DE202016100447U1 - Filter for cleaning water - Google Patents
Filter for cleaning water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE202016100447U1 DE202016100447U1 DE202016100447.0U DE202016100447U DE202016100447U1 DE 202016100447 U1 DE202016100447 U1 DE 202016100447U1 DE 202016100447 U DE202016100447 U DE 202016100447U DE 202016100447 U1 DE202016100447 U1 DE 202016100447U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- filter layer
- water
- filter according
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000598 endocrine disruptor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000049 endocrine disruptor Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002124 endocrine Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000507 endocrine disrupting Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N Thyrolar Chemical class IC1=CC(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC=C(O)C(I)=C1 AUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940039231 contrast media Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003054 hormonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023488 pill Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005495 thyroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940036555 thyroid hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
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- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Filter zur Reinigung von Wasser, umfassend – eine erste Filterlage (1) aus einem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial mit einem in wässriger Umgebung elektrokinetischen Potential (Zeta-Potential), an dem sich im Wasser enthaltene Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Viren und Keime, durch Elektroadsorption anlagern, – eine zweite Filterlage (2) aus einem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial mit einem in wässriger Umgebung elektrokinetischen Potential (Zeta-Potential), an dem sich im Wasser enthaltene Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Viren und Keime, durch Elektroadsorption anlagern, – und eine zwischen der ersten Filterlage (1) und der zweiten Filterlage (2) angeordnete dritte Filterlage (3), welche ein Adsorbens enthält, an dessen Oberfläche sich im Wasser befindliche Partikel oder gelöste Stoffe durch physikalische Adsorption anlagern.Filter for the purification of water, comprising - a first filter layer (1) of an electroactive filter material with an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) in an aqueous environment, to which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, accumulate by electroadsorption, - a second filter layer (2) of an electroactive filter material with an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) in an aqueous environment, in which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, accumulate by electroadsorption, - and between the first filter layer (1) and the second filter layer (2) arranged third filter layer (3) containing an adsorbent, on the surface of which are located in the water particles or dissolved substances by physical adsorption.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Filter zur Reinigung von Wasser. The invention relates to a filter for purifying water.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind unterschiedliche Filter zur Reinigung bzw. Aufbereitung von Wasser, insbesondere von Trinkwasser, bekannt. Mit einem Wasserfilter können bspw. Trübstoffe, Mikroorganismen und unerwünschte, im Wasser gelöste Substanzen entfernt oder zumindest in ihrer Konzentration reduziert werden. Dabei wird zwischen Wasserfiltern unterschieden, die entweder im Wasser enthaltene Partikel mechanisch, aus dem Wasser entfernen, beispielsweise durch Siebtechniken, oder die chemisch-physikalische Effekte zur Entfernung von im Wasser enthaltenen oder gelösten Substanzen ausnutzen. Zu den Wasserfiltern, die Partikel mechanisch aus dem Wasser entfernen, gehören beispielsweise Siebfilter oder Osmosefilter mit einer permeablen Filtermembran mit vorgegebener Porengröße, z.B. Mikro-Ultra- oder Nanofilter, Umkehrosmosemodule oder Filter mit einer körnigen Filterschüttung wie z.B. Kies-, Stein- oder Sandfilter. Durch Filtermembrane lassen sich – je nach Porengröße – Partikel mit einer Partikelgröße im Bereich von einigen nm (Ultrafiltration) bis zu einigen µm (Mikrofiltration) aus dem Wasser abtrennen. Mit Ultrafiltrationsmembranen ist es möglich, Mikroorganismen, deren Durchmesse typischerweise im Bereich von 20 bis 50 nm liegt, aus dem Wasser zu entfernen. Mit Umkehrosmosemodulen können sogar Partikel mit einer Partikelgröße von weniger als 1 nm aus dem Wasser entfernt werden. Allerdings ist hierfür ein hoher Filtrationsdruck erforderlich (10 bis 80 bar). Mikro-Ultra- oder Nanofiltrationsmembrane und RO-Filter weisen einen hohen Strömungswiderstand auf. Different filters for the purification or treatment of water, in particular of drinking water, are known from the prior art. With a water filter, for example, turbid substances, microorganisms and undesired substances dissolved in the water can be removed or at least reduced in their concentration. Here, a distinction is made between water filters, either mechanical particles contained in the water, remove from the water, for example, by sieving techniques, or exploit the chemical-physical effects to remove contained or dissolved in water substances. The water filters which mechanically remove particles from the water include, for example, sieve filters or osmosis filters with a permeable filter membrane of predetermined pore size, e.g. Micro-ultra or nanofilters, reverse osmosis modules or filters with a granular filter bed such as e.g. Gravel, stone or sand filter. Depending on the pore size, particles with a particle size ranging from a few nm (ultrafiltration) to a few μm (microfiltration) can be separated from the water by means of filter membranes. With ultrafiltration membranes, it is possible to remove microorganisms whose diameter is typically in the range of 20 to 50 nm from the water. With reverse osmosis modules even particles with a particle size of less than 1 nm can be removed from the water. However, this requires a high filtration pressure (10 to 80 bar). Micro-ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes and RO filters have high flow resistance.
Im Wasser gelöste Stoffe, insbesondere organische Substanzen, können durch physikalische Adsorption an einem Absorbermaterial, wie z.B. Aktivkohle oder Zeolithe, aus dem Wasser entfernt werden. Wenn es sich bei den im Wasser gelösten Stoffen um Ionen handelt, können diese auch durch Ionenaustausch unter Verwendung eines Ionenaustauschermaterials aus dem Wasser entfernt werden. Weiterhin können elektrostatisch geladene Partikel wie z.B. Mikroorganismen, welche regelmäßig negativ geladen sind, mittels Elektroadsorption an einem elektroaktiven Material, welches in wässrigen Umgebung über ein ZETA-Potential, insbesondere ein elektropositives ZETA-Potential verfügt, aus dem Wasser entfernt werden. Substances dissolved in the water, in particular organic substances, can be obtained by physical adsorption on an absorber material, such as e.g. Activated carbon or zeolites, to be removed from the water. If the substances dissolved in the water are ions, they can also be removed from the water by ion exchange using an ion exchange material. Furthermore, electrostatically charged particles such as e.g. Microorganisms, which are regularly negatively charged, are removed from the water by means of electroadsorption on an electroactive material which has a ZETA potential, in particular an electropositive ZETA potential, in an aqueous environment.
Aus der
Seit Beginn der 1990er-Jahre sind endokrin wirksame Substanzen in Gewässern ins wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Interesse gerückt. Endokrin aktive Substanzen sind Stoffe, die auf die gewöhnliche Hormonaktivität von Mensch und Tier Einfluss nehmen und diese stören können. Wenn die Beeinflussung der endokrin aktiven Substanzen zu Beeinträchtigungen des Hormonsystems führt, werden die Substanzen auch als endokrine Disruptoren bezeichnet. Solche endokrinen Disruptoren können natürlich vorkommen oder auch synthetisch hergestellt werden. Beispiele für endokrine Disruptoren, die teilweise in Lebens- und Futtermitteln und insbesondere im Trinkwasser nachweisbar sind, umfassen Pestizide, Dioxine, PCB und Bisphenol A (BPA). Endokrine Disruptoren können auch durch Pharmazeutika, welche endokrin aktive Substanzen enthalten, wie z.B. die Anti-Baby-Pille, Analgetika, Schilddrüsenhormon-Ersatzpräparate oder Röntgenkontrastmittel über das häusliche oder klinische Abwasser in den Wasserkreislauf gelangen. Häufig wirken solche im Wasser enthaltene Substanzen bereits in geringsten Konzentrationen im µg oder ng-Bereich pro Liter als endokrine Disruptoren. Since the beginning of the 1990s, endocrine-disrupting substances in waters have attracted scientific and public interest. Endocrine-disrupting substances are substances that can influence and disturb the normal hormonal activity of humans and animals. If the influence of the endocrine active substances leads to impairments of the hormone system, the substances are also referred to as endocrine disruptors. Such endocrine disruptors may be naturally occurring or synthetically produced. Examples of endocrine disruptors that are partially detectable in food and feed, and especially in drinking water, include pesticides, dioxins, PCBs and bisphenol A (BPA). Endocrine disruptors may also be affected by pharmaceuticals containing endocrine active substances, e.g. the anti-baby pill, analgesics, thyroid hormone replacement products or X-ray contrast media enter the water cycle via domestic or clinical waste water. Frequently, such substances contained in the water already act in very low concentrations in the μg or ng range per liter as endocrine disruptors.
Zur Entfernung von endokrin aktiven Substanzen oder anderen organischen oder anorganischen Verunreinigungen im Wasser, wie z.B. Spurenstoffe und/oder Mikroschadstoffe, können Wasserfilter auf Basis von Adsorptionsmaterialien, wie z.B. Aktivkohle, eingesetzt werden. Aus der
Eine Verkeimung des Adsorptionsmaterials ist vor allem in Adsorptionsfiltern auf Aktivkohle-Basis zu beobachten. Dort können die im Trinkwasser suspendierten Mikroorganismen, wie Bakterien, Viren und gelegentlich auch niedere Pilze, das Adsorptionsmaterial besiedeln. So können bspw. bereits nach relativ kurzer Betriebsdauer Mikrokolonien und ganze Biofilme das Aktivkohlegranulat in einem Festbettfilter überziehen. Je nach Nährstoffgehalt des Rohwassers können sich Biofilme unterschiedlicher Ausprägung ausbilden. Der Grund für die rasche Ausbreitung von Mikroorganismen in solchen Adsorptionsfiltern ist die gute Wegsamkeit der mit relativ großen Zwischenräumen versehenen Aktivkohleschüttungen. Die in einem solchen Biofilm eingebetteten Mikroorganismen sind überdies auch in der Lage, bereits in der Aktivkohle aus dem zu filtrierenden Wasser adsorbierte Verbindungen als Nährstoffquelle zu nutzen. Wurden solche Substanzen nach längerem Betrieb des Filters am Adsorptionsmaterial akkumuliert, kann dies die Entwicklung von Biofilm noch zusätzlich fördern. Wird die Aktivkohle in einem Aktivkohlefilter nicht ständig von Rohwasser durchströmt, besteht ein besonders großes Verkeimungsrisiko, denn es bildet sich dann auf der Oberfläche der Aktivkohle ein feuchtes Milieu aus, das ideale Bedingungen für die Vermehrung von Keimen bietet. Aus diesen Gründen sind Adsorptionsfilter auf Aktivkohlebasis zwar sehr geeignet für die Entfernung von Spurenstoffen, Mikroschadstoffen und endokrinen Disruptoren aus Wasser, bergen jedoch ein hohes Verkeimungsrisiko. Microbial contamination of the adsorption material can be observed, above all, in activated carbon-based adsorption filters. There, the microorganisms suspended in the drinking water, such as bacteria, viruses and occasionally also lower fungi, can colonize the adsorption material. For example, even after a relatively short period of operation, microcolonies and entire biofilms can coat the activated charcoal granulate in a fixed-bed filter. Depending on the nutrient content of the raw water biofilms of different characteristics can be formed. The reason for the rapid spread of microorganisms in such adsorption filters is the good pathway of the relatively large interspaces activated carbon beds. Moreover, the microorganisms embedded in such a biofilm are also able to use compounds already adsorbed in the activated carbon from the water to be filtered as a nutrient source. If such substances have accumulated on the adsorption material after prolonged operation of the filter, this can additionally promote the development of biofilm. If the activated carbon in an activated carbon filter is not constantly flowed through by raw water, there is a particularly high risk of contamination, because it then forms on the surface of the activated carbon a moist environment, which offers ideal conditions for the propagation of germs. For these reasons, adsorption filters based on activated charcoal are very suitable for the removal of micropollutants, micropollutants and endocrine disruptors from water, but carry a high risk of contamination.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, Filter zur Reinigung von Wasser aufzuzeigen, mit denen sowohl eine Desinfizierung bzw. Sterilisierung des Wassers als auch die zuverlässige Entfernung von anorganischen oder organischen Verunreinigungen, wie z.B. Spurenstoffe und endokrine Disruptoren ermöglicht wird. On this basis, the object of the invention is to provide filters for purifying water, with which both a disinfection or sterilization of the water and the reliable removal of inorganic or organic impurities, such as e.g. Trace substances and endocrine disruptors is made possible.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Filter zur Reinigung von Wasser mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Filters sind den abhängigen Ansprüche zu entnehmen. This object is achieved with a filter for purifying water with the features of
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter umfasst eine erste Filterlage und eine zweite Filterlage, wobei die erste und die zweite Filterlage jeweils aus einem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial mit einem in wässriger Umgebung elektrokinetischen Potenzial (ZETA-Potential) gebildet sind, an dem sich im Wasser enthaltene Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Viren und Keime, durch Elektroadsorption anlagern. Der erfindungsgemäße Filter umfasst weiterhin eine Dritte Filterlage, welche zwischen der erste und der zweiten Filterlage angeordnet ist und ein Adsorbens enthält, an dessen Oberfläche sich im Wasser befindliche Partikel oder gelöste Stoffe durch physikalische Adsorption anlagern. Der erfindungsgemäße Filter wird von dem zu filtrierenden Wasser so durchströmt, dass das Wasser zunächst die erste Filterlage, danach die dritte Filterlage und schließlich die zweite Filterlage durchströmt. Dabei werden in der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage im Wasser enthaltene Mikroorganismen durch Elektroadsorption an dem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial der ersten bzw. zweiten Filterlage gebunden und dadurch aus dem Wasser entfernt. Beim Durchströmen der zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage angeordneten dritten Filterlage werden im Wasser befindliche unpolare Partikel oder gelöste Stoffe, darunter auch gelöste polare Stoffe, durch physikalische Adsorption an dem Adsorbens der dritten Filterlage gebunden und auf diese Weise aus dem Wasser entfernt. Die physikalische Adsorption erfolgt dabei durch Anreicherung der polaren oder unpolaren Stoffe an der Oberfläche, insbesondere der inneren Oberfläche des Adsorbens. Der erfindungsgemäße Filter ist damit in der Lage, sowohl geladene Partikel, insbesondere negativgeladene Mikroorganismen, als auch ungeladene Partikel und unpolare gelöste Stoffe, insbesondere anorganische oder organische Verunreinigungen wie Spurenstoffe und endokrinaktive Substanzen aus dem Wasser zu entfernen. Dabei wird verhindert, dass das zu filtrierende Wasser durch Verkeimung des Adsorbens der dritten Filterlage mikrobiologisch verunreinigt werden kann. Um dies zu gewährleisten, ist die dritte Filterlage, welche das Adsorbens enthält, zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage angeordnet, welche jeweils ein elektroaktives Filtermaterial enthalten, an dem sich im Wasser enthaltene Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Viren und Keime, durch Elektroadsorption anlagern. Die dritte Filterlage mit dem Adsorbens ist durch diese Anordnung beidseitig, d.h., stromaufwärts und stromabwärts des Filtrierstroms, von dem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial der ersten bzw. der zweiten Filterlage umgeben, weshalb Mikroorganismen, die im Adsorbens der dritten Filterlage durch natürliche Vermehrung entstehen können, nicht aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Filter gelangen und somit das filtrierte Wasser nicht verunreinigen können. Gleichzeitig wird gewährleistet, dass Adsorptionsmaterial aus der zweiten Filterlage aus dem Filter austreten kann, denn etwaige geladene Partikel des Adsorbens, welche von dem Wasserstrom mitgeführt werden, können in der stromabwärtig angeordneten zweiten Filterlage durch Elektroadsorption gebunden werden. Strömungsumkehr erwähnen. The filter according to the invention comprises a first filter layer and a second filter layer, wherein the first and the second filter layer are each formed from an electroactive filter material having an electrokinetic potential (ZETA potential) in an aqueous environment, on which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and Germs, adsorb by electroadsorption. The filter according to the invention further comprises a third filter layer, which is arranged between the first and the second filter layer and contains an adsorbent, on the surface of which particles or solutes present in the water are adsorbed by physical adsorption. The filter according to the invention is flowed through by the water to be filtered so that the water first flows through the first filter layer, then the third filter layer and finally the second filter layer. In this case, microorganisms contained in the water in the first and the second filter layer are bound by electroadsorption to the electroactive filter material of the first or second filter layer and thereby removed from the water. When flowing through the third filter layer arranged between the first and the second filter layer, nonpolar particles or dissolved substances present in the water, including dissolved polar substances, are bound by physical adsorption to the adsorbent of the third filter layer and thus removed from the water. The physical adsorption takes place by enrichment of the polar or non-polar substances on the surface, in particular the inner surface of the adsorbent. The filter according to the invention is thus able to remove both charged particles, in particular negatively charged microorganisms, as well as uncharged particles and non-polar dissolved substances, in particular inorganic or organic impurities such as trace substances and endocrine active substances from the water. This prevents that the water to be filtered can be microbiologically contaminated by bacterial contamination of the adsorbent of the third filter layer. To ensure this, the third filter layer, which contains the adsorbent, disposed between the first and the second filter layer, each containing an electroactive filter material to which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, accumulate by electroadsorption. The third filter layer with the adsorbent is by this arrangement on both sides, ie, upstream and downstream of the Filtrierstroms, surrounded by the electroactive filter material of the first and the second filter layer, which is why microorganisms that can arise in the adsorbent of the third filter layer by natural multiplication, not from reach the filter of the invention and thus can not contaminate the filtered water. At the same time it is ensured that adsorption material from the second filter layer can escape from the filter, because any charged particles of the adsorbent, which are carried by the water stream can be bound in the downstream arranged second filter layer by electroadsorption. Mention flow reversal.
Zur Gewährleistung einer effizienten Elektroadsorption von im Wasser enthaltenen Mikroorganismen an dem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage weißt das elektroaktive Filtermaterial in wässrigen Umgebung und bevorzugt im pH-Bereich von 3 bis 9, insbesondere von 5 bis 8, ein elektropositives Potential (ZETA-Potential) auf. To ensure efficient electroadsorption of microorganisms contained in the water on the electroactive filter material of the First and second filter layer know the electroactive filter material in aqueous environment, and preferably in the pH range of 3 to 9, in particular from 5 to 8, an electropositive potential (ZETA potential).
Bei dem Adsorbens der dritten Filterlage kann es sich beispielsweise um Aktivkohle, Kieselgel oder um ein Zeolith oder auch um eine Kombination dieser Materialien handeln. Das Adsorbens kann dabei zweckmäßig blockförmig oder als Aufschüttung eines Adsorbensgranulats vorliegen. The adsorbent of the third filter layer can be, for example, activated carbon, silica gel or a zeolite or else a combination of these materials. The adsorbent may expediently be in the form of a block or as a bed of adsorbent granules.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Filter zumindest im Wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet, wobei die erste Filterlage radial außen und die zweite Filterlage radial innenliegend angeordnet sind und das zu filtrierende Wasser den Filter radial von außen nach innen durchströmt. Die Filteranordnung bestehend aus der ersten, der zweiten und der dritten Filterlage kann dabei zweckmäßig als zylindrische Kartusche ausgebildet sein, welche die jeweils als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten und koaxial zueinander angeordneten Filterlagen umfasst und in einem Gehäuse angeordnet ist.. Das Gehäuse verfügt dabei zweckmäßig über einen Rohrwasserzulauf und einen Ausgang zur Ableitung des gereinigten Wassers sowie einen im Inneren des Gehäuses angeordneten und mit dem Ausgang verbundenen Sammelkanal, in dem das filtrierte Wasser gesammelt und zum Ausgang geleitet wird. Der Sammelkanal ist dabei zweckmäßig radial innenliegend angeordnet und verläuft in Axialrichtung der Kartusche. Das Rohwasser kann dabei stirnseitig in das Gehäuse einströmen. Hierfür ist an dem Gehäuse stirnseitig ein Anschlussstutzen angeordnet, der den Rohrwasserzulauf enthält. Zwischen der Innenseite des Gehäuses und der radial außenliegenden ersten Filterlage ist zweckmäßig ein mit dem Rohrwasserzulauf in Verbindung stehender Ringkanal zur Verteilung des Rohrwassers in dem Gehäuse angeordnet. Das stirnseitig durch den Rohrwasserzulauf in das Gehäuse einströmende Rohrwasser verteilt sich dabei gleichmäßig in dem Ringkanal, um von dort in radialer Richtung zunächst durch die radial außenliegende erste Filterlage, danach durch die dritten Filterlage und schließlich durch die radial innenliegende zweite Filterlage in den Sammelkanal zu strömen. In a preferred embodiment, the filter according to the invention is at least substantially cylindrical, wherein the first filter layer radially outward and the second filter layer are arranged radially inwardly and the water to be filtered flows through the filter radially from outside to inside. The filter assembly consisting of the first, the second and the third filter layer may be suitably formed as a cylindrical cartridge, which comprises each formed as a hollow cylinder and coaxially arranged filter layers and is arranged in a housing. The housing has expediently a pipe water inlet and an outlet for discharging the purified water, and a collecting channel arranged inside the housing and connected to the outlet, in which the filtered water is collected and sent to the outlet. The collecting channel is expediently arranged radially inwardly and extends in the axial direction of the cartridge. The raw water can flow into the front of the housing. For this purpose, a connection piece is arranged on the front side of the housing, which contains the pipe water inlet. Between the inside of the housing and the radially outer first filter layer expediently arranged with the pipe water inlet in connection ring channel for distributing the pipe water in the housing is arranged. The front side flowing through the pipe water inlet into the housing pipe water is distributed evenly in the annular channel to flow from there in the radial direction, first through the radially outer first filter layer, then through the third filter layer and finally through the radially inner second filter layer into the collection channel ,
Sowohl die erste Filterlage als auch die zweite Filterlage können dabei zweckmäßig aus einem elektroaktiven Filtermaterial mit einem flächigen Trägermaterial gebildet und als Wickelfilter oder als Pliseefilter ausgeformt sein. Dies stellt eine große effektive Filterfläche der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage sowie einen einfachen Aufbau sicher. Das zwischen der ersten Filterlage und der zweiten Filterlage angeordnete Adsorbens der dritten Filterlage kann bspw. als Sinterkörper ausgebildet sein und kann damit zur Regenerierung aus dem Filter entnommen werden. Auch die erste und die zweite Filterlage können aufgrund ihrer Ausbildung als Wickel- oder Pliseefilter bequem aus dem Gehäuse zur Regenerierung bzw. zum Austausch des elektroaktiven Filtermaterials entfernt werden. In this case, both the first filter layer and the second filter layer may expediently be formed from an electroactive filter material with a flat carrier material and shaped as a wound filter or as a pleated filter. This ensures a large effective filter area of the first and second filter layers as well as a simple construction. The adsorbent of the third filter layer arranged between the first filter layer and the second filter layer can be formed, for example, as a sintered body and can thus be removed from the filter for regeneration. Also, the first and the second filter layer can be conveniently removed from the housing for regeneration or replacement of the electroactive filter material due to their training as a winding or Pliseefilter.
Diese und weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitenden Zeichnungen näher beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel. Die Zeichnungen zeigen: These and other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the embodiment described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:
In
Derartige elektroaktive Materialien können beispielsweise durch Textil-Verbundstoffe gebildet sein, welche Metalloxide, insbesondere Aluminiumoxid und/oder Aluminiumhydroxide und/oder Böhmit und/oder Zirkonoxid und/oder Zirkoniumhydroxid enthalten. Das elektroaktive Filtermaterial kann auch ein Silikat, beispielsweise Aluminium- oder Kalzium-Silikat enthalten. Elektroaktive Filtermaterialien, die Silikate wie beispielsweise Aluminium- oder Kalziumsilikate enthalten, sind elektronegativ geladen und können daher auch positiv geladene Partikel aus dem Wasser durch Elektroadsorption am Filtermaterial entfernen. Such electroactive materials may be formed, for example, by textile composites containing metal oxides, in particular aluminum oxide and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or boehmite and / or zirconium oxide and / or zirconium hydroxide. The electroactive filter material may also contain a silicate, for example aluminum or calcium silicate. Electroactive filter materials, the silicates such as aluminum or Contain calcium silicates are loaded electronegatively and therefore can also remove positively charged particles from the water by electroadsorption on the filter material.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist die Ausbildung des Filtermaterials der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage durch ein Gemisch von Mikro- oder Nanoteilchen oder Fasern eines Metalloxids mit einem Trägermaterial gebildet, beispielsweise aus Polymer-, Karbon- oder Glasfasern. Das elektroaktive Filtermaterial der ersten und der zweiten Filterlage kann auch ein keramisches Trägermaterial umfassen, welche mit einer Beschichtung versehen ist, die ein Metalloxid und/oder ein Metallhydroxid und/oder Böhmit oder Zirkonoxid bzw. Zirkoniumhydroxid enthält. Particularly useful is the formation of the filter material of the first and the second filter layer formed by a mixture of micro or nanoparticles or fibers of a metal oxide with a carrier material, for example of polymer, carbon or glass fibers. The electroactive filter material of the first and second filter layers may also comprise a ceramic carrier material provided with a coating containing a metal oxide and / or a metal hydroxide and / or boehmite or zirconium oxide or zirconium hydroxide.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen Filter ist zwischen der ersten Filterlage
Der in
Danach strömt das Wasser durch die zweite Filterlage
Die zweite Filterlage
Die in
Besonders zweckmäßig ist die dritte Filterlage
Die erste Filterlage
In den
In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der
Die erste und die zweite Filterlage
Die Filteranordnung mit den Filterlagen
Wie in
Aus den
Zwischen dem Außenumfang der radial äußeren ersten Filterlage
Zur Filtration von Rohwasser mit der in den
In der beschriebenen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Filters kann die Strömungsrichtung des zu filtrierenden Wassers auch umgekehrt werden, so dass das Rohwasser durch den zentralen Kanal
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- WO 03/000407 A1 [0004, 0004] WO 03/000407 A1 [0004, 0004]
- DE 102013006711 A1 [0006] DE 102013006711 A1 [0006]
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE202016100447.0U DE202016100447U1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2016-01-29 | Filter for cleaning water |
EP17701696.1A EP3408228A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | Cartridge for purification of water by electroactive adsorber material (zeta potential) |
CN201780008565.6A CN108602690A (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | For carrying out clean cylinder to water by electroactive sorbing material (Zeta electric potential) |
PCT/EP2017/051652 WO2017129682A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | Cartridge for purification of water by electroactive adsorber material (zeta potential) |
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DE202016100447.0U DE202016100447U1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2016-01-29 | Filter for cleaning water |
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DE202016100447U1 true DE202016100447U1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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DE202016100447.0U Active DE202016100447U1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2016-01-29 | Filter for cleaning water |
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EP (1) | EP3408228A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108602690A (en) |
DE (1) | DE202016100447U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017129682A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109775916A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-21 | 金冬梅 | A kind of two-dimentional tin filtering device for drinking water of multilayer topology |
WO2020049184A1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Instraction Gmbh | Device for purifying drinking water in multiple stages |
DE102019132319A1 (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-02 | Bwt Ag | Cartridge for the treatment of drinking water as well as process for the enrichment of drinking water with silicon |
WO2021105177A1 (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | Bwt Holding Gmbh | Cartridge for treating drinking water, and method for enriching drinking water with silicon |
RU2795541C2 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-05-04 | Инстракшн Гмбх | Device for multi-stage purification of drinking water |
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CA3157349A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | Wei Liu | Fluid processing in encapsulated porous structures |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020049184A1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Instraction Gmbh | Device for purifying drinking water in multiple stages |
CN112770835A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2021-05-07 | 因思特艾克申有限公司 | Device for purifying drinking water in multiple stages |
RU2795541C2 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-05-04 | Инстракшн Гмбх | Device for multi-stage purification of drinking water |
CN109775916A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-21 | 金冬梅 | A kind of two-dimentional tin filtering device for drinking water of multilayer topology |
CN109775916B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2024-02-23 | 深圳市盈腾美科技有限公司 | Multilayer topology two-dimensional tin drinking water filtering device |
DE102019132319A1 (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-02 | Bwt Ag | Cartridge for the treatment of drinking water as well as process for the enrichment of drinking water with silicon |
WO2021105177A1 (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | Bwt Holding Gmbh | Cartridge for treating drinking water, and method for enriching drinking water with silicon |
DE102019132319B4 (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2023-10-12 | Bwt Ag | Cartridge for enriching drinking water with silicon and its use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3408228A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
CN108602690A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
WO2017129682A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
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