DE202016000507U1 - Injection molding machine for processing gas-loaded plastics - Google Patents

Injection molding machine for processing gas-loaded plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
DE202016000507U1
DE202016000507U1 DE202016000507.4U DE202016000507U DE202016000507U1 DE 202016000507 U1 DE202016000507 U1 DE 202016000507U1 DE 202016000507 U DE202016000507 U DE 202016000507U DE 202016000507 U1 DE202016000507 U1 DE 202016000507U1
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Prior art keywords
injection molding
molding machine
processing gas
granules
loaded plastics
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Expired - Lifetime
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DE202016000507.4U
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German (de)
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/18Feeding the material into the injection moulding apparatus, i.e. feeding the non-plastified material into the injection unit
    • B29C45/1858Changing the kind or the source of material, e.g. using a plurality of hoppers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3442Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
    • B29C44/3446Feeding the blowing agent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/38Feeding the material to be shaped into a closed space, i.e. to make articles of definite length
    • B29C44/42Feeding the material to be shaped into a closed space, i.e. to make articles of definite length using pressure difference, e.g. by injection or by vacuum
    • B29C44/424Details of machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/1701Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations using a particular environment during moulding, e.g. moisture-free or dust-free

Abstract

Spritzgießanlage zur Verarbeitung gasbeladener Kunststoffe derart, dass die Spritzgießmaschine mit zwei parallel geschalteten Fülltrichtern ausgerüstet ist, von denen jeweils alternierend ein Trichter zur Gasbeladung der Granulate dient sowie der zweite Trichter zur Vorlage der Granulate direkt in die Füllzone der Plastifizierung der Spritzgießmaschine.Injection molding machine for processing gas-loaded plastics such that the injection molding machine is equipped with two parallel hoppers, each of which alternately a funnel for gas loading of the granules and the second funnel for presenting the granules directly into the filling zone of the plasticization of the injection molding machine.

Description

Technische Beschreibung:Technical description:

Mit physikalischen Treibmitteln hergestellte Schäume aus Kunststoffen sind seit langem bekannt und in der Bauteilherstellung etabliert. Die Vorteile physikalisch geschäumter Polymere liegen auf der Hand: Bei kaum reduzierten mechanischen Kennwerten der Bauteile, wird das Gewicht reduziert, bei geringerem Einsatz an Kunststoff. Auch lassen sich die Geometrien der Bauteile im Vergleich zum Kompaktspritzguß anders gestalten, so dass aufgrund geringerer Wanddicken weitere Gewichtseinsparungen zu erzielen sind. Man erhält also im Verhältnis zu einem aus Vollmaterial gespritzten Artikel ein leichteres, kostengünstigeres Bauteil. Weitere bekannte Vorteile ergeben sich bei der Verarbeitung von physikalisch geschäumten Kunststoffen. Die Mischung aus physikalischem Treibmittel und Matrixpolymer ergibt in der Regel eine niedrigere Viskosität als diejenige des Matrixpolymers ohne Treibmittel. Dies führt dann dazu, dass für das Urformen in der Spritzgießmaschine geringere Zuhaltekräfte notwendig werden, weshalb man in vielen Fällen mit einer kostengünstigeren kleineren Spritzgießmaschine produzieren kann. Weiterhin ist es möglich, aufgrund der veränderten Viskositäten mit niedrigeren Verarbeitungstemperaturen zu produzieren, was zu kürzeren Zykluszeiten führt und damit zu einem effizienteren Prozess mit höherer Produktivität. Aufgrund des Wegfalls einer Nachdruckphase lassen sich die Zykluszeiten noch einmal zusätzlich reduzieren.Synthetic foams made from plastics have long been known and established in the manufacture of components. The advantages of physically foamed polymers are obvious: With barely reduced mechanical characteristics of the components, the weight is reduced, with less use of plastic. Also, the geometries of the components can be designed differently in comparison to the compact injection molding, so that further weight savings can be achieved due to smaller wall thicknesses. Thus, in relation to a molded article made of solid material, a lighter, more cost-effective component is obtained. Other known advantages arise in the processing of physically foamed plastics. The mixture of physical blowing agent and matrix polymer generally gives a lower viscosity than that of the matrix polymer without blowing agent. This then leads to the fact that lower clamping forces become necessary for the primary molding in the injection molding machine, which is why one can produce in many cases with a less expensive, smaller injection molding machine. Furthermore, due to the altered viscosities, it is possible to produce at lower processing temperatures, resulting in shorter cycle times, and thus to a more efficient process with higher productivity. Due to the omission of a holding pressure phase, the cycle times can be reduced even further.

Der Schaum-Spritzgießprozess teilt sich bei den industriell etablierten Verfahren in unterschiedliche Schritte auf. Dabei wird der Kunststoff in einem ersten Schritt konventionell in einem ersten Bereich der Plastifiziereinheit aufgeschmolzen. Im Anschluss wird das physikalische Treibmittel im überkritischen Zustand eindosiert und in einem Mischbereich der Schubschnecke idealerweise zu einem Einphasengemisch homogenisiert. Das Gemisch wird unter entsprechendem Druck und Temperatur in das Formwerkzeug eingespritzt. Nach einer erforderlichen Kühlzeit, in der sich der Schaum entsprechender Qualität aufgrund veränderter physikalischer Randbedingungen bildet, wird das fertige Bauteil ausgeworfen. Dem grundlegenden Patent EP 1 264 672 B1 kann eine detaillierte, umfassende Beschreibung des Spritzgießens von mikrozellularen Schäumen entnommen werden, die eine Gültigkeit auch für anderszellige Schäume aufzeigt.The foam injection molding process is divided into different steps in industrially established processes. In this case, the plastic is conventionally melted in a first area of the plasticizing unit in a first step. Subsequently, the physical blowing agent is metered in the supercritical state and ideally homogenized in a mixing region of the screw conveyor to form a single-phase mixture. The mixture is injected under appropriate pressure and temperature into the mold. After a necessary cooling time, in which the foam of appropriate quality forms due to changed physical boundary conditions, the finished component is ejected. The basic patent EP 1 264 672 B1 A detailed, comprehensive description of the injection molding of microcellular foams can be found, which also shows validity for other cell foams.

Der Stand der Technik zur Aufbereitung des Gemisches aus physikalischem Treibmittel (in der Regel Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid) und Matrixpolymer (in der Regel thermoplastische Kunststoffe) legt in der Plastifiziereinheit der Spritzgießmaschine eine Geometrie der Schubschnecke zu Grunde, die sich in Richtung des Prozessstromes wie folgt beschreibt: Füllzone für das Matrixpolymer, Kompressionszone, Meteringzone, zentrale Rückstromsperre oder Stauring, Mischzone zur Homogenisierung des Treibfluids, Rückstromsperre.The state of the art for the preparation of the mixture of physical blowing agent (usually nitrogen or carbon dioxide) and matrix polymer (usually thermoplastics) in the plasticizing unit of the injection molding machine is based on a geometry of the screw conveyor, which describes itself in the direction of the process flow : Filling zone for the matrix polymer, compression zone, metering zone, central backflow barrier or storage ring, mixing zone for the homogenization of the driving fluid, non-return valve.

Aufgrund der aufwändigen Geometrie dieser Sonderschnecke fallen nicht unerhebliche Fertigungskosten an. Schwerwiegender sind jedoch Verschleißprobleme speziell im Bereich der zentralen Rückstromsperre bzw. des Stauringes sowie eine durch die Schneckengeometrie geforderte Länge, die über den Standard der Hersteller von Spritzgießmaschinen hinausgeht. Dadurch fallen sowohl erhöhte Wartungskosten (Verschleiß) als auch hohe Investitionskosten (Sonderkonstruktion) an.Due to the complex geometry of this special screw incur not inconsiderable production costs. More serious, however, are wear problems, especially in the area of the central backflow barrier or the storage ring, and a length required by the screw geometry, which goes beyond the standard of the manufacturers of injection molding machines. This results in both increased maintenance costs (wear) and high investment costs (special design).

Ein alternativ zu dem beschriebenen Ablauf entwickeltes Verfahren wurde am IKV der Universität Aachen entwickelt und in einer Dissertation 2012 unter dem Namen „ProFoam” veröffentlicht. Dabei diffundiert das Treibfluid in einer Kammer unter Druck in das Kunststoffgranulat ein. Dieses gasbeladene Granulat wird dann in eine Spritzgießmaschine gefüttert und der Verarbeitung zugeführt. Der Vorteil dieses Verfahrens liegt in der besseren Verarbeitbarkeit von hochgefüllten Polymeren.An alternative to the procedure described developed method was developed at the University of Aachen IKV and published in a dissertation 2012 under the name "ProFoam". The driving fluid diffuses in a chamber under pressure into the plastic granules. This gas-loaded granules are then fed into an injection molding machine and fed to the processing. The advantage of this method is the better processability of highly filled polymers.

Patent DE 10 2009 012 481 B3 beschreibt eine solche Spritzgießmaschine. Dabei werden zwei Kammern (genannt Schleusenkammer und Speicherkammer) hintereinander geschaltet, so dass das Granulat in eine erste Kammer beladen wird und anschließend unter Druck das Treibfluid in das Granulat eindiffundieren kann. Das derart vorbehandelte Granulat wird dann bei gleicher Druckstufe in eine zweite Kammer umgefüllt, die direkt mit der Spritzgießmaschine verbunden ist, so dass der Spritzgießprozess ablaufen kann.patent DE 10 2009 012 481 B3 describes such an injection molding machine. In this case, two chambers (called lock chamber and storage chamber) are connected in series, so that the granules are loaded into a first chamber and then under pressure, the driving fluid can diffuse into the granules. The thus pretreated granules are then transferred at the same pressure level in a second chamber, which is connected directly to the injection molding machine, so that the injection molding process can proceed.

Um Probleme beim Umfüllen der Treibmittel beladenen Granulate von der Schleusenkammer in die Speicherkammer zu verhindern, wird erfindungsgemäß folgende Spritzgießanlage vorgeschlagen:
Die Spritzgießanlage ist mit zwei parallel geschalteten Fülltrichtern ausgerüstet, die beide mit der Füllzone der Spritzgießmaschine über ein Ventil verbunden sind. Die Gasbeladung kann unter Druck jeweils alternierend an beiden Trichtern stattfinden. Dazu wurden ebenso alternierend beide Trichter vorab mit Granulat beschickt. Dabei ist immer jeweils ein Trichter für den Spritgießbetrieb freigeschaltet, im zweiten Trichter findet die Gasbeladung statt.
In order to prevent problems when transferring the propellant laden granules from the lock chamber into the storage chamber, the following injection molding machine is proposed according to the invention:
The injection molding machine is equipped with two parallel funnels, which are both connected to the filling zone of the injection molding machine via a valve. The gas loading can take place alternately under pressure on both funnels. For this purpose, both funnels were alternately charged in advance with granules. In this case, one funnel is always released for the Spritgießbetrieb, in the second funnel, the gas loading takes place.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • EP 1264672 B1 [0002] EP 1264672 B1 [0002]
  • DE 102009012481 B3 [0006] DE 102009012481 B3 [0006]

Claims (1)

Spritzgießanlage zur Verarbeitung gasbeladener Kunststoffe derart, dass die Spritzgießmaschine mit zwei parallel geschalteten Fülltrichtern ausgerüstet ist, von denen jeweils alternierend ein Trichter zur Gasbeladung der Granulate dient sowie der zweite Trichter zur Vorlage der Granulate direkt in die Füllzone der Plastifizierung der Spritzgießmaschine.Injection molding machine for processing gas-loaded plastics such that the injection molding machine is equipped with two parallel hoppers, each of which alternately a funnel for gas loading of the granules and the second funnel for presenting the granules directly into the filling zone of the plasticization of the injection molding machine.
DE202016000507.4U 2016-01-27 2016-01-27 Injection molding machine for processing gas-loaded plastics Expired - Lifetime DE202016000507U1 (en)

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DE202016000507.4U DE202016000507U1 (en) 2016-01-27 2016-01-27 Injection molding machine for processing gas-loaded plastics

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1264672B1 (en) 1997-01-16 2004-08-04 Trexel, Inc. Injection molding of microcellular material
DE102009012481B3 (en) 2009-03-12 2010-09-23 Karl Hehl Injection molding machine for processing e.g. plastic to produce foamed material, has storage chamber connected with lock chamber by valve unit, where storage chamber and lock chamber are vented by another valve unit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1264672B1 (en) 1997-01-16 2004-08-04 Trexel, Inc. Injection molding of microcellular material
DE102009012481B3 (en) 2009-03-12 2010-09-23 Karl Hehl Injection molding machine for processing e.g. plastic to produce foamed material, has storage chamber connected with lock chamber by valve unit, where storage chamber and lock chamber are vented by another valve unit

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R156 Lapse of ip right after 3 years