DE202017005231U1 - Quench cooler for dryer exhaust gas measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

Quench Cooler for the measurement of the temperature of the exhaust gas, in which one heat exchange medium is a liquid, the other a vapor-containing gas, temperature sensors (19, 21) being provided before and after the heat exchange.

Description

The invention relates to a quench cooler for drying the exhaust gas according to the features of claim 1.

Of emissions and fine dust formation in the combustion of fossil fuels is from polluted areas z. Stuttgart, for example, that in the passenger cars, in which the combustion energy is used in diesel fuel for energy conversion, an emission limit for certain cars will apply. Next is known about the formation of fine dust in dryers with gas, that in tumble dryers, in which the combustion energy is used for adiabatic evaporation and drying, the efficiency of heat utilization and emissions are not monitored and a limitation of consequential damage to dryers by particulate matter does not take place.

It is known from the sustainable increase in energy efficiency of tumble dryers and a gas heated dryer type PD 270 GWU, manufactured by Kannegiesser, that with adiabatic energy use and recirculation 60% of the air is left inside the system and 40% is driven over the burner. Compared with the amount of energy in 40% of the convective air, 2.5 times or 100% of the energy is dissipated from the laundry. ( Final report: DBU AZ 28612_01, 2012, page 61, paragraph 1 ). Disadvantage are heat losses in the dryer.

Furthermore, it is known about the drying design in the dryer PD 270 GWU with recirculation, that the burner is set in the drying of mats and mop covers with a hot gas temperature of 180 ° C and the energy supplied in the exhaust residual heat of 125 kJ or 30 kcal per kg Exhaust gas is left. ( AZ 28612_01 2012, page 51, Figure 7 and 28 ). At 180 ° C, the hot gases have a heat content of 54 kcal / kg drying air and the exhaust gas at 30 kcal per kg of exhaust gas heat loss of 24 kcal per kg of exhaust gas. For the savings and the avoidance of the heat losses at the numerous dryers in Germany it is necessary that the energy losses are recorded as inefficiency individually by an actual measurement and after the conversion of the dryers in a further measurement the result is indicated.

Further, a quench cooler for heating water from exhaust gases is known, in which one heat exchange medium is a liquid and the other is a gas or steam, and which are mixed like a fluidized bed in a quench cooler with heating of supplied cold water, wherein a plurality of separation stages (theoretical plates ) are set up. ( DE 20 2015 005 637 )

The specified in the protection claim 1 invention for energy efficiency and optimization is based on the problem in numerous dryers to diagnose the heat losses in an actual measurement and the efficiency increase after a Reduziereng the losses in the individual dryer metrologically, device sharp, display.

The problem is solved on the basis of the cited prior art by a quench cooler with the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are possible by the measures mentioned in the dependent claims.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular then that instead of data acquisition, the cost of documentation and a high staffing demand for the exhaust gas measurement according to the described prior art (DBU) a quench cooler, in which a heat exchange medium, a liquid, the other Dryer exhaust is, and temperature sensors are provided before and after the heat exchange and in particular an O ₂ sensor for measuring residual oxygen O _{2 is provided} in the exhaust gas.

An essential feature of the invention is the heat exchange and the execution in 2 stages, a quench with the mixing of the dryer exhaust gas with the liquid and subsequent heat dissipation from the gas to the colder liquid. An essential advantage of heat dissipation is the small amount of gas that is distributed in the liquid during mixing. Accordingly, with an expansion of the liquid heat transfer medium H ₂ O by 50% in 1000 kg H ₂ O an amount of exhaust gas of 0.5 kg mixed.

Advantage is an adiabatic heat dissipation within the liquid, which is larger by a factor of 2000, in conjunction with exact temperature readings. Wherein the cooling (delta) T of the exhaust gases is favored by the smaller specific heat c _{p of} the gases.

A significant advantage consists in the physical differences of the heat exchange medium of the quench cooler: water, H ₂ O and exhaust gases.

An advantageous development of the invention is specified in claim 2. The development according to claim 2 makes it possible to determine from the measured value for residual oxygen O ₂ , and the oxygen conversion in the combustion chamber of the heating stage, the power supply and the adiabatic at the entrance of the drying. It is the case that with gas dryers the combustion proceeds after the oxygen conversion with the fuel: CH ₄ + 2O ₂ => CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O _fl . + 212,400 kcal equation (1)

In this equation (1), the conversion of 1 CH ₄ with 2 O ₂ equates to the formation of 44 kg CO ₂ and 36 kg liquid H ₂ O + the heat of formation of 212,400 kcal. Accordingly, at a conversion of 1 vol% O _2, a heat of 1062 kcal is released in 29 kg of air or (1062/29) 36.6 kcal / kg air.

The main advantage: the adiabats for a loss-free change of state in the dryer.

Further advantages are, in particular, that the emissions of particulate matter, which are not specified and overlooked when drying the floor mats and dirty mop covers according to equation (1) and the balance of oxygen consumption device sharp as oxygen value and emissions inversely proportional to the oxygen conversion appeared. In the present case are charged with a consumption of 1 CH ₄ and 1% O ₂ (2 x 29 kg) / 0.01 or 5,800 kg per CH ₄ loaded with particulate matter. These particulate matter emissions are 20 times the exhaust gas volumes of passenger cars and diesel vehicles or 2000%

The climate damage not listed so far consists of the earth's atmosphere and an exhaust volume with 5,000 ppm CO ₂ of 9,270 m ³ per MOL CH ₄ , based on 0.5 bar and 273 K and the conversion of 16 kg of natural gas or 22.4 Nm ³ . From 22.4 Nm ³ , 9,200 m ³ polluted atmosphere, based on Eq. (1).

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in claim 3. The embodiment according to claim 3 makes it possible to apply the exhaust gas values in a data log over the duration of the measurement. The advantage is that value pairs are available over a measurement period for the determination of the adiabatic A1 and A2.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in claim 4. The embodiment of claim 4 makes it possible, in a quench cooler, in which a liquid or water is a heat exchange medium and the exhaust gas, to cool the second heat exchange medium, the waste gas adiabatically (without heat exchange to the outside), and in a simple manner the saturated state of the dryer Exhaust gas is shown as temperature. Advantageously, the adiabats A1 and A2 are displayed in an oblique-angle adiabatic diagram over the water content x of the air. Key advantage: Simplicity and labeling of 2 adiabates in an (a) -diagram or a, x-diagram for dryer exhaust gases.

Advantage is the simple way, according to which in the quench cooler, the temperature compensation in the mixture of dissimilar media liquid and exhaust gas is given.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in the claim 5. The development according to claim 5 makes it possible to easily record and read the in-efficiency of the dryer, which consists of the distance of the adiabatic A1 and A2 in the (a) -diagram.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 6. The development according to claim 6 makes it possible to record the in-efficiency of individual dryers, which is shown in a simple manner with the adiabatic A1 and A2, in a digital memory as an image.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below.

Show it:

1 In-efficiency of gas tumble dryer

2 Quench cooler

In 1 shows the inefficiency of a gas dryer for laundry with the adiabatic as (a) -diagram, which consists of an adiabatic 1 , referred to as A1 of the hot drying gases of 180 ° C and the value 54 kcal / kg of exhaust gas, from an adiabatic 2 , referred to as A2 with the value of 30 kcal / kg of exhaust gas in an oblique diagram 3 over an axis of abscissa 5 in g H ₂ O per kg of exhaust gas and above a line 4 for saturated air, from a vertical 6 by the zero point with 0 g of H ₂ O per kg of exhaust gas on which the heat contents (i) of the adiabates are given, and of temperature readings, a temperature 9 after replacement, a temperature 8 in the exhaust gas before replacement and a temperature 7 after the heating stage with 180 C is constructed in a simple manner that the heat losses in the dryer through the adiabatic difference (A1-A2) are shown and the inefficiency in a simple manner by the difference of adiabatic before and after the dryer recorded on paper and in the height is shown.

Further, in a circulating air dryer that is indirectly heated, the adiabatic rate of the exhaust gas is above (above) the adiabatic 1 and thus an efficiency increase is shown in the (a) -diagram.

In addition to measurement in dryer exhaust gases in tumble dryers exhaust gas measurements are possible to determine the efficiency in other dryers, which are not listed in detail. Importantly, a quench cooler is provided for the measurements to achieve the advantages of the invention, and the result of the drying is indicated by the determination of the adiabatic gases of the exhaust gases and the exhaust gas is cooled adiabatically in a simple manner.

In 2 is the heat exchange in a quench cooler in the manner of an apparatus control plan, in which one heat exchange medium is a liquid and the other is a gas or a vapor, which is from the quench cooler 11 , a filling with water 12 as a heat transfer medium, a supply line 13 for dryer exhaust gases, a discharge line 14 for adiabatically cooled exhaust gases, from internals for the distribution of exhaust gases by means of horizontal pipes 15 in the filling 12 , with outlet openings 16 on the bottom for the quench of the fumes with the filling 12 , from a liquid level 17 , which results in the mixing of the heat transfer medium, from a free space 18 above the liquid level 17 , in which drops from the treated exhaust gas precipitate, a temperature sensor 19 and an O ₂ sensor 20 in the untreated exhaust and a temperature sensor 21 in the treated exhaust gas and a housing 22 is constructed in such a way that after a quench of the exhaust gases in the liquid, a static pressure at a level 23 is constructed that the heat exchange liquid / gas takes place adiabatically in the arrangement of the openings within the liquid. In a simple way, the heat remains in the heat exchange means, namely a mixture of liquids with exhaust gases.

The optimization results from the inefficiency of the dryers, which is shown in the example. Data Source PD 270 GWU Kannegiesser dryer DBU AZ 28612-01 Equation (1) CH ₄ + 2O ₂ => CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O _fl. + 212,400 kcal Air heating from 20 ° C to 180 ° C Residual heat of steam according to Eq. (1): 2H ₂ O at 160 ° C: 36 (597 + 0.46 × 160 ° C) - 24141 kcal Heat generation in the dryer according to Eq. (1) 188,259 kcal Heat release Hu / 29 kg air 94,129 kcal / O ₂ Heat requirement / 29 kg air (0,24 + 0,01 · 0,46) 160 ° C 1,134 kcal O ₂ conversion 1134/94129 · 100% 1.2 vol.% O ₂ Complementary O ₂ determination, calibrated with Testo devices Calculation of H ₂ O uptake total water 18 kg 18,000 g At 1.2% sales · 18,000 0,012 216 g H ₂ O per MOL air (Delta) × per kg of air 216/29 7.44 g H ₂ O / kg air

The water absorption of the combustion air, which in the DBU AZ 28612 is not considered, is determined in a simple manner with 7.44 g H ₂ O at 180 ° C hot air. Saturation in supply air 8 g / kg saturation gain 7.44 g / kg Saturation at 180 ° C 15.44 g H ₂ O / kg gas Determination of adiabatic A1: at 180 ° C and 15.44 g H ₂ O / kg gas A1 0.24 x 180 ° C + 0.01544 (597+ 0.46 x 180) A1 53.7 kcal / kg chosen 54 kcal / kg gas A2 ( Figure 7, AZ 28612 ) 30 kcal / kg gas Water evaporation × Saturation degree exhaust gas 23.8 g / kg waste gas (Fig. 28) Saturation degree before drying 15,44g / kg gas (delta) × per kg of exhaust gas 8.36 g / kg gas Particulate matter emissions: (1) Dirty exhaust gases Exhaust gases / kg H ₂ O 1000 / 8.36 119 kg air per kg H ₂ O (2) Exhaust gas from combustion of 1.2% O ₂ amount of exhaust gas 58 kg / 0.012 4,833 kg of exhaust gas per CH ₄ (16 kg) Volume. at 0 ° C and 0.5 bar 7,723 m ³ per CH ₄ (3) Guaranteed exhaust gases Exhaust gases, warranty at 1,1 kWh per kg H ₂ O: Heat of vaporization 620 kcal / 860 · 1.13 0.815 kWh (heat of vaporization) Remaining heat of the drying air 0.285 kWh per kg H ₂ O Air requirement -70 ° C: 0.285 x 860 / 1.13 x 0.24 c _p x 50 (delta) T Air volume at 1.1 kWh / kg 18 kg of air per kg of H ₂ O (Conversion factor (1.13) of upper / lower heating values at CH ₄ ) (4) Fine particulate emissions DBU AZ 28612 119/18 · 100 ( DBU AZ 28612 ) 661% (5) Fine dust and emissions from fossil fuels CH ₄ Base: energy conversion at 10% excess air (lambda) Air volume 58 kg 0.19 vol.% 305 kg / 188,259 kcal Specific air flow 305 · 860 / 188,259 1.4 kg of air per kWh Gas tumble dryer increased particulate matter emission Kannegiesser (1,1 kWh / kg H ₂ O) 18 kg / 1.1 (guaranteed value) Specific air quantity 18 (1,1 16.36 kg of air per kWh Increase (16.36 / 1.4) · 100 1168% factor 11.6 Gas tumble dryer after DBU AZ 28612 - with circulating air Air quantity per kg H ₂ O 119 kg of exhaust gas Adiabatic energy use 0.815 kWh for evaporation Residual energy at 70 ° C: in air 119 · 0.24 · 50 ° C · 1.13 / 860 + 1,876 kWh Energy consumption - DBU gas dryer 2.69 kWh per kg H2O Specific air flow 119 / 2.69 44.2 kg of air per kWh Increase (44.2 / 1.4) · 100 3156% factor 31.56

Advantage of the dryer exhaust gas measurement: Proof of the efficiency of the adiabatic use of energy in gas dryers ( DBU AZ 28612 ) with circulating air through the adiabatic distance A1-A2 and detection of air pollution:
with factor 31.5 or 3156% particulate matter immission vis-à-vis passenger cars per kWh.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Adiabatic A1

2

Adiabatic A2

3

(a) -diagram, adiabatic

4

Line for saturated air

5

Abscissa axis

6

Vertical in the zero point

7

Temperature 180 ° C

8th

Temperature in the exhaust, DBT (Dry Bulb Temperature)

9

Temperature after replacement, WTB (Wet Bulb Temp.)

10

Quench cooler

11

casing

12

water

13

Supply line for exhaust gases

14

Discharge line for exhaust gases

15

Pipes, distribution pipes

16

Openings, outlet openings

17

liquid level

18

free space

19

temperature sensor

20

O ₂ sensor, oxygen

21

temperature sensor

22

Level, level indicator

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202015005637 [0005]

Cited non-patent literature

• Final report: DBU AZ 28612_01, 2012, page 61, paragraph 1 [0003]
• AZ 28612_01 2012, page 51, Figure 7 and 28 [0004]
• DBU AZ 28612-01 [0030]
• DBU AZ 28612 [0031]
• Figure 7, AZ 28612 [0031]
• DBU AZ 28612 [0031]
• DBU AZ 28612 [0031]
• DBU AZ 28612 [0031]
• DBU AZ 28612 [0032]

Claims (6)

Quench Radiator for the measurement of the temperature of the exhaust gas, in which one heat exchange medium is a liquid, the other a vapor-containing gas, temperature sensors ( 19 . 21 ) are provided before and after the heat exchange. Quench cooler for dryer exhaust gas measurement according to the preceding claim, characterized in that an O ₂ sensor ( 20 ) is provided for a measurement of residual oxygen O ₂ in the exhaust gas. Quench cooler for dryer exhaust gas measurement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a protocol is provided with measurement data. Quench cooler for the measurement of the exhaust gas according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for hot gases an adiabatic 1 ) and, for exhaust gases, an adiabate A2 ( 2 ) in an adiabatic diagram ( 3 ) are provided. Quench cooler for the measurement of the exhaust gas according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a diagnosis of inefficiency is provided proportional to the distance of the adiabatic. Quench cooler for dryer exhaust gas measurement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a digital memory of the adiabatic A1 and A2 is provided.

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