DE202017000584U1 - Electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric machine having at least one stator and at least one rotor interacting with the stator, wherein the stator and / or the rotor comprises an arrangement of a plurality of main magnetic devices, characterized in that the main magnetic devices taper towards a first side, wherein the first side at The rotor arranged main magnet means is the side facing the stator and / or arranged at the stator main magnet means is the side facing the rotor.

Description

The present invention relates to an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such conventional electric machines are used as an electric motor for generating a movement or as a generator for generating electrical energy. Frequently, such electrical machines are designed as rotary machines, in which the rotor is thus formed as a rotor which is arranged in an annular stator or annularly around a stator.

At the stator and / or the rotor magnetic devices are arranged, via which the rotor can be set in motion.

The most common embodiment of such electric machines has electromagnets on the stator, which cooperate with a ferromagnetic rotor. The electromagnets of the stator are arranged in a row in a circle around the rotor. By alternating actuation of the electromagnets, a continuous magnetic field is generated, which drives the rotor.

The electromagnets arranged on the stator are formed from coils which surround a ferromagnetic core.

In the optimization of the known electrical machines, two approaches are possible, on the one hand to reduce the necessary electrical energy for the provision of the magnetic field for driving the rotor and / or in the material used for the electromagnet.

Therefore, in US 2016/0164353 A1 chosen an approach in which the electromagnets are arranged on the stator in a so-called Halbach array. On the rotor also permanent magnets are arranged, which also form a Halbach array.

With an arrangement of magnets in a Halbach array it is achieved that, in the case of a multiplicity of magnets arranged next to one another, the magnetic field almost extinguishes on one side and is thereby reinforced on the opposite side. In the described so-called Halbach array motor thus has the advantage that only each of the stator or rotor side facing the magnetic field emerges from the magnet and on the opposite sides of the magnetic field is almost completely extinguished. This avoids losses in the magnetic flux. As a result, to provide a comparable magnetic field in a conventional motor, less electric power is required or electromagnets having a smaller number of windings can be used.

However, it is a desired goal to further improve the conventional motors, in particular the Halbach array motor.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an electric machine according to the preamble of claim 1, preferably a Halbach array motor, which is improved in terms of material usage and / or energy use.

The invention is defined by the features of claim 1.

The electric machine according to the invention with at least one stator and at least one rotor interacting with the stator, wherein the stator and / or the rotor has an arrangement of a plurality of main magnetic devices, characterized in that the main magnetic devices taper towards a first side, wherein the first Side is arranged on the rotor main magnet means the side facing the stator and / or arranged on the stator main magnet means is the side facing the rotor.

In other words, in the electric machine according to the invention, it is provided that main magnetic devices which are arranged on the stator, tapering in the direction of the rotor or main magnetic devices which are arranged on the rotor, tapering towards the stator.

It has been found that the magnetic flux generated by such shaped main magnetic devices is significantly stronger as compared with conventional main magnetic devices used in electric machines and having a cuboid shape. Corresponding simulations have shown that with main magnetic devices formed in this way, in magnetic main devices, the magnetic field concentrates on at least one line (the so-called magnetic field concentration line) oriented in the direction towards the taper. The magnetic flux produced by such a shaped main magnetic device is thus stronger in comparison to magnetic devices of other shapes, so that a comparable magnetic field can be formed with a low use of material or energy input.

The electric machine may be a motor or a generator. The rotor may be formed as a rotor, wherein the rotor is an internal rotor or a External rotor can be, that is, that the rotor can be arranged within a stator or a stator surrounding. The electric machine may also be a linear motor or generator in which the stator is elongated and the rotor performs a linear movement. It can also be provided that the electric machine has a plurality of stators and / or runners.

The electric machine according to the invention can be realized for example as a "floating" engine in so-called flat construction. In this case, the rotor is configured as a flat disk surrounding a shaft, and two disk-shaped stators are arranged above and below the disk of the rotor. The stators have the main magnetic devices and each form a magnetic field, on the one hand drives the rotor and on the other hand stabilizes the rotor in the axial and radial directions, so that a non-contact storage can take place.

It is preferably provided that the main magnetic device each have a shape with in each case at least two surface sections, which taper towards the first side, wherein the at least two surface sections are congruent to each other. The main magnetic device thus has at least two identical surface portions, which become narrower towards one side. Here, surface sections are understood as meaning parts of the surface of a main magnetic device which are delimited by an edge in the surface at least to form part of the tapered shape. It has been found that such shaped main magnetic devices in a particularly advantageous manner enhance the magnetic flux and thus the magnetic field, since particularly pronounced magnetic field concentration lines are present.

Preferably, it is provided that the shape of the main magnetic means in the form of a tetrahedron, a double tetrahedron, a pyramid, a double pyramid, an oloid, an octahedron, a wedge, a tetrahedral stump, a double truncated tetrahedron, a truncated pyramid, a Doppelpyramidenstumpfes, a Oloidstumpfes, an octahedron or an obelisk. In particular, the so-called platonic bodies or portions thereof have been found to be particularly advantageous. A section of a body is understood to mean a disk of a body, for example an octahedron section is understood to mean an octahedron in which two opposite corners are cut off. A stump of a mold is understood to mean the basic shape in which a part is cut off on one side. Under Obelisk, a wedge stump, i. a truncated wedge, understood. Preferably, the main magnetic device has the shape of a Russian pyramid. In principle, the main magnetic device can have any pyramidal shape, for example with a square base surface, or even another polygon as the base surface. A possible base area is rectangular, preferably with a "golden section" aspect ratio. The shape of the main magnetic devices may also have a dome shape, for example a triangular dome shape. It can also be provided that surface sections, in particular the two congruent surface sections, are arched, as for example in the case of an oloid. Also, the shapes of the main magnetic means may be a Reuleaux tetrahedron.

In an embodiment in which no two congruent surface portions are provided, the main magnet means may be in the shape of a cone, a truncated cone, a paraboloid of revolution and a corresponding stump, a hyperboloid of revolution or a corresponding stump, a stump of a hyperboloid of revolution, an ellipse cone or an elliptical cone stump, Spheroids or a stump of this, a biz cylinder or a tricylinder (stonemason) be.

Each of the main magnetic devices may also have a shape composed of a plurality of the aforementioned shapes. For example, the main magnetic devices may have a shape composed of a plurality of truncated pyramids or truncated cones, in which a plurality of truncated pyramids or truncated cones are stacked on top of one another. It is thus formed a kind of Christmas tree shape, wherein the tapered shape results through the topmost truncated pyramid or truncated cone. In other words, the tapered shape of the main magnetic devices does not necessarily have to be a continuously tapered shape. The mold may also have steps and / or sections of unaltered cross-section. The shape may also be a composite of several Doppelpyramidenstümpfen shape.

It is preferably provided that the main magnetic devices each have a jacket made of a material comprising a magnetically conductive material, in particular a ferromagnetic material, and / or electrical current, which partially covers the main magnetic devices. Such a jacket has been found to be particularly advantageous, since over the jacket, an amplification of the magnetic flux and thus the magnetic field can be achieved. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the magnetic flux can not leave a main magnetic device on the surfaces covered by the jacket but is returned via the jacket.

In this case, it can be provided that the jacket preferably completely covers a second side of the main magnetic devices, the second side being the side of the main magnetic devices facing away from the stator and / or the main magnetic devices facing away from the rotor facing the main magnetic devices facing away from the stator the main magnetic means is. Thus, leakage of the magnetic flux on the second side of the main magnetic devices can be almost completely prevented, so that a much stronger magnetic flux and thus a stronger magnetic field can be generated on the first side of the main magnetic devices. In the case of main magnetic devices which have a pyramidal, double-pyramidal or truncated pyramidal shape, for example, only the base area can be covered with the jacket.

It is preferably provided that the jacket partially covers the first side of the main magnetic devices and that an end region remains uncovered by the jacket, wherein the end region faces the stator when the main magnetic devices are arranged on the rotor and / or faces the rotor when the main magnetic devices are arranged on the stator. The uncovered end region allows leakage of the magnetic field on the first side in the desired direction. The surfaces covered by the cladding can prevent the leakage of the magnetic flux, so that a kind of concentration of the magnetic flux takes place on the uncovered end region and at which a multiply amplified magnetic flux can emerge. For example, the end portion may be only the upper surface of a main magnet device if it has a truncated shape, or it may be the tip, the end portion extending beyond, for example, more than 10% of the height of the main magnet device.

It may also be provided that the cladding covers only a portion of the main magnet device, the subregion extending to both the first and second sides, but not completely covering them. For example, one-half of the main magnet assembly may be covered by the shell, with the resulting edge of the shell extending from the second toward the first side. In this way, asymmetric magnetic fields can be generated. In a form of the main magnetic device with a base surface, the jacket may extend over part or all of the base surface. It is also possible that only a lateral surface of the shape of the main magnetic device is completely or partially covered with the jacket.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the main magnetic devices are connected to form a network magnetically conductive. By the magnetically conductive connection of the main magnetic devices, an amplification of the magnetic flux and thus of the magnetic field can be generated.

To form the network, the array of main magnetic devices may be longitudinally extending to form a linear motor or generator, annular to form a rotary machine, checkerboard, spiral, cruciform, or spherical.

It is preferably provided that the connected main magnetic devices form a Halbach array. Such an arrangement is of particular advantage, since the magnetic fluxes on one side of the main magnetic devices, namely on the side facing away from the first side of the main magnetic devices almost completely extinguish and thus on the first side of the main magnetic devices a much stronger magnetic flux and thus a stronger Magnetic field is generated.

For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the end sections of the main magnetic devices facing away from the respective first side are connected to one another. The end portions are thus on the second side of the main magnetic devices.

The connection of two main magnetic devices may for example consist of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a ferromagnetic material, and have a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical shape may, for example, have a diamond-shaped or hexagonal cross-section. The hexagonal cross section may be even or uneven, for example, with four equal sides and two shorter, opposite sides. Such compounds have proven to be very good magnetic conductors.

In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the connection between two main magnet devices takes place via at least one connecting magnet device. In other words, the magnetic connection between two main magnetic devices takes place via a connecting magnet device, which can likewise generate a magnetic flux and thus a magnetic field. It has been found that in this way the magnetic field generated by the main magnetic devices can be advantageously amplified.

In this case, it can be provided that the at least one connecting magnet device tapers in each case toward the main magnet devices which connects them. It has been found that, in such a configuration of the connection magnet devices, magnetic field concentration lines are formed in the connection magnet devices, extending from a tapered portion of the connection magnet means to the other tapered portion, and thus from one main magnet device to the other. As a result, the magnetically conductive connection between the main magnetic devices is particularly advantageous. Alternatively, the connection magnet devices can also be cylindrical, for example circular-cylindrical or in prismatic form with, for example, a quadrangular base area. The at least one connecting magnet device can also have a cylindrical shape with a rhombic or hexagonal cross section. The hexagonal cross section may be even or uneven, for example, with four equal sides and two shorter, opposite sides. Such connection magnet devices have proven to be advantageous for the transmission of the magnetic flux.

The connection magnet devices can in particular be designed symmetrically, preferably point-symmetrically. The connection magnet devices preferably have the shape of a platonic body or a portion of a platonic body. Preferably, the connection magnet devices each have the shape of an oloid, an octahedron, a double pyramid, a double tetrahedron or a double pyramid, or portions of one of these bodies.

Two adjacent main magnetic devices may also be connected via a plurality of connection magnet devices, wherein the connection magnet devices are arranged parallel to each other or in series. By way of example, the connection magnet devices may be in the form of a plurality of octahedron sections arranged side by side. In this case, even several hundred or several thousand octahedral sections can be lined up. Such connecting magnet devices have proven to be advantageous for the transmission of the magnetic flux.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one connecting magnet device or the plurality of connecting magnet devices each comprise or have a sheathing made of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a ferromagnetic material, and / or electrically conductive material. The sheath of the connection magnet devices is comparable to the sheath of the main magnet devices. By means of the jacket it is achieved that the magnetic flux can not leave a connecting magnet device on the surfaces covered by the jacket, but is returned via the jacket, so that the magnetic flux can be conducted with low losses.

It can be provided that the sheath covers the second side of the at least one connecting magnet device or the plurality of connecting magnet devices, wherein the second side is the side facing away from the stator side of the connecting magnet device or connecting magnet devices and / or at the stator arranged main magnet means is the side facing away from the rotor side of the connecting magnet means or connecting magnet means. By such a design of the sheath leakage of the magnetic flux is prevented at the side facing away from the stator or rotor side of the connecting magnet means, whereas on the stator or rotor side facing on which a magnetic field is to be generated, an exit of the magnetic flux is allowed at least in part from the connecting magnet device. The sheath can thus - comparable to the sheath of the main magnetic device - cover only a portion of the connecting magnet device, for example, parts of a lateral surface of the connecting magnet device.

It can also be provided that the sheathing is arranged on the first side of the at least one connecting magnet device or the plurality of connecting magnet devices, the first side being the stator-facing side of the connecting magnet device or connecting magnet devices in the case of the main magnet devices arranged on the rotor Stator arranged main magnetic means is the rotor-facing side of the connecting magnet means or connecting magnet means. The magnetic flux can thus not escape on the stator or rotor side facing the connecting magnet means and an exit is largely permitted only at the main magnetic devices.

The connection magnet devices can be designed as permanent magnets or as electropermanent magnets. Alternatively, the connection magnet devices can also be designed as electromagnets. In this case, the connection magnet devices can each be formed from one or more coils. It has been found that, for example, two separately controllable coils lying on top of each other Connection magnet means are arranged, can generate a particularly strong magnetic flux.

It may be provided that the electromagnets of the connecting magnet devices each have a core, which is ferromagnetic, for example. Cores, especially ferromagnetic cores, can particularly enhance the magnetic flux generated by the electromagnets.

It can be provided that the core of the connecting magnet device has a shape adapted to the geometric shape of the connecting magnet device. For example, the core may have a shape that partially corresponds to the shape of the connection magnet device. For example, the core may have an octahedron shape, whereas the shape of the bonding magnet formed by the coils may be in the shape of a portion of an octahedron, since the windings of the coil are only to the top of the octahedron of the core and the coils do not form tapered windings then without core would be.

The sheath can be applied directly to the outside of the coil in a design of the connecting magnet device with permanent magnets or electro-permanent magnet, in the training as an electromagnet.

The invention may also provide, in an advantageous manner, that a connecting magnet device is connected to the main magnet devices via connecting elements. The connecting elements are preferably formed magnetically conductive. The connecting elements can be ferromagnetic. It can be provided that the connecting elements are respectively connected to the cores of the connecting magnet devices. In a main magnetic device, which is designed as a solenoid with core, the connecting elements may also be connected to the core of the main magnetic device.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the main magnetic devices all have the same shape. Of course, it is also possible that the main magnetic devices have different shapes, whereby the shape of the generated magnetic field can be influenced.

The invention may advantageously provide that the main magnetic means are arranged on the stator and are permanent magnets or electro-permanent magnets, wherein the rotor comprises an arrangement of electromagnets or electropermanent magnets or that the main magnetic means are arranged on the rotor and are permanent magnets or electro-permanent magnets, the stator having an arrangement comprising electromagnets or electro-permanent magnets. The arrangement of electromagnets or electro-permanent magnets on the stator or rotor can also form main magnetic devices.

In an embodiment in which the main magnet devices and the connecting magnet device are designed as permanent magnets, the connecting elements can likewise be designed as permanent magnets.

Alternatively it can be provided that the main magnetic devices are electromagnets. In one embodiment of the main magnetic devices as electromagnets or electropermanent magnets can also be provided that the cooperating with the main magnetic devices counterpart of rotor or stator consists of diamagnetic material and thus only the magnetic field generated by the main magnetic devices, which is induced in the diamagnetic material, a generates magnetic effect to drive the rotor.

The use of electro-permanent magnets has been found to be advantageous in electronic machines that produce slower motions or are fed into slower motions.

The electromagnets can each be formed from one or more coils. For example, individual sections of the coils can at least partially form the at least two surface sections. The electromagnets may for example each have a core, which is preferably ferromagnetic.

The design of the main magnetic devices as electromagnets can thus be carried out in comparable form in comparable advantages as in the connection magnet devices.

Preferably, the core has a shape adapted to the geometric shape of the main magnetic device. The core may at least partially have the same geometric shape. In a pyramidal shape of the core, for example, the main magnetic device has the shape of a truncated pyramid, since the coil surrounds the core only to the top of the core and thus the coils do not form their own tip.

Particularly in the case of main magnet devices and / or connection magnet devices, which are the Form of a pyramid, a Russian pyramid, an oloid, a tetrahedron or a stump of these forms, it has been found that there is a magnetic field concentration point in which meet the magnetic field concentration lines. It has also been found that the arrangement of diamagnetic or paramagnetic material in the magnetic field concentration point causes amplification of the magnetic flux. The invention can therefore provide that diamagnetic or paramagnetic material is arranged in the magnetic field concentration points of the main magnet devices and / or the connecting magnet devices. The diamagnetic or paramagnetic material may for example be introduced as a small body in the core or the magnet and, for example, have the same shape as the main magnetic means or the core of the main magnetic means. Also, the diamagnetic material may for example have a spherical shape.

The arrangement of the diamagnetic or paramagnetic material in the magnetic field concentration point of a main magnetic device also has independent inventive significance, i. that such a magnetic device can also be realized detached from the invention of the electric machine. Magnetic devices, for example electromagnets or electro-permanent magnets, which have the abovementioned shape of the main magnetic devices, can therefore also be realized, wherein diamagnetic or paramagnetic material is arranged in the magnetic field concentration point formed. Such magnetic devices can be used in a variety of applications, for example as holding magnets, solenoids, magnets for separation or the like.

Magnetic devices made of permanent magnets in the form of a pyramid, a Russian pyramid, an oloid, a tetrahedron or a stump of these forms, it can be provided that in the magnetic field concentration point, a body is arranged, consisting of a permanent magnet, the higher quality ( strength magnetization) than the permanent magnet surrounding the body. This also makes it possible to easily increase the magnetic flux of the magnetic device.

In the electric machine according to the invention can also be provided that the rotor is levitated, i. that the rotor is mounted without contact via the magnetic field generated by the stator. As a result, friction losses due to rolling or plain bearings, which are usually used for the storage of a rotor avoided. In this case, an electrodynamic bearing can be used in which, for example, an arrangement of a plurality of main magnetic devices is formed on the stator and the main magnetic devices taper towards a first side facing the rotor. The main magnetic devices may be the main magnetic devices of the electric machine or separate main magnetic devices. The rotor may comprise at least a portion of an electrically conductive, non-magnetic material, for example a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material, which cooperates with the magnetic field formed by the main magnetic means. The magnetic field induces eddy currents in the moving rotor causing magnetic forces to support the rotor. The main magnetic devices in such a storage, in particular permanent magnets or electro-permanent magnets, which are preferably arranged in the manner described above as a Halbach array. Such a dynamic storage may be a rotary bearing or a linear bearing. In principle, the arrangement can also be reversed, so that the stator has at least one section of an electrically conductive, non-magnetic material, for example a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material, and the rotor has the main magnetic devices.

The use of the inventive arrangement of the main magnetic devices, in particular in the manner described above in an arrangement as a Halbach array with connecting magnet means for electrodynamic bearings also has independent inventive meaning and is therefore independent of the electrical machine according to the invention feasible.

The embodiment of a magnetic device, such as a permanent magnet, a Elektropermanentmagneten or an electromagnet, which tapers to one side and having a sheath of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a ferromagnetic material, and / or electric current conductive material, the magnetic device partially covered, also has independent inventive importance and is thus independent of the electrical machine according to the invention feasible. Such a jacket has been found to be particularly advantageous, since over the jacket, an amplification of the magnetic flux and thus the magnetic field can be achieved. This is achieved in that the magnetic flux can not leave a magnetic device on the surfaces covered by the jacket, but is returned via the jacket.

It can be provided that the jacket preferably completely covers one side of the magnetic device. Thus, an exit of the magnetic flux on this side of the main magnetic devices are almost completely prevented, so that on a different, uncovered side of the magnetic device, a much stronger magnetic flux and thus a stronger magnetic field can be generated. The magnet device may basically have the shapes previously described with respect to the main magnet devices. In a magnetic device having a pyramid or truncated pyramid shape, for example, only the base surface may be covered with the jacket. It may be covered by the jacket only a portion of the magnetic device, so that an asymmetric magnetic field can be generated.

The jacket can cover the magnetic device almost completely, leaving only a section uncovered, through which a magnetic flux can escape. The jacket of the magnetic device has the effects and advantages previously described with respect to the cladding of the main magnetic devices.

An embodiment of a connecting device, for example a connecting magnet device, for conducting magnetic fluxes with a sheath of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a ferromagnetic material, and / or electric current conducting material also has independent inventive significance and is therefore independent of the electric machine according to the invention realizable. For example, the connecting device may consist of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a ferromagnetic material.

The connecting device may have a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical shape may, for example, have a diamond-shaped or hexagonal cross-section. Such compounds have proven to be very good magnetic conductors. For example, connecting device which is designed as a connecting magnet means and, for example, is designed as a permanent magnet, permanent magnet or electro-magnetic, the shape of several juxtaposed octahedral sections, which are each completely covered with the sheath have. Such connection magnet devices have proven to be advantageous for the transmission of a magnetic flux. The sheath of the connecting device has the effects and advantages described above with respect to the sheath of the connecting magnet devices of the electric machine according to the invention.

A preferred embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention comprises truncated pyramidal main magnetic devices, which are designed as electromagnets with pyramidal cores. The connection magnet devices have the shape of a portion of an octahedron and are also formed as electromagnets. They preferably have an octahedral core. Two adjacent main magnetic devices are connected to each other via two or three connecting magnet devices, so that a parallel connection is formed. In this case, the connecting magnet devices are preferably each connected to corners of the main magnet devices, preferably in each case via connecting elements. In this case, the connecting elements preferably connect the cores of the main magnet devices and connecting magnet devices.

The electrical machine according to the invention has the advantage that the main magnet devices and / or the connection magnet devices can generate a much stronger magnetic field due to their special shape in comparison to conventional cuboid magnet devices. As a result, less energy is needed to produce a magnetic strength equal to that of the prior art, and / or electromagnets having a smaller number of turns can be used. When using permanent magnets smaller permanent magnets can be used in comparison to the prior art, so that a weight reduction can take place.

• 1 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine,
• 2 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer Anordnung von Hauptmagneteinrichtungen und Verbindungsmagneteinrichtungen für ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine,
• 3A eine zweite Anordnung von Hauptmagneteinrichtungen und Verbindungsmagneteinrichtungen für ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine,
• 3B die Ausgestaltung der Kerne der Hauptmagneteinrichtungen und Verbindungsmagneteinrichtungen gemäß 3A,
• 4A eine Anordnung von Hauptmagneteinrichtungen eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine,
• 4B die Ausgestaltung der Kerne der Hauptmagneteinrichtung nach 4A,
• 5a eine schematische Einzeldarstellung einer Hauptmagneteinrichtung,
• 5b eine Ausgestaltung des Kerns der Hauptmagneteinrichtung der 5a.
• 6 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Hauptmagneteinrichtung mit Mantel,
• 7a schematische Schnittdarstellungen von und 7b Verbindungmagneteinrichtung mit Mantel und
• 8 eine schematische Schnittdarstellungen eine Verbindungseinrichtung zur Leitung von magnetischen Fluss

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show it:

• 1 a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention,
• 2 a schematic perspective view of an arrangement of main magnetic devices and connecting magnetic devices for an embodiment of the electrical machine according to the invention,
• 3A a second arrangement of main magnetic devices and connecting magnet devices for a further embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention,
• 3B the configuration of the cores of the main magnetic devices and connecting magnetic devices according to 3A .
• 4A an arrangement of main magnetic devices of a further embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention,
• 4B the design of the cores of the main magnetic device according to 4A .
• 5a a schematic single representation of a main magnetic device,
• 5b an embodiment of the core of the main magnetic device of 5a ,
• 6 a schematic sectional view of a main magnetic device with jacket,
• 7a schematic sectional views of and 7b connecting magnet device with sheath and
• 8th a schematic sectional view of a connecting device for conducting magnetic flux

In 1 is a schematic representation of an electrical machine according to the invention shown in partial section.

The electric machine has a stator 3 and a runner 4 which is designed as a rotor on. The stator 3 surrounds the runner in a circle. The electric machine can be designed as a motor or as a generator.

The runner 4 is connected to a shaft, not shown, which represents the output in the case of a motor and in the case of a generator is the drive shaft.

The stator 3 has an arrangement of a plurality of main magnetic devices 5 on. The main magnetic devices 5 of the stator are in the 1 shown only schematically. More concrete embodiments of the main magnetic devices are in the 2 - 5b shown.

At the runner 4 are magnetic devices 7 arranged, which may also be main magnetic devices.

The main magnetic devices 5 of the stator 3 are electromagnets. The magnetic devices 7 of the runner 4 are permanent magnets. The main magnetic devices 5 For example, are connected to a three-phase power source, so that a continuous magnetic field is generated that the magnetic devices 7 attracts and thus a rotational movement of the runner 4 is caused.

The main magnetic devices 5 rejuvenate to a first page 5a out, with the first page 5a the main magnetic devices that the rotor 4 facing side is. The magnetic devices 7 are to the the stator 3 facing side tapered.

It has been found that by the tapered design of the main magnetic devices 5 on the tapered side, a stronger magnetic field can be generated compared to conventional block magnet shapes. Also, the tapered designed permanent magnets of the magnetic devices 7 generate on the tapered side a stronger magnetic field than parallelepiped permanent magnets.

In 2 is an embodiment of the arrangement of some main magnetic devices 5 shown schematically in a perspective view. The main magnetic devices 5 of the 2 For example, some of the main magnetic devices 5 of the stator 3 of the 1 be. The main magnetic devices 5 are arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction for ease of illustration. For an arrangement on a stator according to the 1 Of course, a curvature of the arrangement would have to be realized.

The main magnetic devices 5 are connected to each other via connection magnet devices 9 to form a network. The connection magnet devices 9 are magnetically conductive and can also generate a magnetic field. To connect the connection magnet devices 9 with the main magnetic devices are connecting elements 11 intended.

The main magnetic devices 5 are designed as electromagnets, wherein a core 13 , which consists for example of ferromagnetic material, of schematically illustrated coils 15 is wrapped. The one from the coils 15 caused form of the main magnetic devices 5 each have four surface sections 5b on, referring to the first page 5a rejuvenate and are congruent to each other. In the in the 2 illustrated embodiment, the main magnetic device each have the shape of a truncated pyramid.

The connection magnet devices 9 are also designed as electromagnets and each have a core 17 on. The core 17 is of coils 19, which in 2 are schematically shown, wrapped, wherein the coils 19 the shape of the connecting magnet devices 9 pretend. The connection magnet devices 9 each have one to the main magnetic devices 5 tapered shape and have a symmetrical shape. In the illustrated embodiment, the connection magnet devices 9 the shape of a section of an octahedron. It has been found that such a configuration of the connecting magnet devices is particularly advantageous for the conduction of the magnetic field between the main magnet devices 5 is.

The connecting elements 11 each connect the cores 13 and 17 the main magnetic devices 5 or connecting magnet device 19 ,

At the in 2 illustrated embodiment are two adjacent main magnetic devices 5 each by two connecting magnet devices 9 connected. There are each corners 5c the main magnetic device 5 by means of the connecting magnet device 9 and the connecting elements 11 connected with each other. Due to the special shape of the main magnetic devices 5 become in the main magnetic devices 5 Magnetic constellation lines formed by the corners 5c extending to a point in the middle and from there towards the first page 5a , Therefore, the connection is over the corners 5c of particular advantage, since thus the magnetic field concentration lines of the adjacent main magnetic devices 5 connected to each other.

The special form of the connecting magnet device 9 is also advantageous because the truncated octahedron shape also forms a magnetic field concentration line in the center of the octahedron, so that it, for the connection of the magnetic field concentration lines of the main magnetic devices 5 can serve.

The connection magnet devices 9 are about the fasteners 11 each at end sections 5d the main magnetic devices 5 connected, with the end sections 5d on the from the first page 5a remote from the second side of the main magnetic devices 5 are located. It can thereby be achieved that by the arrangement of the main magnetic devices 5 a so-called Halbach array is formed, in which on the from the first page 5a opposite side of the main magnetic connection means almost no magnetic field outside the main magnetic means 5 is generated or this extinguished and thereby on the first page 5a for example, the runner 3 facing, an amplified magnetic field is generated.

In principle, the design of the main magnetic device is also 5 in the form of a Doppelpyramidenstumpfes possible, so that the main magnetic devices 5 are connected in the middle. However, such a configuration has the disadvantage that in comparison to a truncated pyramid not so strong Halbach array is formed, since on both sides of the main magnetic device 5 a magnetic field escapes and thus the magnetic field, which faces the rotor, is weaker than in a truncated pyramid. Such embodiments are advantageous, for example, in embodiments of the electric machine according to the invention with a plurality of rotors which surround the stator on both sides. Also, such a configuration over conventional magnet arrangements of advantage, since the on the first page 5a emerging magnetic flux against the magnetic flux of conventional cuboid magnets is still stronger.

In 3a is a second embodiment of an arrangement of main magnetic devices 5 shown.

This in 3a embodiment shown differs from that in 2 illustrated embodiment substantially by the shape of the main magnetic devices 5 and the connection magnet devices 9 , The main magnetic devices 5 are in the in 3 illustrated embodiment also formed truncated pyramid, wherein the truncated pyramid shape, the main magnetic device 5 at the in 3a illustrated embodiment has a Polygonengrundfläche having four outer corners and four inner corners. The truncated pyramid shape is thus "constricted" in its surfaces. The main magnetic devices 5 thus have eight surface sections 5b on, with four surface sections 5b are the same and the other surface sections mirrored to the surface sections 5b are. The inwardly directed corners forming surface sections 5b For example, they can have an angle between 1 and 3 °.

The connection magnet devices 9 are comparably trained. The connection magnet devices 9 have a modification of a portion of an octahedron shape. Again, the side surfaces on a "constriction" on. The shape of the connecting magnet devices 9 is thus a double pyramidal stump. The angle between the surface portions forming an inner corner may also be between 1 and 3 °.

It has been found that such a configuration of the main magnetic device 5 and the connection magnet device 9 is of particular advantage, since thereby the magnetic field concentration lines are formed in a particularly advantageous manner.

In 3b are the cores 13 the main magnetic device 5 as well as the cores 17 the connection magnet devices 9 shown schematically. How out 3b it can be seen connect the connecting elements 11 the cores 13 the main magnetic devices 5 and the cores 17 the connection magnet devices 9 , The cores 13 the main magnetic devices 5 are formed pyramid-shaped. The truncated pyramid shape of the main magnetic device 5 results from the fact that the coils 15 only up to the top of the cores 13 are wound.

The cores 13 the main magnetic devices 5 and the cores 17 the connection magnet devices 9 thus essentially give the shape of the main magnetic devices 5 or the connection magnet devices 9 in front.

The connecting elements 11 are not wrapped. They can for example consist of a ferromagnetic material.

In a non-illustrated embodiment, the main magnetic means exist 5 and the connection magnet device 9 made of permanent magnets. These permanent magnets can take the form of in 3b have shown cores 13,17, so that in 3B also shown shape for the design of the main magnetic devices 5 and connecting magnet devices 9 can serve as permanent magnets.

In 4a and 4b is another embodiment of an arrangement of the main magnetic devices 5 the electric machine according to the invention 1 shown. In 4A Here are the main magnetic devices 5 and connecting magnet devices 9 each as an electromagnet with a means of a coil 15 respectively. 19 wrapped core 13 respectively. 17 educated. The cores 13 respectively. 17 are in the 4b shown schematically. The cores 13, 17 each have the shape of an oloid. The cores 13 the main magnetic device 5 are there with the edge formed by the oloid to the first page 5a directed, whereas the cores 17b "Lying" are arranged.

It has been found that the arrangement of the main magnetic devices 5 and connecting magnetic devices 9 according to the 4a in a particularly advantageous manner yields a Halbach array. The direction of the magnetic fluxes is in the 4a schematically indicated by arrows.

The in the 2 to 4b shown arrangements of the main magnetic devices 5 and connecting magnet devices 9 can also be used for the realization of electrodynamic bearings thus for other purposes than electrical machines. The structure of the electrodynamic bearing can be similar to that in the 1 be shown construction. The main magnetic devices 5 and connecting magnet devices 9 For example, as Halbach array rotationally symmetric on a stator 3 around a runner 4 of electrically conductive, non-magnetic material, for example a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material, for example copper or aluminum, to be arranged with that through the main magnetic devices 5 formed magnetic field interacts. The magnetic field induces in the rotating rotor 4 Eddy currents, causing magnetic forces to support the rotor 4 be generated. In principle, the arrangement can also be reversed, so that the main magnetic devices 5 and connecting magnet devices 9 on the runner 4 are arranged and the stator 3 at least partially made of electrically conductive, non-magnetic material, for example a diamagnetic or paramagnetic material

In 5a is a single main magnet device 5 shown schematically. The main magnet device 5 again has a core 13 on that in 5B is shown. The core 13 is from a coil 15 wrapped. The main magnet device 5 of in 5a illustrated embodiment has the shape of a stump of a Russian pyramid. Accordingly, the core points 13 the shape of a Russian pyramid. Such a form has proven to be particularly advantageous. In the core 13 the main magnetic device 5 arise magnetic field concentration lines 21 that extend from all corners and meet at a magnetic field concentration point 23. In this point, according to one embodiment of the invention, a body 25 arranged from diamagnetic or paramagnetic material. The body is at the in 5b illustrated embodiment spherical. It has been found that the arrangement of such a body in the magnetic field concentration point 23 the one on the side 5a can increase leaving magnetic flux.

In 5a is a single main magnet device 5 shown schematically. The main magnet device 5 again has a core 13 and one the core 13 surrounding coil 15 on. To the coil is a coat 27 made of ferromagnetic material, which is the coil 15 almost completely covered. Only the first page 5a facing surface is uncovered. The uncovered end region allows the magnetic field to exit on the first side 5a , The of the coat 27 covered surfaces can prevent leakage of the magnetic flux, so that a kind of concentration of the magnetic flux takes place on the uncovered end region and at this a multiple amplified magnetic flux can escape. As indicated by the arrows, the magnetic flux exits the coil 15 out and over the coat 27 passed to the core, whereby the gain is effected.

The in the 5a . 5b and 6 illustrated embodiment of the magnetic device is also independent of the electrical machine described above 1 realizable. Such a magnetic device can thus also be used for other purposes as electrical machines.

In the 7a and 7b are connection magnet devices 9 schematically shown individually in section. In the 7a illustrated connection magnet device 9 essentially owns the structure of in 2 shown connection magnetic devices 9 with a core 17 and a coil 19 which have the shape of an octahedral section. In addition, the in 7a illustrated connection magnet device 9 but a sheath 29 made of a ferromagnetic material that supports the coil 19 covered. The jacket 29 has an effect comparable to the above-described jacket 27 and improves the performance of the magnetic flux through the connecting magnet device 9 , In 7b is the connection magnet device 9 modified in that it consists of several juxtaposed octahedral sections.

8th shows a connection device 9a , which can serve for the connection between two magnetic devices, in particular two main magnetic devices. The connection device 9a does not generate any magnetic field and has a cylindrical shape. It consists of a ferromagnetic material. The cylindrical shape may have a hexagonal cross section, the cross section being nonuniform with four equal sides and two shorter, opposite sides. Such connecting means have proven to be very good magnetic conductors.

The in the 7a . 7b and 8th illustrated embodiment of the connecting magnet device 9 or connecting device 9a is also independent of the electrical machine described above 1 realizable. Such a connecting magnet device or connecting device can thus also be used for other purposes as electrical machines.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2016/0164353 A1 [0007]

Claims (30)

An electric machine having at least one stator and at least one rotor cooperating with the stator, wherein the stator and / or the rotor comprises an arrangement of a plurality of main magnetic devices, characterized in that the main magnetic devices taper towards a first side, wherein the first side at The rotor arranged main magnet means is the side facing the stator and / or arranged at the stator main magnet means is the side facing the rotor. Electric machine after Claim 1 characterized in that the main magnetic means each have a shape each having at least two surface portions tapering toward the first side, the at least two surface portions being congruent to each other. Electric machine after Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the shape of the main magnetic means is in the form of a tetrahedron, a double tetrahedron, a pyramid, a double pyramid, an oloid, an octahedron, a wedge, a tetrahedral stump, a double tetrahedral stump, a truncated pyramid, a double pyramid stump, an oid stump, an octahedron, or an obelisk. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the main magnetic means each comprise a sheath of a magnetic and / or electrical current-conducting material which partially covers the main magnetic means. Electric machine after Claim 4 , characterized in that the jacket covers a second side of the main magnetic devices, wherein the second side is arranged on the rotor main magnetic devices facing away from the stator side of the main magnetic devices and / or arranged on the stator main magnetic devices is remote from the rotor side of the main magnetic devices , Electric machine after Claim 4 or 5 characterized in that the cladding partially covers the first side of the main magnetic means and an end portion remains uncovered by the cladding, the end portion facing the stator with main magnetic means disposed on the slider and / or facing the rotor with main magnetic means disposed on the stator. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the main magnetic means for forming network are magnetically connected to each other. Electric machine after Claim 7 , characterized in that the connected main magnetic means form a Halbach array. Electric machine after Claim 7 or 8th , characterized in that the end portions facing away from the respective first side of the main magnetic means are interconnected. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 7 to 9 , characterized in that the connection between two main magnetic devices via at least one connecting magnet means. Electric machine after Claim 10 characterized in that the at least one connecting magnet means tapers toward the main magnetic means connecting them, respectively. Electric machine after Claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that two main magnetic means are connected via a plurality of connection magnetic means, wherein the connection magnetic means are arranged parallel to each other or in series. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 10 to 12 , characterized in that the at least one connecting magnet device or the plurality of connecting magnet devices each comprise or have a sheathing of a ferromagnetic and / or electrical current-conducting material. Electric machine after Claim 13 characterized in that the sheathing covers the second side of the at least one connecting magnet device or the plurality of connecting magnet devices, the second side being the side of the connecting magnet device or connecting magnet devices facing away from the stator and / or being arranged on the stator when the main magnet devices are arranged on the rotor Main magnet means is the side facing away from the rotor side of the connecting magnet means or connecting magnet means. Electric machine after Claim 14 , characterized in that the sheath is the first side of the at least one connecting magnet device or the plurality of In the case of main magnetic devices arranged on the rotor, the first side is the side of the connecting magnet device or connecting magnet devices facing the stator and / or the main magnet device located on the stator is the side of the connecting magnet device or connecting magnet devices facing the rotor. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 10 to 15 , characterized in that the connecting magnet means each have the shape of a platonic body or a portion of a platonic body. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 10 to 15 , characterized in that the connecting magnet means each have a cylindrical shape with diamond-shaped or hexagonal cross-section. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 10 to 17 , characterized in that the connecting magnet means are formed as permanent magnets or as Elektropermanentmagnete. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 10 to 18 , characterized in that the connecting magnet means are designed as electromagnets. Electric machine after Claim 19 , characterized in that the electromagnets of the connecting magnet devices are each formed from one or more coils. Electric machine after Claim 20 , characterized in that the electromagnets of the connecting magnet devices each have a core. Electric machine after Claim 21 Characterized in that the cores of the compound magnet devices each having a shape adapted to the geometric form of the compound magnet device form. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 10 to 22 , characterized in that the connecting magnet means is connected via connecting elements with the main magnetic means. Electric machine after Claim 23 , characterized in that the connecting elements consist of a ferromagnetic or magnetically conductive material or are permanent magnets. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 24 , characterized in that the main magnetic means are identical. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 18 characterized in that the main magnetic means are arranged on the stator and are permanent magnets or electropermanent magnets, the rotor having an arrangement of electromagnets or electropermanent magnets or the main magnetic means are arranged on the rotor and are permanent magnets or electropermanent magnets, the stator being an arrangement of electromagnets or electropermanent magnets having. Electric machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 26 , characterized in that the main magnetic means are electromagnets. Electric machine after Claim 27 , characterized in that the electromagnets are each formed from one or more coils. Electric machine after Claim 28 , characterized in that the electromagnets each have a core. Electric machine after Claim 29 , characterized in that the core has a shape adapted to the geometric shape of the main magnetic device.

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