DE202017105404U1 - Determination of the writing direction by means of inertial sensors - Google Patents

Abstract

An electronic pen (100) with stylus position detection, comprising a writing lead, at least one electrical voltage source, at least one digital arithmetic unit, at least one data transfer module, and an inertial position sensor for detecting the location and movement of the electronic pen, the electronic pen (100) being configured for initial definition of a write coordinate system having two mutually orthogonal axes X, Y (107, 108) on a two-dimensional write substrate (106) and an axis Z perpendicular to the two-dimensional write substrate, characterized in that the inertial location sensor is configured to determine accelerations and acceleration profiles of the electronic A stylus along the X-axis (107) and along the Y-axis (108) for a plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis on the writing substrate (1 06), wherein for each axis-direction pair, the axis direction of the X-axis (107) and the axis-direction of the Y-axis (108) are orthogonal to each other, and wherein the digital computing unit is configured to determine a writing direction based on the determination of at least one characteristic property an acceleration profile (312) determined by the inertial position determining sensor.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to an electronic pen specified in the preamble of claim 1. Art.

The ever increasing use of electronic information and communication systems, especially personal computers (PCs), laptops, tablets and smartphones in everyday life, leisure and work makes it useful to develop improvements of human-machine interfaces.

As human-machine interfaces are in addition to input devices such as keyboard, mouse or touch-sensitive surfaces in particular electronic pens of interest. Amongst other things, electronic pens have the advantage that they can combine the functionality and simplicity of writing with a pen on a writing substrate with the many possibilities of electronic data processing. It is desirable that the electronic pen resemble a conventional pen as much as possible in appearance and handling.

In the WO 02/07424 A2 For example, an electronic information system for handwriting detection is described, which has a pen and a tray with pressure- or induction-sensitive surface and in which the movements of the pen or the pen tip optionally from the pressure or induction-sensitive surface of the tablet or acceleration sensors or optical Sensors are detected.

The sensor data may then be wirelessly communicated to a personal computer capable of handwriting detection based on the received pen movement data.

However, a disadvantage of known electronic pens and electronic information systems for recording text is the need for an external position reference, such as a predetermined reference pattern on the writing substrate, which is evaluated via a camera in the electronic pen and used for position determination. If you want to make do without this external reference, so far the motion and position data of the electronic pen, especially with respect to a writing substrate, not always be detected with sufficient accuracy, which may for example lead to an erroneous determination of the pen movement.

task

It is therefore an object of the invention to improve an electronic pen, e.g. in terms of accuracy, so that movements and positions of the electronic pen on a writing substrate can be detected, and in particular e.g. the writing direction of the electronic pen can be detected on a writing substrate even if no external reference is used.

solution

This is inventively achieved by an electronic pen according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

It should first be understood that the term "writing direction" can be understood, for example, as meaning a line containing various consecutive writing patterns, e.g. Characters, letters, words, and where the direction of the writing direction may refer to the chronological order in which the consecutive writing patterns were written with the electronic pen.

An exemplary electronic writing pen according to the invention can comprise a writing lead, at least one electrical voltage source, at least one digital computing unit, at least one data transmission module and an inertial positioning sensor system for detecting the position and movement of the electronic pen.

In this case, the electronic pen can be configured for initial definition of a three-dimensional writing coordinate system having two mutually orthogonal axes X, Y on a two-dimensional writing substrate and an axis Z perpendicular to the two-dimensional writing substrate. In other words, the two orthogonal axes X, Y lie in the two-dimensional writing substrate plane.

The inertial positioning sensor system may be configured for determining accelerations and acceleration profiles, in particular one-dimensional acceleration profiles, of the electronic stylus along the X-axis and along the Y-axis for a plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis. Axis on the writing substrate, wherein for each Achsrichtungspaar the axial direction of the X-axis and the axis of the Y-axis are orthogonal to each other.

The inertial positioning sensor system may also be configured to determine accelerations and acceleration profiles in the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system of the pen body, wherein the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen can define an axis of the pen body coordinate system.

The pen body coordinate system may include but not limited to e.g. be transformed into a writing coordinate system as follows.

For example, by evaluating the acceleration information obtained by the inertial positioning sensor system in the pen body coordinate system, the direction of the gravitational field or the angle of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen relative to the direction of gravity can be determined, such as an angle of inclination between the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen and a writing substrate / a writing substrate level.

In this case, for example, for a first orientation of both coordinate systems to one another, the projection of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen on the writing substrate plane or plane of paper can be regarded as an angle bisector of a writing coordinate system, wherein, for example, the projection of the longitudinal axis is e.g. is obtained from the connection of two points: e.g. from the connection from the point of attachment of the tip / writing tip of the electronic pen, exemplary writing tip, and e.g. the Lotfußpunkt the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen by the completion of the housing of the electronic pen (or any other point along the longitudinal axis, which does not coincide with the writing tip) on the leaf level / Schreibsubstratebene.

The origin of the writing coordinate system may then be e.g. can be determined by a first touchdown point of the writing tip and the axes X, Y of the writing or writing substrate coordinate system can e.g. be generated by rotation about an exemplary angle ± 45 ° from the projected pen longitudinal axis.

However, for example, the azimuth angle of the electronic pen or the azimuth angle of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen with respect to the writing substrate / a writing substrate plane is initially unknown.

The example described transformation of coordinates of an orthogonal pen coordinate system whose one axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the pen, in a possible orthogonal writing coordinate system on the writing substrate plane can therefore be based on a determined by the inertial positioning sensor tilt angle and a certain or assumed azimuth angle.

In other words, for example, the position of the electronic pen or the position of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen relative to the writing substrate plane can only be located on a cone or conical surface whose tip is on the writing substrate and coincides with the writing tip of the electronic pen. The angular position or the azimuth angle of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen on this cone, however, is initially unknown.

In theory, infinitely many pairs of different axial directions of X and Y axes in the two-dimensional writing substrate plane may be possible at an unknown azimuth angle, or be compatible with a possible position of the writing pen.

In other words, e.g. at a certain inclination angle of the pen, each pair of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis of a writing coordinate system in the writing substrate plane, and the writing coordinate system described by said pair, respectively, are described by an azimuth angle.

From this multiplicity of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis, it is therefore necessary to find that pair, or those axial directions or the azimuth angle, in which one axis of a pair, e.g. one X axis corresponds to the actual writing direction.

As mentioned, the inertial positioning sensor system may be configured to determine accelerations and acceleration profiles, particularly one-dimensional acceleration profiles, in orthogonal coordinate systems and accelerations profiles in the pen coordinate system may be transformed to accelerations profiles in a writing coordinate system on the writing substrate plane and vice versa.

Thus, the inertial positioning sensor system may be configured to determine accelerations and acceleration profiles, particularly one-dimensional acceleration profiles, of the electronic pen along one X-axis and along one Y-axis for a plurality of pairs of different X-axis axes and Y-axis on the writing substrate, wherein for each Achsrichtungspaar the Axial direction of the X-axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis are orthogonal to each other.

In this case, for example, the selection of the plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis on the write substrate for the accelerations and acceleration profiles, in particular one-dimensional acceleration profiles of the electronic pen along an X-axis and along a / Y axis can be determined by the inertial positioning sensor, for example, by a plurality of azimuth angles along a circumference of the above-described cone or cone, for example with a pitch of 30 ° or 20 ° or 10 °.

Herein, selection of the plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis on the write substrate for the accelerations and acceleration profiles, particularly one-dimensional acceleration profiles, of the electronic pen along an X-axis and along a Y -Axis can be determined by the inertial positioning sensor system, or the selection of the azimuth angle that can be assigned to the pairs, for example, be performed by the digital computing unit of the electronic pen.

The plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis (n) and Y-axis (n) on the writing substrate may be denoted by {X _o , Y _o } _o , {X _1, Y ₁ } ₁ , {X ₂ , Y ₂ } 2, .... {X _n , Y _n } _n , where n can be a natural number greater than or equal to zero. Unless expressly stated otherwise, one of the axes of the exemplary pairs {X _o , Y _o } _o, {X _1, Y ₁ } ₁ , {X ₂ , Y ₂ } ₂ , ... {X _n , Y _n } _n , where in each pair the respective axes are orthogonal to each other.

In this case, the different axis directions of the X-axis (n) and Y-axis (n) are selected such that all the X-axes and Y-axes of the plurality of pairs lie in the two-dimensional write substrate plane and the axes are orthogonal to each other for a given pair ,

Said accelerations and acceleration profiles of the electronic pen that can be determined by the inertial positioning sensor system can represent writing patterns of a writing operation with the electronic pen, such as, for example, characters, letters or words. In particular, said accelerations and acceleration profiles may comprise sequences of periodic writing patterns.

One aspect of the present invention is based inter alia on the surprising finding that the evaluation of accelerations or acceleration profiles determined by the inertial positioning sensor system results in a more or less pronounced pattern in the time sequence of accelerations and decelerations, depending on how well the selected ones Write coordinate system axes, ie a given pair of each of an X-axis and a Y-axis, or a corresponding azimuthal angle assignable to the pair coincide with the axes of that write coordinate system in which the actual writing direction parallel to an axis, eg the X-axis, or in which the actual writing direction is aligned with an axis, e.g. the X-axis, coincides.

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that for each pair of X-axis and Y-axis, a corresponding Z-axis orthogonal to the two axes can be specified to define an exemplary three-dimensional orthogonal writing coordinate system.

The term of the determination of accelerations may include the determination of magnitude and / or direction and / or sign of the acceleration and the term acceleration profile may include, for example, a one-dimensional acceleration profile for describing the temporal change of magnitude and / or direction and / or sign Acceleration, or to describe the change over time of / by the inertial positioning sensor measured acceleration signal.

In particular, e.g. the determination of said acceleration profile along one of the axes of a given write coordinate system and a given pen coordinate system, respectively.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, an acceleration profile can be understood in particular as a one-dimensional acceleration profile, in particular, for example, a one-dimensional acceleration profile along an axis of a writing coordinate system, i. for example, along an X-axis and / or Y-axis, which may be within the writing substrate plane.

The said exemplary digital arithmetic unit may be configured to determine the writing direction, which may be based on the determination of at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system.

A characteristic property of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial position-determining sensor system may include, but is not limited to, one or a plurality of properties, eg, mathematical and / or physical properties, or one or a plurality of conditions, eg, mathematical and / or physical conditions become.

In other words, said exemplary digital computing unit may be configured to determine at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system, wherein the at least one characteristic may depend, for example, on the selection of the plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the x-axis and Y-axis on the writing substrate, which can each define a possible writing coordinate system, or may depend on the selection of the azimuth angle assignable to the pairs or the writing coordinate systems.

In this case, for a possible refinement of the determination of the writing direction, for example between two best solutions, or between two specific writing coordinate systems, as well as, for further refinement, the determination of the writing direction for at least two further data points rotated relative to the interpolated writing coordinate system, e.g. + 10 ° and -10 ° rotated, write coordinate system can be determined.

An inventive electronic pen offers, inter alia, the advantage that the writing direction when writing a user with the electronic pen on a writing substrate alone from the data or measurements of the accelerations of the electronic pen can be derived by the inertial positioning sensors.

Thus, for example, it is possible to dispense with the use of external references, such as assumptions about the handedness and / or the writing language of the user, and / or assumptions on the orientation of the writing substrate.

In addition, an electronic pen according to the invention is based on the exploitation of the surprising finding that acceleration profiles of an electronic pen along the writing direction have characteristic properties which can serve as a basis for determining the writing direction.

An electronic pen according to the invention may e.g. allow to determine the writing direction with an accuracy of less than 10 °, without having to resort to external references.

Incidentally, an electronic pen can be understood here as a rigid body, i. it can have three degrees of translational freedom and three rotational degrees of freedom, in total therefore six degrees of freedom of movement. In general, therefore, for example, two three-dimensional position sensors may be sufficient to describe the position and / or movement of the electronic pen in a three-dimensional coordinate system, apart from any necessary initializations of the selected coordinate system and integration errors.

The term inertial position-determining sensor system for detecting the position and movement of the electronic pen, unless expressly stated otherwise, may include position-determining sensors or position-determining sensors which have accelerations and / or spatial directions in one spatial direction or in two or three mutually orthogonal spatial directions. or measure the strength of the local magnetic field and / or rate of rotation.

However, it is e.g. In particular, it is also conceivable that the electronic writing pen for writing direction determination only a three-dimensional, i. triaxial, acceleration sensor has. Since the write direction determination described here e.g. may be based essentially on the evaluation of translational movements, said exemplary acceleration sensor can also be arranged spaced from the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen.

The determination of said at least one characteristic property of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial position-determining sensor system may, for example, determine at least two time intervals between at least two pairs of consecutive oppositely directed acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axis direction of the x-axis and a given axis direction of the y-axis of the plurality of pairs of axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis.

The term of a time offset may inter alia be understood to mean a period of time, a period of time, a time interval or a time delay.

The term acceleration change may include, for example, a Include time at which the acceleration changes in magnitude and / or direction, as well as include a period over which the acceleration changes in magnitude and / or direction.

Two successive opposing acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axial direction of an X-axis and / or Y-axis can be understood, for example, to mean two consecutive opposite acceleration increases and / or acceleration maxima.

The term of the direction or opposite direction of the acceleration or acceleration change may include the sign of the acceleration, e.g. a positive or negative acceleration, e.g. a slowdown, to be understood.

Said two consecutive, opposite acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axial direction of an X-axis and / or Y-axis may form a pair, which may be referred to as an acceleration pair, for example.

Said inertial position-determining sensor can thereby determine a plurality, for example at least two such pairs of acceleration, for a given axial direction of an X-axis and / or Y-axis.

A digital arithmetic unit of the electronic pen may be configured to determine the pair of the axis direction of the X-axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis in which the particular acceleration profile along the axis direction of an axis, e.g. the X-axis satisfying at least one characteristic that the determined time offsets are extremal, e.g. minimum and / or maximum, and are different from each other.

For example, two acceleration pairs of an acceleration profile along the axial direction of an axis, e.g. X axis and / or Y axis, for this axis two time offsets or periods between two consecutive opposite acceleration changes are determined.

This determination may be made for a plurality of pairs of X-axis and Y-axis axis directions, and the electronic pen, or inertial position sensor, and the digital arithmetic unit may be configured such that the pair of X-axis axis directions and Y-axis, eg {X _best , Y _best }, where for one axis, eg the X _best axis and / or the Y _best axis, the determined time offsets between two consecutive opposite acceleration changes for at least two pairs of acceleration changes along an axis, eg the X _best axis and / or the Y _best axis, are extremal, eg minimum and / or maximum, and different from each other.

The electronic pen or digital computing unit may be configured to determine a time offset between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the x-axis and a given axis direction y-axis, based on the first derivative of the determined accelerations and acceleration profiles, eg the determined one-dimensional acceleration profile for a given axis direction of the X-axis and a given axis direction Y-axis.

This can, for example, offer the advantage that any zero-point errors of the inertial positioning sensor system can be eliminated and, for example, a better distinction can be made between a specific writing direction and a drift caused by errors in the inertial positioning sensor signals with regard to the position and movement of the electronic system determined from the measuring signals writing pen.

For example, the electronic pen or digital computing unit may be configured to determine a time offset between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the x-axis and a given axis direction y-axis from the time interval, in which the first derivative of the determined accelerations and the magnitude of the determined accelerations are equal or close to zero.

This allows unambiguous determination of the magnitude of the time offset between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the X axis and a given axis direction of the Y axis.

Alternatively and / or additionally, it would be conceivable to determine a time offset or a time interval between a pair of consecutive oppositely directed acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the X-axis and a given axis direction Y-axis from the time interval in which the first derivative the specified accelerations equal or close to zero and the amount of certain accelerations is maximal or minimal. Thus, for example, the time interval or the time offset or the time interval between two extremes, maxima / maximum and / or minimum / minimum, of an acceleration profile can be determined. In the event that an acceleration profile instead of well-defined maxima or minima has maximum plateaus or minimum plateaus, it would also be conceivable, for example, to determine the time interval between the centers of adjacent maximum plateaus and minimum plateaus.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable to use the maxima of the acceleration changes to determine those times which limit the time offset or the time interval between a pair of consecutive oppositely directed acceleration changes.

Alternatively or additionally, in addition, e.g. conceivable, the writing direction based on the determination of the amplitudes of at least two consecutive opposite acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axis direction of the X-axis and a given axis direction Y-axis of one of the plurality of pairs of axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis to carry out.

Thus, for example, an electronic writing pen is conceivable, which may alternatively or additionally be configured, or whose digital arithmetic unit may alternatively or additionally be configured to determine a writing direction, based on a determination of at least one characteristic property of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial position-determining sensor wherein the determination of said characteristic property of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system, the determination of the amplitudes of at least two consecutive opposite acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axial direction of the X-axis and a given axis direction of the Y-axis out of the plurality of pairs of axial directions of the X axis and Y axis may include.

In this case, the electronic pen or the digital arithmetic unit can be configured to determine that pair of the axial direction of the X-axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis, in which the determined acceleration profile along the axial direction of an axis, e.g. the X-axis satisfying at least one characteristic that the difference in the amplitudes of the at least two consecutive opposite acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles / the acceleration profile is extremal and different from zero.

In this way, the surprising technical insight and knowledge can be used that movements of the electronic pen in the writing direction can cause more intense accelerations compared to correspondingly lower accelerations against the writing direction.

In other words, according to the invention, the writing direction may be due to an asymmetry in the acceleration profile along the axis direction of an axis, e.g. X axis, for example, due to asymmetry in phase and / or amplitude of the acceleration profile.

The determination of the above-described time periods together with the determination of the difference of amplitudes of at least two consecutive reverse acceleration changes can significantly increase the accuracy of the write direction determination and improve the robustness of the write direction determination.

Alternatively or additionally, in addition, e.g. conceivable, the writing direction based on a comparison of one / of the determined by the inertial positioning sensor acceleration profile with a predetermined acceleration profile.

Thus, for example, an electronic writing pen is conceivable, which may alternatively or additionally be configured, or whose digital arithmetic unit may alternatively or additionally be configured to determine a writing direction, based on a determination of at least one characteristic property of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial position-determining sensor where eg the digital arithmetic unit may be configured to perform a comparison of the acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system with a predetermined acceleration profile to determine that pair of the axial direction of the x-axis and the y-axis direction in which the determined acceleration profile along the axial direction of a Axis, eg the X-axis, which fulfills at least one characteristic property, that the specific acceleration profile corresponds to the predetermined acceleration profile.

Under correspond can be understood inter alia, a correspondence within a given tolerance.

For example, if the writer creates a certain predetermined or known acceleration profile based on a certain known writing pattern, for example a chain of Us, the writing direction or writing substrate orientation can be read from the direction of acceleration after each breakpoint at the tips of the Us. At the breakpoints there is a momentary rest of the writing tip of the electronic pen, which can be detected, for example, by the noise of the acceleration sensor or the inertial position determination sensor.

More specifically, e.g. the power density spectrum of the noise of the acceleration sensor or the inertial position-determining sensor can be determined and thereby e.g. a limit can be set below which it can be assumed that the tip is at a standstill.

By e.g. evaluating the first derivative of the acceleration, the reversal point is to be found at a maximum of the derivative of the acceleration in one axis and a simultaneous minimum in the axis orthogonal thereto. This orthogonal axis is the writing direction in a chain of Us. The use of the derivative of the acceleration has the advantage that it can be used to eliminate zero error of the sensor.

The determination of the time intervals described above together with the determination of the above-described difference of amplitudes from at least two consecutive opposing acceleration changes, together with a comparison of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system with a predetermined acceleration profile, can improve the accuracy and robustness of the acceleration profile Continue to improve your writing direction.

Said exemplary predetermined acceleration profile may e.g. be defined by a given translational writing pattern, e.g. by a given word and / or a given translational periodic pattern, e.g. a garland.

Further improvement of the accuracy and robustness of the writing direction determination can be achieved, among others, as follows.

As noted, the electronic pen may be configured to initially define a write coordinate system having two orthogonal axes X, Y on a two-dimensional write substrate and an axis Z perpendicular to the two-dimensional write substrate.

• • die räumliche Lage der Längsachse des elektronischen Schreibstiftes ist nicht parallel zur Schwerkraftrichtung,
• • die Oberfläche des Schreibsubstrats ist orthogonal zur Schwerkraftrichtung orientiert,
• • der Anwender des elektronischen Schreibstiftes ist rechts- und/oder linkshändig,
• • die Schreibrichtung ist parallel zu einem Rand des Schreibsubstrats, und die Schreibrichtung aus der Perspektive des Anwenders erfolgt von links nach rechts oder von rechts nach links oder von oben nach unten.

In doing so, said initial definition of a writing coordinate system having two orthogonal axes X, Y on a two-dimensional writing substrate and an axis Z may be considered for at least one, some or all of the following example assumptions:

• The spatial position of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen is not parallel to the direction of gravity,
• The surface of the writing substrate is oriented orthogonal to the direction of gravity,
• • the user of the electronic pen is right- and / or left-handed,
• The writing direction is parallel to an edge of the writing substrate and the writing direction from the user's perspective is from left to right or from right to left or from top to bottom.

Said exemplary assumptions may, inter alia, serve to determine the writing substrate position or write substrate orientation and ultimately the writing direction.

The exemplary assumption that the position of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen is not parallel to the direction of gravity, so the pen is held at an angle, should apply for the majority of cases, since it is usually difficult for the user to keep the electronic pen exactly vertical when writing ,

In an oblique attitude, for example, a projection of the pen longitudinal axis on a plane, e.g. form the writing substrate plane, which is perpendicular to the line of gravity acceleration. Among other things, this projection, along with other example assumptions, may serve to determine an approximate leaf position or writing substrate position.

For the exemplary assumption that the surface of the writing substrate is oriented orthogonal to the direction of gravity, ie the writing substrate is horizontal, exceptions are more easily possible. For example, this assumption may be invalid when placed on a clipboard, e.g. to hold the writing substrate, or written in a moving vehicle. For the context of a graphometry measurement, however, a horizontal position of the writing pad or of the writing substrate can be assumed.

The acceptance of the handedness of the user can be interrogated, for example, and / or optionally corrected after the acquisition of data from the inertial positioning sensor system.

Again, the assumption of the parallelism of the writing direction to an edge of the writing substrate should apply to most cases and may, for example, be coupled to a language setting of the software of the electronic pen.

While e.g. in western languages, the writing direction is from left to right, e.g. in Arabic and Hebrew, assume a direction of writing from right to left. For Asian fonts, e.g. It is also possible to write from the top to the bottom, but can e.g. be reversed to the usual from left to right by appropriate control of the writer by an appropriate software for graphomotor measurement.

If one, some, or all of the exemplary assumptions are true, inter alia, even before the beginning of writing with the electronic pen, a good approximation of the sheet position of the writing substrate can be achieved, e.g. the projection of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen on the paper plane or writing substrate plane as an angle bisecting a sheet coordinate system or writing coordinate system in the writing substrate plane.

In this case, e.g. pointing the X-axis in the writing direction and the Y-axis from the user downwards. The projection of the longitudinal axis can thereby be e.g. obtained from the combination of two points: The touchdown point of the pen tip and the Lotfußpunkt a solder of the pen axis by the completion of the pen housing (or any other point along the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen that does not coincide with the writing tip) on the sheet level or writing substrate plane. The origin of the writing coordinate system may then be e.g. The first touchdown point of the pen tip and the axes of the sheet coordinate system in the write substrate plane may then be generated from the projected pin axis, for example by rotation through an angle of ± 45 °. Said angle between the projection of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen in the writing substrate plane and the sheet coordinate system or writing coordinate system is an estimate and may be improved with better reference data, e.g. can be collected by the inertial positioning sensors, further refined.

For example, when setting up the electronic pen software driver or when initializing the electronic pen, you may ask the user to perform a left to right movement and another from top to bottom. Among other things, this makes it possible, for example, to more easily determine the angle of inclination angle with which the stylus is usually held, and thus to improve the determination of the projection of the longitudinal axis onto the writing substrate plane. If e.g. stored this angle, a single measurement may be sufficient. In addition, later recalibration can be triggered in the same way by the user if he is no longer satisfied with the behavior of the electronic pen.

• • z.B. eine initiale Festlegung eines Schreibkoordinatensystems mit zwei orthogonal zueinander stehenden Achsen X, Y auf einem zweidimensionalen Schreibsubstrat und einer Achse Z senkrecht zum zweidimensionalen Schreibsubstrat,
• • z.B. eine Bestimmung von Beschleunigungen und Beschleunigungsprofilen des elektronischen Schreibstiftes entlang der X-Achse und entlang der Y-Achse für eine Vielzahl von Paaren von verschiedenen Achsrichtungen der X-Achse und Y-Achse auf dem Schreibsubstrat, wobei für jedes Achsrichtungspaar die Achsrichtung der X-Achse und die Achsrichtung der Y-Achse orthogonal zueinander sind, und
• • eine Bestimmung der Schreibrichtung, basierend auf der Bestimmung wenigstens einer charakteristischen Eigenschaft eines bestimmten Beschleunigungsprofiles.

An exemplary method for determining the writing direction of an electronic pen when writing on a two-dimensional writing substrate, wherein the electronic pen, for example, a writing mine, at least one electrical voltage source, at least one digital processing unit, at least one data transmission module and an inertial positioning sensor system for detecting the position and movement of the electronic Can include one, some, or all of the following:

• Eg an initial definition of a writing coordinate system with two orthogonal axes X, Y on a two-dimensional writing substrate and an axis Z perpendicular to the two-dimensional writing substrate,
• For example, determination of accelerations and acceleration profiles of the electronic pen along the X-axis and along the Y-axis for a plurality of pairs of different X-axis and Y-axis axis directions on the write substrate, wherein for each axis-direction pair the axial direction of the X -Axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis are orthogonal to each other, and
• A determination of the writing direction based on the determination of at least one characteristic of a particular acceleration profile.

As mentioned above, such a method may, inter alia, offer the advantage that the writing direction when writing a user with the electronic pen on a writing substrate can be derived solely from the data or measurements of the accelerations of the electronic pen by the inertial positioning sensor system.

Thus, for example, it is possible to dispense with the use of external references, such as assumptions about the handedness and / or the writing language of the user, and / or assumptions on the orientation of the writing substrate.

Moreover, such a method is based on the exploitation of the surprising finding that acceleration profiles of an electronic pen along the writing direction have characteristic properties which can serve as a basis for determining the writing direction.

In this case, e.g. determining at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor, determining at least two time offsets between at least two pairs of consecutive opposing acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axial direction of the x-axis and a given y-axis direction of the A variety of pairs of axis directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis include.

Moreover, the determination of the writing direction based on the determination of the characteristic property of a certain acceleration profile may include the determination of that pair of the axis direction of the X-axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis, in which the determined acceleration profile along the axis direction of an axis, e.g. the X-axis, which can satisfy the characteristic that the determined time offsets are extremal, e.g. minimum and / or maximum, and are different from each other.

Here, a time offset between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the X-axis and a given axis direction of the Y-axis may be determined based on the first derivative of the determined accelerations and acceleration profiles.

In particular, e.g. a time offset between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the x-axis and a given axis direction of the y-axis are determined from the time interval in which the first derivative of the determined accelerations and the Amount of certain accelerations are equal to or nearly equal to zero.

Alternatively or additionally, the determination of the writing direction can be based on the performance of a comparison of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system with a predetermined acceleration profile, for determining that pair of the axial direction of the X-axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis, along which the determined acceleration profile the axial direction of an axis, eg the X-axis, which fulfills at least one characteristic property, that the specific acceleration profile corresponds to the predetermined acceleration profile.

For example, the predetermined acceleration profile may be defined by a given translational writing pattern, e.g. by a given word and / or by a given translational periodic pattern, e.g. a garland. In other words, a translatory writing pattern is not rotationally symmetric. In contrast, stationary writing patterns can be rotationally symmetric.

In general, the acceleration profiles determined according to the invention by the inertial positioning sensor electronics of the electronic pen can represent writing patterns that are based on write operations performed by the user with the electronic pen.

The term periodic writing pattern can be understood to mean repetitive writing patterns.

Periodic writing patterns can offer the advantage that an improved determination of the writing direction can result from the periodic acceleration profiles measurable therefrom, since e.g. the writing directions determined from a plurality of periodic acceleration profiles can be averaged better and more accurately.

The longer a writing process lasts or the more periodic writing patterns are written, the easier and more accurate a (dominant) writing direction can be determined. For example, it would be conceivable that the user may be asked to first generate a garland over the entire width of the writing substrate.

• 1a: Beispielhafte erste Ansicht (Obenauf-Ansicht) eines Schreibkoordinatensystems
• 1b: Beispielhafte zweite Ansicht (Seiten-Ansicht) eines Schreibkoordinatensystems
• 2a: Beispielhafte stationäre periodische Schreibbewegung
• 2b: Beispielhafte Eigenschaften einer stationären periodischen Schreibbewegung
• 3a: Beispielhafte translatorische periodische Schreibbewegung
• 3b: Beispielhafte Eigenschaften einer translatorischen periodischen Schreibbewegung
• 4: Beispielhafte Eigenschaften einer Schreibewegung mit Phasenverschiebung und Amplitudendifferenz

The following figures are an example:

• 1a : Example First View (Top View) of a Write Coordinate System
• 1b : Example Second View (Page View) of a Write Coordinate System
• 2a : Exemplary stationary periodic writing movement
• 2 B : Exemplary properties of a stationary periodic writing movement
• 3a : Exemplary translatory periodic writing movement
• 3b : Exemplary properties of a translatory periodic writing movement
• 4 : Exemplary properties of a write movement with phase shift and amplitude difference

The pictures 1a and 1b exemplify various perspective views, a possible location of the exemplary electronic pen 100 with respect to an exemplary writing substrate 106 , eg a sheet of paper.

In addition, the figures depict an exemplary initially defined or, for example, a writing coordinate system determined by an inertial position-determining sensor system of the pen with two axes orthogonal to one another X . Y (with reference numerals 107 . 108 ) on the two-dimensional writing substrate 106 represents.

The axes X ( 107 ) Y ( 108 ) represent an exemplary pair { X . Y } ( 109 ) of X-axis and Y-axis whose axes are orthogonal to each other. Said axes 107 . 108 , For example, the writing coordinate system in four quadrants on the writing substrate 106 split, namely in a first quadrant 101 , a second quadrant 102 , a third quadrant 103 and a fourth quadrant 104 ,

The use of quadrants may simplify the processing and description of user's assumptions, as well as, for example, (initial) definition of the writing coordinate system.

In the exemplary illustration in FIG 1a and 1b is the exemplary longitudinal axis 105 of the electronic pen 100 not aligned parallel to the direction of gravity (not shown). Further, for example, the surface of the writing substrate 106 oriented orthogonally to the direction of gravity. In other words, the electronic pen 100 an exemplary angle of inclination 112 between the longitudinal axis 105 of the electronic pen 100 and the writing substrate / the writing substrate plane 106 exhibit.

For the sake of clarity, is also in 1b an example of the already mentioned cone or conical shell 118 shown the potential places of the pen 100 for an exemplary given angle of inclination 112 with the tip of the cone / cone sheath on the writing substrate 106 stand and with the writing tip 114 of the electronic pen 100 can coincide.

The writing direction 117 illustrated by the exemplary writing pattern 116 , is exemplary parallel to an edge of the writing substrate and the writing direction 117 from the user's perspective, for example, from left to right.

Thus, for example, the projection 111 the longitudinal axis 105 of the electronic pen 100 on the writing substrate plane 106 or paper level can be understood as an angle bisector of a writing coordinate system.

Here, for example, shows the X-axis 107 in the writing direction 117 and the Y-axis 108 from the user down. The projection 111 The longitudinal axis can be obtained, for example, from the connection of two points: for example, from the connection from the touchdown point 115 the top / nib 114 the electronic pen, exemplary pen tip, and eg the lotus point 113 the longitudinal axis 105 of the electronic pen 100 by completing the case of the electronic pen 100 (or any other point along the longitudinal axis 105 which does not coincide with the writing tip) on the sheet plane / writing substrate plane 106 ,

The origin of the writing coordinate system can then be, for example, the first touchdown point 115 the writing tip 114 his and the axes X . Y of the write or write substrate coordinate system can, for example, by rotation about an exemplary angle ± 45 ° from the projected pen longitudinal axis 111 be generated.

Said exemplary angle between projection 111 the pen longitudinal axis 105 and the writing coordinate system represents an estimate, which can be refined with better reference data.

For example, when setting up / initiating the electronic pen, the user may be asked to perform a movement from left to right and another from top to bottom. This makes it easier to determine the angle at which the pen is usually held. If this angle is stored, a single measurement may be sufficient. In addition, later recalibration can be triggered in the same way by the user if he should not be satisfied with the behavior of the pen.

For example, as shown, in a right-handed person from a largely standardized position of the electronic pen (as seen by the user) in the lower right quadrant, ie in the fourth quadrant 104 left-handed positions are possible in all other quadrants. In order to Deciding which pen position is actually taken, it is helpful both the location of the projection 111 evaluate the pen longitudinal axis as well as the properties of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor system for detecting the position and movement of the electronic pen.

For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that a possible third spatial axis of the writing coordinate system, for example a Z-axis, which is for example perpendicular to the two-dimensional writing substrate 106 or orthogonal to the axes X . Y is not shown for reasons of clarity.

The 2a schematically shows an exemplary write operation with an exemplary stationary periodic (loop-shaped or ℓ-shaped) write pattern or write 200 or a writing pattern element (solid loop-shaped or l-shaped line), the starting point 201 as well as the endpoint 202 the write operation or the write pattern or the write pattern element is exemplified.

The writing pattern 200 is exemplary oriented so that the starting point 201 as well as the endpoint 202 of the write operation or the write pattern element, respectively, have the same coordinates with respect to the exemplified Y axis 203 Has. Moreover, in the exemplary stationary periodic write pattern, the exemplary direction of the write motion is the reference numeral 204 characterized.

The 2 B exemplifies and idealizes, among other things, the course of the way or place 210 , Speed 211 and acceleration 212 of the electronic pen as a function of time 209 for the exemplary stationary periodic write pattern 200 In other words, for example, the acceleration profile 212 be understood as acceleration profile for acceleration normal or orthogonal to the writing direction when writing loops.

The reference number 205 denotes an example of a Y-axis component / the Y-axis component of an exemplary position or location signal or Ortssignalprofiles the exemplary writing process 200 out 2a an electronic pen.

The reference number 206 indicates for example the speed of the writing process 200 and the reference numeral 207 the acceleration of the writing process (determined by the inertial positioning sensor electronics of the electronic pen) 200 ,

In addition, an idealized muscle activation potential is exemplified that is intended to describe the driving (agonist) and inhibitory (antagonist) role of muscle pairs involved in writing the writing pattern 200 can be activated. The reference number 213 exemplifies the enveloping curve of an exemplary force demand profile based on the writing process 200 ,

The reference numerals 223 . 224 . 225 . 226 represent exemplary force changes for agonist 223 . 225 and antagonist 224 . 226 represents.

For example, if the electronic pen describes a series of loops (as in the case of the script ℓ) from left to right, the pen tip performs a regular back-and-forth motion, the simplest element of which is the exemplary writing pattern 200 can be.

As it is writing the writing pattern 200 can be a repetitive motion, the timeline 209 also be understood as the angle of a polar coordinate system.

Thus, the 2 B (as well as 3 and 4 ) are understood as a description of the time sequence within a phase of a cyclic or periodic movement.

In this case, the agonistic muscle movement can initially provide for an acceleration of the pin in the selected direction, as a result of which a speed can build up and the pen point can begin to move in this direction.

Without inhibitory force, this movement may continue until an antagonistic muscle movement can exert a force against the initial acceleration on the pin.

In the example 213 shown, the strength and duration of the action of force for the agonist and antagonist are the same, as a result of which the speed can be completely reduced and the pen point can briefly come to rest. Thereafter, the roles of the muscles can reverse and there can be a seamless countermovement, which can again assume an identical strength and duration of force.

This will allow the pen tip to return to its end at the end of this cycle / period Return to the starting point and reduce the speed completely again.

The exemplary illustrated course can be found in particular when writing loops aligned parallel / in the Y-axis.

In this exemplary case of the writing pattern 200 are the profiles for way or place 210 , Speed 211 and acceleration 212 of the electronic pen as a function of time 209 symmetric with respect to half the period of the write operation 200 ,

From the point of view of the acceleration profile 212 have the time offsets or periods 215 . 216 the same size or the same length. Here are the time offsets or periods 215 . 216 exemplified by the time interval between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes.

For example, the time offset / time span 215 determined by the time interval between the acceleration change 214 in positive axis direction and acceleration change 216 in the negative axis direction, and the time offset / time span 218 determined by the time interval between the acceleration change 217 in negative axis direction and the acceleration change 219 in positive axis direction. The acceleration changes 214 and 216 , such as 217 and 219 Thus, each can be understood as a pair of consecutive opposing acceleration changes.

In addition, it should be mentioned that the acceleration extrema or acceleration maxima or acceleration maxima plateau, respectively 220 . 221 . 222 exemplarily have the same amplitude.

The time offsets or time intervals or time intervals 215 . 218 can be determined, inter alia, that there are the first derivative of the specific accelerations and the amount of certain accelerations equal or close to zero.

Does one look in contrast to the course of the profiles 210 . 211 . 212 . 213 in the Y direction the profile of the profiles for place 310 , Speed 311 and acceleration 312 of the electronic pen as a function of time 309 in the X direction, the time course of the muscle movements is changed.

For a better understanding of this is in the 3a exemplarily the periodic translatory (loop-shaped or ℓ-shaped) writing pattern or the writing process 300 or a writing pattern element (solid loop-shaped or ℓ-shaped line), wherein the starting point 301 as well as the endpoint 302 the write operation or the write pattern or the write pattern element is exemplified.

The writing pattern 300 is exemplary oriented so that the writing direction is parallel to the X-axis 303 is aligned. Here are, for example, the starting point 301 as well as the endpoint 302 of the writing process or the writing pattern or of the writing pattern element at the same height (or the same Y-axis coordinate), however, the coordinates differ from the starting point 301 and endpoint 302 with respect to the exemplary illustrated X-axis 303 ,

The writing patterns 300 and 200 Thus, for example, they differ only in the start and end points of the write operations, but may have or represent the same write movements.

Moreover, in the exemplary translational periodic write pattern, the exemplary direction of the write motion is the reference character 304 characterized.

The 3b exemplifies the course of the profiles for place 310 , Speed 311 and acceleration 312 of the electronic pen as a function of time 309 in the X direction for the exemplary translational periodic write pattern 300 represents.

In contrast to 2 B can the acceleration profile 312 be considered as an acceleration profile for accelerations in the writing direction when writing loops.

The reference number 305 in this case, by way of example, denotes an X-axis component / the X-axis component of an exemplary position or location signal or location signal profile of the exemplary write operation 300 out 3a an electronic pen.

The reference number 306 indicates for example the speed of the writing process 300 and the reference numeral 307 the acceleration of the writing process (determined by the inertial positioning sensor electronics of the electronic pen) 300 ,

In addition, an idealized muscle activation potential is exemplified that is intended to describe the driving (agonist) and inhibitory (antagonist) role of muscle pairs involved in writing the writing pattern 300 can be activated. The reference number 313 features exemplarily the enveloping curve of an exemplary force demand profile based on the writing process 300 ,

The reference numerals 323 . 324 . 325 . 326 represent exemplary force changes for agonist 323 . 325 and antagonist 324 . 326 represents.

In contrast to the exemplary case 2 B Now the temporal distribution of muscle movements is changed: the first antagonist 324 For example, it has a delayed effect and the second antagonist 326 acts earlier relative to the respective agonist 323 . 325 ,

Now, while the force and duration of the muscles are still the same, the temporal shift may cause the speed in the outward direction to be longer than in the backward direction, resulting in a permanent shift in the Y-direction of the pen tip after passing the full cycle / full period.

This exemplary phase shift of antagonist agonist force is to be found, and is e.g. their value averaged over a certain period of time in a certain direction, the writing direction is found.

In particular, the determination of the writing direction can be based on the determination of at least one characteristic property of the acceleration profile 312 which reflects the exemplary phase shift of antagonist-agonist force action.

For example, if the amount of derivative of the acceleration exceeds a threshold, it can identify the onset of force and avoid the effects of zero error.

A simple evaluation of the speed is not sufficient to determine the writing direction, because in the course of speed this is indistinguishable from simple drift or positioning sensor signal drifting (for example caused by external or internal disturbances).

As described above, therefore, for a plurality of rectangular coordinate systems, or for a plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis on the writing substrate in a previously fixed paper plane or writing substrate plane (eg, by defining that the Z Direction is in the direction of gravity and the XY plane, that is, the writing substrate plane, arranged perpendicular thereto), the time offset / the time interval between two consecutive, opposing acceleration increases or acceleration maxima are determined.

If e.g. the first acceleration takes place in the positive axis direction, this time offset must be maximum so that the positive axis direction becomes equal to the writing direction. For example, In contrast, the first acceleration in the negative axis direction, the time interval to the next, opposite acceleration increase or the maximum acceleration must be minimal.

In order to be able to ensure, for example, sufficient security of this solution, this determination can be carried out several times and the average of the individual axis directions recognized as the writing direction can be selected.

For axis directions normal, i. Orthogonal, the writing direction, the times between the acceleration pairs, no matter which direction, on average should not differ.

So if, for example, If a vectorial addition of multiple time offsets results in a value other than zero which reaches a maximum for one axial direction, this can serve as an indication of the identification of the writing direction.

As mentioned, the derivation of the acceleration can be used to determine the time offsets in the acceleration profile.

To determine the times that can be used for the time measurement of the time offset several possibilities are conceivable.

One possibility, for example, is to use the maximum of an acceleration change for the choice of the time / points in time.

As the change in writing speed becomes maximum at the time of the onset and termination of acceleration, alternatively, the zeros of the first derivative of the acceleration may be used to determine the respective end and start times for a time offset and the time period between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes, respectively.

In the acceleration profile shown by way of example 312 denotes the reference numeral 314 an exemplary acceleration change in the positive axis direction to, after a first time offset 315 , an opposite change in acceleration 316 follows in negative axis direction. Make the acceleration changes 314, 316 that is, an exemplary (first) pair of consecutive opposite acceleration changes.

Another (second) pair of consecutive opposite acceleration changes is eg due to the acceleration change 317 in negative axis direction and the acceleration change 319 given in the positive axis direction, wherein the time offset between this exemplary second pair by the reference character 318 is marked. The two time offenses 315 . 318 are not symmetrical or of different size or duration. In the present exemplary case, the first time offset is 315 maximum and the second time offset 318 minimal, ie the amount of the difference of time offsets 315 . 317 maximum, since the exemplary writing direction of the writing pattern 300 parallel to the X-axis.

As mentioned above, to determine the time offsets 315 . 318 the derivative of the acceleration profile 312 be used. For example, the time offenses 315 . 318 determine from the time interval in which the first derivative of the determined accelerations and the magnitude of the determined accelerations are equal to or nearly equal to zero.

For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that the acceleration extrema or acceleration maxima or acceleration maxima plateau respectively 320 . 321 . 322 exemplarily have the same amplitude.

It should also be mentioned that the acceleration changes 314 . 316 . 317 . 319 to determine the time offenses 315 . 318 can be described, for example, characterized in that the derivative of the acceleration is not equal to zero, and at a time of acceleration change, the amount of acceleration is zero. This also applies analogously to the acceleration changes 214 . 216 . 217 . 219 out 2 B ,

For the sake of completeness, it should also be mentioned that since the writing of loops is a periodic process, the time axes in both figures are plotted as a phase angle over an entire period from 0 to 2 _Π . In the and is a possible trace of writing to be seen by the acceleration profiles in the and can be generated. The extended part of the curves stands for a whole period, while the dashed part indicates the course before and after this period. It should be noted that the plot in Y ( 2a) by π / 2 with respect to the X direction ( 3 ) so that the similarity of the acceleration curves can be better emphasized. It can easily be seen that there is a phase shift in the direction of writing during the deceleration of the initial movement and at the beginning of the countermovement, which does not occur in the direction normal to the writing direction. While the solid line in ending in the same y-coordinate as it starts, there is in the x-direction in an offset after passing a period.

The 4 exemplifies the course of place 405 , Speed 406 and acceleration 407 of the electronic pen as a function of time 404 in the X direction for an exemplary more general writing pattern (not shown) in which the amplitudes of the acceleration extrema are different in the writing direction.

The reference number 400 Here, by way of example, an X-axis component / the X-axis component of an exemplary position or location signal or location signal profile of an exemplary (not shown) writing process of an electronic pen is indicated.

The reference number 401 indicates, for example, the speed of the writing operation and the reference numeral 402 the acceleration (not shown) of the write operation (determined by the inertial positioning sensor electronics of the electronic pen).

In addition, an idealized muscle activation potential is exemplified which is intended to describe the driving (agonist) and inhibitory (antagonist) role of muscle pairs that can be activated when writing the writing pattern. The reference number 418 exemplifies the enveloping curve of an exemplary force demand profile based on the writing process.

In the preceding examples it was assumed by way of example that the acceleration amplitudes are the same in both axial directions. Alternatively, in a translatory writing pattern but also a more intense acceleration in the writing direction and a correspondingly lower acceleration in the opposite direction can be generated.

While normal, orthogonal to the writing direction, both the driving and the inhibiting, acceleration may have the same amplitude, along the writing direction, a higher amplitude for movements in the writing direction and a lower for movements against the writing direction is required if a translation without phase shift are achieved should. The 4 shows this by way of example.

The difference of the amplitudes of at least two consecutive opposing ones Acceleration changes can thus serve alternatively or additionally to the determination of the writing direction.

In particular, for example, the determination of the writing direction can be based on a specific acceleration profile along the axial direction of an axis, e.g. the X-axis satisfying at least one characteristic that the difference in the amplitudes of the at least two consecutive reverse acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles is extremal and distinct from zero.

In reality, a combination of both effects (asymmetry of the temporal effect of the muscle movements and asymmetry of the amplitudes) will usually be encountered, so that both a phase shift and an amplitude difference may be measurable and serve to determine the writing direction.

However, for an accurate determination of the amplitude, a higher quality of the sensor data of the inertial positioning sensor system may be required because e.g. Noise and a limited temporal resolution of an exact determination of the amplitude can stand in the way. To improve the accuracy of the amplitude measurement, it would be, inter alia, e.g. conceivable to increase the number of amplitude measurement and to use different statistical evaluation methods.

In all exemplary illustrated courses for place 405 , Speed 406 and acceleration 407 of the electronic pen as a function of time 404 in the X direction for an exemplary writing pattern (not shown) the different amplitudes can be seen.

In the acceleration profile 407 takes place, for example, after an acceleration maximum (in the positive axial direction) with a first amplitude 414 a first acceleration change in the positive axis direction 408 which after a first time offset into a second acceleration change 410 passes which a second acceleration maximum (in the negative axis direction) with a second amplitude 415 reached. This is followed by a further (third) acceleration change in the negative axis direction or an acceleration change section 427 whose derivative is not zero and where at any point in the section the acceleration is non-zero. The acceleration profile reaches a further (third) acceleration maximum (in negative axis direction) with a third amplitude 416 ,

This is followed by another (fourth) acceleration change 411 in negative axis direction after a (second) time offset 412 in which the derivative of the acceleration and the amount of acceleration is zero, in another (fifth) acceleration change 413 in the positive axis direction and another (fourth) acceleration maximum 417 (in positive axis direction) reached.

The different sizes and the course of the amplitudes 414 . 415 . 416 . 417 the acceleration profile can also be found in the amplitudes 423 . 424 . 425 . 426 and force changes or muscle activation potential change 419 . 420 . 428 . 421 . 422 , the driving muscle of the muscular effort profile 418 again.

100

Beispielhafter elektronischer Schreibstift

101

Beispielhafter (erster) Quadrant eines Schreibkoordinatensystems

102

Beispielhafter (zweiter) Quadrant eines Schreibkoordinatensystems

103

Beispielhafter (dritter) Quadrant eines Schreibkoordinatensystems

104

Beispielhafter (vierter) Quadrant eines Schreibkoordinatensystems

105

Beispielhafte Längsachse des beispielhaften elektronischen Schreibstiftes

106

Beispielhaftes Schreibsubstrat, beispielhafte Schreibsubstratebene

107

Beispielhafte X-Achse

108

Beispielhafte Y-Achse

109

Beispielhaftes Paar {X, Y} von X-Achse und Y-Achse, wobei die Achsen orthogonal zueinander stehen.

110

Beispielhaftes Lot von der Längsachse des elektronischen Schreibstiftes auf das Schreibsubstrat

111

Beispielhafte Projektion der Längsachse des elektronischen Schreibstiftes auf das Schreibsubstrat / die Schreibsubstratebene

112

Beispielhafter Neigungswinkel zwischen Längsachse des elektronischen Schreibstiftes und Schreibsubstrat / Schreibsubstratebene

113

Beispielhafter Lotfußpunkt

114

Beispielhafte Spitze /Schreibspitze des elektronischen Schreibstiftes / beispielhafte Schreibminenspitze

115

Beispielhafter Aufsetzpunkt der Spitze des elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhafter Ursprung des beispielhaften Schreibkoordinatensystems

116

Beispielhaftes geschriebenes Schreibmuster, beispielhafter geschriebener Text

117

Beispielhafte Schreibrichtung

118

Beispielhafter Kegel bzw. Kegelmantel, mögliche Menge an Orten des Schreibstiftes für einen gegebenen Neigungswinkel bzw. Höhenwinkel

200

Beispielhaftes periodisches stationäres Muster / Schreibmuster/ Schreibmusterelement in beispielhafter Y-Achsenrichtung, beispielhafter Schreibvorgang

201

Beispielhafter Startpunkt einer beispielhaften Schreibewegung, beispielhafter Beginn/Anfang des stationären periodischen Musters

202

Beispielhafter Endpunkt einer beispielhaften Schreibewegung, beispielhaftes Ende, beispielhafter Schlusspunkt des stationären periodischen Musters

203

Beispielhafte Y-Achse

204

Beispielhafter Schreibvorgang, beispielhafte Schreibbewegung, beispielhafte Richtung der Schreibbewegung

205

Beispielhafte Ordinate, z.B. Y-Achsenanteil des Orts/der Ortposition des elektronischen Schreibstiftes in Abhängigkeit der Zeit bzw. Phasenwinkel

206

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Geschwindigkeit eines/des Schreibvorgangs

207

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Beschleunigung eines/des Schreibvorgangs

208

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Kraftaufwand eines/des Schreibvorgangs

209

Beispielhafte Abszisse, z.B. Zeitachse bzw. Phasenwinkel über eine Periode von 0 bis 2π eines/des Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

210

Beispielhafter Y-Achsenanteil / Y-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Positions- bzw. Ortssignal eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Ortsignalprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

211

Beispielhafter Y-Achsenanteil / Y-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Geschwindigkeitssignals eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Geschwindigkeitsprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

212

Beispielhafter Y-Achsenanteil / Y-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Beschleunigungssignals eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Beschleunigungsprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

213

Beispielhaftes Kraftaufwandprofil, beispielhaftes Muskelaktivierungspotential der Hand- bzw. Finger- bzw. Armmuskulatur eines Anwenders bei Durchführung eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

214

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in positiver Achsrichtung

215

Beispielhafter (erster) Zeitversatz / beispielhafte Zeitspanne zwischen einem (ersten) Paar von aufeinanderfolgenden entgegengerichteten Beschleunigungsänderungen

216

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in negativer Achsrichtung

217

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in negativer Achsrichtung

218

Beispielhafter (zweiter) Zeitversatz / beispielhafte Zeitspanne zwischen einem (zweiten) Paar von aufeinanderfolgenden entgegengerichteten Beschleunigungsänderungen

219

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in positiver Achsrichtung

220

Beispielhaftes (erstes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in positiver Achsrichtung) bzw. (erstes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in positiver Achsrichtung)

221

Beispielhaftes (zweites) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in negativer Achsrichtung), bzw. (zweites) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in negativer Achsrichtung)

222

Beispielhaftes (drittes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in positiver Achsrichtung), bzw. (drittes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in positiver Achsrichtung)

223

Beispielhafte (erste) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des antreibenden Muskel (Agonist)

224

Beispielhafte (zweite) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des hemmenden Muskel (Antagonist)

225

Beispielhafte (dritte) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des antreibenden Muskel (Agonist)

226

Beispielhafte (vierte) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des hemmenden Muskel (Antagonist)

300

Beispielhaftes periodisches translatorisches Muster / Schreibmuster/ Schreibmusterelement in beispielhafter x-Achsenrichtung, beispielhafter Schreibvorgang

301

Beispielhafter Startpunkt einer beispielhaften Schreibewegung, beispielhafter Beginn/Anfang des translatorischen periodischen Musters

302

Beispielhafter Endpunkt einer beispielhaften Schreibewegung, beispielhaftes Ende, beispielhafter Schlusspunkt des translatorischen periodischen Musters

303

Beispielhafte X-Achse

304

Beispielhafter Schreibvorgang, beispielhafte Schreibbewegung, beispielhafte Richtung der Schreibbewegung

305

Beispielhafte Ordinate, z.B. X-Achsenanteil des Orts/der Ortposition des elektronischen Schreibstiftes in Abhängigkeit der Zeit bzw. Phasenwinkel

306

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Geschwindigkeit eines/des Schreibvorgangs

307

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Beschleunigung eines/des Schreibvorgangs

308

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Kraftaufwand eines/des Schreibvorgangs

309

Beispielhafte Abszisse, z.B. Zeitachse bzw. Phasenwinkel über eine Periode von 0 bis 2π eines/des Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

310

Beispielhafter X-Achsenanteil / X-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Positions- bzw. Ortssignal eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Ortsignalprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

311

Beispielhafter X-Achsenanteil / X-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Geschwindigkeitssignals eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Geschwindigkeitsprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

312

Beispielhafter X-Achsenanteil / X-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Beschleunigungssignals eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Beschleunigungsprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

313

Beispielhaftes Kraftaufwandprofil, beispielhaftes Muskelaktivierungspotential der Hand- bzw. Finger- bzw. Armmuskulatur eines Anwenders bei Durchführung eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

314

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in positiver Achsrichtung

315

Beispielhafter (erster) Zeitversatz / beispielhafte Zeitspanne zwischen einem (ersten) Paar von aufeinanderfolgenden entgegengerichteten Beschleunigungsänderungen

316

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in negativer Achsrichtung

317

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in negativer Achsrichtung

318

Beispielhafter (zweiter) Zeitversatz / beispielhafte Zeitspanne zwischen einem (zweiten) Paar von aufeinanderfolgenden entgegengerichteten Beschleunigungsänderungen

319

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in positiver Achsrichtung

320

Beispielhaftes (erstes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in positiver Achsrichtung) bzw. (erstes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in positiver Achsrichtung)

321

Beispielhaftes (zweites) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in negativer Achsrichtung), bzw. (zweites) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in negativer Achsrichtung)

322

Beispielhaftes (drittes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in positiver Achsrichtung), bzw. (drittes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in positiver Achsrichtung)

323

Beispielhafte (erste) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des antreibenden Muskel (Agonist)

324

Beispielhafte (zweite) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des hemmenden Muskel (Antagonist)

325

Beispielhafte (dritte) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des antreibenden Muskel (Agonist)

326

Beispielhafte (vierte) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des hemmenden Muskel (Antagonist)

400

Beispielhafte Ordinate, z.B. X-Achsenanteil des Orts/der Ortposition des elektronischen Schreibstiftes in Abhängigkeit der Zeit bzw. Phasenwinkel

401

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Geschwindigkeit eines/des Schreibvorgangs

402

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Beschleunigung eines/des Schreibvorgangs

403

Beispielhafte Ordinate, Kraftaufwand eines/des Schreibvorgangs

404

Beispielhafte Abszisse, z.B. Zeitachse bzw. Phasenwinkel über eine Periode von 0 bis 2π eines/des Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

405

Beispielhafter X-Achsenanteil / X-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Positions- bzw. Ortssignal eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Ortsignalprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

406

Beispielhafter X-Achsenanteil / X-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Geschwindigkeitssignals eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Geschwindigkeitsprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

407

Beispielhafter X-Achsenanteil / X-Achsenkomponente eines beispielhaften Beschleunigungssignals eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes, beispielhaftes Beschleunigungsprofil eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

408

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in positiver Achsrichtung

409

Beispielhafter (erster) Zeitversatz / beispielhafte Zeitspanne zwischen einem (ersten) Paar von aufeinanderfolgenden entgegengerichteten Beschleunigungsänderungen

410

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in negativer Achsrichtung

411

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in negativer Achsrichtung

412

Beispielhafter (zweiter) Zeitversatz / beispielhafte Zeitspanne zwischen einem (zweiten) Paar von aufeinanderfolgenden entgegengerichteten Beschleunigungsänderungen

413

Beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung, beispielhafter Beschleunigungsabfall / Beschleunigungsanstieg in positiver Achsrichtung

414

Beispielhaftes (erstes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in positiver Achsrichtung) bzw. (erstes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in positiver Achsrichtung) mit einer ersten Amplitude

415

Beispielhaftes (zweites) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in negativer Achsrichtung) bzw. (zweites) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in negativer Achsrichtung) mit einer zweiten Amplitude

416

Beispielhaftes (drittes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in negativer Achsrichtung) bzw. (drittes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in negativer Achsrichtung) mit einer dritten Amplitude

417

Beispielhaftes (viertes) Beschleunigungsmaximum (in positiver Achsrichtung) bzw. (viertes) Beschleunigungsmaximumplateau (in positiver Achsrichtung) mit einer vierten Amplitude

418

Beispielhaftes Kraftaufwandprofil, beispielhaftes Muskelaktivierungspotential der Hand- bzw. Finger- bzw. Armmuskulatur eines Anwenders bei Durchführung eines/des beispielhaften Schreibvorgangs eines elektronischen Schreibstiftes

419

Beispielhafte (erste) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des antreibenden Muskel (Agonist)

420

Beispielhafte (zweite) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des hemmenden Muskel (Antagonist)

421

Beispielhafte (dritte) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des antreibenden Muskel (Agonist)

422

Beispielhafte (vierte) Kraftaufwandsänderung, Muskelaktivierungspotentialänderung des hemmenden Muskel (Antagonist)

423

Beispielhafte (erste) Amplitude

424

Beispielhafte (zweite) Amplitude

425

Beispielhafte (dritte) Amplitude

426

Beispielhafte (vierte) Amplitude

427

Beispielhafte Abschnitt des beispielhaften Beschleunigungsprofiles dessen Ableitung ungleich Null ist und wobei an jedem Punkt des Abschnitts die Beschleunigung ungleich Null ist, beispielhafte Beschleunigungsänderung

428

Beispielhafter Abschnitt des beispielhaften Kraftaufwandprofiles dessen Ableitung ungleich Null ist und wobei an jedem Punkt des Abschnitts der Kraftaufwand ungleich Null ist.

This is followed by 4 sheets with the figures 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b and 4 . The reference numerals are assigned as follows.

100

Exemplary electronic pen

101

Exemplary (first) quadrant of a write coordinate system

102

Exemplary (second) quadrant of a writing coordinate system

103

Exemplary (third) quadrant of a write coordinate system

104

Exemplary (fourth) quadrant of a writing coordinate system

105

Exemplary longitudinal axis of the exemplary electronic pen

106

Exemplary writing substrate, exemplary writing substrate plane

107

Exemplary X-axis

108

Exemplary Y-axis

109

Exemplary pair {X, Y} of X-axis and Y-axis, where the axes are orthogonal to each other.

110

Exemplary solder from the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen to the writing substrate

111

Exemplary projection of the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen onto the writing substrate / writing substrate plane

112

Exemplary tilt angle between the longitudinal axis of the electronic pen and writing substrate / writing substrate plane

113

Exemplary lotus point

114

Exemplary electronic stylus tip / stylus / exemplary pen tip

115

Exemplary Touch Point of Electronic Pen Tip, Exemplary Origin of Exemplary Write Coordinate System

116

Exemplary written writing pattern, exemplary written text

117

Exemplary writing direction

118

Exemplary cone, possible amount of locations of the stylus for a given tilt angle or elevation angle

200

Exemplary periodic stationary pattern / writing pattern / writing pattern element in exemplary Y-axis direction, exemplary writing process

201

Exemplary starting point of an exemplary writing movement, exemplary beginning / beginning of the stationary periodic pattern

202

Example end point of an example write movement, exemplary end, exemplary end point of the stationary periodic pattern

203

Exemplary Y-axis

204

Exemplary writing process, exemplary writing movement, exemplary direction of writing movement

205

Exemplary ordinate, eg Y-axis component of the location / location of the electronic pen as a function of time or phase angle

206

Exemplary ordinate, speed of a write

207

Exemplary ordinate, acceleration of a write operation

208

Exemplary ordinate, force of a write

209

Exemplary abscissa, eg time axis or phase angle over a period of 0 to 2π of a write operation of an electronic pen

210

Exemplary Y-axis component / Y-axis component of an exemplary positional signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary location signal profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

211

Exemplary Y-axis component / Y-axis component of an exemplary speed signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary velocity profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

212

Exemplary Y-axis component / Y-axis component of an exemplary acceleration signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary acceleration profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

213

Exemplary force profile, exemplary muscle activation potential of the hand or finger muscles of a user when performing a / the exemplary writing process of an electronic pen

214

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in positive axis direction

215

Exemplary (first) time offset / exemplary time span between a (first) pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes

216

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in negative axis direction

217

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in negative axis direction

218

Exemplary (second) time offset / exemplary time span between a (second) pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes

219

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in positive axis direction

220

Exemplary (first) acceleration maximum (in positive axis direction) or (first) acceleration maximum plateau (in positive axis direction)

221

Exemplary (second) acceleration maximum (in negative axis direction), or (second) acceleration maximum plateau (in negative axis direction)

222

Exemplary (third) acceleration maximum (in positive axis direction), or (third) acceleration maximum plateau (in positive axis direction)

223

Exemplary (first) force change, muscle activation potential change of the driving muscle (agonist)

224

Exemplary (second) force change, muscle activation potential change of the inhibitory muscle (antagonist)

225

Exemplary (third) force change, muscle activation potential change of the driving muscle (agonist)

226

Exemplary (fourth) force change, muscle activation potential change of the inhibitory muscle (antagonist)

300

Exemplary periodic translatory pattern / pattern / pattern element in exemplary x-axis direction, exemplary write

301

Exemplary starting point of an exemplary writing movement, exemplary beginning / beginning of the translatory periodic pattern

302

Exemplary end point of an exemplary write movement, exemplary end, exemplary end point of the translatory periodic pattern

303

Exemplary X-axis

304

Exemplary writing process, exemplary writing movement, exemplary direction of writing movement

305

Exemplary ordinate, eg X-axis portion of the location / location of the electronic pen as a function of time or phase angle

306

Exemplary ordinate, speed of a write

307

Exemplary ordinate, acceleration of a write operation

308

Exemplary ordinate, force of a write

309

Exemplary abscissa, eg time axis or phase angle over a period of 0 to 2π of a write operation of an electronic pen

310

Exemplary X-axis component / X-axis component of an exemplary positional signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary location signal profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

311

Exemplary X-axis component / X-axis component of an exemplary speed signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary velocity profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

312

Exemplary X-axis component / X-axis component of an exemplary acceleration signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary acceleration profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

313

Exemplary force profile, exemplary muscle activation potential of the hand or finger muscles of a user when performing a / the exemplary writing process of an electronic pen

314

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary Acceleration deceleration / acceleration increase in positive axis direction

315

Exemplary (first) time offset / exemplary time span between a (first) pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes

316

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in negative axis direction

317

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in negative axis direction

318

Exemplary (second) time offset / exemplary time span between a (second) pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes

319

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in positive axis direction

320

Exemplary (first) acceleration maximum (in positive axis direction) or (first) acceleration maximum plateau (in positive axis direction)

321

Exemplary (second) acceleration maximum (in negative axis direction), or (second) acceleration maximum plateau (in negative axis direction)

322

Exemplary (third) acceleration maximum (in positive axis direction), or (third) acceleration maximum plateau (in positive axis direction)

323

Exemplary (first) force change, muscle activation potential change of the driving muscle (agonist)

324

Exemplary (second) force change, muscle activation potential change of the inhibitory muscle (antagonist)

325

Exemplary (third) force change, muscle activation potential change of the driving muscle (agonist)

326

Exemplary (fourth) force change, muscle activation potential change of the inhibitory muscle (antagonist)

400

Exemplary ordinate, eg X-axis portion of the location / location of the electronic pen as a function of time or phase angle

401

Exemplary ordinate, speed of a write

402

Exemplary ordinate, acceleration of a write operation

403

Exemplary ordinate, force of a write

404

Exemplary abscissa, eg time axis or phase angle over a period of 0 to 2π of a write operation of an electronic pen

405

Exemplary X-axis component / X-axis component of an exemplary positional signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary location signal profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

406

Exemplary X-axis component / X-axis component of an exemplary speed signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary velocity profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

407

Exemplary X-axis component / X-axis component of an exemplary acceleration signal of an exemplary electronic pen writing process, exemplary acceleration profile of an exemplary electronic pen writing process

408

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in positive axis direction

409

Exemplary (first) time offset / exemplary time span between a (first) pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes

410

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in negative axis direction

411

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in negative axis direction

412

Exemplary (second) time offset / exemplary time span between a (second) pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes

413

Exemplary acceleration change, exemplary acceleration drop / acceleration increase in positive axis direction

414

Exemplary (first) acceleration maximum (in the positive axis direction) or (first) acceleration maximum plateau (in the positive axial direction) with a first amplitude

415

Exemplary (second) acceleration maximum (in negative axis direction) or (second) Acceleration maximum plateau (in negative axis direction) with a second amplitude

416

Exemplary (third) acceleration maximum (in negative axis direction) or (third) acceleration maximum plateau (in negative axis direction) with a third amplitude

417

Exemplary (fourth) acceleration maximum (in positive axis direction) or (fourth) acceleration maximum plateau (in positive axis direction) with a fourth amplitude

418

Exemplary force profile, exemplary muscle activation potential of the hand or finger muscles of a user when performing a / the exemplary writing process of an electronic pen

419

Exemplary (first) force change, muscle activation potential change of the driving muscle (agonist)

420

Exemplary (second) force change, muscle activation potential change of the inhibitory muscle (antagonist)

421

Exemplary (third) force change, muscle activation potential change of the driving muscle (agonist)

422

Exemplary (fourth) force change, muscle activation potential change of the inhibitory muscle (antagonist)

423

Exemplary (first) amplitude

424

Exemplary (second) amplitude

425

Exemplary (third) amplitude

426

Exemplary (fourth) amplitude

427

Exemplary portion of the example acceleration profile whose derivative is non-zero and where at any point in the range the acceleration is nonzero, exemplary acceleration change

428

Exemplary portion of the exemplary force profile whose derivative is nonzero and where at each point of the section the force is nonzero.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 0207424 A2 [0004]

Claims (8)

An electronic pen (100) with stylus position detection, comprising a writing lead, at least one electrical voltage source, at least one digital arithmetic unit, at least one data transfer module, and an inertial position sensor for detecting the location and movement of the electronic pen, the electronic pen (100) being configured for initial definition of a writing coordinate system having two mutually orthogonal axes X, Y (107, 108) on a two-dimensional writing substrate (106) and an axis Z perpendicular to the two-dimensional writing substrate, characterized in that the inertial positioning sensor system is configured to determine accelerations and acceleration profiles of the electronic pen along the X-axis (107) and along the Y-axis (108) for a plurality of pairs of different axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis on the writing substrate (106), wherein for each axis-direction pair, the axis direction of the X-axis (107) and the axis-direction of the Y-axis (108) are orthogonal to each other, and wherein the digital computing unit is configured to determine a writing direction based on the determination of at least one characteristic Property of an acceleration profile (312) determined by the inertial positioning sensor. Electronic pen (100) after Claim 1 wherein the digital arithmetic unit is configured to determine a writing direction based on a determination of at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile (312) determined by the inertial positioning sensor, and wherein the determination of said at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile (312) determined by the inertial positioning sensor determining at least two time offsets (315, 318) between at least two pairs of consecutive opposing acceleration changes of the acceleration profiles for a given axial direction of the x-axis and a given axis direction of the y-axis from the plurality of pairs of axis directions of the x-axis and the y-axis Axis includes, and the digital arithmetic unit is configured to determine that pair of the axis direction of the X-axis and the axis direction of the Y-axis, in which the particular acceleration profile (312) along the axial direction of an axis, eg the X-axis, which fulfills at least one characteristic property that the determined time offsets (315, 318) are extremal, eg minimum and / or maximum, and different from each other. The electronic pen (100) of the preceding claim, wherein the digital arithmetic unit is configured to adjust a time offset (315, 318) between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes for a given axis direction of the x-axis and a given axis direction y-axis determine based on the first derivative of the particular accelerations and acceleration profiles. The electronic pen (100) of the preceding claim, wherein the digital arithmetic unit is configured to adjust the time offset (315, 318) between a pair of consecutive reverse acceleration changes (314, 316, 317, 319) for a given axis direction of the x-axis and determine a given axis direction of the Y-axis from the time interval in which the first derivative of the determined accelerations and the magnitude of the determined accelerations are equal to or nearly equal to zero. The electronic pen (100) of claim 1, wherein the digital arithmetic unit is configured to determine a writing direction based on a determination of at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile (407) determined by the inertial positioning sensor, and wherein the determination of said characteristic property of an acceleration profile (407) determined by the inertial positioning sensor system, the determination of the amplitudes (414, 415, 416, 417) comprises at least two consecutive, opposite acceleration changes of the acceleration profile (407) for a given axial direction of the X-axis and includes a given axis direction of the Y-axis among the plurality of pairs of axis directions of the X-axis and Y-axis, and the digital arithmetic unit is configured to determine the pair of axial direction of the X axis and the axis direction of the Y axis at which the determined acceleration profile (407) along the axis direction of an axis, e.g. the X-axis satisfying at least one characteristic that the difference in the amplitudes of the at least two consecutive reverse acceleration changes of the acceleration profile is extremal and distinct from zero. The electronic pen (100) of claim 1, wherein the digital computing unit is configured to determine a writing direction based on a determination of at least one characteristic of an acceleration profile determined by the inertial positioning sensor, and wherein the digital computing unit is configured to perform a comparison by the inertial Positioning sensor of certain acceleration profiles with a predetermined acceleration profile, for determining that pair of the axial direction of the X-axis and the axis of the Y-axis, in which the specific acceleration profile along the axial direction of an axis, eg the X-axis, which meets at least one characteristic property, that the specific acceleration profile corresponds to the predetermined acceleration profile. An electronic pen (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the predetermined acceleration profile is defined by a predetermined translational writing pattern (300), e.g. by a given word and / or a given translational periodic pattern, e.g. a garland. The electronic pen (100) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electronic pen is configured to initially define a write coordinate system having two orthogonal axes X, Y (107, 108) on a two-dimensional write substrate (106) and an axis Z perpendicular to two-dimensional writing substrate, and wherein said initial definition of a writing coordinate system having two mutually orthogonal axes X, Y on a two-dimensional writing substrate and an axis Z takes into account at least one, some or all of the following assumptions: the longitudinal axis (105) of the electronic pen (100) is not parallel to the direction of gravity, the surface of the writing substrate (106) is oriented orthogonal to the direction of gravity, the user of the electronic pen is right- and / or left-handed, the writing direction is parallel to an edge of the writing substrate, the writing direction ng from the user's perspective is from left to right or from right to left or from top to bottom.

Images