DE202020004275U1 - Remote testing - Google Patents

Abstract

Computer program product comprising computer readable instructions that, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the steps:
Creating a test case for testing a user (S1);
Initiating a notification of the user to be tested with regard to the test case created (S3);
Receiving real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8);
wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using blockchain technology.

Description

The present disclosure relates to computer program products, devices, and a system configured to perform steps for remotely testing a user, particularly testing an athlete for doping agents.

To take a test sample from a person, e.g. B. for medical analyzes or anti-doping tests, the respective person usually has to consult a doctor or other competent specialist. Athletes are usually visited by a doping control officer from an anti-doping agency.

However, in cases where it is difficult to visit a user / patient / athlete to be tested e.g. B. due to its location, the availability of test personnel or due to quarantine measures, the taking of a test sample can be delayed or avoided or prevented.

This fact is becoming more and more important, especially in the current COVID-19 crisis, which makes it even more difficult to take test samples from a user / patient / athlete to be tested. Therefore, alternative and complementary measures for sampling are required in order to adequately master the challenges of the present and future.

One challenge is that the collection of a test sample often needs to be supervised by a competent and / or authorized person such as a doctor, nurse, or doping control officer. On the one hand, this is intended to ensure that a test sample is taken correctly so that a meaningful analysis can be carried out. On the other hand, the integrity / authenticity of a test sample taken must be ensured, especially in anti-doping tests of athletes.

In the case of non-invasive and minimally invasive test sample collection methods, a competent person does not necessarily have to be present when such a test sample is taken, so that the user / patient / athlete to be tested can carry out the test collection himself.

However, it must be ensured that the test sample is unadulterated and undamaged. Accordingly, there is a need to be able to take a test sample and monitor it so that manipulation can be avoided or at least prevented.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fast, flexible and safe solution for delivering a test sample remotely, in particular for delivering a test sample for anti-doping tests of an athlete, regardless of the location of the athlete.

Summary of the invention

A first aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product, in particular in the form of a signal or data stream or stored tangibly on a computer-readable memory, comprising computer-readable instructions which, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the following steps: Creating a test case for testing a User; Initiating a notification to the user to be tested regarding the test case created; Receiving real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using blockchain technology.

In general, blockchain is a linked list of records / blocks that uses hash pointers instead of regular pointers, which allows each block of a blockchain not only to locate the next block, but also to verify that the data in that node has changed were. Each block specifically contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a time stamp and (transaction) data. Once recorded, the data in a particular block of a blockchain cannot be changed without causing a change in all subsequent blocks and / or a failure or failure of the blockchain. Accordingly, an essentially tamper-proof data chain can be created. A blockchain can be expanded sequentially, i.e. by adding more blocks that complement an existing blockchain.

At least part of the test case information relating to the test case is preferably stored by a distributed blockchain computer system that contains a plurality of computing nodes, each computing node storing a copy, or a part thereof, of the blockchain of the distributed blockchain computer system. A centralized blockchain is preferably used, which ensures that only known / identified participants can create a block of a blockchain. Preferably, the storage of data in the blockchain is carried out by the client device and / or a server device or another device, e.g. B. a network device in connection with the client device and / or a server device. The above also applies specifically to the other aspects of the present invention described below.

In the present application, data that are stored in one or more blocks of a blockchain can be based on at least part of test case information relating to one or more test cases. In particular, the test case information includes one or more: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress and / or a test sample result. Personal information of a user / patient / athlete can be suitable for identifying a user / patient / athlete and can contain one or more: name, address, date of birth, gender, nationality, height, weight, association, sport, discipline, test pool, etc. Preferably a unique test ID is generated for each test case. Information related to a particular test case can be identified (as marked or tagged) using the unique test ID so that information (specifically bijective) can be assigned to a test case. A time stamp relates in particular to information that identifies when a particular event has occurred and is preferably used for logging a single event and / or a sequence of events. Time stamps relating to a test case may include the date and / or time when a test ID is created, when a notification to a user was initiated and / or sent and / or received by the user device of a user / patient / athlete to be tested. Likewise, a time stamp can be stored which identifies the start of the transmission (sending and / or receiving) of real-time information, such as an audio and / or video recording / stream. A location of the user / patient / athlete to be tested can also be determined, e.g. Using GPS / GLONASS / mobile communication network, and stored. Furthermore, the type of test sample obtained from the user, such as e.g. B. dried blood stain, urine, exhaled breath, saliva etc. and identification information of an associated / assigned test kit can be stored in the blockchain. In particular, a user / patient / athlete to be tested can have one or more test kits at hand, it being possible for a specific test kit to be required in order to be used for a specific test case. A test kit preferably has a unique identifier, such as a number or a (QR) code, so that a test kit can be clearly assigned to a specific user / patient / athlete and / or test case.

By storing at least part of the test case information in one or more blocks of a blockchain, it can be ensured that this test case information is not unknowingly changed / manipulated. As a result, the security of the authenticity and / or integrity of the stored test case information is improved. Blocks of the blockchain can be created sequentially according to the occurrence of events or the availability of information. In this way, the blockchain that relates to a specific test case can be expanded dynamically as a test case progresses. The above also applies to other aspects of the present invention which are described below.

Furthermore, a preferred approach to increasing the security of the validity / integrity / authentication of e.g. B. an audio / video recording with respect to a test case, the recording z. B. the taking of a test sample is documented, the generation of one or more digital signatures of the recording and the storage of the same in one or more blocks of a blockchain. A digital signature of e.g. B. a video recording can include identifying, extracting and / or combining characteristic components of a video recording so that a video can be uniquely identified by its resulting digital signature, similar to a fingerprint. Accordingly, if a video recording stored in a data memory is manipulated, modified and / or exchanged, the digital signature of the new video recording does not match the digital signature of the original video, so that an authenticity test of the new video recording will fail. A hash block of a blockchain is preferably generated which comprises one or more digital signatures from at least part of an audio / video recording.

In particular, test case information can include one or more: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; a test kit Identification information; a test sample analysis progress and / or a test sample result.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product, in particular in the form of a signal or data stream or tangibly stored on a computer-readable memory, comprising computer-readable instructions which, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the following steps: Receiving a notification regarding a test case to test the user; Sending authentication information of the user under test; Sending real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

In particular, test case information can include one or more: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress and / or a test sample result.

In order to ensure that remote tests are carried out on / with the actual user / patient / athlete to be tested, authentication of the user / patient / athlete is preferably required. Advantageously, authentication information, preferably multi-factor authentication (e.g. two-factor authentication), includes one or more: a signature of the user to be tested; password entry into the user device; a fingerprint; a face ID; a photo; a video recording / a video stream and / or an audio recording / an audio stream. An exemplary and particularly secure multi-factor authentication can include at least one knowledge factor (e.g. a password), at least one ownership factor (e.g. a specified user device) and / or at least one inherent factor (e.g. a biometric factor ) include.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product, in particular in the form of a signal or data stream or tangibly stored on a computer-readable memory, comprising computer-readable instructions which, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the following steps: Generating a test ID of a Test case for testing a user; Sending a notification regarding a test case to a user device of the user to be tested; Receiving and verifying authentication information of the user under test; Receiving real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

Advantageously, test case information includes one or more: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress; a test sample result.

In order to ensure that remote tests are carried out on / with the actual user / patient / athlete to be tested, authentication of the user / patient / athlete is preferably required. Advantageously, authentication information, preferably multi-factor authentication (e.g. two-factor authentication), includes one or more: a signature of the user to be tested; password entry into the user device; a fingerprint; a face ID; a photo; a video recording / a video stream and / or an audio recording / an audio stream. An exemplary and particularly secure multi-factor authentication can include at least one knowledge factor (e.g. a password), at least one ownership factor (e.g. a specified user device) and / or at least one inherent factor (e.g. a biometric factor ) include.

Advantageously, further steps include storing at least part of the test case information in a data memory and creating one or more unique blockchain hashes for at least part of the test case information.

A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a client device for remote testing of a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with instructions, the execution of the instructions causing the client device to carry out the following steps: Creating a test case to test a user; Initiating a notification to the user to be tested regarding the test case created; Receiving real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a user device of a user to be tested, in particular an athlete to be tested, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with instructions, the execution of the instructions causing the client device to perform the following steps: receiving a notification regarding a test case to test the user; Sending authentication information of the user under test; Sending real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

A sixth aspect of the invention relates to a server device which can be connected to a client device for remote testing of a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, and a user device of a user who is to be tested via a network, the server The device comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with instructions, the execution of the instructions causing the server device to perform the following steps: generating a test ID of a test case for testing a user; Sending a notification regarding a test case to a user device of the user to be tested; Receiving and verifying authentication information of the user under test; Receiving real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

The server device preferably comprises information about the user to be tested, test protocol (s) and / or one or more storage drives / databases and / or has access to them.

Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a system for remote testing of a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, comprising: the client device for remote testing of a user according to the fourth aspect of the present invention; the user device of a user to be tested according to the fifth aspect of the present invention; and the server device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.

With aspects of the present invention, the following method for remote testing of a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, can be carried out by a client device, in particular a client device of a doping control officer, the method comprising: creating a test case for testing a user ; Initiating a notification to the user to be tested regarding the test case created; Receiving real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

A corresponding method provides a digital and secure solution for testing a user using remote technology, preferably for use with at least one physical client device and one physical user device, e.g. B. be in communication via a network. A responsible person, d. H. a person who is authorized / trained to arrange and / or conduct a test, in particular a medical / doping test, can contact a user (e.g. a patient or an athlete) who is to be tested and can during give instructions and / or supervise the taking of a test sample, especially when he / she is not physically present.

Data security is increased by storing at least part of the information / data of the test case in a database using blockchain technology. In particular, the integrity and authenticity of the information / data recorded and stored on a digital data storage medium can be ensured, so that manipulations / forgeries are avoided or at least hindered.

The above method can also be carried out by a server device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.

With aspects of the present invention, the following computer-implemented method for remotely testing a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, can be performed by a user device of a user to be tested, the method comprising: receiving a notification regarding a test case for testing the user; Sending authentication information of the user under test; Sending real-time information about the extraction of a test sample from the user to be tested; being at least part of the Test case information related to the test case is stored using blockchain technology. Preferably the user device is a mobile device such as a smartphone, tablet, or laptop.

A corresponding method specifically enables a user to be tested (such as a patient or athlete) to be notified and / or monitored independently of his or her location using a user device such as a smartphone. In particular, this method does not require the user / patient / athlete to visit a facility for testing or for a responsible person (such as medically trained personnel and / or a doping control officer) to visit the user / patient / athlete. Thus, a test can be carried out spontaneously and independently of location, with communication between the responsible person and the user / patient / athlete e.g. B. is established via a user device and a client device. The removal of a test sample can also be monitored and documented, e.g. B. by a competent person such as the medically trained staff and / or the doping control officer, so that the removal of the test sample can be certified in accordance with the regulations.

Advantageously, further steps include storing at least part of the test case information in a data memory and creating one or more unique blockchain hashes for at least part of the test case information. At least part of the test case information relating to the test case is preferably stored by a distributed blockchain computer system that contains a plurality of computing nodes, each computing node storing a copy, or a part thereof, of the blockchain of the distributed blockchain computer system. Preferably the storing is performed by the user device or a server device or other device, e.g. B. a network device in connection with the user device and / or a server device.

With aspects of the present invention, the following computer-implemented method for remote testing of a user, in particular testing of an athlete for doping agents, can be performed by a server device, the method comprising: generating a test ID of a test case for testing a user; Sending a notification regarding a test case to a user device of the user to be tested; Receiving and verifying authentication information of the user under test; Receiving real-time information about the removal of a sample from the user under test; wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology.

With a corresponding method, a client device of a responsible person (such as a person who is authorized and / or trained to carry out and / or order testing of a user, such as a patient or athlete), and a user device of a user to be tested (such as a patient or an athlete) can be connected over a network so that remote testing according to aspects of the present invention can be performed. The method can be configured to generate a test ID for a specific test case that is created by a responsible person. In addition, the verification of authentication information of the user / patient / athlete to be tested and the storage of real-time information, such as B. a video recording / a video stream for documentation purposes.

Advantageously, further steps include storing at least part of the test case information in a data memory and creating one or more unique blockchain hashes for at least part of the test case information. At least part of the test case information relating to the test case is preferably stored by a distributed blockchain computer system that contains a plurality of computing nodes, each computing node storing a copy, or a part thereof, of the blockchain of the distributed blockchain computer system. The storage can be performed by the server device or some other device, e.g. B. a network device in connection with the server device.

Preferably, one of the aforementioned methods can furthermore comprise storing real-time information about the taking of a test sample on a data memory, preferably a data memory that differs from a data memory of the test information stored using blockchain technology, or the distributed blockchain computer system; wherein real-time information comprises one or more of: an audio recording / stream; a video recording / video stream; a photo. Real-time information relating to the taking of a test sample and / or the packaging of a test sample and / or the instructions from the user / patient / athlete to be tested are preferably securely stored in a data memory. Since real-time information can contain large files of data, it can be beneficial to store one or more digital signatures on a blockchain and store the actual real-time information separately. A corresponding and / or similar advantageous data storage management can reduce costs and / or computational effort. A decentralized data storage approach also increases the security of the stored data.

The authentication information, preferably multi-factor authentication (for example two-factor authentication), advantageously includes one or more: a signature of the user to be tested; password entry into the user device; a fingerprint; a face ID; a photo; a video recording / video stream; an audio recording / an audio stream. An exemplary multi-factor authentication can comprise at least one knowledge factor, at least one possession factor and / or at least one inherent factor (e.g. a biometric factor).

In the present invention, one type of test sample that is preferably taken comprises one or more of: blood (particularly GEL or EDTA); dried blood stain (DBS); Urine; Saliva; exhaled breath; Tear fluid; Tissue; a swab from an oral cavity, nose or throat and / or other body secretions. These or other samples can be taken from humans and / or animals, e.g. B. racehorses or jumping horses.

The present invention will be explained in further detail by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which specific embodiments are shown by way of example, the present invention being in no way limited by these specific embodiments.

Figure list

• 1 Figure 13 shows an exemplary process for remotely testing a user under test;
• 2 Figure 3 shows an exemplary system for remotely testing a user in accordance with an aspect of the invention;
• 3 Figure 13 is an architectural diagram of another exemplary system for remotely testing a user;
• 4th Figure 13 is an architectural diagram of another exemplary system for remotely testing a user.

Description of specific embodiments

1 Figure 12 shows an exemplary process for testing a user / patient / athlete under test that can be performed by aspects of the present invention. The present example relates to a particularly preferred process for testing an athlete for doping agents, e.g. B. by a doping control officer from an anti-doping agency. However, the same or a similar procedure can be performed for an ordinary user or patient to be tested. Accordingly, a responsible or authorized person can carry out / monitor the test. In particular, steps can be omitted, added and / or arranged or ordered alternatively.

At least part of the test information relating to a test case is preferably recorded / stored in a data memory in order to log / document the progress of the test case. It is particularly advantageous that at least some of the test information is securely stored, e.g. B. by using encryption and / or blockchain technology to avoid / hinder manipulation and / or forgery.

• Im Folgenden wird ein Beispiel in Bezug auf ein Szenario beschrieben, in dem ein Dopingkontrollbeamter eine Dopingkontrolle eines Athleten durchführt oder überwacht. Es versteht sich jedoch, dass die vorliegende Offenbarung gleichermaßen für die Durchführung eines Tests (z. B. eines COVID19-Tests) eines anderen Benutzers (wie eines Patienten) durch eine zuständige Person wie einen (z. B. staatlichen) Gesundheitsbeauftragten, eine medizinisch geschulte Person oder dergleichen anwendbar ist. Für den Fall, dass der Athlet (als exemplarischer Benutzer) getestet werden soll, kann der Dopingkontrollbeamte (als exemplarische zuständige Person) einen Testfall (S1) erstellen und Einzelheiten zu dem durchzuführenden Test angeben. Vorzugsweise kann der Dopingkontrollbeamte auf eine Datenbank mit Athleteninformationen zugreifen, z. B. über ein Webschnittstelle oder ein Software-Tool.

A blockchain is advantageously created which relates to a specific test case and comprises a plurality of hash blocks which contain test case information. As in 1 shown causes a specific event, e.g. B. S2 , the generation of a hash block B1 that contains at least some of the test case information referring to S2 Respectively. A subsequent event, e.g. B. S3 , causes another hash block to be generated B2 that contains at least some of the test case information referring to S3 and which is linked to B1, creating a blockchain for the test case. Accordingly, a test case-specific blockchain is created that contains test case information and advantageously a time stamp of the creation of one or more of the blocks. A more detailed example is described below:

• The following is an example of a scenario where a doping control officer is performing or monitoring a doping control of an athlete. It is to be understood, however, that the present disclosure is equally applicable to the performance of a test (e.g. a COVID19 test) of another user (such as a patient) by a responsible person such as a (e.g. state) health officer, a medical trained person or the like is applicable. In the event that the athlete (as an exemplary user) is to be tested, the doping control officer (as an exemplary responsible person) can create a test case ( S1 ) and provide details of the test to be performed. Preferably, the doping control officer can access a database of athlete information, e.g. B. via a web interface or a software tool.

For example, details of the test to be performed can include one or more: test date, test time, type of sample taken, etc. The athlete information can include one or more: name, address, date of birth, gender, nationality, height, weight, association, sport, discipline, Test pool etc. Optionally, the doping control officer can review the stored data and / or add comments and / or change data.

Based on at least some of these details and / or information, a unique test identification (test ID) is generated ( S2 ). The test ID preferably corresponds to a distinguishing label for identifying a specific test case and / or its associated test case information and / or test sample. For example, the test ID, a time stamp for generating the test ID and preferably other test case information such as B. Type of sample taken, name, date of birth and gender of the athlete to be tested are stored in a hash block, which becomes the genesis block of the blockchain of the special test case. In particular, the unique test identification (test ID) identifies the specific test case and / or the associated test case information and / or the test sample bijectively.

The doping control officer may schedule a test, ie select a predefined date and / or time at which a notification is sent to a user device, e.g. B. a smartphone or a computer to be sent to the athlete to be tested to inform the athlete that a test is to be carried out ( S3 ). Alternatively and / or additionally, the doping control officer can initiate a notification of the athlete to be tested at any time. In the present example, a time stamp (specifically indicating the date and / or time at which a notification is initiated) is placed in a second hash block B2 saved, the one with the first block / genesis block B1 is linked.

Accordingly, a notification is sent to the user device of the athlete to be tested ( S4 ) and preferably an associated time stamp in a third hash block B3 that extends the test case blockchain. Advantageously, a server device connected to the doping control officer's user device and client device sends a notification to the user device. The notification can trigger an acoustic and / or visual and / or haptic alarm by / on the user device in order to notify the athlete.

Upon receipt of the notification, the athlete must respond to the notification ( S5 ). Such a response may include opening a smartphone application or a software program on a laptop. In the event that the athlete replies to the notification, a time stamp of the reply is preferably in a fourth hash block B4 the test case blockchain.

Optionally, the athlete can have a specified or pre-defined time window to respond to the notification. If the athlete does not respond to the notification within the specified or predefined time window, the athlete can e.g. B. can be contacted in separate ways such as telephone, messaging and / or email. If this is not successful, the notification can optionally be deleted and a corresponding note recorded / saved. In this way, a further attempt to notify the athlete can advantageously be carried out without the athlete expecting or anticipating this.

An authentication of the athlete to be tested can advantageously be requested. The authentication can include the athlete having a signature, password, fingerprint, face ID, photo, video recording or video stream, audio recording / stream and / or other type of response to a Sends request ( S6 ). Preferably, multi-factor authentication is requested, e.g. B. including a generated code that is sent to the user for insertion in a corresponding input field of a smartphone application. Information relating to the type of request or the type of authentication information sent and / or a corresponding time stamp of the receipt are preferably stored in a further hash block B5 which complements the test case blockchain.

The authentication is verified ( S7 ), preferably by the server device connected to the user device of the athlete to be tested and / or by the client device of the doping control officer. At least some of the information related to the authentication process is in the hash block B6 saved, especially an unsuccessful authentication attempt.

It should be noted that an authentication method ( S6 and S7 ) can take place at a later or earlier point in the testing process. Correspondingly, the corresponding hash blocks can be positioned at another point in the test case blockchain.

After successful authentication of the athlete to be tested, real-time information, such as a video recording or a video stream, can be sent (continuously or intermittently) from the user device to the server device and / or to the client device of the doping control officer (in particular in real time) be streamed ( S8 ).

According to a particularly advantageous example, a two-way video feed or stream is established between the control officer's client device and the user device of the athlete to be tested. This enables communication between the doping control officer and the athlete during the testing process.

To facilitate the documentation of the test process, at least part of the real-time information is preferably recorded and / or stored in a data memory. This information is preferably encrypted and / or hashed in order to avoid manipulation / processing of the stored information. One or more time stamps which relate to the transmission of real-time information can advantageously be in a seventh hash block B7 saved with B6. the test case blockchain is linked, e.g. B the start of a video feed / stream.

Another person can optionally join the test process for observation, advantageously by receiving at least part of a video feed or stream.

Preferably the athlete confirms consent to the tests to be performed. This may involve the athlete signing a letter of consent and / or confirming his or her consent via the user device. The athlete can also receive information such as: B. in relation to the test to be carried out and / or the authorization of the anti-doping agency and / or the doping control officer. In addition, an additional athlete authentication / identification can take place: For example, athlete information can be presented to the doping control officer specifically via the client device, on the basis of which the doping control officer can verify whether the athlete to be tested has actually been contacted and / or answered. One or more requests can also be generated, e.g. B. a security question to be answered by the athlete. At least part of the corresponding information can be stored or supplemented in one or more hash blocks of the test case blockchain.

Preferably, the doping control officer gives the athlete (via the client device and / or the user device) instructions regarding the collection of a test sample. This may in particular contain instructions for taking the test sample, e.g. B. Location of a swab, location of a minimally invasive skin puncture, etc. In addition, the athlete can be given a specific container / test sample kit for the collection and / or storage / packaging of the collected test sample.

A test sample should preferably be taken according to defined or predefined steps and / or according to a defined or predefined procedure ( S9 ) respectively. The doping control officer and / or the athlete can make notes / comments regarding the collection of the test sample for documentation purposes, which can be stored in a database and / or in the blockchain.

A recording of the removal of a test sample, preferably a video recording, is advantageously stored securely in a data memory. In order to avoid or at least hinder manipulation, the recording can be encrypted and / or provided with a watermark, e.g. B. comprehensive the unique test ID.

A hash block of a blockchain can preferably be generated which comprises a hashed digital signature (“fingerprint”) of at least part of the video recording. More specifically, a digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents and that the message / document has not been changed. Such a digital signature can be in one block B8 the test case blockchain.

At least part of the blockchain is advantageously publicly accessible in order to provide transparency and verification options. Alternatively or additionally, a time stamp of the sampling and / or a time stamp of a video recording can be stored in a hash block of the test case blockchain. Preferably, the transmission of real-time information can be terminated after the test sample has been properly packaged / sealed.

The type of sample taken by the user can be, for example, one or more: blood (in particular GEL or EDTA); dried blood sample; Serum; Urine; Saliva; exhaled breath; Tear fluid; Tissue; a swab from an oral cavity, nose, or throat; and / or other body secretions. The athlete should preferably be provided with an appropriate test kit / packaging. The the respective test kit has a unique identifier, such as B. a number or a (QR) code so that a test kit can be clearly assigned to a specific user / patient / athlete and / or test case. The unique identifier of the test kit is stored in a corresponding database and / or in the blockchain.

• Ein getrockneter Blutfleck enthält einen auf Filterpapier getrockneten Tropfen Vollblut und stellt eine Technik zur minimal-invasiven Probenentnahme in einer Vielzahl von analytischen Disziplinen dar, z. B. Überwachung therapeutischer Arzneimittel, präklinische Arzneimittelentwicklung und diagnostische Analyse von Stoffwechselstörungen bei Neugeborenen. Die Probenahme von getrockneten Blutflecken zeichnet sich durch Kosteneffizienz, Unkompliziertheit, Robustheit und erleichterte Lager- und Versandbedingungen aus. Auch die Authentizität einer Probe kann - wenn sie in Frage gestellt wird - durch DNA sichergestellt werden. Der zu testende Benutzer kann eine Probe für den Test des getrockneten Blutflecks entnehmen.

Particularly advantageous test samples to be taken from a user to be tested are, for. B. Dried blood stain and / or exhaled breath:

• A dried blood stain contains a drop of whole blood dried on filter paper and is a technique for minimally invasive sampling in a variety of analytical disciplines, e.g. B. Therapeutic drug monitoring, preclinical drug development, and diagnostic analysis of metabolic disorders in newborns. The sampling of dried blood stains is characterized by cost efficiency, simplicity, robustness and simplified storage and shipping conditions. The authenticity of a sample can also - if it is questioned - be ensured by DNA. The user to be tested can take a sample for testing the dried blood stain.

Exhaled breath contains aerosols from the lungs and / or blood. These aerosols contain informative information on diagnostics, therapy and analysis. This technique is convenient, reliable and inexpensive. It's a non-invasive way of collecting chemicals in your breath, such as: B. Disease detection, exposure monitoring, and drug metabolism.

After taking the test sample, the athlete seals and packs the container / test kit ( S10 ). Optionally, a GPS tracker and / or a logging device can be placed in the package for tracking / monitoring the package. Advantageously, a logging device can comprise one or more sensors for measuring environmental conditions, such as e.g. B. temperature, air pressure and / or lighting, and can save / transfer the data. Preferably the packaging and sending process ( S10 , S11 ) monitored by the doping control officer and specially recorded by video or otherwise documented and securely stored in a data memory. In particular, the athlete can upload a photo of the receipt and / or submit a tracking number from the delivery company. Alternatively, a deliverer can pick up the package. In particular, information to be logged in the system (which is specifically stored in a database and / or in the blockchain) can include one or more: agent, date, facility, logistics service provider, waybill or tracking number, driver name / number, driver's signature, Date and time of delivery, name of the recipient of the package, position of the recipient and / or the recipient's signature. At least some of the information relating to the dispatch of the package can be encrypted and / or protected by blockchain technology, as described above. In particular, information relating to the test kit used and / or a time stamp of the packaging can be in block B9 saved with the previously created block B8 the test case blockchain is linked. Similarly, information relating to the shipping of a package containing the test sample can be found in a further block B10 associated with B9.

The further process of analyzing the test sample, e.g. B. in a laboratory, is preferably stored on a data memory. Corresponding information can include one or more: arrival at the laboratory / test center, test status of the test sample, test result. Preferably, at least part of this information can be stored in an essentially tamper-proof manner, e.g. B. using blockchain technology. If the information is available, one or more hash blocks can advantageously be created which contain at least part of the information and are linked to the existing test case blockchain.

• - Optional kann der Athlet einen Identifizierungsprozess durchgeführt haben, bevor er über den vorliegenden Ferntest getestet werden kann. Beispielsweise kann der Athlet eine Anwendung auf einer Benutzervorrichtung wie einem Smartphone installiert und einen Registrierungs-/Erstidentifizierungsprozess durchgeführt haben.
• - Ein solcher Prozess kann das Verbinden mit einer Server-Vorrichtung und die Authentifizierung z. B. über einen Einladungscode beinhalten, der von einer Anti-Doping-Agentur gesendet wird.
• - Der Athlet kann Authentifizierungsinformationen zur Authentifizierung senden, bevor der Test über das Ferntestsystem durchgeführt wird.
• - Der Athlet kann eine Art der Kontaktaufnahme festlegen, z. B. durch eine E-Mail-Adresse und/oder eine Telefonnummer.
• - Der Athlet kann ein oder mehrere Testkits zur Durchführung des Tests erhalten, vorzugsweise im Vorfeld und/oder vor der Benachrichtigung durch einen Dopingkontrollbeamten.
• - Der Dopingkontrollbeamte oder der Athlet kann ein spezifisches Testkit auswählen, das dem Athleten zur Entnahme einer Testprobe des Athleten zur Verfügung steht. Vorzugsweise kann eine Kennung, wie eine ID-Nummer und/oder ein QR-Code, die auf einem Testkit angegeben sind, sicherstellen, dass das richtige Testkit verwendet wird.
• - Die im Vorfeld an den Athleten gesendeten Testkits sind insbesondere vorregistriert, d. h. die Testkits sind mit der Kennung, wie der ID-Nummer und/oder dem QR-Code, versehen. Bei Auswahl des Testkits ruft der Athlet die entsprechende Kennung (z. B. durch Scannen des Codes) des verwendeten Kits ab. Alternativ kann der Athlet aufgefordert werden, ein erhaltenes Testkit zu registrieren, so dass eine Verfügbarkeit eines Testkits für den Dopingkontrollbeamten ersichtlich ist.
• - Falls die Situation eintritt, dass der Athlet nicht direkt an dem Test teilnehmen kann - z. B. aufgrund einer Medaillenzeremonie - kann mit dem Senden und/oder Empfangen von Echtzeitinformationen begonnen werden und die autorisierte Person/ein Dopingkontrollbeamter kann jede Bewegung des Athleten überwachen, bis er zum Testen bereit ist.
• - Zumindest ein Teil dieser Echtzeitinformationen kann zu Dokumentationszwecken in einer Datenbank und/oder der Blockchain gespeichert werden.

The in 1 The process shown and described above represents a particularly advantageous example to be carried out by aspects of the present invention. It goes without saying, however, that a sequence of steps carried out in this example can be changed and / or steps can be omitted and / or combined differently without departing from the present disclosure. Additional steps may also be taken, specifically one or more of the following:

• - Optionally, the athlete can have carried out an identification process before he can be tested using the remote test at hand. For example, the athlete may have installed an application on a user device such as a smartphone and performed a registration / initial identification process.
• - Such a process may involve connecting to a server device and authenticating e.g. B. contain an invitation code sent by an anti-doping agency.
• - The athlete can send authentication information for authentication before running the test through the remote test system.
• - The athlete can specify a method of contact, e.g. B. by an email address and / or a telephone number.
• - The athlete can receive one or more test kits for performing the test, preferably in advance and / or prior to notification by a doping control officer.
• - The doping control officer or the athlete can select a specific test kit that is available to the athlete to collect a test sample from the athlete. An identifier, such as an ID number and / or a QR code, which are specified on a test kit, can preferably ensure that the correct test kit is used.
• - The test kits sent to the athlete in advance are in particular pre-registered, ie the test kits are provided with an identifier such as the ID number and / or the QR code. When the test kit is selected, the athlete retrieves the corresponding identifier (e.g. by scanning the code) of the kit used. Alternatively, the athlete can be asked to register a test kit received so that the availability of a test kit can be seen by the doping control officer.
• - If the situation arises that the athlete cannot directly take part in the test - e.g. Due to a medal ceremony - real-time information can be started to be sent and / or received and the authorized person / doping control officer can monitor every movement of the athlete until he is ready to test.
• - At least part of this real-time information can be stored in a database and / or the blockchain for documentation purposes.

2 Figure 11 shows an example of a system for remotely testing a user who is a client device 10 z. B. an authorized person (such as a doping control officer or a health officer) a user device 20th a user to be tested (such as an athlete or patient), e.g. A smartphone, and a server device 30th in connection with the client device 10 and / or the user device 20th contains, and preferably one or more databases or data stores 40 , 50 includes or has access to information to obtain and / or store.

As in 2 shown, the server device 30th be configured to establish a connection between the client device 10 and the user device 20th provide, e.g. B. over a network such as the Internet or a mobile communication network. Alternatively or additionally, a direct connection can be established between the client device 10 and the user device 20th getting produced. One or more additional client devices can also be used 10 and / or user devices 20th provided and / or connected.

In the example of 2 comprises the server device 30th several (e.g. two) databases / data stores, namely a data store 40 and a data store 50 . This is particularly advantageous because either a backup of at least part of the information to be stored can be created and / or information to be stored can be created via a plurality of (e.g. 2, 3, 4 ...) data memories for increased security and / or advantageous data storage management.

Information to be saved can contain test case information such as: B. personal information of the user under test; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress and / or a test sample result. At least part of the test case information is advantageously stored in a blockchain which comprises a plurality of hash blocks with increased security.

In addition, information to be stored may include real-time information received from a client device 10 and / or a user device 20th and / or a server device 30th sent / received, such as B. an audio recording / stream; a video recording / video stream and / or a photo of a test sample taken and / or a test sample packaging.

An exemplary client device 10 According to one aspect of the present invention, it is configured to carry out testing of a user, wherein preferably the client device 10 Allow the responsible person (such as the doping control officer) to create a test case to test the user (such as the athlete). The client device 10 can also be configured to initiate a notification that is sent to the user to be tested, in particular via the user device 20th is to be sent to inform the user about the test case to be executed. Preferably is the client device 10 configured to send and receive real-time information to and from the user under test. Such real-time information can be one or more audio recordings or audio streams; contain a video recording / a video stream and / or a photo, in particular for instructing and / or monitoring the user to be tested. Advantageously, at least part of the real-time information and / or at least part of the real-time information is encrypted and / or hashed and stored in a blockchain that includes a plurality of hash blocks to increase security.

An exemplary user device 20th of a user under test is configured to perform (or assist in) testing of a user, the user device 20th receive a notification regarding a test case, send authentication information of the user and / or real-time information for documentation of the extraction of a test sample. Such real-time information can be one or more audio recordings / audio streams; contain a video recording / a video stream and / or a photo, in particular for receiving instructions and / or for allowing monitoring of the user to be tested. Preferably, the user device 20th be a smartphone, tablet, or laptop with a camera that connects to the client device 10 and / or the server device 30th configured to send and / or receive information.

Advantageously, the client devices 10 , the user device 20th and / or the server device 30th configured so that they (at least temporarily) store information, in particular at least part of the test case information, in one or more data memories, preferably by creating one or more clearer blockchain hashes for at least part of the test case information.

This is particularly advantageous for test case information to identify the integrity of a test sample / kit, thereby improving the protection of the test case information.

For example, real-time information that documents the removal of a sample can be stored in the data memory 40 are stored, preferably one or more time stamps and / or digital signatures of at least part of the video on another data storage medium 50 are preferably stored using one or more hash blocks of a blockchain.

As described above, one or more digital signatures of at least part of the transmitted real-time information can be stored in a test case blockchain. By verifying one or more securely stored digital signatures, it can be verified whether a recording of real-time information is changed / manipulated. Advantageously, increased security can be achieved by storing the real-time information in a data memory separately from the digital signature (s), such as the data memory 40 and the data store 50 .

Advantageously, at least part of the test case information relating to a test case is stored by a distributed blockchain computer system that contains a plurality of computing nodes, each computing node storing a copy, or a part thereof, of the blockchain of the distributed blockchain computer system. In this way, even greater protection of the test case information can be obtained in order to further prevent or at least hinder forgeries / manipulations. Since every node includes a copy of at least part of the blockchain, all copies would have to be manipulated in order not to damage the blockchain.

3 Figure 13 is an architectural diagram of an exemplary system for remotely testing a user using a client device 10 , a user device 20th and a server device 30th includes.

Before a test of a user (such as an athlete) is initiated, the user (athlete) can receive an invitation document, e.g. B. a welcome letter from an administrator or an authorized person or a doping control officer instructing the installation of an application on the user device 20th (e.g. the smartphone 20th of a user / athlete). In particular, the invitation document contains a QR code with which the user can apply the specific application to the user device 20th can download.

A registration process can be carried out. For example, the user (athlete) opens the application, enters (e.g. types) an invitation access code and / or enters and / or confirms a telephone number.

After registration, the user (athlete) can access the remote test system and can e.g. B. Enter or paste personal information that is in a data store 60 the server device 30th get saved. The user / athlete must be aware that after registration he can be notified at any time about tests, in particular anti-doping tests

An authorized person, such as a doping control officer of an anti-doping organization or agency, can access a web interface on a client device 10 access. The doping control officer receives access to the administration service via the web interface (in particular with signature and / or encryption using, for example, a JSON web token or JWT access) 80 on a server device 30th to manage test cases. Accordingly, the doping control officer can create a new test case.

The administrative service advantageously has 80 Access to a user (athlete) database that is useful for test case creation. User (athlete) information can be reviewed and / or modified / adjusted by the doping control officer. Using the administration service 80 one or more tests over a period of time, e.g. B. be planned over a calendar year,

When creating and / or planning a test case, a unique test ID is generated for a test case, which is preferably used to mark and / or identify information / data relating to the respective test case.

Test case information is preferably stored on the data store using blockchain technology 50 saved. In particular, a hash block can be created and stored in at least one data store 50 which contains at least the unique test ID of the test case.

As a test case progresses, a corresponding test case blockchain is created and expanded, including one or more hash blocks that contain one or more time stamps of certain events and / or comments / notes / information regarding the test case.

At a specified or defined time, the doping control officer can send a notification to the user / athlete to be tested. The user (athlete) can use a remote test application on their user device 20th accept or reject. If a user (athlete) refuses, an unsuccessful attempt can be logged by the administration service, preferably in a hash block of a test case blockchain on the data store 50 (like a No-SQL (Semi-SQL & Semi-NoSQL)). Append-only database that provides an immutable, transparent and / or cryptographically verifiable transaction log that belongs specifically to a central authority, e.g. B. Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS)).

The doping control officer can leave a comment / note with information contained in the test case blockcahin in the data store 50 can be saved, along with a timestamp for sending the notification included.

When a user (athlete) accepts, real-time information is shared between the client device 10 and the user device 20th transferred, e.g. B. in the form of a video call (video streaming). In the example of 3 this is done using a private video conferencing tool or service 90 such as Jitsi, MS Teams, Webex, Skype or the like.

In particular, the doping control officer and the user / athlete follow the procedure for the defined test method for taking a test sample. A recording of the videos documenting the taking of the test sample is stored in the data memory 40 saved.

The doping control officer can use the web interface / administration service 80 on those in the data store 40 access saved videos.

One or more digital signatures of a video are preferably generated and stored in one or more hash blocks in the test case blockchain on the data memory 50 stored to ensure the authenticity of the recording (s).

After providing a test sample, the user / athlete packs the test sample in a provided package. Optionally, a tracking sensor can be activated that is configured to record environmental data and / or the location / route of the package. The packaging or the test kit is advantageously sealable / tamper-proof. The user / athlete brings the sample to the post office and / or hands it over to a delivery service. In particular, the user takes a photo of the receipt and / or provides a shipment tracking number and sends this to the server device 30th which it saves in a hash block of the test case blockchain.

The server device 30th can also have a data memory 60 with defined rights of a doping control officer and / or an athlete or have access to them. In particular, an athlete's rights can be limited to only his own test cases by a test service using the on his user device 20th installed app. Accordingly, a user / athlete can access a test service via the smartphone app 70 access to receive information about performed test cases, and can review test case information that is on the data storage 50 are stored. In contrast, a doping control officer may have access to various and / or additional information, such as the facility where the test sample will be analyzed.

The further progress of a test case, in particular a test result / report, is recorded in one or more hash blocks of the test case blockchain in the data memory 50 which the doping officer and the user / athlete can access via a web interface or a Femtest app.

4th Figure 13 shows an architectural diagram of another exemplary system for remotely testing a user, the system preferably being based on a ledger database containing immutable and transparent, cryptographically verifiable data and a client device 10 and a user device 20th includes.

Test case information (or at least a portion thereof) relating to a test case can be obtained from a client device 10 such as a personal computer or laptop, and / or a user device 20th , such as a smartphone, to a data storage device 50 transmitted / sent. The data store 50 may preferably comprise a Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB). Test case information (or at least part of it) can be in the data store 50 are stored, wherein test case information can contain in particular: personal information of the user to be tested, such as. B. Relevant athlete data; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress and / or a final test report.

An essentially append-only or only appendage and / or unchangeable test case journal for changes is preferably generated and stored in the data memory 50 saved. The test case journal can contain one or more changes to test case information, in particular a current test case value and / or a test case progress status and / or older information relating to the test case. A user, in particular a patient and / or an athlete, and / or a responsible person, such as a doping control officer, can access the journal in order to obtain test case information stored in the test case journal. A test case can preferably contain one or more successive, cryptographically verifiable entries of one or more changes to information, in particular additional and / or updated test case information of the corresponding test case, such as B. a test case progress. A single block is advantageously created which contains at least part of the test case information and / or one or more changes to at least part of the test case information. Blocks are preferably chained together to form a hash blockchain for increased protection. Preferably, cryptographically verifiable data is obtained from at least part of the test case information by hashing using a hash function, e.g. B. based on the standard SHA-3, SHA-256, SHA-512, MD5, BLAKE 3 or Keccak-256.

Claims (13)

Computer program product comprising computer readable instructions that, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the steps: Creating a test case for testing a user (S1); Initiating a notification of the user to be tested with regard to the test case created (S3); Receiving real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8); wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using blockchain technology. Computer program product according to Claim 1 wherein the test case information comprises one or more of: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress; a test sample result. Computer program product, comprising computer-readable instructions which, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the steps of: receiving a notification regarding a test case for testing the user (S4); Sending authentication information of the user to be tested (S6); Sending real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8); wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology. Computer program product according to Claim 3 wherein the test case information comprises one or more of: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID of the test case; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress; a test sample result. Computer program product according to Claim 3 or 4th , wherein the authentication information, preferably a two-factor authentication, comprises one or more: a signature of the user to be tested; password entry into the user device; a fingerprint; a face ID; a photo; a video recording / video stream; an audio recording / stream. Computer program product comprising computer readable instructions that, loaded and executed on a suitable system, perform the steps: Generating a test ID of a test case for testing a user (S2); Sending a notification regarding a test case to a user device (20) of the user to be tested (S4); Receiving and verifying authentication information of the user to be tested (S7); Receiving real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8); wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology. Computer program product according to Claim 6 wherein the test case information comprises one or more of: personal information of the user to be tested; a test ID; a timestamp of the creation of a test ID; a timestamp of a notification to the user under test; a timestamp of receipt of real-time information; a location of the user device; a timestamp of an audio recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of an audio recording; a timestamp of a video recording; a digital signature of at least a portion of a video recording; a kind of a test sample taken; test kit identification information; a test sample analysis progress; a test sample result. Computer program product according to Claim 6 or 7th , further performing the step of: storing real-time information about the extraction of a test sample in a database; wherein real-time information comprises one or more of: an audio recording / stream; a video recording / video stream; a photo. Computer program product according to one of the Claims 6 to 8th , the authentication information, preferably a two-factor authentication, comprising one or more: a signature of the user to be tested; password entry into the user device; a fingerprint; a face ID; a photo; a video recording / video stream; an audio recording / stream; Client device (10) for remote testing of a user, in particular testing of an athlete for doping agents, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with instructions, the execution of the instructions causing the client device to carry out the following steps: Creating a test case for testing a user (S1); Initiating a notification of the user to be tested with regard to the test case created (S3); Receiving real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8); wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology. User device (20) of a user to be tested, in particular an athlete to be tested, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with instructions, the execution of the instructions causing the client device (20) to carry out the following steps: Receiving a notification regarding a test case for testing the user (S4); Sending authentication information of the user to be tested (S6); Sending real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8); wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology. Server device (30) which can be connected to a client device (10) for remote testing of a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, and to a user device (20) of a user who is to be tested via a network, the server - The device (30) comprises a non-transitory computer readable storage medium with instructions, the execution of the instructions causing the server device (30) to perform the following steps: Generating a test ID of a test case for testing a user (S2); Sending a notification regarding a test case to a user device (20) of the user to be tested (S4); Receiving and verifying authentication information of the user to be tested (S7); Receiving real-time information about the removal of a test sample from the user to be tested (S8); wherein at least part of the test case information relating to the test case is stored using the blockchain technology. System for remotely testing a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents, comprising: the client device (10) for remotely testing a user, in particular testing an athlete for doping agents Claim 10 ; the user device (20) of a user to be tested, in particular an athlete to be tested Claim 11 ; and the server device (30) according to Claim 12 .

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