DE202018006319U1 - Charging system for electric vehicle depots - Google Patents

Abstract

System (2) for charging accumulators (3) of electrically drivable vehicles by means of a plurality of chargers (L) which can be coupled to one another within a group (G) for passing on charging power, each of which has a connection (6) for charging one of the accumulators (3) .
wherein at least one charger (L), referred to below as the "occupied charger", is assigned or can be assigned an incompletely charged accumulator (3) for charging,
wherein no accumulator (3) is connected to at least one charger (L) referred to below as "free charger" or a connected accumulator (3) is either fully charged or is not charged for other reasons, the free charger (L) in is able to transfer charging power to other chargers (L),
a free charger (L) with an available connection (6) being a charger (L) to which an accumulator (3) can be connected,
the chargers (L) are each assigned a priority (7), the priorities (7) each being different and unique in their amount,
the system (2) being designed to assign the accumulators (3) in the time sequence of their arrival the free charger (L), which has the highest priority among the free chargers (L), the connection (6) of which is available (7), whereby the previously free charger (L) becomes the occupied charger (L), and
wherein at least one free charger (L) can be automatically coupled to that of the occupied charger (L), which is assigned the highest priority (7) of the occupied charger (L), so that the charging power of the at least one free charger (L) to the occupied charger (L) of the highest priority (7) is passed on and the accumulator (3) connected to the occupied charger (L) of the highest priority (7) with the sum of the charging powers of the occupied charger (L) of the highest priority (7) and the at least one free charger (L) is charged or is chargeable.

Description

The present invention relates to the charging of batteries of electrically drivable vehicles. In particular, the present invention relates to the charging of batteries from vehicle fleets, such as bus fleets, as they occur in local public transport, delivery vehicle fleets, as they occur with parcel services and courier service providers, and other vehicle fleets, such as those of a car sharing service or a car rental company. In particular, the present invention relates to a system for charging batteries of electrically drivable vehicles and to a use in this regard, in particular for depots with numerous charging points.

Electrically drivable vehicles in the sense of the present invention - hereinafter also referred to briefly as electric vehicles - are those which can be moved, ie driven, with an electric motor. For this purpose, electrically drivable vehicles have accumulators, that is to say energy stores for intermediate storage and later delivery of electrical energy.

Electrically drivable vehicles are, in particular, purely electric vehicles such as electric cars, electric buses, electric motorcycles, electric scooters or electric bicycles or so-called plug-in hybrid vehicles, which, in addition to an accumulator and an electric drive such as an electric motor, are also set up to use another energy store, for example fuel in Combination with an internal combustion engine for direct drive or for generating electrical energy, hydrogen in combination with a fuel cell or the like.

It is common to the electric vehicles in the sense of the present invention that their batteries can be charged by a device separate from the electric vehicle. For this purpose, an external charger with a connection cable is regularly used, which can be used with the respective electric vehicle to create an electrical connection and to supply the battery with electrical energy via this electrical connection, so that it is charged. In principle, a charger, such as a charge controller or having a charge controller, can also be provided in the electric vehicle or partially provided in the electric vehicle. A place where a charger can be connected to an accumulator is also called a charging point.

The WO 2013/023701 A1 relates in this context to the provision of electrical energy for electric vehicles, at least part of an electrical energy provided for one session which has not been called up being made available to at least one other session, the session being, for example, a charging process for an electric vehicle. In other words, charging power is transferred from one charger to another charger in order to accelerate the charging process with the other charger. The associated redistribution of charging power has proven to be a basically useful approach, but as the number of chargers available in a system increases, complexity quickly arises that is difficult to handle. This applies in particular to the case in which the charge states and / or ranges of numerous vehicles or their accumulators are to be taken into account.

The EP 3 184 353 A1 relates to a charging system for electric vehicles, in which different chargers can be interconnected so that charging power can be passed on from one charger to another charger. Depending on a "shortfall power" and a "rank value", it is determined which chargers are connected to each other to forward charging power.

The present invention takes into account special features of systems with numerous chargers for charging accumulators in accordance with numerous electric vehicles. For example, this can be a number of more than nine chargers, particularly preferably at least 15 or 20 chargers. In this context, complexity quickly arises, which can lead to unforeseen system states and thus impair the manageability, the level of the production costs and the reliability.

Against this background, it is the object of the present invention to provide a system for charging accumulators of electrically drivable vehicles and also, whereby a reliable charging of electrically drivable vehicles is also possible for larger vehicle fleets.

This object is achieved by a system according to protection claim 1. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

A first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for charging accumulators of electrically drivable vehicles by means of a plurality of charging devices. These chargers can be coupled to one another within a group to pass on charging power. Furthermore, the chargers each have a connection for charging one of the batteries - colloquially called charging one of the vehicles.

The charging devices are each designed to supply at least one accumulator with electrical energy, so that the accumulator stores the electrical energy and can deliver it to a later drive, for example to an electric motor.

The chargers can be coupled to one another, for example, by means of electrical coupling devices, coupling preferably being understood to mean that an electrical, in particular galvanic, connection is established, via which an electrical current can flow, so that electrical energy is transferred. This is usually implemented by switches and / or electrical lines such as cables.

The coupling preferably leads to the charging power, that is to say an electrical energy emitted by a charger for the purpose of charging a rechargeable battery, being transferred in any case over a certain period of time. In this case, a current flow is generated from one to another charger, the other charger being able to bring the battery connected to it to a corresponding state of charge more quickly, ie in a shorter time, on the basis of the electrical energy received.

A charger is referred to below as an “occupied charger” if an incompletely charged accumulator for charging is assigned to it, in particular connected to it. This means that an occupied charger is preferably in a state in which it feeds electrical energy into an accumulator in order to prepare this accumulator for future supply of electrical energy to the drive of the vehicle.

In the following, a charger is also referred to as a “free charger”, which at the present time does not charge an accumulator directly or with the connection of which one of the accumulators is not connected to an accumulator or to which no accumulator is assigned. Alternatively, the battery connected to the free charger is fully charged or is not currently being charged for other reasons. In other words, a free charger is capable of delivering charging power to other charging devices, in particular by not calling up charging power locally or not all of the power provided by the charger on the free charger.

In the first aspect of the present invention, at least one priority is assigned or can be assigned to the occupied charging devices. Each charger is preferably assigned or can be assigned a priority. The priorities are preferably different in their amount and unique. In this way, the chargers can be differentiated from one another, on the other hand, charging management of the group or several groups of chargers can be carried out on the basis of the different priorities of the chargers, as explained below.

The respective accumulators of the electric vehicles are assigned to specific chargers based on the priorities. It is provided here that the respective accumulators are assigned to the respective rechargeable batteries - one after the other in time - which has the highest priority among the free chargers. This turns the previously free charger into an occupied charger. It is furthermore a prerequisite for the assignment of the free chargers that the free charger with the highest priority is assigned, which has an available connection, that is to say has not been assigned previously.

So the battery of an electric vehicle is assigned to the charger with the highest priority. This priority can be clearly determined by the fact that all priorities are different and unique. The accumulator is preferably charged with the assigned charger. For this purpose, the accumulator can be supplied with electrical energy via the connection of the assigned charger.

The assignment is preferably (automatically) in particular when or when an electric vehicle or accumulator arrives at the system or in the depot for the electric vehicles. The assignment can be made in advance or by connecting to the charger. In one variant, it is also possible for the charger to be given priority by connecting the electric vehicle. It is preferred that the charging devices have specific, predefined and preferably unchangeable priorities. Due to the assignment, these priorities also have the batteries or electric vehicles assigned to the respective charger.

If chargers are already occupied, it is automatically determined which charger is a free charger, the connection of which is available, that is to say in particular is not connected to an electric vehicle or accumulator. In this respect, a free charger with an available connection is a charger with which no electric vehicle or accumulator is currently connected or will be connected shortly or with which an accumulator or electric vehicle can be connected.

According to the proposal, at least one free charger is also automatically coupled to that of the occupied charger, to which - within the occupied charger - the highest priority is assigned. That way, at least a free charger provides its charging capacity (fully or partially) to the top-priority charger. This occupied charger of the highest priority can charge the connected accumulator or associated accumulator with the sum of its own and the charging power of the at least one free charger.

Because the occupied charger of the highest priority carries out a charging process of the associated battery with a consequently increased charging power, the charging time can be reduced and the electric vehicle, the battery of which is charged with the occupied charger of the highest priority, is as soon as possible or as the first of the accumulators to be charged are fully charged again.

The proposed method offers the advantage that even in systems for simultaneously charging a large number of electric vehicles of a vehicle fleet, the charging processes can be carried out with a manageable effort and a manageable complexity in such a way that the electric vehicles can quickly be fully used again. Due to the prioritization in combination with the coupling of several chargers, it is advantageously possible to first charge electric vehicles of a fleet that return to a depot, i.e. to supply them with a charging power that preferably corresponds to a multiple of the maximum charging power of the charger, with the the battery of the electric vehicle is connected. It is also avoided to provide a very high charging capacity or corresponding hardware in each of the chargers, which enables the use of less complex and costly chargers.

The proposed method preferably dispenses with the determination of a battery charge state and / or a future tour for the respective electric vehicle, since this information is not absolutely necessary for the implementation of the proposed method. In principle, however, it is also not excluded to use such information and to take it into account. Nevertheless, it is an advantage for the proposed method that this takes place or can take place without taking into account the battery charge state and / or the trip for the electric vehicle to determine the total charging power for the respective battery or the respective electric vehicle. It has been shown that it is fundamentally not necessary to determine the state of charge of the respective accumulator in advance, for example to read it from the vehicle. A corresponding reading process has proven to be complex and requires data interfaces, which in turn can be prone to errors.

The same applies to tour information of a route or tour assigned to an electric vehicle, for which it has been shown that this often changes subsequently in normal operation. An example here is the use of electric buses as a replacement rail transport. Taking future tours into account, flexible use, for example for rail replacement transport, is not readily possible, since this can cause a charging system, as previously suggested, to get out of step. The situation is different with the proposed method, because here, depending on the priority, electric vehicles are fully available at an early stage and can also be used for unforeseen applications without any problems.

A special feature of the process is that the control of the charging power can only be based on the order of entry and exit of the electric vehicles. Information from ongoing operations is not absolutely necessary for the system, but can optionally be integrated as additional information to improve system performance.

The method is preferably carried out with a system of connectable chargers, in any case forming part of the total number of chargers in the group.

The chargers of the group preferably have exactly two adjacent chargers within this group. In this regard, “neighboring chargers” are those chargers that can be directly coupled to one another in order to transfer charging power. In particular, the chargers in the group form a chain in which each link (charger) in the chain can either use its charging power itself or can only transfer it to one of the two adjacent chargers within the group. However, it is also possible for an already transferred charging power to be passed on, so that the charging power of more than three chargers can be concentrated in one of the charged chargers in order to charge the connected accumulator in a shorter time.

It is preferred that the chargers within the group are only coupled to one or both adjacent chargers, such that the charging power of a free charger is or can be made available to one of the adjacent chargers or, via one of the adjacent chargers, to an occupied charger in the group ,

In other words, the chargers form a chain and the charging capacity of a free one Charger can (only) be passed on to adjacent chargers / chain links - particularly preferably only one - to an occupied charger, in particular that of the highest priority. However, preferably no complex network is provided in which all the chargers in the group can be directly coupled to one another. It has been shown that with an increased complexity due to numerous chargers, the effort far exceeds the benefits of such a direct coupling of all chargers. The proposed method offers the possibility to avoid such a high level of complexity and instead to work with a group of chargers which can be coupled in a chain, which at first glance seems to limit the flexibility with regard to the charging energy distribution, but surprisingly hardly has any influence on the practice Overall efficiency. As a result, the advantages of a manageable solution with a small number of components (coupling elements and interfaces) outweigh, which results in a very robust solution.

If several chargers are occupied in the group, it is preferred that free chargers are each coupled in such a way that the charging power of the free charger is made available to that of the occupied chargers, which has the highest priority among the occupied chargers of the group and (at the same time) is either provided directly adjacent to the free charger or is separated from the free charger only by further free chargers.

In other words, it is provided that free chargers can pass on or pass on their charging power to a neighbor, who accordingly can also pass on or pass on his and the charging power made available to him, but only to the nearest occupied charger in the chain formed by the group ,

An occupied charger in turn preferably charges the accumulator that is connected to it. If additional charging power is made available to the occupied charger, this charging power is used in addition to charging.

The question in which direction within the group or chain the charging power of a free charger is forwarded or passed on is preferably automatically decided on the basis of the priorities of the charged chargers. In this way it can be achieved that the charger of the highest priority within the group quickly charges its battery, that is to say the battery connected to it, and the electric vehicle which is operated with the battery is fully available again at an early stage.

Accordingly, if the group has more than two occupied chargers, it is preferred that additional charging power be transferred from free chargers to the occupied charger that has the highest priority. If a third occupied charger prevents the direct or indirect coupling of a free charger to the charger of the group with the highest priority due to a lack of forwarding of charging power, the charging power is preferably (also) forwarded to the occupied charger with the second highest priority.

In other words, preferably all free chargers within the group are coupled to the occupied charger that has the highest priority among those occupied chargers that are immediately adjacent / connectable or only separated from the occupied charger by free chargers.

In a further aspect of the present invention, it is preferred that at least two or more groups of chargers, each of which can be coupled to one another for the transfer of charging power, are provided. These groups preferably have one or more of the properties described above, or a process as described above is carried out with the respective groups.

A charger in each group preferably corresponds to (exactly) one charger in / every other group. In this way, the different groups preferably each have a charger that corresponds to exactly one charger of each other group. It is not imperative that all chargers in one group correspond to a charger in another group. In particular, individual chargers can be provided in each group, used as additional “boosters” and have no connection and / or cannot be coupled to chargers from another group. These boosters are preferably used exclusively for forwarding your charging line.

It is further preferred that only under the condition that the chargers correspond to each other, they are coupled or can be coupled in such a way that the charging power of at least one of the mutually corresponding chargers is made available to another or via another of the mutually corresponding chargers. In this case, each charger is preferably (exactly) 4 Chargers can be coupled, namely with (exactly) two or the neighboring chargers within the same group and with (exactly) two corresponding chargers.

So it is possible that a charger of the corresponding chargers is occupied and the corresponding chargers of other groups are (partially) free chargers, which are then coupled with the occupied of the corresponding chargers, so that the charging power of the one or more free chargers is forwarded to the assigned charger or passed on.

In this way, an imaginary matrix-like structure can be created. On the one hand, the chargers of the same group within this group can only be coupled to the immediately adjacent chargers, at the same time, however, these chargers can also be coupled between corresponding, preferably immediately adjacent, chargers of the respective groups, so that coupling within the groups and within the corresponding ones Chargers, hereinafter referred to as the correspondence group, is possible.

Among the mutually corresponding chargers, each charger preferably (also) has exactly two adjacent chargers and can only be (directly) coupled with these two adjacent chargers among the corresponding chargers. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that one, several or all of the free chargers located among the mutually corresponding chargers are coupled with that of the occupied chargers of the mutually corresponding chargers that has the highest priority.

In other words, the chargers corresponding to one another can also form a chain due to the preferred fact that only two adjacent chargers can be coupled to the respective charger within the correspondence group, in particular as already described in connection with the groups.

In these chains of corresponding chargers, charging power of free chargers is preferably forwarded or passed on to the occupied charger that has the highest priority.

Furthermore, it is also preferred that the forwarding to the charger takes place, which has the highest priority of those occupied chargers that are either directly adjacent / can be coupled or can be reached directly by forwarding by means of adjacent / connectable free chargers. A forwarding via occupied corresponding chargers is therefore preferably not provided or not possible.

By combining the groups with the chargers corresponding to each other, an imaginary matrix structure can thus be generated which, despite its being less complex than connections of all chargers to one another (coupling devices between all chargers), in particular with a higher number of chargers , At the same time, the solution offers sufficient flexibility with regard to the forwarding and aggregation of charging services. In this way, in particular fleets or fleets of electrically drivable vehicles can be charged effectively and efficiently in a very robust and reliable manner.

The available charging power of a free charger is preferably automatically transferred to the occupied charger with the highest priority. For this purpose, the occupied charger can be identified, which has the highest priority among the occupied chargers of the same group and the occupied chargers of the chargers corresponding to the free charger (i.e. the same correspondence group) and either directly within the group or within the mutually corresponding chargers (correspondence group) is adjacent / can be coupled to the free charger or is separated from the occupied charger only via further free chargers - in particular the same group or correspondence group.

In other words, referring to the matrix structure, the occupied charger can be identified within a group intended as a row and a correspondence group or set of corresponding charger as a column, the row and the column meeting in a specific free charger, which has the highest priority and can be coupled or coupled directly or via free neighboring chargers to the specific free charger, so that the charging power of the free charger is fed to the charger with the highest priority.

Another aspect of the present invention which can also be implemented independently relates to a system for charging batteries of electrically drivable vehicles. The system preferably has a plurality of chargers which can be coupled to one another within a group in order to pass on charging power. Furthermore, the couplable chargers preferably each have a connection for charging one of the accumulators. The system is preferably designed to carry out the method explained above or is used for this purpose.

It is preferably provided that the chargers are each assigned a priority, the priorities being different and unique in each case.

Furthermore, the system is designed or configured to assign the accumulators in time to the free charger, which has the highest priority among the free chargers and whose connection is available for connecting an accumulator. This turns the previously free charger into an occupied charger. The assignment is preferably made in the chronological order of the arrival of the batteries or corresponding electric vehicles, in particular in a depot according to the proposal with the proposed system. In particular, the system can have a control / control device which is designed or configured to assign the accumulators in chronological succession to the free charger, which has the highest priority among the free chargers and whose connection is available for connecting an accumulator

Furthermore, the system or the control is preferably designed to automatically couple at least one free charger to that of the occupied chargers to which the highest priority is assigned among the occupied chargers of the group, so that the charging capacity of the at least one free charger is assigned to the occupied one Charger is given the highest priority. In this way, the accumulator connected to the occupied charger of the highest priority is charged with the sum of the charging powers of the occupied charger of the highest priority and the at least one free charger or the system / the controller is / are designed for this.

It is further preferred that the chargers in this group each have exactly two adjacent chargers and can only be coupled within the group to the adjacent chargers in such a way that the charging power of the free charger is or is made available to one of the adjacent chargers or via one of the adjacent chargers can.

It is further preferred that the system has at least two of the groups, each of which can be coupled with one another for the forwarding of charging power. In this case, one charger of each of the groups corresponds to one another, in particular precisely. It is further preferred that chargers of different groups can only be coupled or coupled to one another on the condition that they correspond to one another. This can be achieved in that corresponding devices for establishing the coupling (coupling devices) are provided among the groups (called correspondence groups) only between corresponding charging devices. In this way, the charging power of at least one of the mutually corresponding chargers can be made available to another or via another of the mutually corresponding chargers.

Each charger of the system is preferably assigned to one group or belongs to it. As an alternative or in addition, each charger in the system preferably corresponds exactly to a charger in another group. As a result, it is preferred that each charger of the system belongs to exactly one group, but that there are several groups and that each charger in each additional group has exactly one corresponding charger. This creates the correspondence group and each charger belongs to exactly one group and exactly one correspondence group.

It is further preferred that a matrix-like structure is formed in that the chargers of the same group that are adjacent to a charger each correspond to chargers of other groups that are adjacent to the charger that corresponds to the former charger. If one considers a charger and a charger adjacent to it, then the chargers corresponding to these chargers are also adjacent to another group. In this way, a network-like or matrix-like structure can be formed, in particular a two-dimensional network, in which nodes, chargers and coupling devices form edges, the meshes preferably having four nodes and four edges. In particular in connection with the proposed method, this enables a manageable, structured and equally effective distribution of the charging power of all charging devices available in the system.

Another aspect of the present invention which can also be implemented independently relates to the use of the proposed system for carrying out the proposed method in connection with or in a depot or depot for a vehicle fleet. The use includes the charging of accumulators of electrically drivable vehicles depending on the order of arrival of these vehicles in the depot, the accumulators of arriving vehicles - in particular in the chronological order of arrival - being assigned the free charger of the highest priority, whereby it becomes one newly assigned charger.

In the use according to the proposal, it is preferred that the system is controlled in such a way that the newly assigned charger is used to charge the associated accumulator and that one or more free chargers of the same group are / are automatically coupled to the newly assigned charger of the group.

Alternatively or additionally, the proposed use comprises the automatic coupling of one or more free chargers, which correspond to one another and belong to different groups, to the newly assigned charger.

As already explained above, the combination of the aforementioned aspects is also particularly preferred when used in connection with the depot or depot.

• 1 einen Betriebshof mit einem vorschlagsgemäßen System;
• 2 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems mit mehreren Gruppen;
• 3 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem ersten Zustand;
• 4 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem zweiten Zustand;
• 5 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem dritten Zustand;
• 6 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem vierten Zustand;
• 7 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem fünften Zustand;
• 8 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem sechsten Zustand;
• 9 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem siebten Zustand;
• 10 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem achten Zustand;
• 11 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem neunten Zustand;
• 12 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem zehnten Zustand;
• 13 eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht des vorschlagsgemäßen Systems in einem elften Zustand;
• 14 eine schematische Darstellung eines Gesamtsystems mit mehreren vorschlagsgemäßen Systemen;
• 15 eine schematische Ansicht zur Steuerung des Systems gemäß 14; und
• 16 eine schematische Ansicht zur alternativen Steuerung des Systems gemäß 14.

Further aspects, advantages and properties of the present invention result from the claims and the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. It shows:

• 1 a depot with a proposed system;
• 2 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system with several groups;
• 3 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a first state;
• 4 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a second state;
• 5 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a third state;
• 6 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a fourth state;
• 7 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a fifth state;
• 8th a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a sixth state;
• 9 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a seventh state;
• 10 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in an eighth state;
• 11 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a ninth state;
• 12 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in a tenth state;
• 13 a simplified schematic view of the proposed system in an eleventh state;
• 14 is a schematic representation of an overall system with several proposed systems;
• 15 is a schematic view for controlling the system 14 ; and
• 16 is a schematic view for alternative control of the system 14 ,

In the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings, the same or similar reference symbols are used for the same or similar parts, wherein corresponding properties and advantages can be achieved even if a repeated description is dispensed with.

1 shows a depot in a very simplified, schematic view 1 with one system 2 for charging accumulators 3 electrically drivable vehicles 4 - also electric vehicles 4 called.

It is a basic aim of the present invention to implement a so-called first-in-first-out principle (FIFO principle). Below is an operating mode of a system 2 or depots 1 understood the first in the depot 1 arriving vehicles 4 leave it first, if possible with the battery fully charged 3 ,

The accumulators 3 of electric vehicles 4 can by means of a line 5 or the like electrically with one of the chargers L be coupled. For this purpose, the accumulator is or will be 3 of the electric vehicle 4 - an electric bus for example - with one line 5 via a connection 6 or another coupling device of a charger L electrically coupled, so charging power from the charger L to the accumulator 3 transferred and the accumulator 3 loaded in this way. The connection 6 or the coupling device can be or have a plug, a cable, a connector and / or a pantograph.

At least some of the chargers L , preferably all chargers L , preferably have a priority 7 on, or the chargers L is always a priority 7 assigned or assignable. The priorities 7 of different chargers L are particularly preferably different in height and unique within the system 2 and / or a group G of chargers L ,

Preferably has a group G at least two, particularly preferably three or more than three chargers L , on. In the illustration examples, one group points G five chargers each L on. However, it may also be preferred that a group G at least seven chargers L , ten chargers L or even more chargers L having. In particular, the proposed method or system offers 2 greater benefits, the higher the number of chargers L of the depot 1 , the system 2 and / or the group (s) is G.

The priority 7 preferably corresponds to an assignment order of the chargers L upon arrival of electric vehicles 4 and / or sets an assignment order of the chargers L upon arrival of electric vehicles 4 firmly.

The priorities are for illustrative purposes 7 hereinafter represented by digits, the digit 1 corresponds to the highest priority and the priority with increasing value of the digit 7 sinks. It also becomes the priority 7 representative number below also for identification of the respective charger L used for the purpose of description. This is only due to the clarity.

In the illustration example is with the accumulator 3 The charger L1 the highest priority 7 with the value " 1 " connected. The group continues G of chargers L in the embodiment according to 1 The charger L5 with priority 7 the value " 5 " on. The charger L5 has a lower priority 7 than the charger L1 in the embodiment according to 1 , The charger L5 again has a higher priority 7 than the charger L9 (Valency " 9 “), Which in turn is a higher priority 7 has as the charger L13 (Valency " 13 “), Its priority 7 again higher than that of the charger L17 (Valency " 1 “) From the embodiment according to 1 ,

The chargers L the group G can be coupled with each other to pass on charging power. For this purpose, coupling devices are shown in the example 8th between the chargers L intended. At the coupling devices 8th it is preferably switches that connect and disconnect chargers L enable. These switches can be designed as electrically controllable switches, such as contactors or relays, or can have them. However, other solutions are also possible here.

The coupling devices 8th are preferably controllable, an electrical coupling between two chargers L to generate charging power from one of the chargers L on the other hand the chargers L can be transferred or vice versa. It is therefore also possible for charging power to be exchanged, although a transfer of charging power in one direction is preferred.

A transfer or forwarding of charging power between the chargers L or by means of the coupling devices 8th Technically, this is preferably done by connecting the chargers in parallel L ,

In the illustration examples, a maximum charging power is defined, that of a charger L by coupling with other chargers L is or can be made available. However, such a limitation to a maximum charging power is not mandatory. In the examples, the maximum charging power is 200 kW, corresponding to the total charging power of all chargers L a group G , Of course, other values for the maximum charging power are also possible here, if this is provided.

It is envisaged that the proposed system 2 one or more occupied chargers L has, which are characterized in that an occupied charger L a battery that is not fully charged 3 is assigned to the store. In particular, is an accumulator that is not fully charged 3 for charging to an occupied charger L connected. Preferably, at least the occupied chargers L one priority each 7 on or is at least the occupied charger L one priority each 7 assigned.

An example of an occupied charger is the charger L1 in the representation example according to 1 that over the connector 6 or the line 5 with the empty or only incompletely charged accumulator 3 connected is. The occupied charger L transfers charging power to the accumulator 3 to the accumulator 3 to load.

In principle, however, it is also conceivable that such a charging process is only provided or planned, the occupied charger L1 an electric vehicle already 4 or accumulator 3 is associated with the connection to the connector 6 of the occupied charger L1 However, it has not yet been established or has not been fully established or the charging process has not yet started despite the connection being established. Accordingly, there is an occupied charger L at least provided for an associated accumulator 3 to load.

A corresponding assignment can be made, for example, by or when an electric vehicle arrives 4 in the depot 1 (automatically). However, such an assignment can alternatively or additionally also be established by establishing the connection between the accumulator 3 and charger L take place, for example by monitoring the state of the respective connection 6 of the respective charger L , Such monitoring of the connection 6 or the connection to an accumulator 3 can be done mechanically, electronically or in any other way.

Furthermore, the proposed system 2 or assigns the group G preferably one or more chargers L which are referred to below as "free charger". Such "free chargers" are suitable for this or are in a state in which the charger is charging another charger L can be passed on. For this it is preferred that the free charger L no accumulator 3 is assigned or an associated accumulator 3 either fully charged or not for other reasons or not with the full one, by the associated charger L provided charging power is charged.

In the simplest case, there is a free charger L so one whose connection 6 is free or with no accumulator 3 connected is. However, it is also possible for a connected accumulator 3 is fully charged so that the respective charger L no charging power to the accumulator 3 emits. A free charger L is preferably also present if, for other reasons, an accumulator 3 is not charged, for example due to a defect in the battery or the like.

A free charger L is such a charger in particular L , which no accumulator 3 assigned or the connected battery is fully charged. This can be the case if an accumulator 3 of an electric vehicle 4 was disconnected, the connection 6 so is at your free disposal by means of the connection 6 a (different) accumulator 3 with the free charger L connect to.

In the representation example according to 1 are the charger L 5 . L9 . L13 and L 17 free chargers while the charger L1 an occupied charger L is.

The free chargers L In the following, a distinction is made between coupled and uncoupled (connectable) free chargers L , In particular, a charger L that already has an occupied charger L (directly or indirectly via additional free chargers L ) is coupled, also as a free charger L designated. However, it is preferably possible to have an already coupled charger L with an accumulator 3 to connect or assign to this, as a coupled charger has an available connection 6 has and thus a free charger L is. By connecting or assigning the battery 3 becomes the free charger L to the occupied charger L , Preferably, a coupled charger L not with another occupied charger L be coupled. Any free charger L is therefore preferably only with an occupied charger L coupled.

The respective accumulators are preferred 3 the free charger in chronological order L assigned that among the free chargers L with available connection 6 the highest priority 7 has, whereby the previously free charger L to occupied charger L becomes.

In the illustration example, the previously free charger is L1 by assigning the accumulator 3 of the electric vehicle 4 to the occupied charger L become and the occupied charger L1 charges the accumulator 3 in the in 1 shown state. In a state of the system 2 , in which previously all chargers L the accumulator became free 3 because of the highest priority 7 of the charger L1 assigned to it, connected to it and loaded by it.

Another, second accumulator 3 (not shown) can follow the charger L the second highest priority 7 , the free charger L5 the highest priority 7 of the then free chargers L be assigned. As soon as another electric vehicle 4 or accumulator 3 the depot 1 reached, the free charger is again in turn L assigned that among the free chargers L with available connection 6 the highest priority 7 having. The next accumulator 3 is therefore the charger in the illustration example L5 assigned as this is among the free chargers L5 . L9 . L13 and L17 the highest priority 7 , namely “5”.

Correspondingly, additional accumulators 3 consecutively in time that free charger L assigned that among the free chargers L with available connection 6 the (next) highest priority 7 having. So if the charger L5 another accumulator 3 has been assigned and a further, third accumulator 3 should be assigned or is to be assigned, the assignment is made with the charger L9 because this is among the remaining free chargers L9 . L13 and L 17 the highest priority 7 , namely “9”.

It is also provided that at least one free charger L automatically with that of the occupied chargers L is coupled, that under the occupied chargers L the highest priority 7 assigned. By coupling the charging power of the at least one free charger L the occupied charger L the highest priority 7 made available. The occupied charger L the highest priority 7 can the connected accumulator 3 then with the sum of the charging powers of the occupied charger L the highest priority and at least one free charger L load.

Free chargers are preferred L when multiple chargers L are occupied, coupled in such a way that that of the occupied charger L the charging capacity of the free charger L is provided which is the highest priority 7 among the occupied chargers L the group G has and either immediately adjacent to the free charger L provided or only by additional free chargers L from the free charger L is separated. In other words, a decision process for the respective free charger is preferably carried out L based on priorities 7 of occupied chargers L ,

A free charger L preferably transfers its charging power to the occupied charger L the highest priority 7 , but charging performance is not due to occupied chargers L is passed on, so that the charging power to the directly or via other free chargers L indirectly adjacent occupied charger L is passed, which is the higher priority 7 having.

The chargers are shown in the example L5 . L9 . L13 and L17 free chargers L , Accordingly, the charger L5 by means of the coupling device 8th with the charger L1 coupled so that the charging performance of the charger L5 to the charger L1 is transmitted and the charger L1 the accumulator 3 with the total available charging capacity of the chargers L1 and L5 can load.

Next is the charger L9 a free charger L which is consequently through the coupling device 8th with the also free charger L5 can be coupled, which in turn with the occupied charger L1 is coupled, thereby reducing the charging capacity of the free charger L9 via the free charger L5 to the occupied charger L1 can be passed on. The same can also be done for the other free chargers L13 and L17 respectively.

The bottom line is in the constellation shown, in which only an occupied charger L1 the charging capacity of all other free chargers is provided L the group G to the only occupied charger L1 be passed on and the accumulator 3 can be charged with the sum of the charging powers.

The chargers L preferably have the same available charging power - nominal power. Accordingly, the occupied charger can L1 by forwarding the charging power of the four free chargers L a total of five times its charging capacity for charging the battery 3 use, for example 10 to 100 kW, in particular 40 kW, and / or a total of multiple, here five times, that is 50 to 500 kW, in particular 200 kW.

Assuming the chargers L1 and L5 would be occupied, would exist for the charger L9 the possibility of coupling with the charger L5 (directly) or via the chargers L13 and L17 with the charger L1 , Since the charger here L1 the higher priority than the charger L5 enjoys, the coupling is indirect with the charger L1 done and the charging power is sent to the charger L1 transferred.

If the charger L5 with the second highest priority 7 , namely "5" in the illustration example now for the occupied charger L the charging capacity of the remaining free chargers L9 . L13 and L17 if possible to the charger L forwarded, which is busy and has the highest priority, i.e. the charger L1 , In the illustration example, the charger is L17 in this case directly with the charger L1 coupled and the chargers L13 and L9 each via the charger L17 or the chargers L13 and L17 with the charger L1 , As a result, there is still a total of four times the amount of charging power for charging the battery 3 to disposal. The charger L5 in this case does not pass on its charging power, but uses it to charge the accumulator then assigned to it 3 ,

The chargers are preferred L within the group G each with (exactly) one charger L higher priority 7 and with (exactly) a charger L lower priority 7 coupled. In other words, the chargers L each with a charger L higher priority 7 adjacent or via a coupling device 8th connectable and with a charger L lower priority 7 adjacent or via a coupling device 8th are connectable. In particular, the chargers L within the group G in order of priority 7 sorted or arranged. However, other solutions are also possible here. For example, it is possible to use the chargers L order or prioritize 7 assign such that the occupied chargers L each as far as possible from the charger L next higher priority 7 have as many chargers as possible L are arranged in between. It may be preferred that the charger L with the highest priority 7 and the charger L with the second highest priority 7 have the greatest distance from each other that the charger L with the second highest priority 7 and the charger L with the third highest priority 7 have the second largest distance, etc. The distance between two chargers L is defined as the number of times between the two chargers L lying chargers L , This can be the case, for example, with a ring-like coupling or concatenation. For example, (at least in a schematic representation of a system) 12 Charger L be arranged along a circular line, namely at the "1 o'clock position", the "2 o'clock position" etc. to to the "12 o'clock position". In this case, it would be possible for the first incoming electric vehicle 4 the charger L to assign at the 12 o'clock position and the next incoming electric vehicle 4 the charger L with the greatest distance, namely the charger L at the 6 o'clock position. The chargers were then assigned to the 3 o'clock position and the 9 o'clock position or vice versa. This also ensures that the occupied chargers L each with as many free chargers as possible L can be coupled.

To control the chargers L and / or the coupling devices 8th is preferably a controller 9 intended. With the control 9 can also assign batteries 3 to chargers L respectively. Alternatively, the assignment to the controller 9 transmitted and used by them. However, it is also possible to assign the accumulators 3 to free chargers L no control 9 is necessary or provided. For example, the matrix-like implementation shown in the figures can also be an actual implementation of the system 2 to the extent that parking lots or charging stations or chargers L are actually arranged in a matrix. The chargers shown L would then correspond to parking spaces for the vehicles in a realization 4 , the parking spaces in order of priority 7 are numbered and / or arranged as shown, and the numbers of the parking spaces are priorities 7 correspond. In this case there is no control 9 necessary, but it is possible that the driver of the vehicles 4 get your vehicle's instruction, for example by means of signs or prior instruction 4 to be parked in the free parking lot of the highest (or lowest) number. In the simplest case, this happens because of arriving vehicles 4 successively fill the columns shown in the figures from top to bottom. So there can be a fixed allocation of vehicles 4 to chargers L or parking spaces in a fixed order.

The control 9 controls the coupling devices 8th preferably in such a way that the proposed method is carried out, that is to say free chargers L in the intended manner with occupied chargers L be coupled. As an alternative or in addition, the controller controls 9 one or more of the chargers L to deliver or pass on charging power. The control 9 can alternatively or additionally also a signal device 10 control to signal an assignment. For example, an accumulator 3 a previously free charger L assigned, whereupon the controller 9 with the signaling device 10 can signal which of the now occupied charger L and / or the next free charger to be used L is.

In a depot 1 can the signaling device 10 a parking space 11 be assigned and the signaling device 10 can by the controller 9 be controlled so that the parking space 11 the electric vehicle 4 is signaled. The electric vehicle 4 can then the parking space 11 that has been signaled, start up and its accumulator 3 can then with the assigned, ie occupied charger L for the purpose of charging the accumulator 3 get connected.

The signaling device 10 can be an optical signaling device such as a traffic light, or several guide devices for guiding a driver of the electric vehicle 4 to a specific parking space 11 , a driver information system in the electric vehicle 4 that the way to the parking space 11 points and / or a central display for identification of the parking space 11 of the assigned or occupied charger L be or have. It is therefore preferred that the respective charger L a parking space 11 and / or a signal device 10 assigned. However, other solutions are also possible here.

Preferably, one or each charger has L the group G exactly two adjacent chargers L on. Charger L are then preferably adjacent chargers L , if they can be coupled directly to one another, ie directly by a coupling device 8th can be connected to each other in such a way that charging power between these chargers L can be transferred. However, it is not mandatory that neighboring chargers L must also be adjacent to each other locally or geographically, although this is preferred in practice.

Within the group G are neighboring chargers L preferably can be coupled or are coupled such that the charging power of a free charger L with one of the neighboring chargers L or via one of the neighboring chargers L an occupied charger L the group G is or can be made available. As already explained above, the charging power of the charger can be in the concrete example L5 that is immediately adjacent to the charger L1 is, by appropriate coupling to the charger L1 be passed on. The charging performance of the charger L9 can also be connected to the charger L1 be passed on, however, via the free charger L5 , which in this case establishes a through connection or otherwise the charging capacity of the charger L9 initially received, but not used itself, but to the charger L1 by ranges.

Due to the concrete construction, the chargers form L the group G preferably a chain where each of the chargers L only with two other chargers L the group G through coupling devices 8th can be coupled. Overall, there is preferably a chain of chargers L within the group G , each through the coupling device 8th are interconnectable. It is further preferred that the chain of chargers L forms a closed chain or a closed circle or ring. Here are just as many coupling devices 8th like chargers L intended. The charging capacity of a free charger can be within this chain L either in one or the other direction, i.e. to a first or second neighboring charger L coupled or passed on. This has proven to be advantageous in terms of manageable complexity.

The free chargers are preferably reallocated completely L to the occupied loading devices L or a new coupling of the free chargers L with the occupied chargers L if a (previously occupied) charger L to a free charger L is, for example, that the to the occupied charger L connected accumulator 3 fully charged, and / or if a (previously free) charger L to an occupied charger L becomes. In this way, optimal charging can be made possible. However, it is also possible that there will be no complete reallocation if an occupied (free) charger is used L to a free (occupied) charger L becomes.

In the illustration example, as soon as the accumulator 3 to the charger L1 connected, fully charged, the charger L1 the free charger and the charging capacity of the free chargers, the case is that the charger L5 an occupied charger is preferably forwarded to this.

So preferably in the group G all free chargers L each with the assigned charger L coupled, that among those occupied chargers L that are immediately adjacent or only through free chargers L from the occupied charger L is separated, the highest priority 7 having.

The control 9 is preferably with the respective charger L technically connected in such a way that a status of the respective charger L can be called up and / or transmitted to the controller. In particular, the system is provided 2 trained that the respective charger L Status data regarding the assignment to the controller 9 sends, whereupon the control 9 the coupling devices according to the proposed method 8th and / or the signaling devices 10 can control or regulate.

In particular, it is provided that the respective charger L the connection 6 monitors and a status change, in particular an unconnected to one with an accumulator 3 connected state or vice versa, and can detect this to the controller 9 transmitted. The respective charger can be used for this L a status change actively to the controller 9 send or control 9 can change the status or corresponding information as required or regularly from the respective charger L recall. The communicable or retrievable status can correspond to the information or correspond to whether a charger L an occupied charger L or a free charger L is, preferably the free chargers L can be further differentiated between free chargers L with free connection 6 and those with an occupied connection 6 , in particular being at the connection 6 an accumulator 3 is connected, but not or at least not with the full charging power that the respective charger L provides, is loaded.

The control 9 can have a memory for the status of the respective charger L save. In this way it is possible that the controller 9 captured when a charger L is assigned, whereupon the controller 9 stores the status of this charger as "busy" in the memory. The control can accordingly 9 preferably other information about the respective chargers L save, for example the status "free" or "free with available connection" 6 "Or" free with occupied connection 6 ". The controller controls depending on this status 9 then preferably the coupling devices 8th and / or the signal device 10 and / or future assignments.

The chargers L a group G are, as already mentioned above, can preferably be coupled to one another in a chain-like manner, a charger L each with only two other chargers L the group G can be coupled, whereby a chain is formed. Such a group G or chain is also referred to below as a line, based on the in 1 structure shown. This does not mean that the chargers L must also be physically arranged in rows. So here it is possible, for example, that chargers L through a depot 1 are distributed and form such a chain or line only in the circuitry sense, ie can be interconnected as in connection with 1 explained.

The system particularly preferably has 2 multiple groups G or lines on what is explained in detail below with reference to the other figures, the simplified schematically shown chargers L fundamentally preferably the properties of each in connection with 1 described chargers L to have. The control 9 can do all or individual groups G or their coupling devices 8th Taxes.

In 2 is such a system 2 with several groups, four in the example G shown. The chargers L1 . L5 . L9 . L13 and L17 the first group G1 correspond at least essentially in their function and their properties to those in connection with 1 explained chargers L , In this respect, reference is made to the preceding description.

With double arrows there are possible couplings between chargers L schematically indicated by coupling devices 8th can be realized.

Each with a double arrow in 2 indicated connection can thus in practice by a coupling device 8th will be realized. The double arrow here also includes the combination of the semicircular arrows on the edge, which are intended to indicate that a corresponding coupling between the first and last charger is possible, or a coupling device 8th between the first and last charger L - For example, one line - is provided, as in the representation example 1 between the charger L17 and the charger L1 , Also in the representation example according to 2 so forms the group G1 a chain-like sequence of chargers L by means of coupling devices 8th , preferably whereby a single-row and / or closed chain is formed. The same applies preferably to other groups G ,

In addition to the chargers L as already in 1 have been explained, is in the representation example according to 2 in the first group G1 an additional charger LA without connection 6 intended. This additional charger LA preferably acts as a “booster”, ie to provide additional charging power without this additional charger L a connection 6 , Parking space or the like. A booster charger L is lack of connection 6 so a mandatory free charger L , which is only intended for forwarding charging power.

The additional charger LA is preferably immediately adjacent to the charger L the group G1 provided that the highest priority 7 has - in the illustration example, the charger L1 , The charger L1 has, as already related to 1 described the priority 7 with the value " 1 ", Whereby in the example the value decreases with increasing counter, so that the value" 1 “The top priority 7 of the system means.

Basically, the booster charger LA but also at another point in the chain or group G1 be provided. Furthermore, the embodiment as shown in 2 shown, even without a booster charger LA or with multiple booster chargers LA be equipped. If the booster charger LA omitted, the group preferably results G1 like them based on 1 was explained.

In the representation example according to 2 assigns the system 2 multiple groups G on, each under construction preferably the first group G1 correspond. In the illustration example, there are a total of four such groups G1 . G2 . G3 . G4 intended.

Also for chargers L different groups G of the system 2 preferably that is the priorities 7 of the chargers L are different in their amount and unique. In the illustration example, this means that is a priority 7 of the system 2 never occurs twice.

It is further preferred that the highest priority 7 a charger L each of the groups G of the system 2 is always higher than the second highest priority 7 a charger L any of the groups G of the system 2 , The same applies preferably to the second highest, third highest and other priorities of the groups. In the example shown, the second highest priority is therefore 7 with the value " 5 “Lower priority for the first group 7 or valence as the highest priority of all other groups G2 . G3 and G4 , namely the priority 7 with the value " 2 “Of the charger L2 the second group G2 , the value " 3 “The priority 7 of the charger L3 the third group G3 and the value " 4 “Of the charger L4 or fourth group G4 ,

The chargers are preferred L between the groups G can be coupled to one another in such a way that the charging power is passed on from one to another charger L different groups G is made possible. It is preferred that this is only between specific, mutually corresponding chargers L of different groups G is provided and possible. In this way, only a relatively small number of coupling devices 8th needed accordingly via the controller 9 are preferably controllable and controlled. Such a construction thus advantageously leads to manageable complexity and easy-to-use control effort.

One charger each L one of the groups G preferably corresponds to exactly another charger L one, several or all other groups G , in the following as a correspondence group K or amount of correspondence. The properties of the correspondence group K are preferably the same or similar to the properties of a group G as explained earlier. A “correspondence group K “Is also a group of chargers L , the one another by means of coupling devices 8th can be coupled, and also preferably chain-like or forming a chain, preferably being within the correspondence group K one of the chargers L each with only two chargers L other groups G is directly connectable and / or a single-row, closed chain is formed, also referred to below as a column. Analogous to the possibility of "ring-shaped" interconnection or coupling within a group G , in particular the possibility of coupling the charger L with the highest priority 7 within the group G with the charger L with the lowest priority 7 within the group G , is also within the correspondence group K a “ring-shaped” connection or coupling is possible, in particular a coupling of the charger L with the highest priority 7 within the correspondence group K with the charger L with the lowest priority 7 within the correspondence group K ,

This does not mean that the chargers L a correspondence group K must be physically arranged in a column, a rack or the like to each other. However, it is preferred that the chargers L a correspondence group K regardless of their physical arrangement, can be coupled in the manner described, that is to say in terms of circuitry, with the coupling devices 8th , can be connected accordingly.

Preferably has a correspondence group K at least two, particularly preferably three or more than three chargers L , on. In the illustration examples, a correspondence group points K four chargers each L on. However, it may also be preferred that a correspondent group K at least five chargers, seven chargers L , ten chargers L or even more chargers L having. In particular, the proposed method or system offers 2 greater benefits, the higher the number of chargers L the correspondence group (s) K is.

The priorities 7 of the chargers L within a group G are preferably distributed at least substantially continuously or increasing. Here they have a charger L the group G neighboring or directly connectable additional chargers L preferably a lower priority on the one hand 7 and on the other hand a higher priority 7 , This applies to all chargers L except the first and last charger L a group G so the priority 7 within the group G preferably rises continuously, starting from a first charger L the group G , In the example, this means for the group G1 that the charger L5 adjacent to the charger L1 a higher priority 7 and to the charger L9 a lower priority 7 is provided. For the charger L9 applies accordingly that it is adjacent to the charger L5 the higher priority 7 and the charger L13 the lower priority 7 is adjacent. Finally, what the embodiment is 2 is the charger L13 adjacent to the charger L9 the higher priority 7 and the charger L17 the lower priority 7 , For the charger only L1 the highest priority 7 is not a charger L an even higher priority 7 within the same group G adjacent. The charger L17 according to the example 2 a booster charger LA without priority 7 as a second neighbor. The same applies alternatively or additionally to the respective correspondence groups K , Again, it is preferred that priority 7 within the respective correspondence group K continuously rises from a charger L the highest priority 7 proceeding to a charger of the lowest priority 7 the respective correspondence group K , This applies in particular to all groups G and correspondence groups K that the priority 7 preferably from a charger L the highest priority 7 continuously to a charger L the lowest priority 7 sinks or, in other words, from a charger L the lowest priority 7 to a charger L the highest priority 7 preferably increases continuously. Those in the respective group G or correspondence group K between the charger L the highest priority 7 and the charger L the lowest priority 7 Chargers arranged in the chain L so each have starting from the charger L the highest priority 7 a lower priority 7 than the charger L the highest priority 7 or be the charger L the highest priority 7 facing neighbor.

The following are the different groups G accordingly also as times and the respective correspondence groups K referred to as columns of an overall resulting matrix or matrix-like structure in order to simplify the explanation of the mode of operation.

Preferably the system 2 several correspondence groups K on. It is therefore provided that several chargers L a group G exactly one corresponding charger L of the other groups G have and each with these correspondence groups K form.

In the representation example according to 2 form the chargers L1 . L2 . L3 and L4 the first correspondence group K1 , A second group of correspondence K2 is through the chargers L5 . L6 . L7 and L8 educated. Corresponding groups are created accordingly K3 . K4 and K5 educated.

The other chargers LA . LB . LC and LD are not corresponding to each other in the example shown, so they can be between the groups G are not linked or do not form a correspondence group K ,

The other chargers L or booster chargers L preferably have no connection 6 and can therefore only be free, i.e. no occupied chargers L form. Accordingly, another charger L or booster charger L no charging power is provided (which is not forwarded) and the coupling or connectivity of the booster chargers L among themselves is therefore not necessary. Accordingly, it is resource-saving, no coupling devices between these 8th provided. However, other solutions are also possible here, for example in order to be able to distribute charging power more evenly or in a different way.

Each of the chargers L of the system 2 is preferably (exactly) assigned to two groups, namely the respective group G and the respective correspondence group K in a multi-group system G , This means that every charger L basically charging performance of chargers L from the same group G and the same correspondent group K received or within the group G and / or the correspondent group K can pass on.

Because of the preferred matrix structure, as exemplified in 2 each charger is shown L (exactly) four adjacent chargers L on, so chargers L with which a direct coupling is possible or between which a coupling by means of the respective coupling device 8th is made possible, of which two (exclusively) from the same group G and two other (exclusively) the same correspondence group K belong.

An advantage of the proposed system 2 is that every charger is avoided L with every additional charger L to be able to couple directly. In the present embodiment with 20 chargers L with connection 6 and four additional booster chargers L , so overall 24 chargers L , thus arise 44 possible couplings or coupling devices 8th , All can be connected 24 Chargers among themselves would, however, have 276 coupling devices 8th require, which leads to a very considerable additional effort and a control effort that is difficult to handle and prone to errors. Corresponding disadvantages are avoided by the present invention.

It is preferred that the charging power only within the respective group G and / or correspondent group K can or will be forwarded. A charging power is therefore preferably from a free charger L only within the row or within the column of in 2 formed matrix forwarded.

On the other hand, forwarding of charging power within the group is not provided or is only optionally provided G or correspondence group K and then the charger receiving the charging power L within its group G or correspondence group K , There is therefore no provision for charging power to be routed “around the corner” within the matrix structure, although this can alternatively or additionally be provided.

Forwarding of charging power only within the group G or the correspondence group K who the free charger L listened to, offers the advantage of a manageable control 9 , which is particularly robust and prone to errors. It has been found here that a coupling or connectivity is only possible within the same group G or correspondence group K in practice, there are hardly any disadvantages in the charging speed and usability of batteries 3 or electric vehicles 4 leads, the reduced complexity of the control brings with it the greater advantages.

It is entirely possible that several chains are linked from several free chargers L on the same occupied charger L end up. The geometry of all chained free chargers L can therefore be overall radiation-shaped, the occupied charger L represents the center point and the links are pronounced horizontally (in the figures within a group from left and / or right) and / or vertically (in the figures within a correspondence group from above and / or below).

Basically, it is also conceivable that the system 2 different modes supported; namely a first mode in which free chargers L exclusively in the group G or correspondence group K Charging power that they belong to and a second mode in which a charger L also received charging power not only within the same group G or correspondence group K can forward in the charger L , from which the charging power comes, is provided, but that the charger L , which has received the charging power, in turn this received charging power within that group G or correspondence group K who can forward it listened. This latter mode leads to the fact that - at least if necessary - charging power also between chargers that do not correspond to one another L different groups G - at least indirectly - can be forwarded.

In the representation example according to 2 point the chargers L each have a name that corresponds to an exemplary charging capacity. The chargers L1 to L20 accordingly each have a charging power of 40 Kilowatts (kW). This means that each of the chargers L an accumulator 3 With 40 Can charge kilowatts. This 40 Kilowatts are also the charging power that a charger L if there is a free charger L is, can pass on. The booster chargers LA to LD in the representation example according to 2 have a charging capacity of 30 Kilowatts on.

The performance data are representative of charging performance of chargers L for electric cars or electric buses, in practice, however, can deviate from the specified value and, for example, between 10 kW and 200 kW per charger L lie. The values given here serve to further explain the advantages, effects and properties of the present inventions. It is therefore understood that if reference is made below to a specific charging power or to a specific sum of charging powers, this is only an example and the charging power on which the exemplary embodiments are based can in principle also be provided or provided with a different value.

Furthermore, the following figures show performance values only for such chargers L specified, which are also occupied. The specified charging power corresponds to that of the occupied charger L total available charging power. The following examples are also based on a system 2 without booster chargers LA to LD , The arrows entered below represent active couplings, i.e. only such coupling devices 8th who have favourited Chargers L Coupling for passing on charging power, that is to say in particular realized by a closed switch, are shown while coupling devices 8th who have favourited Chargers L do not couple, for illustration purposes neither represented nor represented by any other symbol. Regardless of this, these are preferably structurally provided, as previously explained. In particular, such coupling devices are not shown 8th that are realized by an open switch or are not configured in any other way to pass on charging power. Furthermore, the coupling devices 8th preferably through the controls 9 configured in such a way that (only) the couplings represented by the arrows take place, even if the control 9 is not shown in the following exemplary embodiments for reasons of illustration.

3 shows an example of a proposed system 2 , with a total of six chargers L occupied chargers L are. The chargers assigned to these L assigned accumulators 3 are not shown for reasons of clarity. Instead, such chargers L , which are occupied or assigned and in particular charging power to one with the respective charger L connected accumulator 3 give or specify, a total charging power specified.

With free chargers L , pass on or forward the charging power, instead an arrow is provided instead, which indicates the direction in which the charging power of the respective free charger L is passed on or forwarded.

Accordingly, in 3 - preferably chronologically, that is to say in succession - the chargers L starting with the free charger L the highest priority L1 accumulators 3 been assigned. This has led to the charger first L1 and consequently the charger L2 , The charger L3 , The charger L4 , The charger L5 and the charger 6 have been assigned in that order, making these chargers L to occupied chargers L became.

It is preferred that within the group G each the still free charger an accumulator 3 is assigned that among the free chargers L with available connection 6 the highest priority 7 having. In the first group G1 is the first charger L1 with priority 7 the value "1" an accumulator 3 has been assigned and only then is the charger L5 which is a lower priority by comparison 7 another accumulator 3 been assigned. The same applies to the second group G2 for the chargers L2 and L6 ,

Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that in the same correspondence group K also among the still free chargers L always the charger L an accumulator 3 that is assigned within the same correspondence group K the highest priority 7 Has. The chargers L1 . L2 . L3 and L4 The first column is thus assigned in this order or has been assigned, which means that these become chargers L became.

It is also provided system-wide that the free charger is preferred L with free connection 6 assigned to the highest priority overall system-wide becomes. If another accumulator 3 is to be assigned in the exemplary embodiment according to 3 hence the charger L7 assigned and thus to the occupied charger L ,

For the specific implementation of the coupling of occupied chargers L with free chargers L there can be several options and / or criteria.

The coupling of the free chargers L with the occupied chargers L can start from an occupied charger L , especially starting with the occupied charger L the highest priority 7 , respectively. This variant is, in particular, starting with the occupied charger L the highest priority 7 , for each used charger L or each based on an occupied charger L determines which free chargers L with this occupied charger L can be coupled and / or coupled.

But it is also possible and preferred that the coupling of the free chargers L with the occupied chargers L starting from a free charger L , especially the free charger L with the highest priority 7 , he follows. This variant is, especially starting with the free charger L the highest priority 7 , for every free charger L or each based on a free charger L in descending order of priority 7 of free chargers L determines which occupied chargers L with this free charger L can be coupled and / or coupled. Coupling then takes place with the connectable, occupied charger L the highest priority. In other words, the free chargers L in order of priority 7 processed and occupied chargers L assigned or coupled with these. In the examples explained below, the description is not necessarily based on the order of the priorities 7 , However, this does not mean that the chargers are coupled L takes place in the order of the respective description, but preferably the free chargers are coupled L nevertheless in the order of their priorities 7 unless otherwise stated. It is preferred that free chargers L between the free charger just considered L and the occupied charger to be coupled L are automatically "coupled", so that a chain between the free charger just considered L and the occupied charger to be coupled L consists of all linked or coupled chargers L their charging power to the occupied charger L forward or forward.

In both variants, it is generally preferred that a free charger L , that with several occupied chargers L is connectable with the connectable occupied charger L the highest priority 7 is coupled.

Despite the different approach, the two variants mentioned often lead to the same result, that is, to the same distribution of charging power among the chargers L , This is because the priorities in both variants 7 of the occupied chargers L are the decisive criterion for the coupling.

With one from an occupied charger L outgoing coupling can be the coupling within correspondence groups K limited by the situation by allowing this coupling only in special situations. Depending on how these restrictions are designed, the system behavior can be identical to that of a coupling based on the free chargers L generated or a deviant behavior. In order to generate an identical system behavior, the coupling can - when looking at an occupied charger L - within the correspondence groups K preferably only be permitted in special cases. These special cases emerge here in the examples 6 and 7 with the chargers L the correspondence group K1 (See use case of 6 & 7 ), in the example 9 , in particular in the case of a GAP with a GAP width of 1 or more (see the explanations in connection with 9 ), and for a completely blank group, what in the 11 to 13 is shown on. Due to the restrictions in special cases, the connections within the correspondence groups K primarily used to the individual groups G keep each other symmetrical (no "leading" or "lagging" of individual groups G ). This is particularly important for applications based on the FIFO principle. But it is also possible that a primary coupling within correspondence groups K offers advantages for alternative applications.

Even if in the description below various states of the system are frequently explained, which coupling options for the free chargers L do not imply that the coupling is based on the free chargers L takes place, but this only serves to describe and explain the respective state of the system 2 , It is particularly possible here that the couplings (nevertheless) proceed from an occupied charger L be determined.

For the sake of clarity, the links in the examples explained below are often per group G described. In practice, every free charger is assigned L however, preferably in order of priority. Charger L that are required for an indirect connection are considered to be already chained Charger L preferably not assigned further. The principle of linking or coupling is shown in a non-mandatory chronological order or in a non-mandatory order in which an actual coupling takes place.

It is generally preferred that the charger be occupied first L with the highest priority 7 with all free chargers that can be directly or indirectly coupled with it L is coupled and only then, in order of priority 7 , further occupied chargers L with free chargers that can then be coupled L be coupled. This "priority of the highest priority" can, however, be restricted or weakened by taking further criteria or conditions into account.

In particular, one or more of the criteria or conditions mentioned below can be used when coupling free chargers L with occupied chargers L be taken into account.

One or more of the conditions mentioned below can be applied in any order and, if necessary, can also be adapted depending on the situation, for example depending on the specific occupancy of the system 2 or the chargers L , In particular, it is possible to apply a previously considered condition when the state of the system changes 2 no longer to be taken into account or when the state of the system changes 2 Another condition (in addition) to be considered, especially if an occupied charger L to a free charger L or vice versa.

condition 1 : The sum of the charging powers of the occupied charger L and the associated free chargers L should not exceed a maximum value or a maximum charging power. In the illustration examples, this maximum value is, for example, 200 kW, corresponding to the total charging power of the chargers L a group G ,

condition 2 : As an alternative or in addition to the maximum power, a target charging power can be or can be specified, which in particular can also be lower than the maximum charging power. It is possible that a more symmetrical or uniform distribution of the charging powers can be achieved in this way.

condition 3 : Alternatively or additionally, it is preferably provided that each occupied charger L or on an accumulator 3 connected charger L (at least) with the charging power of the connected charger L is loaded. In this way, in particular, a minimal charging capacity can be guaranteed or implemented for each connected accumulator. In other words, everyone is connected to a charger in this case L connected accumulator 3 actually loaded. Optionally, however, it can also be provided that an (actually) occupied charger L its charging power to an occupied charger L higher priority 7 passes. This can be achieved, for example, by a condition according to which all charged chargers are preferred L with higher priority 7 reach the target charging power and / or maximum charging power. In other words, it may be possible that an occupied charger L only for charging the connected accumulator 3 is used when all other chargers are already in use L with higher priority 7 are supplied with the target charging power or maximum charging power.

condition 4 : Free chargers are preferably coupled L with occupied chargers L only within the same group G ,

condition 5 : Free chargers are preferably coupled L with occupied chargers L only within the same correspondence group K ,

condition 6 : (Only) the occupied chargers L one or more specific correspondence groups K , especially the first or highest correspondence group K1 , is a coupling with free chargers L within the same correspondence group K allowed. Alternatively or additionally, coupling within the same correspondence group may (only) be permitted if a group G only free chargers L or none of the chargers L within a group G an occupied charger L is. Further constellations in which there is a link within the correspondence group K comes into question are, for example, the detection of a GAP, as further below in connection with 9 described, or a "coupling around the corner" to forward the charging power of all free chargers, if possible L to enable. This is also explained in more detail below.

If an "automatic co-coupling" of free, connectable chargers already described above L between a free charger L and a charger that can be connected to it L lie, takes place and at the same time a limit value in the form of a maximum charging power and / or a target charging power is provided (condition 1 and / or condition 2 ), it is possible that this limit value will be exceeded during automatic positive coupling. In this case, there is preferably initially no coupling of the free charger under consideration L , the possible concatenation is therefore preferably discarded. It is then preferably checked whether a coupling or Linking with the accessible charger L the next highest priority 7 (if available), the second highest priority 7 among the accessible chargers L , can be formed. If this also leads to an overrun, it is checked again whether a coupling or chaining with the accessible occupied charger L third highest priority 7 is possible, etc. If no coupling or chaining exceeding the limit value is possible, the charger considered remains free at first and can eventually end with an assignment of still free chargers with charged chargers L be coupled. Chains preferably become occupied chargers L that have already been rejected due to the limit being exceeded are not formed even if they could be linked using an alternative route that does not lead to a performance overrun. However, this is not mandatory.

This procedure leads to an example not shown, but in which the system 2 a structure like in the 3 to 13 to the following chains: In this example it is assumed that the chargers L13 to L20 occupied chargers L are that the chargers L1 to L12 free chargers L and that a maximum charging power of 120 kW is provided, with each charger L has a charging capacity of 40 kW. In this case, in principle L1 With L13 be connected, but what with the corresponding coupling of the chargers L5 and L9 would lead to a charging power of 160 kW and thus exceed the limit. Hence the charger L1 with the charger L17 coupled. The charger is coupled in the same way L2 with the charger L18 , the charger L3 with the charger L19 and the charger L4 with the charger L20 , Then the charger L5 with coupling of the charger L9 With L13 coupled, and analog would be a coupling of the chargers L6 and L10 with the charger L14 , a coupling of the chargers L7 and L11 with the charger L15 and a coupling of the chargers L8 and L12 with the charger L16 respectively.

In another example, not shown, but in which the system 2 a structure like in the 3 to 13 shown, it is assumed that the chargers L17 to L20 occupied chargers L are that the chargers L1 to L16 free chargers L and that a maximum charging power of 160 kW is provided, with each charger L has a charging capacity of 40 kW. A chain of the charger L1 with the charger L17 about the chargers L5 . L9 and L13 would not happen due to the limit being exceeded. Because a chaining of the charger L1 with the charger L17 it has already been rejected, it can be provided that the direct linkage of the charger, which is also possible L1 with the charger L17 ("To the left") did not take place. This would result in the chargers being linked L5 . L9 and L13 with the charger L17 , the chargers L6 . L10 and L14 with the charger L18 , the chargers L7 . L11 and L15 with the charger L19 , and the chargers L8 . L12 and L16 with the charger L20 , so the chargers L17 to L20 each with maximum charging power and the chargers L1 to L4 do not pass on their charging power. Alternatively, an “alternative link” can also be allowed: after the chaining of the chargers has been rejected L1 . L5 . L9 . L13 with the charger L17 in this case there would be a direct chaining of the charger L1 with the charger L17 , Ultimately, this procedure would result in a chaining of the chargers L1 . L5 and L9 with the charger L17 , a chain of chargers L2 . L6 and L10 with the charger L18 , a chain of chargers L3 . L7 and L11 with the charger L19 and a chain of chargers L4 . L8 and L12 with the charger L20 , so the chargers L17 to L20 would each be supplied with the intended maximum charging power of 160 kW and the chargers L13 to L16 would not pass on their charging power.

As already explained, it can be provided in the respective group G and / or correspondent group K the charging capacity of one or more free chargers L to or via neighboring (directly with the free charger L connectable) chargers L same group G or correspondence group K to couple such that the charging capacity of the free chargers L to the one of the occupied chargers L is passed on or forwarded, which is the highest priority 7 having.

In the example shown, this is done in the first group G1 with the charger L9 such that, for example, with the controller 9 , it is first checked in which direction of the row or chain the nearest occupied charger L the highest priority 7 is present. Alternatively or additionally, however, it can be provided that within a group G Basically, it is first checked which coupling options (starting from an occupied charger L ) exist for an occupied charger "to the left" and only then can the connection options "to the right" be checked or vice versa.

In the first group G1 are the chargers L1 and L5 that are adjacent to each other, the charger L1 which has higher priority. The charger L1 is also (indirectly) adjacent and can therefore be coupled to the charger L9 ; in the illustration example about the other free chargers L13 and L17 , Consequently, the charger L9 with the charger L1 about the chargers L13 and L17 coupled such that the charging performance of the charger L9 to the charger L1 is redistributable or passed on.

The same applies to the charger L13 and the charger L17 because for these free chargers L also the occupied charger L same group G1 the highest priority 7 The charger L1 is. As a result, the charger L1 able to connect an accumulator 3 with a total of 160 kW, in the example four times its own charging capacity by forwarding the charging capacity of three additional chargers L9 . L13 and L17 to load. The charger L1 the highest priority 7 the first group G1 can be an accumulator 3 charge with a multiple of its own charging capacity and consequently accelerate the charging process accordingly.

The accumulator 3 who the charger L5 is assigned here, only with the charging power of the charger L5 charged or is chargeable with the charging power that the charger L5 with which the accumulator 3 is connected or can be connected.

For the second group G2 there is a corresponding configuration, the charger L2 the highest priority 7 the group G enjoys and is occupied, so those free chargers L that directly or through other free chargers L with the charger L2 the highest priority 7 can be coupled, coupled with them and the charging power of the free chargers L10 . L14 and L18 is accordingly to the charger L2 the highest priority 7 forwarded. Here too it is preferably provided that the accumulator 3 of the charger L with the lower priority 7 only with the charging power of that charger L6 can be supplied or charged by the charger L6 provides itself.

In the third group G3 is just a charger L3 proves that at the same time the highest priority 7 having. As a result, the charging performance of all other free chargers L7 . L11 . L15 . L19 the same group G3 to the charger L3 the highest priority 7 passed on to the charger L3 the highest priority 7 L3 an accumulator connected or connectable there 3 with one corresponding to the sum of your own and the charging capacities of the other free chargers L can load. The free chargers can be used for this L via coupling devices, not shown 8th accordingly with the charger L3 the highest priority 7 be coupled. This is the charger L19 directly or directly with the charger L3 coupled and the other free chargers L15 . L11 and L7 each with free chargers in between L ,

The same configuration as in the third group G3 is also in the fourth group G4 before, so that the charging power of all other free chargers L8 . L12 . L16 and L20 is forwarded by coupling to the occupied charger L4 the highest priority 7 ,

A coupling and forwarding of charging power between mutually corresponding chargers L (chargers L same correspondence group K ) takes place in the exemplary embodiment according to 3 Not. It is preferred to test before a charger L is coupled whether in the same group G and / or the same correspondent group K the occupied charger L the highest priority 7 is provided. The coupling then takes place directly or indirectly via further free chargers L preferably with those occupied charger L the highest priority 7 , In the example shown, the priority is always 7 of an occupied charger L same group G the one with the highest priority 7 , which is why in the example according to 3 the free chargers L their charging performance only through couplings within the same group G hand off.

When connecting within a correspondence group, it can be provided that it is first checked which connection options exist for an occupied charger "upwards" and only then that connection options "downwards" are checked or vice versa.

At the in 3 The example shown is the coupling based on the occupied chargers L he follows. As a result, the charger first came here L1 with the charger L17 and then (indirectly) continue with the chargers L13 and L9 coupled. The same went for the chargers L2 . L3 and L4 method. This results in a chaining or coupling "to the right", as in 3 indicated by the arrows.

With a coupling based on the free chargers L , especially in the order of their priority 7 , would, for example, with the charger L7 started and this with the charger L3 immediately coupled. Then the charger L8 immediately with the charger L4 coupled. For the charger L9 there would be the possibility of direct coupling with the charger L5 or the indirect coupling with the charger L1 , but with the charger L1 the higher priority 7 Has. In this case there is a coupling with the charger L1 prefers. An indirect coupling of the charger then preferably takes place L9 with the charger L1 about the chargers L13 and L17 ,

It is particularly preferred here if the free charger to be coupled (just being considered) is to be coupled L , here the charger L9 , and the thus indirectly connected occupied charger L , here the charger L1 , an automatic coupling of the free chargers in between L , here the chargers L13 and L17 , he follows. This applies if condition 1 or condition 2 (maximum charging (target) performance) is not fulfilled or is active. If the power setpoint of the occupied charger to be coupled L (here the charger L1 ) is exceeded by such a chaining, the charger considered L (here the charger L9 ) not to the occupied and accessible charger L with the highest priority 7 (here charger L1 ) connected. In this case, the free charger L9 to the accessible charger L with the next highest priority 7 (here the charger L5 ) connected.

The chargers are then corresponding L10 . L14 and L18 with the charger L2 coupled. Then the chargers L11 . L12 . L15 . L16 . L19 and L20 in this order, alternating indirectly with the charger L3 and the charger L4 coupled, so that the overall in 3 shown power inheritance or forwarding of the charging power results.

In the variant of the coupling of the chargers just explained by way of example L starting from the free chargers L thus also result in the 3 shown charging capacities of the loaded chargers L1 to L6 , but with the coupling within the groups G3 and G4 "To the left" instead of (as shown) "to the right".

At the in 3 shown occupancy status of the system 2 it would also be possible (according to the condition previously explained 3 ) no guarantee of charging performance. In this case, the charging performance of the chargers would also L5 and L6 to the respective used charger L the group G1 . G2 with the highest priority 7 to the charger L1 respectively. L2 passed. So it would be the chargers L1 to L4 with the maximum charging power, here 200 kW, and that to the chargers L5 and L6 connected accumulators 3 would not be loaded (temporarily).

4 shows a corresponding schematic view of a proposed system 2 in a different, second status. Here it is that the chargers L1 to L4 free chargers L are, for example, due to the fact that corresponding batteries 3 on the chargers L1 to L4 connected, are already fully charged. Alternatively, one or more of the chargers L1 to L4 this also means free chargers L form that corresponding accumulators 3 full, no longer assigned and / or for example from the connection 6 are separated.

In the first group G1 in the embodiment according to 4 the same applies to the charger L9 the first group G1 , The charger L1 the first group G1 could either use the charger L5 or via the charger L17 with the charger L13 be connected as these chargers L in the same group G are occupied. The coupling is therefore made by the charger L1 to the charger L5 because the charger L5 a higher priority 7 than the charger L13 having. The same applies to the charger, which is also free L9 , basically with the occupied charger L5 and the occupied charger L13 could be coupled and consequently with the charger L the higher priority 7 , namely the charger L5 is coupled to pass on charging power.

Ultimately is in the first group G1 nor the charger L17 a free charger that is immediately adjacent to the charger L13 and about the charger L1 is indirectly adjacent or can be coupled to the charger L5 , The charger also points here L5 the highest priority 7 among those chargers L on, which are occupied and directly or via other free chargers L can be coupled. Consequently, the charger L17 - In the illustration example using the charger L1 - with the charger L5 coupled such that a charging power to the charger L5 is passed on or can be passed on.

In the second group G2 are two adjacent chargers L2 . L18 free chargers L , These limit directly or indirectly via another free charger L to the occupied chargers L6 and L14 on. Of these, the charger has L6 the higher priority 7 so both free chargers L with the charger L6 be coupled so that the charging power to the charger L6 is passed on or can be passed on. The charger L6 consequently has the charging capacity of the chargers in addition to its own charging capacity L18 and L2 available to the charger L6 a total of 120 kW are available to an accumulator 3 to charge, i.e. the sum of your own charging power and the charging power of the two free chargers connected to it L ,

In the third group G3 are three free chargers L15 . L19 and L3 directly or indirectly adjacent or connectable to the occupied chargers L7 and L11 , Because of the higher priority 7 of the charger L7 consequently, all three free chargers L15 . L19 and L3 with the occupied charger L7 coupled.

The same applies to the fourth group G4 in the representation example according to 4 where the free chargers L16 . L20 and L4 basically with the chargers L8 and L12 would be connectable, of which, however, the charger L8 the higher priority 7 has, which is why the free chargers L be coupled with these and the occupied charger L8 consequently a total of four times their own charging power, here 160 kW, are available.

In 5 is the proposed system 2 shown in a further state. Here are numerous chargers L higher priorities 7 free chargers L , For example, it is a system 2 for the depot 1 where most electric vehicles 4 the batteries are already fully charged 3 of those electric vehicles 4 on the chargers L1 to L11 and L13 are already fully loaded. Alternatively or in addition are some of the chargers mentioned L already free chargers L that accumulators 3 from the respective charger L have been disconnected and corresponding electric vehicles 4 if necessary from the depot 1 drove. In other words, it is possible that with previously occupied chargers L by removing the assignment, what by disconnecting an accumulator 3 , by identifying the vacancy of a parking space 11 o. Like. Can take place, one or more of the chargers L have become free and are now available as free chargers L are available to pass on charging power (despite high priority 7 ).

In 5 is in the group G1 just an occupied charger L17 which is the lowest priority 7 of the chargers L the first group G1 Has. The free chargers L1 . L5 . L9 and L13 consequently, despite the low priority 7 with the only occupied charger L17 coupled in such a way that their charging power to the only occupied charger L17 is passed on and the charger L17 is equipped with the sum of the charging powers - here five times its own charging power, namely 200 kW - by an assigned, in particular connected, accumulator 3 to load.

In the second group G2 are three free chargers L2 . L6 . L10 directly or indirectly adjacent to the two occupied chargers L14 and L18 , Of these occupied chargers L14 . L18 instructs the charger L14 the higher priority 7 so that the three free chargers L2 . L6 . L10 be coupled with this and the charger L14 consequently the total charging power is available - here 160 kW.

The same as for the second group G2 also applies to the third group G3 , In the fourth group G4 are just two free chargers L4 and L8 available, which are directly or indirectly adjacent, i.e. can be coupled - directly or via free chargers L - with the loaded chargers L12 and L20 , Of these, the charger points L12 the higher priority 7 on so that the charging performance of the free chargers L4 . L8 to the occupied charger L12 is forwarded. The occupied charger L16 has no free charger L on that in the same group G4 is arranged adjacent to the occupied charger L16 no additional charging power can be passed on. The same applies to the occupied charger L20 that because of its low priority 7 despite neighboring free chargers L same group G4 no additional charging power is forwarded. The occupied chargers L16 and L20 however, preferably charge the associated or connected batteries with their own charging power 3 ,

In particular, the result in 5 Coupling shown automatically when coupling the free chargers L with the occupied chargers L starting from the free chargers L takes place, the coupling according to the order of priority 7 of free chargers L takes place and an "automatic co-coupling" of free chargers in between, already mentioned above L he follows.

At the in 5 The example shown would also be conceivable for the chargers L the correspondence group K4 only pairing with chargers L from the same correspondence group K4 to allow. The charger would then also deviate from the coupling or connection shown L13 with the charger L14 coupled so that the charger L14 would be supplied with 200 kW charging power and the charger L17 with the chargers L9 . L5 and L1 would be coupled and would accordingly be supplied with 160 kW charging power.

6 shows a further exemplary state of the proposed system 2 , Here is the charger L2 free so that its charging power can be passed on. The free charger is adjacent L2 directly to the occupied chargers L1 . L3 and L6 as well as indirectly via the free charger L18 with the occupied charger L14 , Of these occupied chargers L , either by direct coupling or by coupling using other free chargers L same group G or correspondence group K are connectable, the charger L1 the highest priority 7 on. As a result, the charging performance of the free charger L2 to the occupied charger L1 passed.

Furthermore, the free charger L4 can be coupled with the occupied chargers L3 . L8 . L1 and L12 , The charger also shows these chargers L1 the highest priority so that the free charger L4 preferably with the occupied charger L1 is coupled so that its charging power to the charger L1 is passed on.

The charger L1 additionally receives the charging capacity of the free charger L17 , The charger L17 is within the first group G1 with the chargers L13 and L1 connectable, of which the charger L1 the higher priority 7 has so that the coupling with the charger L1 he follows.

As a result, the occupied charger receives L1 Charging power from the free chargers L2 . L4 and L17 , so that the occupied charger L1 an accumulator 3 with the sum of the available charging powers, here 160 kW as an example.

The occupied chargers L5 to L13 and L15 due to the lack of connectable free chargers L not supplied with additional charging power, so that this has an associated accumulator 3 only supply with their own charging power.

The free charger L19 is directly connectable with the occupied chargers L3 and L15 of which the charger L3 which has higher priority, so that the coupling of the free charger L19 with the occupied charger L3 done and the charger L3 consequently an accumulator 3 with the sum of your own charging power and that of the charger L19 provided service can load.

Preferably a charger L in each case only coupled or is by means of the coupling device 8th can be coupled, that the charging power only to one occupied charger L can be passed on. It is further preferred that the charging power is forwarded to a charger L the highest priority 7 Takes precedence.

This has been shown in the illustration example 6 Influence on the coupling of the free charger L18 , The free charger L18 is immediately adjacent or can be coupled to the occupied charger L14 , In principle, there would also be a coupling of the free charger L18 within the correspondence group K5 into consideration. However, there is no occupied charger here L existing, so that a coupling within the correspondence group K5 is out of the question.

There is also a coupling of the free charger L18 via the free charger L2 with the occupied charger L6 in that the free charger L2 with the occupied charger L1 the higher priority 7 is coupled or is. Simultaneous coupling of the charger L2 with the higher priority charger L1 and forwarding charging power to the charger L6 is preferably not provided. For this purpose the charger would need to L2 namely couplings with two different occupied chargers L1 . L6 for forwarding charging power to both occupied chargers L1 . L6 produce what is preferably not provided.

Overall, there is preferably a coupling of chargers L and also an indirect coupling via neighboring chargers L exclusively within the group G or (alternatively) within the correspondence group K provided, but not a simultaneous coupling of one of the chargers L both within his group G as well as within his correspondent group K ,

As a result, this results in the free charger L18 not about the free charger L2 with the occupied charger L6 is connectable so that the free charger L18 only with the charger L14 can be coupled and is coupled so that the charger L14 an accumulator 3 with the sum of its charging power and the charging power of the free charger L18 can load.

The same applies to the fourth group G4 , in which two free chargers L16 . L20 in addition to that already with the charger L1 paired free charger L4 be available. Due to the coupling of the charger L4 in the correspondence group K1 is a coupling of the free chargers L16 . L20 with the occupied charger L8 via the free charger L4 not possible. Starting from the free charger L16 can therefore only charge the (directly adjacent) chargers L12 . L15 and L13 be passed on. Of these, the charger has L12 the highest priority 7 , so that the forwarding of the charging power of the free charger L16 to the occupied charger L12 he follows.

The same applies to the forwarding of the charging power of the free charger L20 , whose charging power via the charger L16 to the occupied charger L12 is forwarded. As a result, the occupied charger contains L12 hence the sum of your own charging power and that of two free chargers L16 . L20 so the charger L12 in the example 120 kW for charging an accumulator 3 be available.

7 shows a further, simplified schematic view of the proposed system 2 in another condition. This state can be seen as a "subsequent state" of the in 6 shown state are understood, in which the charger L1 is now free, for example because of the charger L1 assigned accumulator 3 has already been fully loaded. The interconnection within the correspondence group K1 is permissible as usual. Here are the chargers in particular L1 . L2 and L4 free chargers L same correspondence group K1 (Column). The free charger L1 can use one of the free chargers L2 . L4 with the occupied charger L3 or with the occupied chargers L5 or L13 get connected. The chargers L5 . L13 the same group G1 that directly or through another free charger L with the charger L1 could be coupled, however, have a lower priority 7 than the occupied charger L3 same correspondence group K of the charger L1 on. Consequently, the charger L1 , in the illustration example using the charger L2 , with the charger L3 coupled so that charging power from the charger L1 to the charger L3 can be passed on.

The same applies to the charger L2 that in the same group G2 with the occupied chargers L6 and L14 could be coupled in the same correspondence group K however with the occupied charger L3 the higher priority 7 so that the charger too L2 with the charger L3 is coupled to the charger L3 the charging performance of the charger L2 pass.

The charger also does the same L4 that with the charger L3 is coupled because the charger L3 a higher priority 7 has as the occupied chargers L8 and L12 same group G4 with which the free charger L4 alternatively would be connectable.

The free charger L17 comes with the immediately adjacent occupied charger L13 coupled, because of the basically free charger L1 same group charging power not to the charger L5 can be forwarded as the charger L1 already with the charger L3 within the correspondence group K1 is coupled.

If a free charger L so already in the correspondence group K with a higher priority other charger L such a free charger is to be coupled or is coupled L no longer for coupling within the group G to disposal. The same applies preferably vice versa, so that a free charger L what is already within the group G with a higher priority charger L coupled or to be coupled, this free charger L not to forward charging power within the correspondence group K is used or can be used.

A corresponding result also results for the free charger L18 that with the occupied charger L14 is coupled because the charger, which is basically a higher priority L6 due to the coupling of the charger L2 with the charger L3 not for forwarding the charging power from the charger L18 to the charger L6 is available. Hence, the highest priority charger L , with the charger L18 can be coupled, the charger L14 , With this is the charger L18 in the representation example according to 7 also coupled, so that in addition to its own charging capacity, the charging capacity of the charger L18 is available.

The free charger L19 is both immediately adjacent to the charger within the same group L15 to the charger as well L3 , Consequently, the charger L15 with the charger L3 coupled or is coupled with this.

Because with the charger L3 both the chargers L1 . L2 and L4 same correspondence group K as well as with the charger L19 same group G is coupled, the charger L3 the sum of these charging powers, 200 kW as an example, is available.

The free chargers L16 and L20 can due to the coupling of the charger L4 within the correspondence group K only with the occupied charger L12 be coupled. Through this coupling, the charger receives L12 , in the representation example according to 7 , consequently the additional charging capacity of the chargers L16 and L20 , which in the exemplary embodiment leads to an available charging power on the charger L12 of a total of 120 kW.

8th shows the proposed system 2 in a condition that is characteristic of a depot 1 , in which 15 electric vehicles 4 have successively arrived with a similar state of charge. The one for electric vehicles 4 associated batteries 3 is then in the depot upon arrival 1 the free charger in succession L with free connection 6 the highest priority 7 been assigned. In this way, the charger gradually became L1 to L15 assigned the accumulators 3 connected and the charging process started. Due to the fact that, as exemplified by the state 4 to recognize the chargers of the highest priority L1 . L2 . L3 and L4 Get the highest charging power at the beginning, are these batteries 3 recharged early and the chargers L1 . L2 . L3 . L4 become free chargers L , can therefore charge their charging power to occupied chargers L pass on.

For example, the in 8th depicted state as a subsequent state of related to 7 described condition, in which the charger L3 now also as a free charger L is available.

So is in the representation example according to 8th The charger L1 a free charger L and adjacent to the charger L5 what the charger L the same group G1 with the highest priority 7 represents why the charger L1 with the charger L5 to pass on the charging power to the charger L5 can be coupled or is coupled. An alternative forwarding of the charging power of the charger L1 to the occupied charger L13 comes because of the lower priority 7 of the charger L13 not considered.

Regarding the charger L17 The corresponding results. Here too, the charging power can be transferred to the charger L13 and about the charger L1 to the charger L5 passed on or forwarded. Because of the higher priority 7 The charging power of the charger is then coupled and forwarded as a result L17 to the charger L5 , The charger L5 loads the assigned accumulator 3 then consequently with the sum of the charging powers of the chargers L1 . L5 and L17 , which results in a charging power of 120 kW. The other occupied chargers L9 and L13 charge their accumulators 3 each with its own charging power.

The same applies to the second group G2 and the third group G3 or the chargers L18 , and L19 , which is why there is no repeated explanation here.

In the fourth group G4 is due to the highest priority 7 of the charger L8 in this group the charging capacity of the free chargers L4 . L16 and L20 to the occupied charger L8 passed so the charger L8 an accumulator 3 can charge with the total of the provided charging power including your own charging power - in the example 160 kW from a total of 4x40 kW. The occupied charger L12 the fourth group G4 with the lower priority 7 with the value " 12 “Is not supplied with additional charging power from other chargers, can the assigned battery 3 however, charge with your own charging power (40 kW in the example shown).

The accumulators 3 or electric vehicles 4 that with the chargers L the highest priority L1 . L2 . L3 . L4 have already been loaded, are shown in the illustration example according to 8th already available for use again.

Due to the concentration of the charging power according to the priorities 7 of the chargers L , those are priorities 7 subsequent chargers L now supplied with an increased charging power, so that the batteries 3 of these chargers L5 . L6 . L7 . L8 are charged primarily and are expected to be fully charged next, so that accumulators 3 and electric vehicles 4 are at least essentially available again due to the priority-dependent assignment in the order in which the assignment was made.

After the assignments preferably follow one another in time, for example by the arrival of the electric vehicles 4 or accumulators 3 in the depot 1 takes place, can advantageously a first-in-first-out principle with the proposed system 2 particularly quickly and with manageable complexity and manageable effort.

In the embodiment according to 9 is another state of the proposed system 2 shown. This is preferably a state of the system 2 where everyone 20 Charger L are assigned or were in any case. So here it is the case that the accumulators of those chargers L with the higher priority L1-L6 . L8-L10 and L12 have already been fully loaded.

The peculiarity of this state is that from the second correspondence group K2 only one charger L7 is occupied and also from the next higher correspondence group K3 with chargers L of the next lower priorities 7 is just a charger L11 busy. This can be the case if an accumulator 3 , here the charger L7 assigned, has a much higher capacity or is discharged much more than the batteries 3 that the other chargers L have been or were assigned.

In this constellation, a so-called “GAP” is detected, which means that there are still individual chargers L one of the correspondence groups K with chargers L higher priorities 7 are occupied while correspondent groups K with chargers L lower priority 7 several occupied chargers L have or all are occupied.

In the example 9 has the GAP the size " 1 ". The size of the GAP is defined as the number of correspondence groups K between the "highest" correspondence group K with (exactly one) occupied charger L - In the example shown, the correspondence group K2 - and the next higher correspondence group K with more than one occupied charger L - In the example shown, the correspondence group K4 - lie. In the example shown, this is exactly one correspondence group K , namely the correspondence group K3 , so the size of the GAP here " 1 "Is. In the in 10 system state shown, the width of the GAP is "0".

In the case of a GAP, deviating from the usual method, all free chargers can preferably be provided first L same correspondence group K (here K2 ) and / or the same group G (here G3 ), insofar as they are available directly or via another free charger L with the occupied charger L (here L7 ) can be coupled to this, so that the charging process of the accumulator 3 with the charger L7 connected, is accelerated. It is also possible to deviate from a conventional method only from a certain size of the GAP and special conditions or couplings, in particular couplings within a correspondence group K , to provide or allow, for example from or with a size of the GAP of 0, 1, or 2.

The free chargers L1 . L2 and L4 can due to the coupling of the chargers L5 . L6 and L8 within the correspondence group K3 with the charger L7 not with the charger with the highest priority L13 . L14 and L16 the same group, which is why a coupling here with the only connectable occupied charger L takes place, namely the coupling of the charger L1 with the charger L17 , the charger L2 with the charger L18 and the charger L4 with the charger L20 ,

Basically it is provided that due to the higher priority 7 of the charger L11 the chargers L9 . L10 and L12 be coupled with this. In the example shown, this is not the case - in contrast to the basic mode of operation. Deviating here is a coupling exclusively in the respective groups G1 . G2 . G4 , namely in the example between the charger L9 and the charger L13 as well as between the charger L10 and the charger L14 and further between the charger L12 and the charger L16 performed. It is therefore possible, when detecting a GAP, in the case of several correspondence groups K each only one occupied charger L there is a so-called “forward operation” for those free chargers L performed that is not with the charger L the highest priority 7 , here L7 , can be coupled. Here, certain free chargers are then coupled L only within the respective group G what about that in 9 represented mode of the system 2 leads. In the case of a GAP, this “forward operation” can be dispensed with depending on the application. In that case, as mentioned, the chargers L9 . L10 and L12 with the charger L11 connected or coupled.

Even in the state according to 10 there is a so-called “forward operation” or “linear feed forward operation”, in which a coupling is restricted or is restricted to the respective group, particularly depending on certain conditions or criteria G , Couplings within the correspondence groups K are blocked. The forward mode corresponds to the condition mentioned above 4 , At the in 10 The example shown here corresponds to the forward mode of operation in which the free chargers L in order of priority 7 each with the reachable, occupied charger L with the highest priority 7 be coupled.

Specifically, the forward operation means in 10 that with the restriction on coupling within the groups G , there with the charger L the highest priority 7 same group G who have favourited Chargers L1 . L5 and L9 so with the charger L13 be coupled. The chargers L2 . L6 and L10 are using the charger L14 coupled.

The chargers L3 and L7 are using the charger L11 coupled. Furthermore, the chargers L4 . L8 and L12 with the charger L16 coupled. This operation has the advantage that the chargers L13 . L14 and L16 can be supplied with additional energy.

When the free chargers are connected L with occupied chargers L in order of priority 7 of free chargers L also results in the 10 System status shown: First, the charger L1 coupled with the charger L13 , the chargers L5 and L9 be coupled. The charger is then coupled analogously L2 with the charger L14 with coupling of the chargers L6 and L10 , then a pairing of the charger L3 with the charger L11 with coupling of the charger L7 and finally a coupling of the charger L4 with the charger L16 with coupling of the chargers L8 and L12 ,

Linear feed-forward operation, in which the coupling within the correspondence groups is carried out under certain criteria K at least for certain correspondence groups K is blocked, it serves in particular the goal of forwarding charging power to as many chargers as possible L as high a priority as possible 7 to enable.

This has advantages for depots, for example 1 , according to which in 10 shown matrix structure electric vehicles 4 on corresponding parking spaces 11 are or will be parked one after the other in such a way that a later exit according to the first-in-first-out principle can only take place in such a way that the vehicles that have entered first 4 drive out again first.

One can imagine this using the 10 in that even the electric vehicles 4 in sequence, similar to the schematic arrangement according to 10 with chargers L shown on parking spaces 11 be parked. The entrance of the vehicles 4 takes place in the group G and towards the highest priority 7 , at the parking space 11 corresponding to the charger L1 will become an electric vehicle 4 first parked, and then successively on the parking spaces after the time of entry 11 , each for free charger L with free connection 6 the highest priority 7 correspond. It can therefore be provided that in the depot 1 the vehicle that the charger L17 assigned, can only extend when the charger L13 his accumulator 3 fully loaded. An exception to this is given when the batteries are fully charged 3 is not necessary due to shorter distances.

Basically, it is possible that the system 2 the coupling scheme changes in the course of the assignment and loading process. It is preferred that initially free chargers L with the assigned charger L be coupled, either within the same group G or within the same correspondence group K the highest priority 7 and either directly to this top priority charger 7 adjacent or via other free chargers L with the charger L the highest priority 7 can be coupled.

In a further coupling scheme, which preferably follows the first coupling scheme, the coupling is within certain correspondence groups in any case K blocked, so that coupling only within the groups G he follows. Here, the coupling is preferably carried out again with that of the occupied charger L that is the highest priority 7 and either directly to a free charger L , which has to be coupled, adjoins or via one or more free chargers L with the occupied charger L the highest priority 7 can be coupled. This coupling scheme can be activated, for example, when more than 20%, particularly preferably more than 40%, of the charging devices L an accumulator 3 have charged and then back to free chargers L became.

However, it is possible to change the coupling mode back to the original mode, especially if all correspondence groups K with at least one occupied charger L also other occupied chargers L exhibit.

11 shows in an example the case that the correspondence groups K4 . K5 several occupied chargers L have or all chargers L the group G3 free chargers L are. In the representation example according to 11 will be in accordance with the original coupling scheme, i.e. the free chargers L1 . L5 and L9 with the occupied charger L13 who have favourited Free Chargers L2 . L6 and L10 with the occupied charger L14 and the free chargers L4 . L8 and L12 with the occupied charger L16 coupled. The free chargers L15 and L19 are within the same correspondence group K4 and K5 each with the charger L the highest priority 7 coupled, the charger L15 so with the charger L14 and the charger L19 with the charger L18 ,

The free chargers L3 . L7 and L11 are, however, with no other charger L coupled. There is no occupied charger here L in the same group G that could be paired with. Furthermore, there are no occupied chargers in the same correspondence group K with which a coupling could take place. Consequently, in this embodiment there is no coupling of the free chargers L3 L7 and L11 performed.

The example from 11 shows that unused wasted lying by free chargers L despite the material-friendly construction of the system 2 rare and more likely to occur when almost accumulators already exist 3 are fully charged.

In principle, however, it is also conceivable that a free charger L without a charged charger L in the same group G3 and correspondence group K3 with a free charger L that already has an occupied charger L is coupled, is additionally coupled. This is preferably done in such a way that additional charging power is added to that charger L is added that has not yet reached a maximum charging capacity and / or that with a charger L the highest priority 7 of those occupied chargers L is connected, which can be connected to the free charger.

In the example, the charger could L 11 in an alternative (not shown) with the free charger L10 . L15 . L12 or via the other chargers L7 and L3 with the charger L19 can also be connected. An additional connection with the occupied charger L13 is due to the adjacent free chargers L10 and L12 that are already with the loaded chargers L14 and L16 are blocked.

Here it is preferred that a complementary coupling with the free charger L10 done with the occupied charger L14 the higher priority 7 or highest priority 7 among the occupied chargers L that are accessible. The charger L11 could use the charger L10 can be switched on and in addition the charger L14 Food. Alternatively, the charger could L11 the charger L15 can also be connected to the charger L14 to provide additional charging energy.

If the charger L14 on the other hand, has a maximum charging power of 200 kW, for example, so that a connection would not be possible or would not be effective, the charger becomes L11 preferably the charger L12 switched on to the charger L16 to supply with additional charging energy. The same is preferably done with the chargers L7 and or L3 using either an adjacent charger L same correspondence group K1 . K2 or via free chargers L same group G3 can also be coupled.

Basically, it can be provided, after the coupling, as described in the application examples, unused or not yet connected free chargers L identify and as described here with other chargers L to couple. For this, in particular, any charger that is still free L connected to the neighboring chain, whose "target charger" has the highest priority 7 and whose maximum charging capacity has not been reached.

In 12 is another state of the proposed system 2 shown, in which it is provided that a coupling only within the same group G is done and additionally it is provided that only if in the same group G no coupling is possible, coupling within the same correspondence group K4 . K5 done or checked. This operation can take place, for example, when the chargers L of the system 2 almost all are already assigned or were and only chargers L a low priority or a low number of occupied chargers L , preferably less than 50% of the chargers L , especially less than 40% of the chargers L , are still occupied.

This leads in the example according to 12 to the chargers L of the groups G1 and G2 can only be coupled within the group to the charger L that within the groups G1 . G2 the highest priority 7 has and directly with one of the free chargers L the respective group G can be coupled or via another free charger L the group G1 . G2 , In the group G3 there are free chargers L , but no occupied charger L , Therefore, in this group G3 the coupling within the correspondence groups K additionally released.

The free chargers L3 . L7 and L11 the third group G3 will not work with other chargers L coupled, since also in the respective correspondence group K1 . K2 . K3 no occupied charger L is available. Alternative solutions may correspond to those in connection with the example 11 have been discussed.

The free chargers L15 and L19 the third group G3 can due to a lack of a charger L in the group G3 not within the group G3 with an occupied charger L be coupled, the release for coupling within the respective correspondence group K3 . K4 however, preferably leads to coupling within these correspondence groups K4 . K5 , The free charger L15 is used with the charger used L directly or via another free charger L coupled which is the highest priority 7 having.

In the illustration example, however, is the free charger L14 same correspondence group K4 , which is adjacent or directly connectable to the charger L15 is within the group G2 coupled so that a forwarding of the charging power of the free charger L15 via the charger L14 is not possible or is not provided. Hence the free charger L15 with the occupied charger L16 coupled and the charging performance of the charger L15 the charger L16 made available.

If the free charger L19 accordingly within the correspondence group K5 with the charger L18 the highest priority 7 the charger could L18 possibly exceed a maximum additional charging power or would the charger L18 exceed the maximum charging power of 200 kW assumed in the illustration. This is preferably checked by the controller 9 ,

In principle, coupling is preferably only provided that a predetermined maximum charging power is not exceeded. As this would be the case here, for example, or other criteria against coupling with the charger L18 are present, the charger is coupled L19 with the charger L20 ,

A coupling of a free charger L with an occupied charger L the highest priority 7 is therefore preferably carried out under the additional requirement that the maximum charging power has not been reached or exceeded. If with the charger L the highest priority 7 the maximum charging power would be exceeded by coupling, the coupling is preferably carried out with another charger L , especially the charger L the (next) lower priority 7 , where the maximum charging power is not exceeded by coupling.

The in 12 However, the state shown is also achieved when a coupling is started from the free chargers L in order of priority 7 with the available available charger L the highest priority 7 with automatic coupling of free chargers in between L he follows. In this case, the charger L1 with coupling of the chargers L5 and L9 with the charger L13 coupled, then the charger L2 with coupling of the chargers L6 . L10 and L14 with the charger L18 coupled. The charger L3 would not be paired as no occupied charger can be reached. Then the charger would L4 with coupling of the chargers L8 and L12 with the charger L16 coupled. Next would be the charger L7 considered and due to a lack of accessible chargers L not coupled. Next would be the charger L11 considered and due to a lack of accessible chargers L not coupled. Eventually the charger would L15 with the charger L16 coupled because a forwarding to L13 via the charger L14 is no longer possible and the charger L19 would with the charger L20 coupled because of the charger L18 the maximum charging capacity has already been reached.

The situation is the same in 13 shown state. Couplings are also made here with an occupied charger L in addition to couplings within the group G only on condition that a maximum charging power - here 200 kW - is not exceeded.

In the first group G1 is this maximum charging power for the charger L17 already by coupling the chargers L1 . L5 . L9 and L13 with the charger L17 reached. The chargers L18 and L19 are therefore not using the charger L the highest priority 7 coupled, but differently within the correspondence group K5 with the charger L20 ,

Even with the charger L16 is already the highest specified charging power - here 200 kW - achieved by the free chargers L the group G4 that directly or through one or more free chargers L with the charger L16 can be coupled, are coupled to it and additionally within the correspondence group K4 The charger L15 with the charger L16 is coupled. A supplementary coupling of the charger L14 via the free charger L15 with the occupied charger L16 does not occur when the charging power for the charger L16 as a result, a maximum charging power - here 200 kW - would exceed. In this respect, the representation example according to 13 The charger L14 not coupled, although it is basically via the charger L15 with the charger L16 would be connectable.

The chargers are also not coupled L2 . L3 . L6 . L7 . L10 and L11 , since neither in the same group G still in the same correspondence group K an occupied charger L is available. A different scheme for this is in connection with 11 have been explained, with the charging power of a free "donor" charger L another free charger L is forwarded and the "receiver" charger L this charging power in its group G or correspondence group K , which differs from that of the "donor" charger L, forwards.

The free chargers L18 and L19 are exceptionally not the top priority charger here 7 within the correspondence group K5 coupled because the charger L17 the highest priority 7 within this correspondence group K5 has already reached a maximum charging capacity. As a result, the free chargers L18 and L19 with the occupied charger L20 coupled.

Deviating from the previously explained possibilities of an occupied charger L as a starting point for a coupling or chaining and a free charger L As a starting point for a coupling or chaining, it may also be possible to have an already coupled, free charger L to choose from starting point.

In this variant and / or in the variant of the coupling starting from a free charger L it is possible, especially if a coupling already described "around the corner" is made or possible, to pair all free chargers so that it does not occur or only to a lesser extent that - as in the examples from 11 to 13 - the charging performance of some chargers L remains unused.

It is also possible to implement various forms of chaining or coupling. In the examples described so far, there is a linear or beam-like and / or a cross-like or cross-shaped coupling (see, for example, the charger L7 in 9 ) realized. In principle, however, any other coupling geometries can be implemented, for example T-shaped, H-shaped, stair-shaped, combinations thereof or the like. Preferably, no X-shaped coupling geometry is provided, since in the preferred embodiment shown only “horizontal” and “vertical” couplings or links within the same group G and / or correspondent group K are provided. In an alternative embodiment, in particular in the case of a deviation in the matrix-like connection or chaining of the charging devices or if “diagonal” chainings are also possible, an X-shaped coupling geometry can also be possible or provided.

In 14 is a highly simplified schematic view of an overall system 12 shown, for example to operate a larger depot 1 , The overall system 12 preferably has at least two proposed systems 2 , three proposed systems in the illustration example 2A . 2 B . 2C on.

The respective systems 2A . 2 B . 2C can in turn be constructed again and have corresponding properties, as described in connection with the previous figures. For this, the same reference numerals for chargers L used as before. A "column" or correspondence group K of the respective system 2 forms here preferably with corresponding correspondence groups K of the other systems 2 a correspondence network 13 , A correspondence network 13 is the set of corresponding correspondence groups K different systems 2A . 2 B . 2C ,

In the illustration example it is provided that the first correspondence group K1 of the different systems 2A . 2 B . 2C put together a correspondence network 13A form.

A correspondence network 13 is preferably characterized in that an automatic assignment first of all chargers L1 - L4 of a correspondence network 13 with the chargers L of the highest priorities 7 assigns before a correspondence network 13 with chargers L lower priorities 7 is taken into account. Only when all chargers L1 - L4 the first group of correspondence K1 of all systems 2A . 2 B . 2C have been assigned to assigned chargers L or after a battery has been fully charged 3 free chargers again L are, but with an occupied connection 6 , chargers are assigned L of the second correspondence network 13B with chargers L5 - L8 lower priorities 7 or with chargers L the second correspondence group K2 , In this way, the charging performance of the respective systems 2A . 2 B . 2C be optimally used.

Analogous to the view that the groups G and correspondence groups K The entire system can form a two-dimensional matrix 12 can be viewed as a three-dimensional matrix in which the correspondence networks 13 the two-dimensional matrices or systems 2 link together. In particular, it can be provided that within the overall system 12 the priorities 7 of the chargers L are unique and so are the chargers L within a correspondence network 13 each via coupling devices 8th can be coupled together. In this case, every charger would be L to (exactly) six chargers L adjacent or with (exactly) six chargers L directly connectable.

Here, too, the assignment is preferably first made with the chargers L the highest priority 7 , In 15 this is shown schematically as an example on the basis of a time course. Accordingly, an assignment of all the chargers is preferably carried out sequentially in time L of the first correspondence network 13A with the chargers L of the first groups of correspondence K1 before assigning accumulators 3 to the chargers L the second group of correspondence K2 of the respective system 2A . 2 B . 2C or the chargers L of the second correspondence network 13B he follows.

In the representation example according to 15 the assignment takes place within the correspondence network 13 each so that from the first system 2A first the free charger L is assigned that among the free chargers L with free connection 6 the highest priority 7 within the first correspondence group K having. Only then does the corresponding assignment of batteries occur 3 to the chargers L of the first groups of correspondence K1 of the other system or systems 2 B . 2C in a corresponding manner.

Alternatively, however, an assignment within the correspondence network can also be made 13A be done in such a way that of the respective systems 2A . 2 B . 2C each the charger L with the highest priority 7 of the different systems 2A . 2 B . 2C is assigned first. Then the charger would first be in chronological order L1 of the first system 2A , then the charger L1 of the second system 2 B and then the charger L1 of the third system 2C assigned before the scheme with the charger L2 of the first system 2A continues. However, there may also be other, different schemes.

When the first correspondence groups K1 of the systems 2A . 2 B . 2C of the overall system 12 (i.e. all chargers L of these accumulators 3 ) have been assigned, the assignment is preferably in the second correspondence groups K2 of the systems 2A . 2 B . 2C of the overall system 12 continued. Here too, for example, the charger can be used first L of free chargers L with free connection 6 the highest priority in each case 7 be assigned.

In an alternative, however, all chargers are first L the same system 2A assigned before the chargers L a second or further system 2 B . 2C be assigned. Here, too, there is the alternative that the assignment of accumulators 3 alternately in all systems 2A . 2 B . 2C of the overall system 12 takes place, so that every further assignment with a charger L of another system 2 takes place and in these systems 2 again with the free charger L among the free chargers L with free connection 6 with the highest priority 7 ,

In the representation example according to 15 is in the respective correspondence network 13 however, first the correspondence group K2 of the respective system 2 fully assigned before another assignment within the second correspondence group K2 another or another system 2 B . 2C he follows.

16 shows an alternative to this, in which initially all chargers L of a system 2 assigned before the chargers L one other system 2 be assigned. While this is basically possible, that was previously related to 15 However, the described scheme has the advantage that the total charging time can be reduced. So in the scheme according to 15 first all chargers L of the first correspondence network 13A be charged with the highest charging capacity, since in all cases the additional chargers L with low priority 7 with the respective charger L high priority 7 are connectable or can be coupled. In the illustration example, the first twelve accumulators can 3 divided into four chargers each L1 - L4 the first group of correspondence K1 can be charged very quickly because the charging capacity - in the illustration example of a total of five chargers L - can be shared for charging.

In the scheme according to 16 the charging performance of the chargers L of the other systems 2 initially not used. Nevertheless, this scheme is also advantageous compared to the previously known procedures for operating or controlling a large number of chargers L , e.g. B. to operate a depot 1 for electric vehicles 4 ,

In the scheme according to 16 will be the first twenty electric vehicles 4 completely the first system 2A assigned, while in the scheme according to 15 evenly on all available systems 2A . 2 B . 2C be distributed. Accordingly, in 15 procedure illustrated the periods between the assignment of a correspondence group K , e.g. B. the first group of correspondence K1 , and the assignment of the following correspondence group, e.g. B. the first group of correspondence K2 , per system 2A . 2 B . 2C larger than the in 16 shown order of assignments.

Accordingly, according to the coupling mechanisms shown above, in the example of FIG 15 the electric vehicles that have already run in 4 the combined performance of several chargers over a longer period of time L be made available before portions of the system performance to the later arriving electric vehicles 4 is made available. In principle, after 15 the possible system performance of all systems (here 2A to 2C) of all incoming electric vehicles 4 made directly accessible while doing this 16 staggered or “in blocks”.

Primarily for applications for fleets of electric vehicles 4 , which arrive at different times, offers a procedure 15 to enable maximum charging power. An action after 16 is suitable, for example, for fleets with uncritical charging periods. By using the charging systems in blocks, for example, the power consumption could be reduced here by extending the charging processes in total. This can be helpful, for example, to reduce power peaks by stretching the total energy requirement over time, reducing the amplitudes.

The electric vehicles 4 or accumulators 3 are preferably assigned to new tours or missions according to the first-in-first-out principle. This can be automatic or automated, for example via the control 9 respectively. The (optional) signaling device can also be used for the assignment 10 are controlled such that a tour and / or use of the respective electric vehicle 4 is displayed, especially by the controller 9 controlled.

In relation to the exemplary embodiments, this preferably means that first the electric vehicle 4 , the or its accumulator 3 the charger L with the highest priority 7 is assigned, is assigned to a tour and other electric vehicles 4 in the order they are the chargers L were originally assigned.

Deviating from this, it can be provided that targeted electric vehicles 4 , their accumulators 3 are not yet fully charged and / or their accumulators 3 chargers L lower priority 7 are assigned to special, especially short, tours.

For example, electric vehicles can 4 , their accumulators 3 the correspondence group K5 with the chargers L17 - L20 the lowest priority 7 is / are assigned to specific, in particular short, tours, although also electric vehicles 4 with fully charged accumulator 3 assigned or connected to chargers L top priorities 7 would be available.

In a further, independently realizable aspect of the present invention, an assignment of accumulators can be made, depending in particular on the time of day 3 or the corresponding electric vehicles 4 to chargers L lower priority 7 respectively. Deviating from the assignment scheme described so far, it is therefore particularly possible to use accumulators 3 or electric vehicles 4 chargers L the correspondence group or groups K assign, the correspondence groups K the chargers L17 - L20 the lowest priority 7 exhibit.

Within the correspondence group K can in turn assign the highest priority 7 kick off. However, other solutions are also possible here.

In particular, referring to the embodiment according to FIG 14 possible that in this different assignment scheme accumulators 3 or electric vehicles 4 excluding the last, (fifth in the example) fifth correspondence group K5 or the last (fifth in the example) correspondence network 13E be assigned.

The decision criterion for whether a different assignment is made is preferably the time of the assignment, that is to say the arrival of the electric vehicles 4 with the corresponding accumulator 3 in the depot 1 , or special conditions such as special trips that result from the application scenario.

The primary application here is the intermediate charging of accumulators 3 of electric vehicles 4 who, after an operational start in the morning, went to the depot during the morning 1 / System 2 return and have to be recharged in order to take another, shorter tour in the afternoon area.

The different assignment of accumulators 3 or electric vehicles 4 is done in this example on the premise that accumulators 3 of certain electric vehicles 4 in the morning, for example between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m.

Different assignments may be necessary in particular to avoid electric vehicles 4 who operate a follow-up tour on the same day, and electric vehicles 4 who have already run in, but only serve the next tour on the following day, block each other.

In general, the space available in depots 1 very limited and the maneuvering of vehicles 4 is not always easily possible. Different assignments can ensure that the vehicles are not blocked 4 or corridors for maneuvering vehicles 4 be kept free.

There is preferably a specification for the number of accumulators 3 or electric vehicles 4 that are needed for a second tour on the same day. This number of accumulators 3 or electric vehicles 4 then - preferably under the additional condition of the time - the chargers L lower priority 7 or the correspondence group K or the correspondence network 13 lower priority 7 (with chargers L lower priority 7 than other free chargers L of correspondence groups K higher priority 7 ) assigned. Other electric vehicles 4 or accumulators 3 are then assigned according to the previously explained scheme, that is, preferably in each case to the charger L with the highest priority 7 ,

The deviating assignment can be made by using the signal device 10 is signaled that the accumulators 3 certain electric vehicles 4 with appropriate chargers L to be connected, i.e. by means of a line 5 about the connection 6 with the respective charger L should be connected in such a way that the accumulator 3 by means of the charger L can be loaded.

The specific implementation of a different assignment depends on the parking or loading spaces in the depot 1 and their connection to the charging system and the resulting priorities 7 at the respective parking lots.

For example, it can make sense to assign “intermediate loaders” with a follow-up tour on the same day to parking areas that (in relation to 14 ) the correspondence networks 13C to 13E assigned. vehicles 4 that arrive (afterwards) while the “intermediate loaders” are still being loaded, could be parked in the correspondence networks 13A and 13B be assigned, the load of these vehicles 4 only begins when the intermediate charging process is complete.

Such deviating assignments can only be represented here by way of example, since they are directly dependent on the local conditions. It may be necessary in the context of such deviating assignments to vehicles 4 temporarily park outside the loading areas to avoid blockages.

It goes without saying that the present aspects can be combined with one another.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

depot

2

system

3

accumulator

4

electric vehicle

5

management

6

connection

7

priority

8th

coupling device

9

control

10

signaling device

11

parking space

12

overall system

13

correspondence composite

G

group

K

correspondence group

L

charger

t

time

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2013/023701 A1 [0005]
• EP 3184353 A1 [0006]

Claims (7)

System (2) for charging accumulators (3) of electrically drivable vehicles by means of a plurality of chargers (L) which can be coupled to one another within a group (G) for passing on charging power, each of which has a connection (6) for charging one of the accumulators (3) . wherein at least one charger (L), referred to below as the "occupied charger", is assigned or can be assigned an incompletely charged accumulator (3) for charging, wherein no accumulator (3) is connected to at least one charger (L) referred to below as "free charger" or a connected accumulator (3) is either fully charged or is not charged for other reasons, the free charger (L) in is able to transfer charging power to other chargers (L), a free charger (L) with an available connection (6) being a charger (L) to which an accumulator (3) can be connected, the chargers (L) are each assigned a priority (7), the priorities (7) each being different and unique in their amount, the system (2) being designed to assign the accumulators (3) in the time sequence of their arrival the free charger (L), which has the highest priority among the free chargers (L), the connection (6) of which is available (7), whereby the previously free charger (L) becomes the occupied charger (L), and wherein at least one free charger (L) can be automatically coupled to that of the occupied charger (L), which is assigned the highest priority (7) of the occupied charger (L), so that the charging power of the at least one free charger (L) to the occupied charger (L) of the highest priority (7) is passed on and the accumulator (3) connected to the occupied charger (L) of the highest priority (7) with the sum of the charging powers of the occupied charger (L) of the highest priority (7) and the at least one free charger (L) is charged or is chargeable. System according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the chargers (L) of the group (G) each have exactly two adjacent or directly connectable chargers (L) and can only be coupled within the group (G) with the adjacent or directly connectable chargers (L) that the charging power of a free charger (L) is made available or can be made available to one of the adjacent or directly connectable chargers (L) or via one of the adjacent or directly connectable chargers (L). System according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the system (1) is designed such that in the group (G) in which a plurality of chargers (L) are occupied, free chargers (L) are each coupled such that that of the occupied chargers (L) the charging power of the free charger (L) is made available, which has the highest priority (7) among the occupied chargers (L) of the group (G) and is either provided immediately adjacent or can be coupled to the free charger (L) or only is separated from the free charger (L) by further free chargers (L). System according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the system (1) is designed so that in the group (G) all free chargers (L) are each coupled with the occupied charger (L), that among those occupied chargers (L) which are immediately adjacent or can be coupled or separated only by free chargers (L) from the occupied chargers (L), which has the highest priority (7). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the groups (G) of chargers (L) which can each be coupled to one another for passing on charging power are provided, with - in particular exactly - one charger (L) from each of the groups (G) correspond to one another and that chargers (L) of different groups (G) can only be coupled to one another on the condition that they correspond to one another in such a way that charging power from at least one of the mutually corresponding chargers (L) to another or via another of the mutually corresponding chargers (L) is provided. System according to Claim 5 , characterized in that among the mutually corresponding chargers (L) each charger (L) has exactly two adjacent or directly connectable chargers (L) and can only be coupled with these exactly two adjacent or directly connectable chargers (L). System according to Claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that the system is designed such that one, several or all of the free chargers (L) located among the mutually corresponding chargers (L) are coupled with that of the occupied chargers (L) of the mutually corresponding chargers (L), the has the highest priority (7).

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