DE202015002359U1 - vibration isolator - Google Patents

Abstract

Vibration isolator, comprising an insulation unit, which has a plurality of insulation spring elements (1), wherein the insulation spring elements (1) are formed as spring plates and having a spiral contour, and wherein the insulation spring elements (1) connected in parallel and parallel by means of spacer elements (2) substantially plane-parallel each insulation spring element (1) having an oscillatable portion (3) and a static portion (4), wherein the static portions (4) by connecting elements of the first kind (5) are interconnected and wherein the oscillatory portions ( 3) by a connecting element of the second type (6) are interconnected, and wherein by the connecting elements of the first type (5) a connection of the vibration isolator with a static structure (7) and by the connecting element of the second type (6) a connection of the vibration isolator to a schwingfäh igen structure are provided, characterized in that the vibration isolator comprises a damping unit, wherein the damping unit comprises a plurality of damping spring elements (8), wherein the damping spring elements (8) are formed as spring plates and having a spiral-shaped structure and wherein the damping spring elements (8) over one another in parallel each damping spring element (8) has an oscillatable section (9) and a static section (10), the static sections (10) of the damping spring elements (8) being connected by the connecting elements of the first type (5 ) and wherein by means of the contact contact with a deformation of the damping spring elements (8) a sliding friction between them is provided, and that, when exceeding a defined Auslenkungsweges the connecting element of the second type (6) , a deformation of the damping spring elements (8) by means of an operative connection between the connecting element of the second type (6) and the damping spring elements (8) can be provided.

Description

The invention relates to a vibration isolator for vibration decoupling of a vibratory structure of another structure.

In the case of oscillatable structures, in particular in the case of machines or units, there is regularly the problem that they can be set in vibration by self-excitation or by external excitations. If the structures are connected in such a case with another, under circumstances also oscillatory structure, it comes through the vibrations for the transmission of vibrations, resulting in noises, impaired function and in unfavorable cases also to structural damage, especially in connection areas between unequal swinging structures, can lead.

In order to reduce or prevent such interference noises and damage, different solutions for providing vibration-related decoupling are already known from the prior art.

One possible variant for realizing such a decoupling consists in the arrangement of a damping element between the oscillatory and the static structure. Such a damping element is usually made of a rubber or elastomeric material and serves to absorb and reduce the vibrations of the oscillatory structure so far that the noise development is reduced to a predetermined level. The disadvantage of such damping elements is in particular that they can not be considered due to their material for fire protection applications. Another disadvantage of such damping elements is that they can weather or be damaged by external influences and thus allow only comparatively short service lives.

High degrees of isolation, such as those required in heavy units with high vibration energy or in vibration-sensitive areas, for example, laboratories, can not be provided with such a damping element also.

Another approach to decoupling a vibratory structure is the use of a vibration isolator, which is usually formed by one or more spring elements and principle no, or has only a very low damping behavior.

A corresponding vibration isolator is in the document DE 20 2013 104 449 U1 disclosed. The vibration isolator in this case has a plurality of plate-shaped plate springs, which are arranged one above the other and spaced from each other. The metal springs have in the contour of a centrally located opening and two more, this diametrically opposite openings on. The diametrically arranged openings serve to receive connecting elements, by means of which the sheet metal springs are connected to a spring assembly and fixed on a base plate. In contrast, the central opening serves to receive a holding means with which a structure to be insulated can be connected to the vibration isolator. To limit the maximum vibration path, the vibration isolator further comprises a limiting element.

The disadvantage of the vibration isolator listed here is in particular that this is only suitable for applications in which vibration frequencies are present with a sufficiently large distance to the natural frequency of the spring-mass system, without causing too high acceleration values occur. In other applications, in particular due to the lack of damping component, the possibility that the spring-mass system swings open and thus a frequent, undesirable abutment of the spring elements is expected to the limiting element.

The object of the present invention is thus to provide a vibration isolator which, while overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art, provides high isolation efficiencies, remains stable at high acceleration values in one of the two structures to be decoupled, has a robust operating behavior and a long service life, easy to manufacture and is easy to adapt to different vibration and mass properties of the decoupled Strugewen and also geeinget relevant for fire protection applications.

The problem is solved by the features listed in the protection claim 1. Preferred developments emerge from the subclaims.

An inventive vibration isolator for decoupling an oscillatable structure, on the one hand, has an insulation unit, which is formed by a plurality of insulation spring elements.

The insulation spring elements are presently designed as spring plates and have a substantially spiral contour. Furthermore, the insulation spring elements are arranged one above the other inside the insulation unit such that they are connected in parallel and as far as possible plane-parallel to each other, as well as by means of spacer elements spaced from each other. The spacer elements may in this case be formed as separate elements, for example in the form of spacers or be formed by corresponding formations of the insulating spring elements themselves.

According to the invention, the insulation spring elements each have an oscillatable section and a static section, wherein the static sections are connected to one another by connecting elements of the first type, in the present example as clamping elements in the form of screws.

Due to the connection of the static sections, the insulation spring elements are connected according to the invention to form an insulation spring packet. At the same time, a connection of the vibration isolator with a static structure can be provided via the connecting elements of the first type. The static structure in this case represents the structure from which the oscillatable structure is to be decoupled. The connection of the vibration isolator to the static structure can here be realized either directly via the connecting elements of the first type or indirectly via a base plate which is connected to the static structure and in which the connecting elements of the first type engage.

In contrast, the oscillatory portions of the insulation spring elements by a connecting element of the second kind, which in the present case can also be designed as a clamping element in the form of a screw, connected to each other. At the same time, the connecting element of the second type serves to provide a connection between the vibration isolator and the oscillatable structure, which can be effected directly or indirectly via optional intermediate elements. The vorsetzbare connection of the vibration isolator with the oscillatory structure in the region of the oscillatory portions of the insulation spring elements allows the required for the vibration isolation mobility of the oscillatory structure relative to the static structure.

Alternatively, the arrangement of the oscillatory structure on the vibration isolator can also take place by means of the connecting elements of the first type. In this case, the vibration isolator is arranged on the static structure by means of the second type connecting member, so that the spring effect is reversed as compared with the above embodiment of the vibration isolator.

On the other hand, the vibration isolator according to the invention is characterized in that it has a damping unit, which is formed by a plurality of damping spring elements.

The damping spring elements are presently also designed as spring plates and have a substantially spiral contour. In addition, the damping spring elements are arranged plane-parallel one above the other in such a way in the damping unit that they are connected in parallel and are in direct contact with each other. In the present case, contact contact is understood to mean that the damping spring elements lie directly on one another in a planar manner and that a sliding friction between the superimposed damping spring elements is established during a deformation of the damping unit. By means of sliding friction, a part of the energy from the vibration is re-etched into heat, thus causing the damping.

Analogous to the insulating spring elements, the damping spring elements also each have a vibratable and a static portion, wherein the static portions are connected by the connecting elements of the first type and wherein the oscillatory portions of the damping spring elements relative to the connecting element of the second type can perform a relative movement.

Furthermore, the vibration isolator is characterized in that when exceeding a defined deflection path of the connecting element of the second type, a deformation of the damping spring elements can be provided by an operative connection between the connecting element of the second type and the damping spring elements. The operative connection between the connecting element of the second type and the damping spring elements can in the present case be provided either by direct contact of the connecting element of the second type with the damping spring elements or indirectly via a driving element or the insulating spring elements themselves. In the case of the indirect operative connection, the deflection movements of the connecting element of the second type are transmitted directly to the damping spring elements via the driving element or the insulating spring elements.

According to the invention, the damping unit is arranged in the vibration isolator such that it absorbs a damping function within the vibration isolator only in the case of correspondingly large vibration deflections and thus effectively prevents penetration of the vibration isolator, in particular in the event of load or vibration peaks.

This arrangement of the damping unit thus allows the vibration isolator at operates in accordance with small vibration deflections in a first operating state as a pure insulator and thus provides a particularly good, decoupling vibrational decoupling of the oscillatory structure. In this first operating state, the kinetic energy is stored during deformation of the insulation spring elements of these and delivered back to the oscillatory structure in a deformation of the insulation spring elements.

On the other hand, when vibration oscillations are achieved, the vibration isolator operates in a second operating state as a vibration damper which dampens the occurring oscillatory movements of the oscillatable structure and thus effectively prevents penetration.

In addition, the total spring stiffness of the vibration isolator in the second operating state is advantageously changed by the damping unit so that it can better absorb the vibrations occurring. A particular advantage lies in the progressive damping characteristic. Due to the support of the damping spring elements, there is a progressive characteristic curve of the overall spring stiffness. This is associated with that is displaced by the support of the damping spring elements, the natural frequency of the entire system with respect to the first operating state. This is particularly advantageous when excitation frequencies occur which are close to the frequency, as the natural frequency based solely on the spring stiffness of the isolation spring elements, ie the natural frequency in the first operating state corresponds.

Optionally, the vibration isolator also have a limiting element, by which the maximum possible vibration path can be limited. In this case, the maximum possible oscillation path is greater than the deflection path of the connecting element of the second type until its operative connection with the damping elements and thus the onset of damping are set. Preferably, the maximum possible vibration path is dimensioned so that this is achieved after reaching the maximum deflection of the damping unit. In a third possible operating state, the oscillation deflection is then limited by the limiting element. The limitation of the vibration deflection by the limiting element also serves to protect the insulation spring elements and the damping spring elements from plastic deformation. The arrangement of the limiting element is preferably carried out by means of a connection with the connecting elements of the first kind, whereby at the same time results in the special advantage that an additional positional fixing of the connecting elements of the first type to each other and thus an additional stiffening of the entire vibration isolator can be provided by the limiting element.

The vibration isolator according to the invention makes it possible as a technological advantage, by the combination of insulation and damping, compared to conventional vibration isolators on the one hand a high degree of isolation; On the other hand, the risk of punching is greatly reduced.

Another advantage is that the same spring elements can be used for the insulating element and for the damping element, which allows for a particularly cost-effective and simple construction.

At the same time, the vibration isolator has the particular advantage that it consists exclusively of metal and thus of non-combustible materials. It is thus particularly suitable for use in areas with increased fire protection requirements, for example for decoupling of air conditioning units in rail vehicles.

In addition, the use of metal and in particular by the use of stainless steel for all components of the vibration isolator allows a particularly long life.

Another advantage of the vibration isolator is the particularly uncomplicated adaptability to different required isolation and damping ranges. The adaptation takes place here in particular by varying the number of insulation and / or damping spring elements or by varying the thicknesses of the insulation and / or damping spring elements. As a further advantage, it can be determined by simple structural changes, up to which deflections the vibration isolator works in which of the three possible operating states. Furthermore, it can be determined as a further advantage with simple design changes whether the damping acts in only one vibration deflection direction or in both vibration deflection directions. In addition, with damping in both directions of vibration deflection, the damping after deflection and damping effect can be adjusted asymmetrically symmetrically or differentiated according to deflection and damping effect.

In a preferred embodiment of the vibration isolator, the insulation spring elements and the damping spring elements are of identical construction.

In this way, on the one hand, a particularly simple and cost-effective availability allows the vibration isolator. On the other hand, the vibration isolator can be particularly easily adapted to different insulation and damping requirements by redistributing the spring elements in this case.

Furthermore, an advantageous variant of the vibration isolator provides that the static sections of the insulation and damping spring elements are connected to one another by at least three connecting elements of the first type and to the static structure in the further course.

Such provided multi-point suspension of the spring elements offers, in particular over conventional solutions with a two-point support the advantage of improved lateral force stability of the spring elements and thus the entire vibration isolator.

In a particularly advantageous variant of the vibration damper, the static sections of the insulation and damping spring elements are connected by three connecting elements of the first type, which are arranged offset at an angle of approximately 120 ° to each other.

The three-point suspension which can be provided in this way offers a comparatively high lateral force stability with simultaneously compact construction and low material usage for providing the vibration isolator.

The invention will be described in embodiments with reference to

1 Side view cut

2 Top view

3 perspective view

4 Side view cut one-sided damping
explained in more detail.

The 1 shows the vibration isolator according to the invention in a first embodiment with double-acting damping.

The vibration isolator has in the present case an insulation unit, which by a plurality of insulation spring elements 1 is formed.

The insulation spring elements 1 are here superimposed and by spacers 2 spaced and arranged substantially parallel to each other. Furthermore, the insulation spring elements 1 in this case formed spirally and connected in parallel.

Each insulation spring element 1 according to the invention has a vibratable section 3 and a static section 4 on, wherein the insulation spring elements 1 in their oscillatory section 3 can perform a largely free, vertical movement and where the static sections 4 by means of connecting elements of the first kind 5 connected to each other. The connecting elements of the first kind 5 are in this case designed as threaded screws, and serve in this case also the attachment of the vibration isolator to a static structure 7 , The static structure 7 represents in this context the structure of which a vibration-isolatable structure to be isolated and vibrated (not shown) is to be decoupled by means of the vibration isolator. In the embodiments shown here, the static structure 7 formed by a base plate, which in turn is connectable to a corresponding component from which the oscillatory structure is to be decoupled.

The insulation spring elements 1 are in the present embodiments, as in the 1 to 4 represented grouped, with the individual groups by spacers 13 are arranged spaced from each other.

The oscillatory sections 3 the insulation spring elements 1 are present, also spaced from each other, by a connecting element of the second kind 6 connected with each other. The connecting element of the second kind 6 is presently also designed as a threaded screw and used according to the invention for receiving and connecting the oscillatory structure with the vibration isolator.

As a special technological advantage, the vibration isolator, as from the 1 to 4 can be seen, a damping unit, which in the present case is arranged between the middle and the lower isolation spring element group and which by a plurality of damping spring elements 8th is formed. The damping spring elements 8th are according to the invention superimposed and arranged in a direct contact contact plane parallel to each other and according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention of identical design with the insulation spring elements 1 educated.

Analogous to the insulation spring elements 1 has each damping spring element 8th an oscillatable section 9 and a static section 10 on. The static sections 10 are present also on the fasteners of the first kind 5 with each other and, via the spacer sleeves 13 , with the insulation spring elements 1 connected.

At the same time are the oscillatory sections 9 the damping spring elements 8th designed so that the connecting element of the second kind 6 relative to these can perform a relative movement.

At the same time, the damping spring elements 8th In the present case, this is arranged inside the vibration isolator such that, when a defined deflection or oscillation path of the connecting element of the second type is exceeded 6 , An operative connection between this and the damping spring elements 8th is provided and the damping spring elements 8th be deformed by this active compound. In the present embodiments, the operative connection at a deflection of the connecting element of the second kind 6 upwards indirectly by a driving element 11 provided during the operative connection at a deflection of the connecting element of the second kind 6 down indirectly by an incipient contact contact between the insulation spring elements 1 and the damping spring elements 8th provided.

By the provided operative connection between the connecting element of the second kind 6 and the damping spring elements 8th the damping spring elements are deformed. Due to the contact between the damping spring elements 8th is generated during the deformation of a sliding friction, which in turn damping the vibration movement of the connecting element of the second kind 6 and thus produces the vibratable structure associated therewith. Due to this damping, vibration peaks occurring as a particular advantage of the vibration isolator can be effectively damped. At the same time, the vibration isolator allows for defined, small oscillatory movements of the oscillatory structure, or of the connecting element of the second kind 6 , a pure insulation effect, since in these oscillatory movements no operative connection between the connecting element of the second kind 6 and the damping spring elements 8th is present.

The vibration isolator thus enables on the one hand a particularly good decoupling of an oscillatable structure from a static structure 7 On the other hand, vibration peaks occurring due to the deployable damping can be effectively damped and penetration can be effectively prevented.

In the present embodiments according to the 1 to 4 , The vibration isolator also has a limiting element 12 on, by which the maximum possible vibration path of the connecting element of the second kind 6 is limited up and down. The boundary element 12 is in the embodiment according to the 1 to 3 arranged within the vibration isolator such that the maximum possible vibration path of the connecting element of the second kind 6 is greater than the way to the onset of damping.

4 shows an embodiment of the vibration isolator with one-sided damping, wherein the damping in this case only in a vibrational movement of the connecting element of the second kind 6 down is effective. In a vibrational movement of the connecting element of the second kind 6 up, that is through the limiting element 12 maximum deployable vibration path smaller than the path to the onset of damping.

For a better understanding of the operation of the vibration isolator according to 4 is to be executed, that at an overload with the oscillatory structure, the insulation spring elements 1 deform in their oscillatory sections down and in this way the necessary, free vibration path upwards between the insulation spring elements 1 and the delimiter 12 provided.

In addition show 2 a top view and 3 a perspective view of the vibration isolator.

As in particular from the 2 and 3 it can be seen that the connecting elements are of the first type 5 arranged offset by 120 ° to each other according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the vibration isolator. In this way, a three-point bearing is provided as a particular advantage over conventional vibration isolators, which allows a significantly improved lateral force stability of the vibration isolator while maintaining compactness.

In the present embodiments, furthermore, all elements of the vibration isolator are made of metal, whereby the vibration isolator is particularly suitable for fire protection relevant applications.

A preferred field of application of the present vibration isolator consists in the vibration engineering decoupling of air conditioning units in railway cars.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Insulation spring elements

2

spacers

3

oscillatable section Isolation spring elements

4

static section Insulating spring elements

5

Connecting elements of the first kind

6

Connecting element of the second kind

7

static structure

8th

Damping spring elements

9

oscillatable section damper spring elements

10

static section damping spring elements

11

driving element

12

limiting element

13

spacer sleeves

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202013104449 U1 [0007]

Claims (4)

Vibration isolator, comprising an insulation unit, which has a plurality of insulation spring elements ( 1 ), wherein the insulation spring elements ( 1 ) are formed as spring plates and have a spiral contour, and wherein the insulation spring elements ( 1 ) are connected in parallel one above the other and by means of spacers ( 2 ) are arranged substantially plane-parallel to each other, and wherein each isolation spring element ( 1 ) an oscillatable section ( 3 ) and a static section ( 4 ), the static sections ( 4 ) by connecting elements of the first kind ( 5 ) and wherein the oscillatable sections ( 3 ) by a connecting element of the second kind ( 6 ), and wherein by the connecting elements of the first kind ( 5 ) a connection of the vibration isolator with a static structure ( 7 ) and by the connecting element of the second type ( 6 ), a connection of the vibration isolator to a vibratory structure are provided, characterized in that the vibration isolator comprises a damping unit, wherein the damping unit comprises a plurality of damping spring elements ( 8th ), wherein the damping spring elements ( 8th ) are formed as spring plates and have a spiral-shaped structure and wherein the damping spring elements ( 8th ) are arranged one above the other parallel in a direct contact contact plane-parallel to each other and wherein each damping spring element ( 8th ) an oscillatable section ( 9 ) and a static section ( 10 ), the static sections ( 10 ) of the damping spring elements ( 8th ) by the connecting elements of the first type ( 5 ) and wherein by means of the contact contact during a deformation of the damping spring elements ( 8th ) a sliding friction between them is provided, and that, when exceeding a defined deflection path of the connecting element of the second type ( 6 ), a deformation of the damping spring elements ( 8th ) by means of an operative connection between the connecting element of the second type ( 6 ) and the damping spring elements ( 8th ) is available. Vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation spring elements ( 1 ) and the damping spring elements ( 8th ) are constructed identical. Vibration isolator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the static sections ( 4 ) of the insulation spring elements ( 1 ) and the static sections ( 10 ) of the damping spring elements ( 8th ) by at least three connecting elements of the first kind ( 5 ) are interconnected. Vibration isolator according to claim 3, characterized in that three connecting elements of the first type ( 5 ) are offset at an angle of about 120 ° to each other.

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