzen, nämlich mittels des Elektrolyseurs die lokal erzeugte elektrische Energie zur Erzeugung des Wasserstoffs zu verwenden, und um häufige Abschaltungen der Brennstoffzelle zu verhindern, weist das Energieversorgungssystem eine Systemregelung auf, die beispielsweise in Form einer elektronischen Steuerung ausgestaltet sein kann. Die Systemregelung ist darauf ausgelegt und dementsprechend programmiert, die Brennstoffzelle in möglichst lang anhaltenden Intervallen oder sogar kontinuierlich zu betreiben, so dass auch in dieser Hinsicht ein möglichst hoher Wirkungsgrad des Energieversorgungssystems unterstützt wird. Die Systemregelung ist einerseits dazu ausgelegt, die einzelnen Komponenten des Energieversorgungssystems anzusteuern, und ist andererseits mit den Komponenten sensorisch in derart verbunden, dass Füllstände, Betriebsdrücke, Temperaturen und weitere Parameter der Komponenten an die Systemregelung übermittelt werden.In order to primarily use the locally generated electrical energy to supply the electrical and heat consumers, namely to use the locally generated electrical energy to generate the hydrogen by means of the electrolyzer, and to prevent frequent shutdowns of the fuel cell, the energy supply system has a system control that can be designed for example in the form of an electronic controller. The system control is designed and programmed accordingly to operate the fuel cell at intervals that are as long as possible or even continuously, so that the highest possible efficiency of the energy supply system is supported in this respect as well. The system control is designed on the one hand to control the individual components of the energy supply system, and on the other hand it is connected to the components by sensors in such a way that fill levels, operating pressures, temperatures and other parameters of the components are transmitted to the system control.
Angesichts der unsteten Bereitstellung lokal erzeugter elektrischer Energie kann ein möglichst kontinuierlicher Betrieb der Brennstoffzelle dadurch erreicht werden, dass in Abhängigkeit von dem momentanen Angebot lokal erzeugter elektrischer Energie der Elektrolyseur entweder direkt mit dieser Energie betrieben wird oder mit elektrischer Energie, die aus dem Pufferspeicher entnommen wird, so dass jedenfalls über einen möglichst langen zusammenhängenden Zeitraum Wasserstoff erzeugt werden kann und dementsprechend die Laufzeit der den Wasserstoff verbrauchenden Brennstoffzelle optimiert werden kann. Und wenn die momentan verfügbare elektrische Energie, entweder direkt erzeugt oder aus dem Pufferspeicher, zum Betrieb des Elektrolyseurs und daher zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff nicht ausreicht, kann mittels der Systemregelung eine Verbindung vom Wasserstoffspeicher zur Brennstoffzelle freigeschaltet werden, so dass nun unter Verwendung des zwischengespeicherten Wasserstoffs geöffnet die Brennstoffzelle weiter betrieben und sowohl elektrische Energie als auch Wärme erzeugt werden kann.In view of the unsteady supply of locally generated electrical energy, the most continuous possible operation of the fuel cell can be achieved by either operating the electrolyser directly with this energy or with electrical energy taken from the buffer store, depending on the current supply of locally generated electrical energy , so that hydrogen can in any case be generated over as long a continuous period of time as possible and the running time of the fuel cell consuming the hydrogen can be optimized accordingly. And if the currently available electrical energy, either generated directly or from the buffer storage, is not sufficient to operate the electrolyzer and therefore to generate hydrogen, a connection from the hydrogen storage to the fuel cell can be activated using the system control, so that the temporarily stored hydrogen can now be used opened the fuel cell continues to operate and both electrical energy and heat can be generated.
Für eine Situation, in welcher über längere Zeit die lokale Erzeugung elektrischen Stroms für die Versorgung der elektrischen Energieverbraucher und der Wärmeverbraucher des Gebäudes nicht ausreicht, kann die Erzeugung von Wasserstoff mittels eines Reformers vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise aus Erdgas oder aus Flüssiggas. Das Erdgas kann beispielsweise aus einem kommunalen Erdgasnetz entnommen werden, und das Flüssiggas kann beispielsweise aus einem lokal vorhandenen, in der Nähe des Gebäudes aufgestellten Flüssiggastank entnommen werden die Bereitstellung des Gases wird im Rahmen des vorliegenden Vorschlags als Gasquelle bezeichnet, so dass beispielsweise das erwähnte Erdgasnetz oder der erwähnte Flüssiggastank eine solche Gasquelle darstellen.For a situation in which the local generation of electrical power for the supply of the electrical energy consumers and the heat consumers of the building is not sufficient for a long time, the production of hydrogen be provided by means of a reformer, for example from natural gas or from liquid gas. The natural gas can be taken from a municipal natural gas network, for example, and the liquefied gas can be taken from a locally available liquefied gas tank set up near the building, for example or the mentioned liquefied gas tank represent such a gas source.
Im Falle der oben erwähnten Situation ist das Wasserstoffangebot, welches entweder mittels des Elektrolyseurs unmittelbar erzeugt wird oder durch den Wasserstoffspeicher bereitgestellt wird, nicht ausreichend, um die Brennstoffzelle betreiben zu können. Daher kann in einer Ausgestaltung vorgesehen sein, dass das an eine Gasquelle angeschlossene Energieversorgungssystem eine Zuleitung aufweist, die von einem Reformer zur Brennstoffzelle verläuft, so dass der im Reformer erzeugte Wasserstoff den Betrieb der Brennstoffzelle ermöglicht. Die Zuleitung kann entweder unmittelbar vom Reformer zur Brennstoffzelle verlaufen, oder mittelbar, beispielsweise unter Einschaltung eines Zwischenspeichers, wobei der ohnehin vorgesehene und bereits erwähnte Wasserstoffspeicher als ein solcher Zwischenspeicher genutzt werden kann.In the case of the above-mentioned situation, the hydrogen supply, which is either generated directly by means of the electrolyzer or is provided by the hydrogen storage device, is not sufficient to be able to operate the fuel cell. In one embodiment, it can therefore be provided that the energy supply system connected to a gas source has a feed line which runs from a reformer to the fuel cell, so that the hydrogen generated in the reformer enables the fuel cell to be operated. The feed line can either run directly from the reformer to the fuel cell, or indirectly, for example with the inclusion of an intermediate storage device, with the hydrogen storage device already provided and already mentioned being able to be used as such an intermediate storage device.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Neuerung wird anhand der rein schematischen Darstellung nachfolgend näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the innovation is explained in more detail below with reference to the purely schematic illustration.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Gebäude
Mittels der elektrischen Energie wird in dem Elektrolyseur
In der Brennstoffzelle
Falls die Brennstoffzelle
Eine Systemregelung
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
- 11
- Gebäudebuilding
- 22
- Dachtop, roof
- 33
- PhotovoltaikanlagePhotovoltaic system
- 44th
- Stromleitungpower line
- 55
- PufferspeicherBuffer storage
- 66th
- ElektrolyseurElectrolyzer
- 77th
- WasserstoffleitungHydrogen pipe
- 88th
- WasserstoffspeicherHydrogen storage
- 99
- BrennstoffzelleFuel cell
- 1010
- WechselrichterInverter
- 1111
- Elektrische EnergieverbraucherElectrical energy consumers
- 1212th
- WärmeleitungConduction
- 1414th
- WärmeverbraucherHeat consumer
- 1515th
- Reformerreformer
- 1616
- GasquelleGas source
- 1717th
- ZuleitungSupply line
- 1818th
- SystemregelungSystem regulation
- 1919th
- SteuerleitungControl line
- 2020th
- GasleitungGas pipe
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021113423A1 (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | Greenage Ag | Energy conversion device with a fuel cell unit |
WO2023227728A1 (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-30 | Wilo Se | Power supply system, method for constructing a power supply system and use of the power supply system |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021113423A1 (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | Greenage Ag | Energy conversion device with a fuel cell unit |
WO2023227728A1 (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-30 | Wilo Se | Power supply system, method for constructing a power supply system and use of the power supply system |
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