DE202016008233U1 - Orthosis for stabilization of a body joint and modular system for forming an orthosis - Google Patents

Abstract

Orthosis (01, 30) for stabilizing a body joint, with a lower fixation module (02) for fixation on a first body part adjacent to the body joint, in particular on the lower leg or forearm, and with an upper fixation module (03) for fixation to a first body part Body joint adjacent second body part, in particular on the thigh or upper arm, and with at least one Orthesengelenk (05, 06), which connects the lower Fixiermodul (02) and the upper Fixiermodul (03) directly or indirectly with each other, the Orthesengelenk (05, 06) the pivoting of the lower fixing module (02) relative to the upper fixing module (03) about a hinge axis (27), characterized in that the orthosis joints (05, 06) is part of a rigid swing frame (04), wherein the pivot frame (04) two rigid semi-frame parts (07, 08), which are connected by the orthotic joint (05, 06) pivotally connected to each other, and wherein at least one Halbrah menteil (07, 08) of the pivot frame (04) at least one fastening means (13, 14) is provided, with which the pivot frame (04) can be releasably attached to the lower fixing module (02) and / or the upper fixing module (03).

Description

The invention relates to an orthosis for stabilizing a body joint according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a modular system for forming orthoses of different sizes by variable use of the components of the orthosis.

Generic orthoses are used for the stabilization of body joints, but in particular not exclusively for the stabilization of knee joints or elbow joints. The orthoses in each case comprise two fixing modules which can be attached to the body part adjacent to the body joint. If the orthosis is designed, for example, in the manner of a knee orthosis, a fixation module of the orthosis on the thigh and a fixation module on the lower leg are fastened. On the other hand, if the orthosis is designed in the manner of an arm orthosis, then a fixation module is fastened to the upper arm and the other fixation module to the forearm. Generic orthoses are intended in particular for use on body joints with hinge function, as they are present in particular on knee joints and elbow joints. But other types of body joints can be supplied with an orthosis according to the invention in a simple manner in different sizes.

In order to ensure the joint function of the body joint to be stabilized after attachment of the orthosis, the generic orthoses are equipped with one or two orthotic joints, wherein one orthosis joint on the lateral side and the other orthosis joint on the medial side of the body joint is arranged when using two orthotic joints. Knee orthoses usually have two orthotic joints, whereas elbow orthoses usually require only one orthotic joint.

By the orthotic joints, the pivoting of the two fixing modules is realized relative to each other about the hinge axes of the orthotic joints. When attaching the orthosis to the user's body, care must be taken that the articulation axis of the orthotic joints is approximately aligned with the articulation axis of the body joint so that the pivotal movement of the two fixation modules relative to one another may correspond approximately to the pivotal movement of the two body parts adjacent the body joint.

Generic orthoses, namely knee braces, are for example from the EP 0 705 582 A1 and the DE 196 05 734 A1 known.

Depending on the size and constitution of the patient orthoses of different size dimensions are known from the prior art. Thus, there are patients with thick or thin or upper or lower legs, on which the fixing modules of the orthosis must be fixed as non-slip as possible. The size of the knee joint, which must be covered by the orthotic joint, can vary greatly between the different users of an orthosis.

In order to be able to adequately provide patients of different size and constitution with generic orthoses, it is known from the prior art that the orthoses of the same type are manufactured and supplied in different size variants. However, this leads to a very high number of orthotic variants, which must be manufactured by the manufacturer and kept by sales. If, for example, two different sizes of thighs and two different sizes of lower legs and three different sizes of knees are to be supplied with an orthosis, this results in twelve different variants of knee orthoses. If, in addition, each variant of the knee brace requires an additional variant for the right or the left knee, the manufacturer must produce a total of 24 variants (2 × 3 × 2 × 2 = 24) of the knee brace and have it stored by his distributor. The production and storage of this large number of different size variants of a brace of the same type causes high production and distribution costs. It also means that patients often can not be timely supplied because the size variant is often not in stock in many cases.

Based on this prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a new orthosis, which can be variably adapted to different size requirements. It is another object of the present invention to propose a modular system for the formation of such orthoses, with the use of fewer components of different size variants of an orthosis can be realized.

These objects are achieved by an orthosis and a modular system according to the teaching of the independent main claims.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The orthosis according to the invention is based on the basic idea that the orthosis joints for realizing the pivoting function between the two fixing modules are no longer arranged at the ends of the two fixing modules. Instead the orthosis according to the invention provides a rigid swing frame, which in turn forms its own component and thereby realizes the pivot function. The swing frame itself consists of two half-frame parts, which are pivotally connected to each other by the two orthotic joints. On at least one of the two half-frame parts of the pivoting frame, but preferably on both half-frame parts of the pivoting frame, a fastening device is provided with which the pivoting frame can be releasably secured to at least one of the two fixing modules. By means of the detachable fastening device, therefore, the pivoting frame can be removed from at least one of the two fixing modules. If both half-frame parts of the pivoting frame are equipped with a fastening device, then the orthosis according to the invention can be laid as a result in three main components, namely in the two fixing modules and the intermediate pivoting frame. Thus, in the formation of the orthosis, it is possible to variably combine fixation modules of different size dimensions with swing frames of different size dimensions. Different size variants of the orthosis can then be formed by combinatorics of smaller size variants of the different components of the orthosis, namely the two fixing modules and the pivoting frame.

The modular system according to the invention for forming an orthosis comprises at least two lower fixing modules with different size dimensions and / or at least two upper fixing modules with different size dimensions and / or at least two swing frames with different size dimensions, wherein the fastening devices are constructed identically on all pivot frames and thus free with the different fixing modules can be combined. The modular system thus contains at least four basic components, wherein at least the lower fixing module or the upper fixing module or the swing frame must be present in two size variants. If the lower fixing module and the upper fixing module and the pivoting frame are each available in two sizes, eight (2 × 2 × 2 = 8) size variants of an orthosis can be formed with these six individual components by corresponding combinations of the individual components.

As a rule, however, the modular system includes considerably more variations in size of the various components in order to be able to cover a larger range of variations. If the modular system additionally contains in each case a further size variant of a lower fixation module, an upper fixation module and a knee joint, 27 (3 × 3 × 3 = 27) size variants of orthoses already result, which can be formed with these new individual parts. In addition, if the swing frames are usable by turning both right and left body joints, the variants of orthoses that can be covered by the modular system will be doubled.

With what number of fastening devices the pivoting frame is fastened in each case to the opposite fixing module is fundamentally arbitrary. However, it is particularly advantageous if the pivoting frame can be fastened in each case only with a fastening device on the respectively opposite fixing module. To realize this, the two half-frame parts of the pivoting frame can each be formed from two bending-resistant connecting struts and a rigid connecting element. The two connecting struts in each case start from one of the two orthotic joints and connect the orthosis joints rigidly with a common connecting element. This connecting element is located after attachment of the orthosis on the body ventrally in front of or behind the body parts to be fixed with the orthosis, so that the pivotal movement of the swing frame is ensured. At the connecting element of the two half-frame parts in each case then a fastening device for releasably securing the pivoting frame is provided at the two opposite fixing modules.

The structural design of the two half-frame parts with the two bending-resistant connecting struts and the connecting struts connecting rigid connection element is also basically arbitrary. It when the two rigid connecting struts and the rigid connecting element are integrally connected together and each together form a substantially Y-shaped half frame part is particularly advantageous. At the ends of the two branches of the Y-shaped half-frame part are then the two orthotic joints to pivotally connect the two Y-shaped half-frame parts together.

To be able to remove a fixing module from the orthosis according to the invention, the fastening device must be actuated by the user and opened accordingly. Subsequently, another fixing module can be arranged on the pivot frame of the orthosis and permanently fixed by closing the fastening device. In order to simplify the change between different fixing modules on the pivoting frame, it is particularly advantageous if the fastening device can be opened without tools when removing the fixing module from the pivoting frame.

A tool-operated fastening device can be realized in a simple manner by using a latching element, which can be snapped without removing tools from a functionally complementary detent contour when removing one of the two fixing modules from the swing frame by operating an operating element.

In order to reliably exclude an unintentional release of a fixing module from the pivoting frame, an additional securing element can be provided on the tool-free actuatable actuating device, which secures the adjustment of the actuating element against undesired actuation. Such a securing element may for example be designed in the manner of a detachable cover which covers the actuating element from above. Only after removing the cover can then actuate the actuator and the fixing module are removed from the swing frame.

In order to reduce the number of size variants of the pivoting frame in order to form a specific size variance of orthoses, it is particularly advantageous if the pivoting frame has a mirror-symmetrical construction with respect to a center plane passing through the articulation axis of the two orthotic hinges, wherein the two fastening devices on the two half-frame parts of the pivoting frame are constructed identical, and wherein the two half-frame parts of the swing frame can be attached with their respective associated fasteners either on one of the two fixing modules. As a result, it is thereby possible to use the swing frame by rotating the swing frame through 180 ° in two different positional positions with the upper and lower fixing modules, respectively.

In different body joints, especially in the knee joint, a distinction must be made between the right body joint and the left body joint, since the two joint movements differ depending on whether the body joint is located on the left side of the body or on the right side of the body. In order not to have to cover this variance with left orthoses or right orthoses, it is particularly advantageous if the pivoting frame has an asymmetrical construction with respect to a dividing plane extending through the fastening means between the two orthotic joints. This asymmetrical structure of the swing frame is designed so that, by the rotated by 180 ° attachment of the swing frame to the two fixation either an adaptation to a right body joint, especially to a right knee joint, or adaptation to a left body joint, especially a left knee joint , is feasible.

If the orthosis can be adjusted by turning the swivel frame by 180 ° optionally to a right body joint or to a left body joint, it may be due to incorrect assembly that the orthosis is mistakenly adapted to a right or left body joint. To prevent such incorrect assembly by incorrect attachment of the fixing on the swing frame, it is particularly advantageous if a left marker and a right marker is provided on at least one fixing module, wherein on the swing frame a cover is provided, and wherein the cover covering the left marker, if the orthosis is associated with a right body joint by appropriate attachment of the pivoting frame on the fixing module, and wherein the covering element covers the right marking element when the orthosis is associated with a left body joint by appropriate attachment of the pivoting frame to the fixing modules. As a result, it is clearly indicated by the optional coverage of the left or right marking element for the user whether the corresponding configuration of fixing modules and pivoting frame is provided for a left or a right body joint.

In order to be able to cover a correspondingly larger size variance of different body dimensions with the orthosis according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the fixing modules have an elastically deformable shell with an open cross section. This shell with an open cross-section is placed on the body part when the orthosis is put on so that the body part is partially enclosed. For fixing the fixing module to the body part then serves a tensioning means, for example a belt or band that closes the open part of the cross section of the deformable shell with complete inclusion of the body part. According to a preferred embodiment of the orthosis according to the invention, it is provided that the two orthotic joints have a uniaxial joint mechanism. This uniaxial joint mechanism can be realized by simple mechanical means. The joint axis of the orthosis is defined by the coaxial axes of the two orthoses joints. In addition, a length compensation element is provided between the two orthotic joints on the one hand and at least on one of the two fixing modules on the other hand. By means of this length compensation element, a proximal or distal adjustment of the fixing module relative to the orthotic joints during the pivotal movement of the two fixing modules relative to each other is made possible. The length compensation element can misalignment of the orthosis be compensated in a simple manner relative to the joint axis of the body joint.

In order to obtain the mechanical structure of the orthosis as simple as possible, it is particularly advantageous if the length compensation element and the fastening device with which the pivoting frame can be detachably attached to one of the two fixing modules are integrated. It is particularly advantageous if at least one spring element is provided in the length compensation element, with which the adjustable fixing module is resiliently biased in the proximal end position and / or in the distal end position.

Furthermore, according to a preferred variant, it is provided that a support element is adjustably mounted on at least one orthotic joint, wherein the support element with a particular padded active surface medial and / or lateral can come to rest on a knee joint and thereby exerts a lateral support force on the knee joint. In this way, the ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint supported by the orthosis can additionally be supported and adjusted by adjusting the support element. For the adjustment of the support element relative to the orthotic joint, it is particularly advantageous if a setting thread is provided on the orthotic joint, in which a threaded rod in the direction of the hinge axis is adjustable. The support element can then be fastened to the end of the threaded rod, so that the distance between the support element and the knee joint can be changed by turning the threaded rod. As a result, therefore, the support pressure of the support element can be varied by the operator by turning the threaded rod.

For certain clinical pictures, it is advantageous if the pivoting movement of the orthosis joint can be selectively locked. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous if a locking element is provided on the orthosis according to the invention, with which the pivotal movement of the two half-frame parts is locked relative to each other.

Furthermore, it is advantageous for certain clinical pictures if the patient can execute the pivotal movement of the body joint to be supported only within a specific pivoting angle. Therefore, at least one orthotic joint with two end stops can advantageously be provided on the orthosis according to the invention, the end stops each defining an end angle of the pivoting movement, so that the two half frame parts can be pivoted relative to one another only within a limited pivoting angle. To realize different pivot angle limitations, it is particularly advantageous if the end stops are mounted adjustable or adjustable in the orthotic joint, thereby to vary the pivot angle of the pivotal movement of the lower leg part relative to the thigh part.

Various embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings and are explained below by way of example.

Show it:

1 a brace provided for a right knee joint in front view;

2 the orthosis according to 1 in disassembled condition;

3 a provided for a left knee joint orthosis in a perspective side view;

4 the orthosis according to 3 in disassembled condition;

5 the orthosis according to 4 during assembly in perspective view from the front;

6 the lower part of the orthosis according to 5 during assembly in perspective view from behind;

7 the orthosis according to 3 with a partially sectioned swing frame in a perspective view from the front;

8th an orthotic joint of the orthosis according to 3 in an exploded view;

9 the components of in 1 and 3 illustrated orthotic joints in disassembled state;

10 in the 1 and 3 illustrated orthotic joints in a common perspective view from the front;

11 a modular system for the formation of orthoses of different size dimensions by combining different fixing modules and swing frames in front view.

1 shows an orthosis 01 for stabilizing a body joint, namely a right knee joint. The orthosis 01 is from a lower fixing module 02 for attachment to a lower leg, an upper fixing module 03 and one between the two fuser modules 02 and 03 arranged swing frame 04 built up. The swing frame 04 in turn consists of two orthotic joints 05 and 06 , the two half-frame parts 07 and 08 pivotally connect with each other. The two orthotic joints 05 and 06 define a joint axis 27 when using the orthosis 01 should be aligned approximately with the knee joint axis. Beyond the two orthotic joints 05 are each two support elements 09 and 10 provided when using the orthosis 01 can come to rest on the side of the knee joint to be supported.

The two fixing modules 02 and 03 each comprise a rearwardly open, elastically deformable shell 11 respectively. 12 , which is placed from the front on the thigh or the lower leg and using in 1 Tensioning belt, not shown, can be fixed. The bowls 11 and 12 have slots 28 and a recording 29 for fastening a fastening buckle on which the tensioning belt, not shown, the thigh or lower leg in the shells 11 and 12 can be fastened fixing. Due to the flexibility of the shells 11 and 12 and the length adjustability of in 1 Tensioning straps, not shown, the shells 11 and 12 be variably fixed to thighs or lower legs within a certain size variance.

2 shows the orthosis 01 in disassembled condition. At both half-frame parts 07 and 08 of the swing frame 04 are in 2 concealed fasteners 13 respectively. 14 (please refer 6 and 7 ) provided with which the swing frame 04 detachable on the cups 11 respectively. 12 the two fixing modules 02 and 03 can be attached. As a result, can thereby swing frame 04 optionally upper fixing modules 03 or lower fixing modules 02 be attached in different size dimensions to thereby cover by appropriate combinations a large span of different size dimensions can. The two half-frame parts 07 and 08 each consist of two rigid connection struts 15 and 16 respectively. 17 and 18 , which are integral with a rigid connection element 19 respectively. 20 are connected. The connecting struts 15 . 16 . 17 and 18 each starting from one of the two orthotic joints 05 respectively. 06 to the respective associated connection element 19 respectively. 20 , on its side facing the knee, the fastening devices 13 respectively. 14 are arranged. As a result, the half-frame parts form 07 and 08 in this way in each case a Y-shape, wherein the connecting elements in a sagittal plane in front of the thigh or the lower leg of the user of the orthosis 01 to lie down. In this way it is ensured that when using the orthosis 01 a kinking of the knee joint about a right angle to the hinge axis 27 exclude running horizontal axis.

The swing frame 04 points opposite one through the hinge axis 27 extending median plane 21 a mirror-symmetrical structure, so that the half-frame parts 07 and 08 upon rotation of the swing frame 04 180 ° without any problems, optionally on an upper fixing module 03 or a lower fixing module 02 can be attached. Next, the swing frame 04 opposite one between the two orthotic joints 05 and 06 through the fastening devices 13 and 14 extending, kinked graduation plane 22 an asymmetrical structure. Due to this asymmetrical structure in relation to the kinked parting plane 22 is guaranteed that the swing frame 04 can be assigned to a right knee joint or a left knee joint by turning by 180 °.

At the two connecting elements 19 and 20 the half frame parts 07 and 08 of the swing frame 04 are each cover 23 respectively. 24 molded, with which depending on the attachment of the swing frame 04 rotated by 180 ° optionally a right marking element 25 or a left marker 26 at the upper fixing module 03 can be covered. Will the swing frame 04 , as in 1 shown in a manner on the fixing modules 02 and 03 attached that orthosis 01 is intended for use on a right knee joint, then the left marker element 26 , as well as in 1 represented by the cover 23 covered. In this way, the user can easily see that the in 1 shown configuration for use on a right knee is provided.

3 shows an orthosis 30 , which is intended for use on a left knee joint. The orthosis 30 can be made of the same basic components as the orthosis 01 , namely from the swing frame 04 and the two fixing modules 02 and 03 , getting produced. Only difference between the orthosis 01 and the orthosis 30 is it that the swing frame 04 rotated by 180 ° at the two fixing modules 02 and 03 is attached. The connecting element 19 of the swing frame 04 is doing on the lower fixing module 02 attached, whereas the connecting element 20 of the swing frame 04 on the upper fixing module 02 is attached. In the in 3 illustrated configuration for use on a left knee joint becomes the left marker 26 no longer covered, but instead the right marking element 25 from the cover 24 covered.

4 shows the orthosis 30 with the swing frame 04 and the two fixing modules 02 and 03 in disassembled condition.

5 and 6 show the orthosis 30 during assembly of the two fixing modules 02 and 03 on the swing frame 04 , On the inside of the fasteners 19 and 20 are each two T-shaped mounting bolts 31 and 32 Molded on the edges of the fixing modules 02 and 03 provided slots 33 and 34 respectively. 35 and 36 engage behind form-fitting and thereby the attachment of the fixing modules 02 and 03 on the swing frame 04 realize. The long holes 33 . 34 . 35 and 36 each have an end extension to the fastening bolts 31 and 32 in the oblong holes 33 to 36 during assembly of the fixing modules 02 and 03 on the swing frame 04 to be able to introduce. To prevent accidental slipping out of the fastening bolts 31 and 32 from the oblong holes 33 to 36 to prevent is at the half-frame parts 07 and 08 each a pivotally mounted locking element 37 provided, after complete introduction of the respective associated fastening bolt 31 at the end of the oblong holes 33 respectively. 36 engages and thereby slipping out of the fastening bolts 31 prevented.

For actuating the locking element 37 serves as a trained push button control 38 , Presses the user from the outside on the control 38 , so pivots the locking element 37 mediated by a hinged locking lever 54 from its rest position and gives the broadening of the slot 36 respectively. 33 free, leaving the fixing bolt 31 out of the slot 33 respectively. 36 can be removed.

The length of the slots 35 and 36 in the bowl 11 of the upper fixing module 03 corresponds to just twice the depth of the fastening bolts 31 and 32 , so that after locking the locking element 37 the fastening bolts 31 and 32 free of play in the oblong holes 35 and 36 are fixed.

The length of the slots 33 and 34 By contrast, larger is chosen so that the fastening bolts 31 and 32 even after locking the locking element 37 an axial sliding movement relative to the oblong holes 33 and 34 can execute. As a result, a length compensation element by means of slots 33 and 34 realized, so that during the pivoting movement of the upper fixing module 03 relative to the lower fixing module 02 around the hinge axis 27 additionally a proximal or distal adjustment of the fixing module 02 relative to the swing frame 04 is possible. This proximal or distal adjustment between swing frame 04 and fixing module 02 allows the compensation of adjustment errors between the hinge axis 27 the two orthotic joints 05 and 06 to the knee joint. In the slot 33 are two spring elements 39 provided with which the fastening bolt 31 after fixation in the slot 33 is elastically biased.

7 shows the orthosis 30 with along the dividing plane 22 cut swing frame 04 , To an unwanted operation of the operating element 38 for releasing one of the locking elements 37 would lead to prevent is above the controls 38 a fuse element 40 appropriate. The fuse element 40 is formed in the manner of a cover, which is connected to the connecting elements 19 and 20 of the swing frame 04 can be clipped. Only by removing the fuse element 40 can control the controls 38 operated and thereby the fixing modules 02 and 03 from the swing frame 04 be removed.

8th shows the orthotic joint 05 of the swing frame 04 with the support element 10 in an exploded view. The two connecting struts 16 and 17 are in the orthotic joint 05 connected with a uniaxial joint mechanism, which is only one of the hinge axis 27 exactly defined swivel movement allowed. The support element 10 consists of a cushion element 41 for contact with the lateral knee joint and a carrier element 42 , On the orthosis joint 05 facing side of the support element 42 is an internally threaded sleeve 43 Molded with a threaded rod 44 interacts. By turning the threaded rod 44 on the control knob 45 the user can use the carrier element 42 and thus the entire support element 10 in the direction of the hinge axis 27 adjust and thereby the distance between the support element 10 on the one hand and the knee joint to be supported on the other hand. Also, in the orthotic joint 05 a locking element 46 integrated, with which the pivoting movement of the swing frame 04 and thus the pivoting movement of the orthosis 01 respectively. 30 can be locked in their maximum stretched shape.

In addition, two end stops are in the orthotic joint 47 and 48 integrated, in different recesses 49 a support disk 50 or recesses 51 on a counter-disc 52 can be inserted. In this way, the pivoting range of the connecting struts 16 and 17 and thus the pivoting range of the swing frame 04 limited. By means of a cover 53 becomes the orthotic joint 05 hidden from the outside.

9 shows the two fixing modules 02 and 03 and the swing frame 04 in the disassembled state, the swing frame 04 is shown once in the position provided for a right knee joint and once provided for a left knee joint position. Alone by turning the swing frame 04 180 ° and subsequent attachment to the two fixing modules 02 and 03 Optionally, the in 1 illustrated orthosis 01 or the in 3 illustrated orthosis 30 be configured.

10 shows the two orthoses 01 and 30 , each made up of the two fixing modules 02 and 03 and accordingly rotated by 180 ° swing frame 04 consist, in side-by-side view from the front.

11 shows an inventive modular system 60 with two upper fixing modules 61 and 62 , three swing frames 63 . 64 and 65 and two lower fixing modules 66 and 67 , The fixing modules 61 . 62 . 66 and 67 as well as the three swing frames 63 to 65 each have different size dimensions and but can with their fasteners 13 and 14 , in the 11 are shown hidden, optionally combined with each other. As a result, by the appropriate combinations of fixing modules 61 . 62 . 66 and 67 with the three different swing frames 63 to 65 Orthoses in twelve different size variants can be configured combinatorially. Because the swing frame 63 to 65 In addition, they have an asymmetrical structure and can be adjusted by turning by 180 ° either to a right or left knee joint, resulting in addition 12 more combinatorial configurations, so that with the modular system 60 , the four fuser modules 61 . 62 . 66 and 67 as well as three swing frames 63 to 65 includes, in total 24 different orthosis variants in different sizes and matched to either the left or right knee can be generated.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 0705582 A1 [0005]
• DE 19605734 A1 [0005]

Claims (15)

Orthosis ( 01 . 30 ) for stabilizing a body joint, with a lower fixing module ( 02 ) for fixation on a first body part adjacent to the body joint, in particular on the lower leg or forearm, and with an upper fixation module ( 03 ), for fixing to a second body part adjoining the body joint, in particular on the thigh or upper arm, and having at least one orthotic joint ( 05 . 06 ), the lower fixing module ( 02 ) and the upper fixing module ( 03 ) connects directly or indirectly to each other, wherein the orthosis joint ( 05 . 06 ) the pivoting of the lower fixing module ( 02 ) relative to the upper fixing module ( 03 ) about a hinge axis ( 27 ), characterized in that the orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ) Part of a rigid swing frame ( 04 ), wherein the swing frame ( 04 ) two rigid half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) which passes through the orthotic joint ( 05 . 06 ) are pivotally connected to each other, and wherein on at least one half-frame part ( 07 . 08 ) of the swing frame ( 04 ) at least one fastening device ( 13 . 14 ) is provided, with the swing frame ( 04 ) releasably attached to the lower fixing module ( 02 ) and / or the upper fixing module ( 03 ) can be attached. Orthosis according to claim 1, characterized in that the orthosis comprises two orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ), wherein the two half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) of the swing frame ( 04 ) each consist of two rigid connection struts ( 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) and a rigid connection element ( 19 . 20 ) are formed, and wherein the two connecting struts ( 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) in each case starting from one of the two orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ) to the rigid connection element ( 19 . 20 ), and wherein on the connecting element ( 19 . 20 ) the fastening device ( 13 . 14 ) for releasably securing the swing frame ( 04 ) on the two fixing modules ( 02 . 03 ) is provided. Orthosis according to claim 2, characterized in that the two bending-resistant connecting struts ( 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 ) and the rigid connection element ( 19 . 20 ) are each integrally connected to each other and together in each case a substantially Y-shaped half-frame part ( 07 . 08 ), wherein the two Y-shaped half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) through the two orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ) are pivotally connected together. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fastening device ( 13 . 14 ) with a tool-operated actuation device ( 37 . 38 . 54 ) can be opened. Orthosis according to claim 4, characterized in that the actuating device ( 37 . 38 . 54 ) a latching element ( 37 ), which when removing a fixing module ( 02 . 03 ) from the swing frame ( 04 ) by actuating a control element ( 38 ) can be disengaged without tools from a functionally complementary formed locking contour. Orthosis according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the tool-operated actuation device ( 37 . 38 . 54 ) with a fuse element ( 40 ) is secured against accidental opening. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pivoting frame ( 04 ) opposite one through the hinge axis ( 27 ) of the two orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ) median plane ( 21 ) has a mirror-symmetrical structure, wherein the two fastening devices ( 13 . 14 ) at the two half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) of the swing frame ( 04 ) are constructed identical, and wherein the two half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) of the swing frame ( 04 ) with their respective associated fastening devices ( 13 . 14 ) optionally on a lower fixing module ( 02 ) and on an upper fixing module ( 03 ) can be attached. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pivoting frame ( 04 ) opposite one between the two orthotic joints ( 05 ) by the fastening devices ( 13 . 14 ), in particular kinked graduation plane ( 22 ) has an asymmetrical structure, wherein the orthosis by rotated by 180 ° mounting the swing frame ( 04 ) on the two fixing modules ( 02 . 03 ) can optionally be assigned to a right body joint, in particular a right knee joint, or a left body joint, in particular a left knee joint. Orthosis according to claim 8, characterized in that on at least one fixing module ( 03 ) a left marking element ( 26 ) and / or a right marking element ( 25 ) is provided, wherein on the swing frame ( 04 ) at least one cover element ( 23 . 24 ) is provided, and wherein the cover ( 23 . 24 ) the left marking element ( 26 ) covers when the orthosis ( 01 ) by appropriate attachment of the swing frame ( 04 ) on the fixing modules ( 02 . 03 ) is assigned to a right body joint, and / or wherein the cover element ( 23 . 24 ) the right marking element ( 25 ) covers when the orthosis ( 30 ) by appropriate attachment of the swing frame ( 04 ) on the fixing modules ( 02 . 03 ) is associated with a left body joint. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one Fixing module ( 02 . 03 ) an elastically deformable shell ( 11 . 12 ) having an open cross section, wherein the shell ( 11 . 12 ) the assigned body part when applying the orthosis ( 01 . 30 ) and wherein the shell ( 11 . 12 ) can be fixed to the associated body part with at least one tensioning means spanning the open cross section. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the orthoses ( 05 . 06 ) have a uniaxial joint mechanism, wherein the pivoting movement of the two fixing modules ( 02 . 03 ) relative to each other by the coaxial hinge axes ( 27 ) of the orthoses ( 05 . 06 ) and between the orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ) on the one hand and at least one fixing module ( 02 . 03 ) on the other hand, at least one length compensation element ( 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 39 ) is provided, and wherein the length compensation element ( 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 39 ) a proximal and distal adjustment of the fixing module ( 02 ) relative to the orthotic joints ( 05 . 06 ) during the pivoting movement of the two fixing modules ( 02 . 03 ) relative to each other. Orthosis according to claim 11, characterized in that the length compensation element ( 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 39 ) in the fastening device ( 13 . 14 ), with which the pivoting frame can be detachably fastened to a fixing module, can be integrated, it being particularly provided that in the length compensation element ( 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 39 ) at least one spring element ( 39 ) is provided, with which the adjustable fixing module ( 02 ) is resiliently biased in the proximal end position and / or in the distal end position. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that on at least one orthotic joint ( 05 . 06 ) a support element ( 09 . 10 ) is adjustably mounted, wherein the support element ( 09 . 10 ) with a particular padded active surface ( 41 ) can come into abutment medially and / or laterally on a knee joint, thereby exerting a lateral support force on the knee joint, in particular on at least one orthotic joint ( 05 . 06 ) a Einstellgewinde provided ( 43 ), in which a threaded rod ( 44 ) in the direction of the joint axis ( 27 ) is adjustable, and wherein the support element ( 09 . 10 ) at the end of the threaded rod ( 44 ), and the distance between the support element ( 09 . 10 ) and knee joint by adjusting the threaded rod ( 44 ) can be adjusted. Orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that on at least one orthotic joint ( 05 . 06 ) a locking element ( 46 ) is provided, with the pivotal movement of the two half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) can be locked relative to each other and / or that at least one orthotic joint ( 05 . 06 ) two end stops ( 47 . 48 ) are provided, with which the pivot angle of the pivotal movement of the two half-frame parts ( 07 . 08 ) can be limited relative to each other, wherein in particular it is provided that the end stops ( 47 . 48 ) are mounted adjustable or adjustable in the orthotic joint in order to vary the pivot angle of the pivotal movement of the lower leg part relative to the thigh part. Modular system for forming orthoses according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the modular system ( 60 ) at least two lower fixing modules ( 66 . 67 ) with different size dimensions and / or at least two upper fixing modules ( 61 . 62 ) with different size dimensions and / or at least two swing frames ( 63 . 64 . 65 ) of different size dimensions, the fastening devices ( 13 . 14 ) on all swing frames ( 63 . 64 . 65 ) are constructed identically, and wherein the different lower fixing modules ( 66 . 67 ) and upper fixing modules ( 61 . 62 ) for the formation of orthoses with different size dimensions variably on the different swing frames ( 63 . 64 . 65 ) can be attached.

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