DE202021001992U1 - Measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

Measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass, whereby a container (2) with a lid (6), a filling space (3) for samples containing NH3, with a free space (5) under the lid (6) and a measuring opening (7) are provided for the free space (5) and a measuring probe (8) for ammonia NH3, in which free space (5) is provided, to close the measuring opening (7).

Description

The invention is concerned with a measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass, and a diagnosis of NH3 vapors, which occur together with water vapor over biotic biomass and sewage sludge in order to show the amount of vapors over the moist substances, the concentrations of individual substances Diagnosing vapors and disposing of sewage sludge and biomass without releasing ammonia NH3. Another task in climate protection is to make elementary parts of the sewage sludge, H2O, NH3, P, H2, C, CxHy, etc. usable for commercial and pilot plants.

It is also known from boiling points for NH3 of -33 ° C and 100 ° C for H2O that with an initial NH3 concentration of 0.4% in the liquid phase, above that in the vapor phase above the liquid a concentration of 60% for NH3 and 40% for H2O can occur. Accordingly, further measures are necessary for the air pollutant NH3 if 150 times the amount of NH3 is transferred from the liquid phase to the vapor phase when the water evaporates.

It is also known from the release of NH3 in the atmosphere that these vapors react to salts in the air and lead to nitrogen dioxide and fine dust emissions of PM 2.5, which, according to the TA Luft, are limited to 20 µg / m3 for PM 2.5. Due to the four times the weight of the fine dust from the NH3 molecule, there is a limit value of ¼ or 5 µg / m3 in relation to the NH3 vapor. Accordingly, 1 kg of NH3 or 1,000,000,000 µg creates an immission of 200,000,000 m3 of fine dust PM 2.5 per kg of NH3.

Further measures are necessary to limit the reactivity of the NH3 in the atmosphere, caused by the buoyancy forces, because the concentration of the NH3 vapors increases when the air is cooled in higher layers due to the loss of water vapor. More details: Boost of the emission, see below.

More extensive laws for better climate protection are known in such a way that the CO2 emissions are to be reduced in relation to the year 1990. (New Climate Law 2021) This means that further measures are necessary for the CO2 emissions generated from biotic NH3 vapors from 1990 onwards. Correspondingly, the CO2eq plus immissions in the amount of 800 Mg CO2 per Mg NH3, which have arisen from the thermal disposal of sewage sludge in the coal-fired furnace and from the mono-incineration of sewage sludge, must be determined by measurement and primarily prevented. In accordance with this object, the invention is concerned with the diagnosis of NH3 in moist sewage sludge and of biotic biomass.

“We can't afford to wait any longer,” says Christian Mumenthaler. That sounds like a call for help from Swiss re to support the new developments in CO2 reduction (created from biotic NH3). Details 3 . May 2021 on Linkedin. Accordingly, further measures are unavoidable in the case of CO2eq emissions from biotic NH3 vapors in Zurich.

The invention also deals with material data and limit values for NH3 emissions, according to TA Luft, with 20 mg / m3 as emission, with 20 µg / m3 as fine dust, the total emission 0.1 kg-NH3 / h and MAK values of 35 mg / m3, in order to treat the NH3-containing biomass and sewage sludge after the analysis of the NH3 values, according to valid limit values and health care and to make it usable for recycling in chemical plants.

Furthermore, a disposal of sewage sludge is known, after which the sewage sludge of a city in the amount of 20 tons per day with a dry content of 3.6 tons Mg is loaded and transported away for a fee. Further measures are necessary to avoid transports and costs for transports of 330 € / Mg and 6,600 € / d.

It is also known that sewage sludge containing NH3 is used in a mono-incineration in Zurich, in which the sludge from 1.6 million inhabitants is incinerated together with biotic ammonia NH3. More details: reports from the operator Werdhölzli. For a diagnosis of the biotic NH3 sources and the elimination of the additional CO2eq plus emissions from NH3, further measures are necessary.

Furthermore, climate targets from the Zurich region are known in the magazine Energie Zukunft, according to which zero emissions are made possible in climate protection in Switzerland. (Vincent Eckert, Energie Zukunft Schweiz, Dec. 2018, Swiss Re, Management Ltd, Zurich). In the case of ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge, after the pollution of the groundwater in agriculture over decades and the climate damage caused by the incineration in Zurich Werdhölzli, further measures are necessary to prevent the environmental and climate damage from continuing.

A reactor for the generation of water vapor and dry matter is also from the publication EP 3745 065 known, according to which NH3-containing biomass / sewage sludge (biotic, water-containing mass) is treated to generate water vapor in a heated container. Accordingly, after the EP 3745 065 In the case of the generation of water vapor, further measures are necessary in order to avoid the biotic immissions of biomass containing NH3 before the reactor is commissioned.

The one in the protection claim 1 The specified measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass is based on years of pollution of the groundwater with NH3, the continuation of environmental and climate damage in mono-incineration through additional CO2eq immissions from NH3 steam and general requirements in climate protection as well as the known limit values NH3 releases taking into account health care, the problem is to record the actual values of the NH3 quantities on the basis of the biotic NH3 loads in the biomass and sewage sludge and to show the formation of NH3 emissions from biomass in order to plan the savings for a controlled operation in order to promote climate protection and in particular to show the CO2eq emissions from vapors during the thermal utilization of sewage sludge and to enable protection of people and the climate from biotic NH3. Another task is to label the CO2eq immission from plants from 1990 onwards in the case of biotic pollutants containing NH3.

This problem is solved by the features listed in protection claim 1, with a measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass, according to which a container with a lid, a filling space for samples containing NH3, with a free space under the lid and a measuring opening to the free space are provided and a measuring probe, certified for NH3, is provided as a closure of the measuring opening, in the free space and in particular moist sewage sludge is provided as an NH3-containing sample in the filling space.

Advantageous further developments and embodiments of the invention are possible through the measures mentioned in subclaims 2 to 10.

The advantages achieved with the invention of a measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass consist in a container with a lid, a filling space for samples containing NH3, with a free space under the lid and a measuring opening to the free space in which free convection the evaporation and saturation of the atmosphere takes place and the analysis of vaporous NH3 is possible.

• • Speicherung von biotischen Dämpfen mit hohem Dampfdruck und deren Messung;
• • Speicherung von Dämpfen mit tiefen Siedepunkten - 33 °C unter 0 °C;
• • Diagnose, Quantifizierung des NH3 bedingten Umwelt- und Klimaschadens als Feinstaub und CO2eq plus;
• • Quantifizierung der Klimagase als CO2eq plus, ab 1990 in Ballungsgebieten und Feinstaub aus NH3;
• • Personenschutz bei MAK Werten bezüglich NH3;
• • Sichere Anzeige Werte QI, NH3 Indikation, nach 20 Sekunden;
• • Behandlung von Höhersiedern, H2O, Hydrocarbons, Ketone, u.a.
• • Diagnose von Dampfimmissionen am Ort der Beprobung in Hotspots, z.B. Zürich;
• • Aufbewahrung der Proben, im verschließbaren Behälter;
• • Direkte Diagnose des Behälter Inhaltes bei der Probennahme;
• • Qualität Sicherung der Prüfröhrchen, einheitliche Anzeige.

Further advantages are:

• • Storage of biotic vapors with high vapor pressure and their measurement;
• • Storage of vapors with low boiling points - 33 ° C below 0 ° C;
• • Diagnosis, quantification of the environmental and climate damage caused by NH3 as fine dust and CO2eq plus;
• • Quantification of greenhouse gases as CO2eq plus, from 1990 in metropolitan areas and particulate matter from NH3;
• • Personal protection with MAK values with regard to NH3;
• • Reliable display of values QI, NH3 indication, after 20 seconds;
• • Treatment of higher boilers, H2O, hydrocarbons, ketones, etc.
• • Diagnosis of steam immissions at the location of the sampling in hotspots, eg Zurich;
• • Storage of the samples in a sealable container;
• • Direct diagnosis of the container contents when taking the sample;
• • Quality assurance of the test tubes, uniform display.

After the groundwater pollution through long-term application of sewage sludge in agriculture, today with ammonia NH3, after the 1st environmental damage, the 2nd environmental and climate damage with 200,000,000 m3 of fine dust PM 2.5 per kg of NH3 and with 800 kg CO2eq per kg NH3 has occurred during incineration since 1990.

Another disadvantage is that with the central, thermal disposal, the climate with steam is heated specifically in the cities by 1.36 kWh or 4,890 kJ per kg by H2O steam. Correspondingly (4,890: 1.5 ° C) 3,260 kg of air or 2,519 Nm3 of air are heated by 1.5 ° C - per kg of steam emissions in Zurich.

It is also known from the release of NH3 from biotic biomass at nominal conditions of 20 ° C that up to 1.5 kg of NH3 are released when 1 kg of water evaporates during forced convection. The main advantage: The technical measurement of the NH3 amount when saturation from sewage sludge is used to achieve net zero at the point of sampling.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 2 specified. The development according to claim 2 makes it possible to provide moist sewage sludge in the filling room. The advantage is the free convection in the free space of the container and the storage of the steam for performing the rapid analysis, with liquid and bulk material-like samples. Significant advantage: securing the outgassing without losses, in particular the similarity with the forced convection during drying as the basis of a scale-up in commercial and pilot scale as well as repeated use of the original sample.

In sewage sludge analyzes, 150 times the original amount of NH3 is lost when the samples are opened and that worthless samples - without NH3 - are analyzed in the laboratory.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 3 specified. The development according to claim 3 makes it possible to provide biotic biomass as a sample in the filling space. Advantage: the NH3 analyzes for biomass from animal husbandry: pigs, cattle, poultry as well as with higher NH3 concentrations and preventive health care in the case of excessive MAK values of NH3.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 4th specified. The development according to claim 4 makes it possible to provide a cover for the measurement opening. The advantage is the closure of the container to store the vapors; Another advantage: later analysis of the original vapors, e.g. before / after transport.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 5 specified. The development according to claim 5 makes it possible to provide a pressure sensor in the measurement opening. Advantage: a pressure-dependent display of the outgassing in free space with free convection; Another advantage: The cover by a liquid with a U-tube manometer as a pressure sensor, for example at 100 Pa or 10 mm water column (water column).

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 6th specified. The development according to claim 6 makes it possible to provide a temperature sensor in the measurement opening. Advantage: a temperature-dependent display of the outgassing in the free space with free convection as an indicator for H2O evaporation.

The fact is that with zero H2O evaporation, no NH3 is released.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 7th specified. The development according to claim 7 makes it possible to provide a sensor for oxygen O2 in the measurement opening. Advantage: an O2-dependent display of gas losses due to leaks and changed O2 concentrations.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 8th specified. The further development according to claim 8 makes it possible to provide measuring probes for gas analysis, exchangeable after use. Advantage: restart, repetition of the diagnoses with uniform measurement data and with high measurement accuracy.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 9 specified. The further development according to claim 9 makes it possible to provide certified measuring probes. Achieved advantage: Certification and scaling of the display values on the measuring probes.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim for protection 10 specified. The development according to claim 10 makes it possible to provide insulation. Advantage: Maintaining a constant H2O partial pressure and constant H2O evaporation in the container.

• 1 Messvorrichtung für Ammoniak NH3.

Further advantages of the climate-positive invention are in 1 shown in the form of a drawing and described arithmetically in examples. Show it:

• 1 Measuring device for ammonia NH3.

• • eine Messvorrichtung, Inhalt von 1,5 Liter aus PE bei (100° × 220) mm mit Deckel in Flaschenform, immer einsetzbar, mit wenig Platzbedarf nutzbar ist,
• • Dämpfe aus freier Konvektion und einzelne Dämpfe aus freier Konvektion angezeigt werden,
• • Mehrfache Nutzung der Probe zur Analyse von Dämpfen,
• • Dämpfe mit tiefen Siedepunkten (- 33 °C) messbar sind,
• • Dämpfe mit hohen Dampfdrücken z.B. 8 bar, messbar sind;
• • Zusätzliche CO2eq Immissionen am Messort messbar sind,
• • Messergebnisse am Messort für Klimaschutz umsetzbar sind,
• • eine Verhinderung der Verflüchtigung des NH3 bei geringer Gasdichte und starkem Auftrieb am Messort vorgesehen ist, s. Beispiel,
• • die Bestimmung des Dampf-Gehalt von Ammoniak NH3 in der Atmosphäre als Messprinzip vorgesehen ist.

A measuring device is in 1 as an apparatus master plan with a housing, which is broken open in the upper area, shown, the measuring device 1 from a container 2 , a filling room 3 for sewage sludge or biotic biomass with a limitation 4th to a free space 5 above the filling space 3 , a lid 6th on the container 2 , a measuring port 7th , a measuring probe 8th , which is broken open at both ends when installed, a pump 9 , connected to the measuring probe 8th and with display Ql 10 on a value scale of the measuring probe of individual measured values including NH3, O2 and an insulation 11 of the container 2 it is provided in such a way that

• • a measuring device, content of 1.5 liters made of PE at (100 ° × 220) mm with a bottle-shaped lid, can always be used, can be used with little space requirement,
• • Vapors from free convection and individual vapors from free convection are displayed,
• • Multiple use of the sample for analysis of vapors,
• • vapors with low boiling points (- 33 ° C) can be measured,
• • Vapors with high vapor pressures, eg 8 bar, can be measured;
• • Additional CO2eq immissions can be measured at the measuring location,
• • Measurement results can be implemented at the measurement location for climate protection,
• • Prevention of the volatilization of the NH3 in the event of a low gas density and strong buoyancy is provided at the measuring location, see example,
• • the determination of the vapor content of ammonia NH3 in the atmosphere is intended as a measuring principle.

Significant advantage: the accuracy of the steam determination with an increase in the nominal NH3 quantities in the steam phase by a factor of 150; Another advantage in terms of climate protection: the measurement of greenhouse gases so that they can be prevented.

In addition to the representation in 1 further representations are possible that are not listed in detail. It is important that a free space is provided in the container in which a measuring probe is provided so that the advantages of the invention can be achieved. Advantage: Analysis of the biotic NH3 in the vapor phase.

It is the case in environmental and climate protection that the nitrogen cycles, the immission of N2O and fine dust are to be shown so that the immissions of humans in biotic NH3 are avoided. Source: Integrated strategy for reducing nitrogen emissions; Federal Environment Agency; 2009, Dessau-Roßlau.

At 20 g NH3 / d and human, the fine dust at 5 µg / m3 results in an immission of 80 g fine dust / d or 4,000,000 m3 / d, extrapolated to Zurich, at 1.6 million inhabitants: 4,000,000 × 1.6 × 10 ⁶ = 6.4 × 10 ¹² m3 fine dust / d, i.e. 6,400,000,000,000 m3 / d.

Further advantages of the invention are shown as a numerical example with NH3 proportions in the sewage sludge and their immissions:

Example I:

Ammonia NH3 evaporation at 20 ° C NH3 portion liquid 0.4 wt% Partial pressure, NH3 3,730 Pa Saturation in free space 25.46 g / m3 H2O portion 99.6% by weight Partial pressure H2O 2,380 Pa Saturation with H2O (+) 17.28 g / m3 total quantity 42.74 g / m3

Technical data of the NH3 vapor in free space,
NH3, proportionally 25.46 / 42.74 × 100 60% by weight
Weight increase from 0.4% to 60% Increase 60 / 0.4 150 times

PARTICULATE DUST IMMISSION per m3: NH3 at saturation at 25.46 g / m3: proportionally 25,460 mg / m3 × 1.41 35,898 ppm Fine dust load per m3: limit 5 µg / m3 Emission / m3 25,460,000 µg / 5th 5,092,000 m3

• • Bestimmung der Feinstaub Immission,
• • Messung der dampfförmigen Emissionen und Immissionen
• • Anzeige der Gesundheitsgefahr 35.898 ppm NH3
  • ◯ (tödlich ab 20.000 ppm)
• • Anzeige der Feinstaubbildung pro m3 Emission:

Nenn Menge 5.092.000 m3; The achieved advantage of the measuring device

• • Determination of the fine dust immission,
• • Measurement of vapor emissions and immissions
• • Display of health risk 35,898 ppm NH3
  • ◯ (fatal from 20,000 ppm)
• • Display of fine dust formation per m3 emission:

Nominal amount 5,092,000 m3;

Example II:

Care for the environment, climate and health
Biotic biomass from pigs, for example, are the following emissions
at 2% by weight NH3 based on 20 ° C possible: Partial pressure, NH3 18,650 Pa Saturation in free space 127.3 g / m3 H2O portion 98% by weight Partial pressure, H2O 2,332 Pa Saturation with H2O 16.93 g / m3 total quantity 144.23 g / m3

HEALTH HAZARD

Technical data of the NH3 vapor in free space, NH3, (127.3 / 144.23) x 100 88% by weight Weight gain from 2% to 88% NH3 at saturation 127.3 g / m3: 127,300 mg / m3 × 1.41 179,500 ppm Example III: Buoyancy The determination of the following buoyancy forces in the atmosphere: Partial pressure of NH3 at 20 ° C 18,650 Pa Partial pressure of the air, net without H2O 81,350 Pa NH3 per m3 0.127 kg Air per m3 (+) 0.957 kg Weight of the emission kg / m3 1.084 kg / m3 Ambient air weight (-) 1.176 kg / m3 Buoyancy per m3 at 20 ° C 0.092 kg

• • der Auftrieb mit 0,1 kg/m2 auf 1 m Höhe bestimmt ist;
• • der Auftrieb als Ursache von Klimaschaden gemessen ist;
• • die Gesundheitsgefahr von NH3 Dämpfen aufgezeigt ist.

The advantage is that

• • the buoyancy is determined to be 0.1 kg / m2 at a height of 1 m;
• • the buoyancy is measured as the cause of climate damage;
• • the health risk of NH3 vapors is shown.

It is important that the daily emissions from biotic NH3 per person amounting to 4,000,000 m3 of fine dust PM 2.5 are shown in total, based on 20 g NH3 / d with a food intake of 100 g natural protein (protein) .

List of reference symbols

1

Measuring device

2

container

3

Fill space

4th

Limitation of the filling space

5

Free space - freeboard

6th

Lid for container

7th

Opening for measuring probes

8th

Measuring probe

9

Pump, suction pump

10

advertisement Ql for quality indication, NH3, O2, ° C, Pa ....

11

Isolation of the tank

Ql

Quality display of measured values

biotic

animal, human origin

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• EP 3745065 [0011]

Claims (10)

Measuring device for ammonia NH3 in sewage sludge and in biotic biomass, whereby a container (2) with a lid (6), a filling space (3) for samples containing NH3, with a free space (5) under the lid (6) and a measuring opening (7) to which the free space (5) is provided and a measuring probe (8) for ammonia NH3, in which free space (5) is provided, as a closure of the measuring opening (7). Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to the above Protection claim 1 , whereby moist sewage sludge is provided in the filling space (3). Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, wherein biotic biomass is provided in the filling space (3). Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a cover for the measuring opening (7) is provided. Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a pressure sensor is provided in the measuring opening (7). Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a temperature sensor is provided in the measuring opening (7). Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a sensor for oxygen O2 is provided in the measuring opening (7). Measuring device for ammonia NH3 according to one of the preceding claims, wherein Measuring probes (8) for gas analysis, exchangeable after use, are provided. Measuring device for ammonia NH3, according to one of the preceding claims, whereby certified measuring probes (8) are provided. Measuring device for ammonia NH3, according to one of the preceding claims, whereby an insulation (11) is provided.

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