DE202014007445U1 - Multifunctional optical micro-sensor system - Google Patents

Abstract

Halios system for measuring an optical transmission path a. wherein at least one optical receive path filter (FD) is part of the device and is located in at least one of the second transmission links (I2) and b. wherein the receiving path filter (FD) for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H, 2, 3, 4), ie for the transmitter wavelength, and / or for the wavelength of the radiation to be detected, a transmissivity of at least 50% or better 75% or better 88% or better 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99% and c. wherein the reception path filter (FD) for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 9), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5% or better at most 2% or better at most 1% and d. wherein receiving path filter (FD) for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 9), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, an absorption factor of at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99% and e. wherein at least said compensation transmitter (K, 9) and at least one receiver (D, 10) are separated by at least one land (48) such that direct irradiation of said receiver (D, 10) by said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) is not possible and f. wherein said compensation transmitter (K, 9) is placed in a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K) and wherein said land (48) is part of the wall of the compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K) and g. Wherein said receiver (D, 10) is placed in a receiver cavity (CAV_D) and wherein said bridge (48) is part of the wall of the receiver cavity (CAV_D) and h. wherein at least said receiver (D, 10) and said compensation transmitter (K, 9) are optically interconnected by at least one optical path (49) in which, by at least one reflection, light is emitted to a reflector (R) from said compensating transmitter (49). K, 9) can be transmitted to said receiver (D, 10) and i. wherein at least said transmitter (H, 2, 3, 4) and at least said receiver (D, 10) are separated by at least one barrier (17) such that direct irradiation of said receiver (D, 10) by said transmitter Transmitter (H, 2, 3, 4) is not possible and j. wherein at least said transmitter (H, 2, 3, 4) and at least said receiver (D, 10) are optically separated from each other by at least one optical barrier (B2, B3) and k. wherein the device comprises at least one absorber (51) which prevents the emission of light from at least said compensating transmitter (K, 9) in at least one predefined direction and / or towards at least one object (O) to be measured, and l. wherein at least said transmitter (H, 2, 3, 4) and said compensation transmitter (K, 9) radiate the device at different centroid wavelengths.

Description

Introduction and state of the art

Detecting three-dimensional gestures, such as swipe and close gestures, requires sensors capable of detecting the position, motion and orientation of hands.

Besides the use of cameras, the use of simple LED and photodiode based concepts is of particular interest because of the associated costs.

An essential problem, which is known from the prior art, is the available space. Various methods have been developed for increasing the robustness of such optical systems against ambient light and other disturbances.

Systems are known from the prior art, in which a generator (G) generates a transmission signal (S5), with which a transmitter (H) is fed. This transmitter (H) radiates into a receiver (D) after passing through the transmission link to be measured, comprising at least a first partial transmission path (I1) and a second partial transmission path (I2). The receiver output signal (S0) of the receiver (D) is processed by a controller (CT) to a compensation signal (S3), with which a compensation transmitter (K) is fed, again typically linearly superimposed over the transmission path (I3) also in the receiver (D) einstahlt. The compensation signal (S3) is generated in the manner by the controller (CT) from the receiver output signal (S0) and the transmission signal (S5) that the transmission output signal (S0) except for a control error and the system noise no components of the transmission signal (S5) contains more.

Such systems, hereafter referred to as HALIOS systems, are particularly robust against sources of interference, such as sunlight while at the same time being robust against soiling and a drift of the receiver (D). Such a HALIOS system is for example from the DE102010014462A1 or the EP2418512A1 known.

Overall, two different basic system variants of Halios systems are known from the prior art, which can also be mixed, for example, by switching or weighted adjustment of the control properties. Since the first claim relates to these Halios systems in general, a definition of such known from the prior art Halios systems is given below in order to make the claims compact.

• i. entweder in der ersten Variante
• a. es über mindestens einen Signalgenerator (G) verfügt, der mindestens ein Sendesignal (S5) erzeugen kann, das mindestens einen Sender (H) steuert, der in mindestens einen Empfänger (D) einstrahlt, und
• b. es über mindestens einen Regler (CT) verfügt, der mindestens ein Kompensationssendesignal (S3) ausgibt, mit dem mindestens ein Kompensationssender (K) gesteuert wird, der ebenfalls überlagernd zumindest in einen der besagten Empfänger (D) einstrahlt, und
• c. dass der besagte Regler (CT) aus mindestens einem Empfängerausgangssignal (S0) des besagten Empfängers (D) und mindestens einem der besagten Sendesignale (S5) mindestens eines der besagten Kompensationssendesignal (S3) bildet und
• d. und dass der Regler (CT) mindestens einen der besagten Kompensationssender (K) mittels des besagten Kompensationssendesignals (S3) so steuert, dass das besagte Empfängerausgangssignal (S0) des besagten Empfängers (D) bis auf einen Regelfehler und Systemrauschen keine Anteile des Sendesignals (S5) mehr enthält. oder in der zweiten Variante
• e. sie über mindestens einen Signalgenerator (G) verfügt, der mindestens ein Kompensationssendesignal (S3) erzeugen kann, mit dem mindestens ein Kompensationssender (K) gesteuert wird, der zumindest in einen Empfänger (D) einstrahlt und
• f. sie über mindestens einen Regler (CT) verfügt, der mindestens ein Sendesignal (S5) ausgibt, das mindestens einen Sender (H) steuert, der ebenfalls überlagernd in mindestens einen Empfänger (D) einstrahlt, und
• g. dass mindestens einer der besagten Regler (CT) aus mindestens einem Empfängerausgangssignal (S0) eines der besagten Empfänger (D) und mindestens einem besagten Kompensationssendesignal (S3) mindestens eines der besagten Sendesignal (S5) bildet und
• h. und dass der Regler (CT) mindestens einen der besagten Sender (H) mittels mindestens eines der besagten Sendesignals (S5) so steuert, dass das Empfängerausgangssignal des besagten Empfängers (D) bis auf einen Regelfehler und Systemrauschen keine Anteile des Kompensationssendesignals (S3) mehr enthält oder
• i. dass es sich um eine Mischform der ersten und zweiten Variante handelt und
• ii. dass zumindest der besagte optische Sender (H) in mindestens eine erste Übertragungstrecke (I1), die nur teilweise Bestandteil der Vorrichtung ist, hineinsenden kann und
• iii. dass mindestens ein Objekt (O), das kein Bestandteil der Vorrichtung ist, am Ende dieser ersten optischen Übertragungsstrecke (I1) Licht in mindestens eine zweite Übertragungsstrecke (I2), die nur teilweise Bestandteil der Vorrichtung ist, hineinsenden kann, die an mindestens eifern der besagten Empfänger (D), der Bestandteil der Vorrichtung ist, endet und
• iv. dass mindestens dieser Empfänger (D) zumindest das durch den Durchgang durch die erste Übertragungsstrecke (I1) und/oder die zweite Übertragungsstrecke (I2) und/oder die Reflektion am Objekt (O) modifizierte Sendesignal (S5) empfangen kann und in mindestens ein Empfängerausgangssignal (S0) umwandelt und
• v. dass einer der besagten Regler (CT), der Bestandteil der Vorrichtung ist, mindestens eine Signalisierung (S4) ausgibt, die außerhalb der Vorrichtung weiterverwendet werden kann und
• vi. dass diese Signalisierung (S4) einen repräsentativen Messwert für mindestens eine Eigenschaft mindestens einer ersten Übertragungsstrecke (I1) oder einer zweiten Übertragungsstrecke (I2) oder einen repräsentativen Messwert für mindestens eine Eigenschaft mindestens eines Objekts (O) am Ende einer besagten ersten Übertragungsstrecke (I1) oder am Anfang einer besagten zweiten Übertragungsstrecke (I2) darstellt und über eine Signalisierung (S4) zumindest auf Aufforderung ausgegeben wird und
• vii. dass dieser Kompensationssender (K) in mindestens eine dritte Übertragungstrecke (I3) hineinsendet, die vollständig Bestandteil der Vorrichtung ist und
• viii. dass mindestens eine der dritten Übertragungsstrecken (I3) an mindestens einem der besagten Empfänger (D) endet und
• ix. dass zumindest dieser Empfänger (D) zumindest das Signal des besagten Kompensationssenders (K) überlagernd mit dem Signal zumindest eines der Sender (H) empfangen kann

A Halios system in the sense of this disclosure is characterized in that

• i. either in the first variant
• a. it has at least one signal generator (G) which can generate at least one transmission signal (S5) which controls at least one transmitter (H) which radiates into at least one receiver (D), and
• b. it has at least one controller (CT) which outputs at least one compensation transmission signal (S3), with which at least one compensation transmitter (K) is controlled, which also radiates superimposing at least into one of said receivers (D), and
• c. said controller (CT) comprises at least one receiver output signal (S0) of said receiver (D) and at least one of said transmit signals (S5) forming at least one of said compensation transmit signal (S3) and
• d. and in that the controller (CT) controls at least one of said compensation transmitters (K) by means of said compensating transmission signal (S3) such that said receiver output signal (S0) of said receiver (D) does not receive any portions of the transmission signal (S5) except for a control error and system noise ) contains more. or in the second variant
• e. it has at least one signal generator (G) which can generate at least one compensation transmission signal (S3) with which at least one compensation transmitter (K) is irradiated, which at least radiates into a receiver (D) and
• f. it has at least one controller (CT) which outputs at least one transmission signal (S5) which controls at least one transmitter (H), which also radiates superimposing into at least one receiver (D), and
• G. in that at least one of said controllers (CT) comprises at least one receiver output signal (S0) of one of said receivers (D) and at least one compensation transmit signal (S3) of at least one of said transmission signal (S5) and
• H. and that the controller (CT) at least one of said transmitter (H) by means of at least one of said transmission signal (S5) controls so that the receiver output of said receiver (D) except for a control error and system noise no shares of the compensation transmission signal (S3) more contains or
• i. that it is a mixed form of the first and second variant and
• ii. that at least said optical transmitter (H) in at least a first transmission path (I1), which is only partially part of the device, can send in and
• iii. at least one object (O), which is not a component of the device, at the end of this first optical transmission path (I1) can transmit light into at least one second transmission path (I2), which is only part of the device, which at least eifern the said receiver (D), which is part of the device, ends and
• iv. in that at least this receiver (D) can receive at least the transmission signal (S5) modified by the passage through the first transmission path (I1) and / or the second transmission path (I2) and / or the reflection at the object (O) and into at least one receiver output signal (S0) converts and
• v. that one of said controllers (CT), which is part of the device, outputs at least one signaling (S4) which can be reused outside the device, and
• vi. in that this signaling (S4) has a representative measured value for at least one property of at least one first transmission path (I1) or a second transmission path (I2) or a representative measured value for at least one property of at least one object (O) at the end of a said first transmission path (I1). or at the beginning of said second transmission path (I2) and is output via a signaling (S4) at least on request, and
• vii. that this compensation transmitter (K) sends in at least one third transmission link (I3), which is completely part of the device, and
• viii. that at least one of the third transmission links (I3) ends at at least one of said receivers (D) and
• ix. in that at least this receiver (D) can receive at least the signal of said compensating transmitter (K) superimposed on the signal of at least one of the transmitters (H)

Based on 1 . 2 and 3 briefly the prior art is explained in detail. The 1 shows a compensating optical sensor system ( 1 ), consisting of a transmitter (H), a compensation transmitter (K) and a receiver (D). The transmitter (H) radiates via an optical transmission path consisting of a first optical transmission path (I1) and a second optical transmission path (I2) into the receiver (D). In this case, the optical signal is reflected at the transition from the first optical transmission path (I1) to the second optical transmission path (I2) at the object (O) and / or transmitted through this. The compensation transmitter (K) also radiates into a third transmission path (I3), at the end of which the receiver (D) is also located. The two transmission paths typically overlap and / or multiply, with the summation typically being preferred. The receiver (D) is symbolized in this case by a photodiode with a resistor. At this point it should be noted that the drawings are only executed so far that the principle of operation is clear and a skilled person, the reworking of the invention is possible. The drawings are therefore generally only to be understood as a rough schematic sketches. The receiver output signal (S0) serves as input to a controller (CT). The transmit signal (S5) used to modulate the transmitter (H) is generated by a generator (G), which in many cases is also part of the controller (CT) in the prior art. The controller (CT) generates from the receiver output signal (S0) and the transmit signal (S5) used to modulate the transmitter (H) a compensation transmit signal (S3) used to modulate the compensation transmitter (K) such that the receiver output signal (S0) is typically contains no portions of the transmission signal (S5) except for a control error and signal noise. An internal regulator signal (S4) represents a measure of the optical properties of the object (O), such as distance and / or reflectivity, and / or the properties of the first transmission path (I1) and the second transmission path (I2), such as transmittance and / or light transit time through these, dar. In the art, it is common to assume the optical properties of the third transmission path (I3) as known.

In addition, the contains 1 nor elements that are not yet disclosed in the published prior art and are explained below. 2 shows a similar system, like that of the 1 with the difference that here the compensation transmitter (K) is driven by the generator (G) and the transmission signal (S5) is controlled by the controller (CT) so that the receiver output signal (S0) typically no shares of the compensation transmission signal (S3) to to a control error and signal noise more contains. In addition, also contains the 2 nor elements that are not yet disclosed in the prior art and are explained below. In the prior art, different methods for operating such a system and the nature of the controller (CT) are known. In particular, it is possible to use the transmit signal (S5) or the compensation transmit signal (S3) used for modulation of the transmitter (H) in a monofrequency or band-limited manner with a lower limit frequency fmin and an upper limit frequency fmax and a center frequency fmitte = (fmax - fmin) 2 + fmin and a bandwidth fb = (fmax - fmin) / 2. It is known that the spectrum of modulation can be controlled for example by using spreading codes.

In another method ( 3 ), the transmit signal (S5) used to modulate the transmitter (H) and the compensation transmit signal (S3) used to modulate the compensation transmitter (K) are operated at the same modulation frequency and generated by the controller (CT). However, the duty cycles of the typically rectangular signals (S3, S5) are complementary to one another. That is, the transmitter (H) is always modulated or turned on to a higher transmission power by the transmission signal (S5) when the compensation transmitter (K) is attenuated or turned off by the compensation transmission signal (S3), and vice versa. In this case, the controller (CT) does not control the amplitude but the duty cycle of the two signals (S3, S5). The controller receives the send clock through a generator (G). An appropriate device provides 3 represents.

In the prior art, however, no method for optimal adjustment of the operating point of the compensation transmitter is specified.

If such a Halios system to be installed in a single small SMD housing, so there are various challenges in terms of appearance and processability.

If such a system in a single small SMD housing to be installed, there are various challenges in terms of appearance and processability.

Basically, there are two potential transmission links between each transmitter H, the object O in the transmission path and the receiver D: The actual useful path (I1 & I2, I3) and a parasitic transmission path. Thus, the light of the transmitter H is first sent from the transmitter H to the object O and from there again to the photodiode, the receiver D, to be reflected. However, the light of the transmitter H should not fall directly on the photodiode D. For the light of the compensation diode K, the reverse is true: it should only fall directly onto the photodiode D and, if possible, not be scattered onto the object O.

A major problem with the integration of such HALIOS systems in a housing is the suppression of such parasitic couplings. The miniaturization aggravates the problem, which is referred to below as Crosstalk.

Object of the invention

It is the object of the invention to enable the integration of the various optical sensors and sensor components in a single SMD package, to reduce crosstalk and to allow optimum illumination and sensitivity of the system.

Description of the basic invention

The structure and operation of the device according to the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying further figures.

To explain the invention, the technical relationships not disclosed in the published state of the art are now dealt with at this point, since these also serve to suppress interferers. Many essential elements are in the applications DE10 2013 003 791.3 and DE10 2013 005 787.6 such as PCT / DE2013 / 000495 and PCT / DE2014 / 000024 and their subsequent international application with the same priority already named, the disclosure of which is fully part of this disclosure.

1 shows a device according to the invention. The receiver (D) is symbolized by a photodiode with series resistor between ground and supply voltage VDD.

In addition to the state of the art is among others in 1 an optical barrier B is drawn in, which prevents the light from the compensation transmitter, the compensation diode K, from falling directly onto the object (O). The function of this barrier is as follows: In order that the transmitter (H) can irradiate the object (O) via the transmission path (I1), the barrier (B) must have an optical transmission path window (WH) for the radiation, ie the wavelength , the transmitter (H) is transparent. The wavelength of the transmitter (H) is referred to below as the transmitter wavelength. For the analogous reason, the barrier (B) in the region of the second transmission path (I2) must have a second optical reception path window (WD) which is transparent to the radiation to be detected, and in particular to the wavelength of the radiation to be detected. This wavelength of the radiation to be detected is typically of the same wavelength as the radiation of the transmitter (H), ie the transmitter wavelength. But this does not necessarily have to be the case. It is conceivable, for example, that the object (O) fluoresces under the irradiation by the transmitter (H) and that only this fluorescence is to be measured. In this case, the window in the reception path (WD) is typically chosen such that it is transparent only for the wavelength of this fluorescence radiation, ie the fluorescence wavelength.

The light of the compensation transmitter (K) should not escape to the outside. Therefore, it makes sense that the reception path window (WD) and the transmission path window (WH) for the wavelength of this light of the compensation transmitter (K), so the compensation transmitter wavelength, are not permeable, but preferably absorb, These windows should not reflect the light of the compensation transmitter (K) so that the Light is eliminated from the system and does not remain in the system due to multiple reflection and leads to signal distortions. The reception path window (WD) in front of the detector must be transparent to the wavelength of the radiation to be detected, ie typically the transmitter wavelength and / or the fluorescence wavelength, and must reliably suppress radiation of the compensation wavelength. In this case, the compensation transmitter (K) expediently transmits on a different wavelength than the transmitter H. The compensation transmitter wavelength should therefore differ from the transmitter wavelength. The windows are preferably provided with filters, namely a transmission path filter (FH) for the transmission path and a reception path filter (FD) for the receiver path, in order to be able to meet these transmissivity requirements and these reflectivity requirements in an exemplary manner.

For this it is expedient to define the terms.

Hereinafter, transmissivity is the common factor by which the intensity (energy) of a light beam of a given centroid wavelength when passing through a filter or device component is weakened compared to the intensity (energy) of the incident light beam before passing through the object , With a weakening of 50%, the transmissivity is thus for example 50%.

Hereinafter, reflectivity is the common factor by which the intensity (energy) of a light beam having a given centroid wavelength when reflected on a filter or device component is weakened compared to the intensity (energy) of the incident light beam before reflection on the object. With a weakening of 50%, the reflectivity is thus for example 50%.

In the following, the factor by absorption factor is the factor by which the intensity (energy) of a light beam having a given center-of-mass wavelength when reflected on a filter or a housing component and simultaneous transmission through this filter or housing component is weakened in comparison with the intensity (energy). of the incident light beam before reflection on the object. This energy of the light beam thus remains in the filter or in the housing component and is not reflected or transmitted. With a transmissivity of 25% and a reflectivity of 24%, the absorption factor is thus for example 50%.

With regard to the device according to the invention, the transmission path filter (FH) is preferably intended for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H), ie for the transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of optimally 100%, of at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88 % or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%.

The transmission path filter (FH) is preferably for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H), ie for the transmitter wavelength, a reflectivity of 0% optimal, but at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5% or better at most 2% or better at most 1%.

The transmit path filter (FH) should at the same time preferably for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of 0%, but at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5 % or better at most 2% or better at most 1%.

The transmit path filter (FH) should at the same time preferably for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, an absorption factor of optimally 100%, of at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88 % or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%.

The receiving path filter (FD) should preferably for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H), ie for the transmitter wavelength, or wavelength of the radiation to be detected, a transmissivity of optimally 100%, of at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%.

The reception path filter (FH) should at the same time preferably for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of optimally 0%, of at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5 % or better at most 2% or better at most 1%.

The reception path filter (FH) should simultaneously preferably for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, an absorption factor of optimal 100%, but at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88 % or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%.

A high absorption factor for the wavelength of the compensation transmitter (K), ie the compensation wavelength, for the two filters in each case to give preference over an increased reflectivity.

As a result, the receiver (D) is in any case able to receive both the signal of the compensation transmitter (K) and the compensation transmitter diode, as well as the signal of the transmitter (H). The receiver (D) must therefore be sensitive both to the compensation wavelength and to the wavelength of the radiation to be detected, ie typically the transmitter wavelength and / or the fluorescence wavelength.

The use of receive path filters is out of the US20050184301A1 already known (eg 12 , Reference number 85 to 89 US20050184301A1). However, their task is only the selection of the incoming and previously from a measurement object (eg. 18 , Reference number 146 US20050184301A1) radiated back light of a transmitter (eg. 18 , Reference number 132 - 136 US20050184301A1). Here, however, in the device according to the invention, it is necessary to ensure that the comparably reflected light of the transmitter (H) can enter the device according to the invention and thus reach the receiver (D) and secondly the light of the compensation transmitter (K) at the same time can not escape from the system and on the other hand as quickly as possible, so with as few reflections within the system can be eliminated from the system.

If the light of the compensating transmitter (K) could exit, the result would be falsified and the grounding coupling, for example, in Revelation EP2418512A1 is treated extensively, would depend on the properties of the object to be measured (O) in the transmission path consisting of the first transmission path (I1) and the second transmission path (I2).

In addition, all materials, including filters and optics, within the device should be designed so that, if possible at other wavelengths in the following three cases, an absorption factor of optimal 100%, but at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%. The spectral regions with a low absorption factor are first the wavelength of the transmitter (H), ie the transmitter wavelength, and secondly the wavelength of the compensation transmitter (K), ie the compensation wavelength, and thirdly the wavelength of the radiation to be detected , So for example, the fluorescence wavelength and / or the Wellenläge the transmitter (H).

This is especially true for wavelengths that lead to a signal when irradiated in the receiver (D).

The materials of the walls of the housing should at all wavelengths have an absorption factor of at least 100%, but at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%. Of course, this does not apply to optically transparent parts, such as lenses etc.

This is especially true for wavelengths that lead to a signal when irradiated in the receiver (D).

So that the transmitter (H) can not radiate directly into the receiver (D), is another barrier (B2), as for example from the EP2418512A1 known, makes sense. This will prevent or at least prolong the optical path or otherwise attenuate the unwanted direct signal.

So that the compensation transmitter (K) can only radiate into the receiver (D) via a reflection at a reflector (R), it is accommodated in a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K) and thus surrounded by a third optical barrier (B3). This has a compensation path window (WK), by means of which the compensation transmitter (K) can irradiate the receiver (D), which lies in its own receiver cavity (CAV_D), via a reflector (R). At the same time, the compensation path window (WK) fulfills the function of a diaphragm which prevents the light from the compensation transmitter (K) from being fed into other optical paths, which could end, for example, on the object (O). This is especially important if the wavelength selectivity of the previously mentioned filters (FD, FH) is insufficient.

2 shows the device according to the invention accordingly 1 , where now in difference to 1 the transmitter (H) is controlled instead of the compensation transmitter (K).

2 shows the device according to the invention accordingly 1 and 2 , in contrast to the 1 and 2 the transmitter (H) and the compensation transmitter (K) are controlled by the controller (CT).

The prior art elements have been discussed above.

4 shows the device according to the invention in an exemplary supervision.

In the exemplary apparatus ( 1 ) are, for example, three LEDs ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) as a transmitter H and a photodiode ( 9 ) as receiver D. Of course, more receivers and a different number of transmitters can be chosen. The controller CT and possibly also the generator G must then be adjusted if necessary. The photodiode ( 9 ) receives the light emitted by the object O of the transmitter ( 2 . 3 . 4 ). The object O is in the 4 not drawn and is thought above the plane in the direction of the viewer. Furthermore, in the device ( 1 ) an integrated preamplifier ( 8th ). Likewise, in the device ( 1 ) the compensation transmitter K ( 9 ). All elements ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 10 . 9 . 8th ) are mounted on top of a common lead frame. The electrical connection is made by bonding, preferably a gold wire bond. Also, a lip ( 17 ), which as a barrier B2 the transmitting diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) as transmitter H from the photodiode ( 10 ), which is the receiver D, optically separates. Above each of the transmitting diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) is in each case a lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 ), which serves for light beam shaping.

The packaging technology used is that of the Molded Interconnection Device. Here, a three-dimensionally deformed leadframe is molded with molding compound. The advantage of such a Molded Interconnection Device (MID) technology is the possibility of direct implementation of electrical circuits, which would otherwise typically be made in PCB or FPCB technology, where the conversion is done without additional materials only by means of a special leadframe structure.

On the underside of the MID leadframe is an integrated evaluation circuit ( 12 ) (IC) for controlling the transmitters ( 2 . 3 . 4 ), the evaluation of the signals of the photodiode ( 10 ), the activation of the compensation transmitter diode ( 9 ) and the communication with the computer of the payload system (via S4), such as a mobile phone placed. The circuit ( 12 ) thus typically contains the controller CT. The contacts (eg 14 ) of this evaluation circuit ( 12 ) with the contacts (eg 13 ) of the lead frame connected by bonding. The evaluation circuit ( 12 ) preferably in a recess of the housing, so that the bonding wires are covered after molding by molding compound. Due to the special shape and the lead frame, however, a soldering on this side of the housing is still possible. For handling during assembly in this example recesses ( 16 ), which is a scratching of the contacts ( 11 ) when using a suitable gripping tool that uses these recesses as clamping points.

As already explained above, an essential problem to be solved is the suppression of the parasitic couplings between the transmitting diodes (FIG. 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the recipient ( 10 ). For this purpose, the housing has an optical barrier ( 17 ), the optical path between the transmitters ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the photodiode ( 10 ) and thus reduces the coupling via parasitic paths.

The optical barrier ( 17 ) are designed in relatively many freedom lines. In particular, the said barrier ( 17 ) with slightly slanted walls to ensure that the entire enclosure can be easily removed from an injection mold.

5 shows again the exemplary position and shape of the barrier ( 17 ) on the top of the case from two different sides. This prolongs the parasitic optical path.

Of particular importance are the integrated micro-lenses ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ). These are above the transmitter ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the photodiode ( 10 ). this shows 6 , The lenses ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ). are made of an optically transparent material. On the sender side they provide ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ) for alignment and shape of the particular transmitter ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) radiated beam (Beams) ( 36 . 37 . 38 in 9 ) in a preferred direction. The main focuses are ( 18 . 20 . 22 ) the transmitter ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) with respect to the respective optical axis ( 19 . 21 . 23 ) of the associated lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) typically offset. Depending on the amount and orientation of the offset of the respective lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 ). changes the orientation of the radiation lobe ( 36 . 37 . 38 ) of the associated transmitter diode ( 2 . 3 . 4 ). Size and focal length of each lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) determine the shape of the respective beam ( 36 . 37 . 38 ). The lenses ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ) do not necessarily have to be cylindrically symmetric. It is quite conceivable that they can also have other shapes, for example, be elliptical. Also, the lenses ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ) have more than two focal lengths. The embodiment is particularly preferably in each case as a Fresnel lens. Such lenses can be made, for example, by injection molding of transparent plastics. Transparency refers to the radiation used for transmission and reception. Similarly, on the receiver side, lenses ( 40 ) are used to form a sensitivity lobe. Here, too, the focal points ( 24 ) of the photodiodes ( 10 ) relative to the optical axis ( 25 ) of the associated lens ( 40 ) be offset analogously to the above-described method of Abstrahlkeulenformung for the transmitting diodes. In the example in 6 are this focus ( 24 ) and the impact point of the optical axis ( 25 ) but one above the other. This, as explained, does not necessarily have to be the case, depending on the application.

It is particularly advantageous if the sensitivity lobe or lobes are shaped in such a way that the degree of coverage of the sensitivity lobes and the emission lobes in the region of interest above the sensor is maximized. This maximizes the sensitivity of the system, which is important for motion detection, for example.

If the system is to be used, for example, for gesture recognition, it makes sense if the emission lobes ( 36 . 37 . 38 ) show in different directions, so for example in three radiation lobes in each case by 120 ° about the axis perpendicular to the top turned directions show. In that case, it makes sense if the emission lobes overlap a little, but this overlap should preferably be no more than 60 °. An emission lobe should therefore not be wider than 240 °. The sensitivity lobe should cover the entire relevant area.

It is of course particularly advantageous if the respective lens ( 40 ) of the respective receiver (D) (photodiode ( 10 )) is permeable only to the wavelengths that are necessary for the transmitting diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) be used. The wavelengths of the transmitting diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) also need not be identical. It is quite conceivable that quite deliberately different colors or wavelengths for several transmitting diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) to get voted. This makes it possible to produce a miniaturized color sensor. For example, the receiver (D), ie the photodiode ( 10 ), be sensitive to optically visible light of all colors and infrared light and transmitters ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) of three red LEDs (red) 2 ), Blue ( 3 ) and green ( 4 ) consist. As compensation transmitter (D, 9 ) then, for example, an infrared LED can be used.

7 shows a cross section through the device. In the case of the exemplary device, the lead frame is guided on two levels ( 27 . 26 ). As a result, components of different heights can be processed.

A Wall ( 52 ) surrounds the cavities ( 28 ) into which the components ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 8th . 9 . 10 . 12 ) are introduced. On the side of the transmitter ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 9 ) and receiver ( 10 ), the cavity is typically provided with a transparent potting compound ( 28 ) filled with high refractive index. In the area of the compensation diode, this ( 28 ) with an optical cover ( 51 ), which will be described later.

8th shows a horizontal section through the device. To recognize are different lines ( 29 ), which are part of the MID leadframe. The transmitters ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) are on the islands ( 32 . 33 . 34 ) typically applied by gluing or by soldering. The latter has advantages when high thermal power must be eliminated. The position of the barrier ( 17 ) is also shown for better orientation. Part of the pipes ( 29 ) leads to contacts ( 11 ) of the device ( 1 ). Internal connections are of course possible. But you need a support that is separated after the mold process. The compensation diode ( 9 ) is also placed on a suitable die-paddle ( 35 ) applied. Likewise, the photodiode ( 10 ) on the associated paddle ( 31 ) and the preamplifier ( 8th ) to be up ( 30 ) The paddle is applied.

9 shows again the different exemplary directions ( 36 . 37 . 38 ) of the emission lobes of the transmitting diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the device ( 1 ) and the associated lenses ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ). For better orientation again the barrier ( 17 ).

In order to couple the light into the lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) on the transmitting side, it is useful if the bottom ( 41 ) of the lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) not perpendicular to the lens axis ( 19 . 21 . 23 ) is arranged, but by an angle α relative to this vertical surface ( 43 ) is tilted. this shows 10 ,

It has been shown that an angle of 18 ° for α is particularly advantageous when the transmitter diode is moved out of the axis by 15 °. The lens has, for example, a diameter of about 200 microns.

11 shows another horizontal cross section through the device according to the invention ( 1 ). To recognize the recesses ( 16 ), which serve for handling during assembly. The transmitters ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) are in separate transmitter cavities ( 53 . 54 . 55 ) housed. These lead to a good optical decoupling. The compensation transmitter (K) also has a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K), here the cavity ( 57 ) for the Compensation diode ( 9 ), through a bridge ( 48 ) from the corresponding receiver cavity (CAV_D), here the cavity ( 56 ) for the photodiode ( 10 ), is separated. In one area ( 49 ) is this bridge ( 48 ) but in height modified so that light from the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation diode ( 9 ), to the receiver (D), ie the photodiode ( 10 ), in the manner described below can get. The cavities are down to the compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K), here the cavity ( 57 ) of the compensation transmission diode ( 9 ), optically open at the top.

There remains the already mentioned problem of optimal optical coupling of the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation diode ( 9 ), with the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ). This coupling is in the 12 and 13 discussed.

12 shows a cross section of the exemplary device ( 1 ) by the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation diode ( 9 ), and the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ). The receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ), must in particular as possible from above and not from the side with the light of the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation diode ( 9 ), since the photosensitive layers of the photodiode ( 10 ) are typically located on the surface thereof. This problem is in the exemplary device according to the invention ( 1 ) solved so that the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation diode ( 9 ), Light radiates upwards.

Due to the different refractive index between the transparent cover mass ( 28 ) and air it comes to a reflection of the light back into the housing. This reflection occurs when the angle of incidence of the light of the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation transmitter diode ( 9 ), on the interface of the transparent potting compound ( 28 ) is so flat that total reflection occurs. Naturally, this reflected-back light falls from above onto the receiver (D), the photodiode (as desired). 10 ) (see also 13 ). Light coming directly from the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation transmitter diode ( 9 ), to the receiver (D), the photodiode ( 10 ), could be scattered at this, fall on the object to be measured (O) and back to the photodetector ( 10 ) and thus disturb the measuring signal (S4) and the controller (CT). This is done by the said bridge ( 48 ) prevents the receiver cavity (CAV_D), here the cavity ( 56 ) of the photodiode ( 10 ), of the compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K), here the cavity ( 57 ) of the compensation transmission diode ( 9 ), separates. Only such light of the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation transmitter diode ( 9 ), which at the boundary layer of the transparent cover mass ( 28 ) has been mirrored, can thus on the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ), fall. The opening ( 49 ) above the bridge ( 48 ) for this desired transmission from the compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K), here the cavity ( 57 ), into the receiver cavity (CAV_D), here the cavity ( 56 ), is thereby designed so that by the thus transmitted light as possible exclusively the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ), is irradiated. The area ( 49 ) works like an optical waveguide.

For an indirect irradiation of the object (O) by the compensation transmitter K (compensation transmitter diode ( 9 )), it is necessary, not by total reflection on the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ), radiated light as quickly as possible from the system ( 1 ) to eliminate.

For this purpose, the material of the housing of the device ( 1 ) is preferably carried out in a material which can absorb all radiation in the wavelength ranges in which this radiation can escape from the housing and in all wavelength ranges in which the transmitters ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 9 ), absorbs.

All should therefore be made as matt as possible in order to diffuse the little light, which is still reflected diffuse. Of course, this does not apply to optical user surfaces such as, for example, the upper boundary layer of the transparent potting compound ( 28 ) at which total reflection is to occur and the surfaces of the optical windows (WD, WH) or filters (FD, FH) or lenses ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ).

On the upper boundary layer is also an absorber ( 51 ), the radiation of the compensation transmitter diode ( 9 ), not by total reflection on the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ), and therefore from the housing of the device ( 1 ) would escape uncontrolled, absorbed and thus eliminated from the system.

The angles and shapes of the housing surfaces should be designed so that multiple reflection can not possibly result in a light path on the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ) ends.

Another problem that arises is the reflection at the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ). So that the light in the receiver (D), here the silicon of the photodiode ( 10 ), it must be irradiated at an angle which is as perpendicular as possible, since the speed of light in the material of the receiver (D) and here in particular in the silicon of the photodiode ( 10 ) is considerably smaller than in the waveguide.

It is useful, but not essential, to use the Die Paddle ( 31 ) of the receiver, here the photodiode ( 10 ), compared to the Paddle ( 35 ) of the compensation transmitter (K), here the compensation transmitter diode ( 9 ), to tilt. This tilting would lead to a reduced sensitivity of the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ), with respect to the reception of optical radiation, which is reflected back from the object (O). Therefore, it makes sense further, the coupling into the receiver (D), here the photodiode ( 10 ) by an oblique prism as for the transmitter (H), here the transmitter diodes ( 2 . 3 . 4 ), to optimize.

Finally, it should be noted that the receiver (D) and in this case in particular the photodiode ( 10 ), typically made of silicon, may be transparent to a portion of the radiation. In this case, there may be a reflection of the light at the bottom of the receiver (D), so the photodiode ( 10 ), come. Although this increases the efficiency of the receiver, so the photodiode ( 10 ), but ultimately leads to a distortion of the receiver output signal (S0). Therefore, it makes sense, the receiver (D), so here the photodiode ( 10 ), with a glue on the die paddle ( 31 ), which for such wavelength ranges, the receiver (D), so the photodiode ( 10 ), can happen, has an absorbing effect.

Finally, the operating point setting will be discussed briefly.

Between the transmitter (H) and the compensation transmitter (K) is typically a second barrier (B2), which prevents the light of the transmitter (H) from entering the compensation path. The compensation transmitter (K) is preferably accommodated in a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K), which optically completely separates the compensation transmitter (K) from the outside world except for an optical compensation path window (WK). One of the functions of this optical compensation path window is to allow the light of the compensation transmitter (K) to fall only on the receiver (D) and to attenuate this light as it passes through the compensation path so that the light of the compensation transmitter reaches approximately the full scale the same light intensity on the photodiode, so the receiver (D) falls as the light of the transmitter (H) under optimal conditions, such as minimum distance of the object (O) from the sensor system ( 1 ) and maximum reflectivity of the object (O). This ensures that the electro-optical operating point of the compensation transmitter (K) defined by the illumination intensity of the signal of the compensation transmitter (K) on the receiver (D) and electrical power supply of the compensation transmitter (K), for example, electric current of the current compensation of the compensation transmitter (K), in at least one typical operating point approximately coincide with the corresponding electro-optical operating point of the transmitter (H). The receiver (D) is also typically optically largely separated from the outside world by a receiver cavity (CAV_D). Only the said compensation path window (WK) and a reception path window (WD) allow the access of light to the receiver cavity (CAV_D) and thus to the receiver (D). It has been shown that it is favorable if the wall (B) which optically separates the receiver (D) from the object (O) and / or the second barrier (B2) is provided with a reflector (R), the light of the compensation transmitter (K) on the receiver (D) scatters, that this is illuminated over its entire surface. This is typically necessary because the compensation path window (WK) typically needs to have a smaller area than the most sensitive receiver (D). Thus, it is possible, on the one hand, to control the light intensity of the signal of the compensation transmitter (K) by the cross-sectional area and the attenuation of the compensation path window (WK) and, nevertheless, to illuminate the receiver (D) over the whole area. For this purpose, the scattered light of the reflector (R) should have a diffuse light component that is greater than 5%, better than 10%, better than 25%, better than 50%, better than 75%, better than 85%, better than 90%.

This makes it possible, in particular for a compensation transmitter (K), which is of the same type as a transmitter (H), to operate both compensation transmitter (K) and transmitter (H) in a same electro-optical operating point for a typical application. The same electro-optical operating point is defined by the same luminous intensity (light energy) of the compensation transmitter (K) and the transmitter (H) with the same optical radiation density integrated over the receiving surface of the receiver (D) on the receiver (D). This has the advantage that the temperature coefficients of transmitter (H) and compensation transmitter (K) in this electro-optical operating point are equal to each other, whereby a temperature-induced drift of the measuring signal (S4) is reduced. Since the luminous intensity (light energy radiation) of the compensation transmitter (K) and the transmitter (H), for example in the case of light-emitting diodes, for example, depends on the impressed operating current of the light emitting diodes means a same light intensity (light energy radiation) in about a same power working point. The same can be stated for the electrical power and / or electrical voltage, depending on how the light-emitting diodes are driven.

The compensation transmitter (K) and the transmitter (H) therefore radiate in at least one system operating point, characterized by an object (O) to be measured within an intended object distance to the receiver (D) and by a reflectivity of more than 0% of that on the Object (O) by the transmitter (H) radiated light output, each a light output from the not more than 25%, better not more than 10%, better not more than 5%, better not more than 2%, better not more than 1% between compensating transmitter (K) and transmitter (H) are different.

In addition, it makes sense to optically configure the receive path window (WD) and / or an optionally associated receive path filter (FD) only for the light to be detected. This can in particular be done so that it is transparent to light of the wavelength of the transmitter (H) or the light to be detected, so the light of the transmitter (H) or the light to be detected at its center of gravity wavelength not more than 50% better not more than 25%, better not more than 10%, better not more than 5%, better, not more than 2%, better not more than 1%. The wavelength of the light to be detected may deviate from the center-of-mass wavelength of the transmitter (H). This is important, for example, in the measurement of fluorescence properties of the object (O). The attenuation is calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the receive path filter (FD) divided by the intensity of the light behind the receive path filter (FD). At the same time, the reception path filter (FD), ie the reception path window (WD), should be opaque to light of the wavelength of the interferer, ie the light of the interferer at least at its centroid wavelength by more than 50% better than 75%, better more than 90%, better more than 95%, better, more than 98%, better more than 99% steam. The attenuation is again calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the Receive Path Filter (FD) divided by the intensity of the light behind the Receive Path Filter (FD). Even better, these attenuation ratios apply to the integral attenuation of the interferer light in the spectral region where the receiver (D) is sensitive. It should not go unmentioned that the transmit path also typically has a transmit path window (WH) that can be provided with a transmit path filter (FH). It makes sense to make the transmit path filter (FH) optically transparent only to the light of the transmitter (H). This can in particular be done in such a way that it is transparent for light of the wavelength of the transmitter (H), ie the light of the transmitter (H) at its center-of-mass wavelength is not more than 50% better not more than 25%, better not more than 10% , better not more than 5%, better, not more than 2%, better not more than 1% attenuates. The attenuation is calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the transmit path filter (FH) divided by the intensity of the light behind the transmit path filter (FH). At the same time, the transmission path filter (FH), ie the transmission path window (WH) for light the wavelength of an application-typical interferer, such as a fluorescent tube, be intransparent, so the light of the interferer at least at its centroid wavelength by more than 50% better than 75%, better more than 90%, better more than 95%, better, more than 98%, better more than 99% steam. The attenuation is calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the transmit path filter (FH) divided by the intensity of the light after passing through the transmit path filter (FH). Even better, these attenuation ratios apply to the integral attenuation of the interferer light in the spectral region where the receiver (D) is sensitive. The penetration of the interferer's light into the system ( 1 ) can be prevented or at least reduced in this way. Incidentally, the compensation transmitter can be understood as a disturbance if its light can escape from the system, fall on the object and can return to the receiver (D) in some other way than the intended compensation path.

It is therefore useful if the compensation transmitter (K), if possible working on a different wavelength than the transmitter (H).

Finally, the setting of the electro-optical operating point will be briefly described.

Between the transmitter (H) and the compensation transmitter (K) is typically a second barrier (B2), which prevents the light of the transmitter (H) from entering the compensation path. The compensation transmitter (K) is preferably accommodated in a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K), which optically completely separates the compensation transmitter (K) from the outside world except for an optical compensation path window (WK). One of the functions of this optical compensation path window is to allow the light of the compensation transmitter (K) to fall only on the receiver (D) and to attenuate this light as it passes through the compensation path so that the light of the compensation transmitter reaches approximately the full scale the same light intensity on the photodiode, so the receiver (D) falls as the light of the transmitter (H) under optimal conditions, such as minimum distance of the object (O) from the sensor system ( 1 ) and maximum reflectivity of the object (O). This ensures that the electro-optical operating point of the compensation transmitter (K) defined by the illumination intensity of the signal of the compensation transmitter (K) on the receiver (D) and electrical power supply of the compensation transmitter (K), for example, electric current of the current compensation of the compensation transmitter (K), in at least one typical operating point approximately coincide with the corresponding electro-optical operating point of the transmitter (H). Of the Receiver (D) is also typically optically separated from the outside world by a receiver cavity (CAV_D). Only the said compensation path window (WK) and a reception path window (WD) allow the access of light to the receiver cavity (CAV_D) and thus to the receiver (D). It has been shown that it is favorable if the wall (B) which optically separates the receiver (D) from the object (O) and / or the second barrier (B2) is provided with a reflector (R), the light of the compensation transmitter (K) on the receiver (D) scatters, that this is illuminated over its entire surface. This is typically necessary because the compensation path window (WK) typically needs to have a smaller area than the most sensitive receiver (D). Thus, it is possible, on the one hand, to control the light intensity of the signal of the compensation transmitter (K) by the cross-sectional area and the attenuation of the compensation path window (WK) and, nevertheless, to illuminate the receiver (D) over the whole area. For this purpose, the scattered light of the reflector (R) should have a diffuse light component that is greater than 5%, better than 10%, better than 25%, better than 50%, better than 75%, better than 85%, better than 90%.

This makes it possible, in particular for a compensation transmitter (K), which is of the same type as a transmitter (H), to operate both compensation transmitter (K) and transmitter (H) in a same electro-optical operating point for a typical application. The same electro-optical operating point is defined by the same luminous intensity (light energy) of the compensation transmitter (K) and the transmitter (H) with the same optical radiation density integrated over the receiving surface of the receiver (D) on the receiver (D). This has the advantage that the temperature coefficients of transmitter (H) and compensation transmitter (K) in this electro-optical operating point are equal to each other, whereby a temperature-induced drift of the measuring signal (S4) is reduced. Since the luminous intensity (light energy radiation) of the compensation transmitter (K) and the transmitter (H), for example in the case of light-emitting diodes, for example, depends on the impressed operating current of the light emitting diodes means a same light intensity (light energy radiation) in about a same power working point. The same can be stated for the electrical power and / or electrical voltage, depending on how the light-emitting diodes are driven.

The compensation transmitter (K) and the transmitter (H) therefore radiate in at least one system operating point, characterized by an object (O) to be measured within an intended object distance to the receiver (D) and by a reflectivity of more than 0% of that on the Object (O) by the transmitter (H) radiated light output, each a light output from the not more than 25%, better not more than 10%, better not more than 5%, better not more than 2%, better not more than 1% between compensating transmitter (K) and transmitter (H) are different.

In addition, it makes sense to optically configure the receive path window (WD) and / or an optionally associated receive path filter (FD) only for the light to be detected. This can in particular be done so that it is transparent to light of the wavelength of the transmitter (H) or the light to be detected, so the light of the transmitter (H) or the light to be detected at its center of gravity wavelength not more than 50% better not more than 25%, better not more than 10%, better not more than 5%, better, not more than 2%, better not more than 1%. The wavelength of the light to be detected may deviate from the center-of-mass wavelength of the transmitter (H). This is important, for example, in the measurement of fluorescence properties of the object (O). The attenuation is calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the receive path filter (FD) divided by the intensity of the light behind the receive path filter (FD). At the same time, the receive path filter (FD), ie the receive path window (WD), should be non-transparent to light of the wavelength of the interferer, ie the light of the interferer at least at whose center-of-mass wavelength is more than 50% better than 75%, better more than 90%, better more than 95%, better, more than 98%, better more than 99%. The attenuation is again calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the Receive Path Filter (FD) divided by the intensity of the light behind the Receive Path Filter (FD). Even better, these attenuation ratios apply to the integral attenuation of the interferer light in the spectral region where the receiver (D) is sensitive. It should not go unmentioned that the transmit path also typically has a transmit path window (WH) that can be provided with a transmit path filter (FH). It makes sense to make the transmit path filter (FH) optically transparent only to the light of the transmitter (H). This can in particular be done in such a way that it is transparent for light of the wavelength of the transmitter (H), ie the light of the transmitter (H) at its center-of-mass wavelength is not more than 50% better not more than 25%, better not more than 10% , better not more than 5%, better, not more than 2%, better not more than 1% attenuates. The attenuation is calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the transmit path filter (FH) divided by the intensity of the light behind the transmit path filter (FH). At the same time, the transmission path filter (FH), ie the transmission path window (WH) for light the wavelength of an application-typical interferer, such as a fluorescent tube, be intransparent, so the light of the interferer at least at its centroid wavelength by more than 50% better than 75%, better more than 90%, better more than 95%, better, more than 98%, better more than 99% steam. The attenuation is calculated as 100% minus the intensity of the light before the transmit path filter (FH) divided by the intensity of the light after passing through the transmit path filter (FH). Even better, these attenuation ratios apply to the integral attenuation of the interferer light in the spectral region where the receiver (D) is sensitive. The penetration of the interferer's light into the system ( 1 ) can be prevented or at least reduced in this way. Incidentally, the compensation transmitter can be understood as a disturbance if its light can escape from the system, fall on the object and can return to the receiver (D) in some other way than the intended compensation path.

It is therefore useful if the compensation transmitter (K), if possible working on a different wavelength than the transmitter (H).

The apparatus and method are particularly suitable for use in automobiles with increased electromagnetic compatibility requirements.

The apparatus and method are particularly suitable for use in automobiles with increased electromagnetic compatibility requirements.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010014462 A1 [0005]
• EP 2418512 A1 [0005, 0036, 0041]
• DE 102013003791 [0018]
• DE 102013005787 [0018]
• DE 2013/000495 [0018]
• DE 2014/000024 [0018]
• US 20050184301 A1 [0035]

Claims (25)

Halios system for measuring an optical transmission path a. wherein at least one optical receive path filter (FD) is part of the device and is located in at least one of the second transmission links (I2) and b. wherein the reception path filter (FD) for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ), ie for the transmitter wavelength, and / or for the wavelength of the radiation to be detected, a transmissivity of at least 50% or better 75% or better 88% or better 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99% and c. the receive path filter (FD) being the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5% or better at most 2% or better at most 1% and d. wherein receiving path filter (FD) for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, has an absorption factor of at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99% and e. at least the said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) and at least one receiver (D, 10 ) by at least one bridge ( 48 ) are separated such that direct irradiation of said receiver (D, 10 ) by the said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) is not possible and f. wherein said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) is placed in a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K) and wherein said bridge ( 48 ) is a part of the wall of the compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K) and g. Wherein said receiver (D, 10 ) is placed in a receiver cavity (CAV_D) and wherein said bridge ( 48 ) is a part of the wall of the receiver cavity (CAV_D) and h. at least the said receiver (D, 10 ) and the said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) by at least one optical path ( 49 ) are optically interconnected, in which by at least one reflection of light at a reflector (R) of said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) to said receiver (D, 10 ) and i. at least the said transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and at least said receiver (D, 10 ) by at least one barrier ( 17 ) are separated such that direct irradiation of said receiver (D, 10 ) through said transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) is not possible and j. at least the said transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and at least said receiver (D, 10 ) are optically separated from each other by at least one optical barrier (B2, B3) and k. wherein the device comprises at least one absorber ( 51 ), the radiation of light from at least the said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) in at least one predefined direction and / or in the direction of at least one object to be measured (O) is prevented and l. at least the said transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) of the device with different center of gravity wavelength. Halios system according to claim 1 a. wherein at least one optical transmit path filter (FH), part of the device and in at least one of the second transmission links (FH) 12 ) and b. the transmit path filter (FH) preferably for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ), ie for the transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of at least 50% or better 75% or better 88% or better 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99% and c. wherein the transmission path filter (FH) for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ), ie for the transmitter wavelength, has a reflectivity of at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5% or better at most 2% or better at most 1% and d. wherein the transmission path filter (FH) for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ), that is to say for the compensation transmitter wavelength, a transmissivity of at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5% or better at most 2% or better at most 1% and e. wherein the transmit path filter (FH) preferably for the wavelength of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 2 . 3 . 4 ), ie for the compensation transmitter wavelength, has an absorption factor of at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%. Halios system characterized in that • in at least one optical first transmission path (I1) or second transmission path ( 12 ) at least one lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ), which is part of the device, and • that the center of gravity ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 ) at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) or at least one recipient (D, 10 ) not in the optical axis ( 19 . 21 . 23 . 25 ) at least one associated lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ) and that is optically coupled with this. Halios system characterized by • that the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) via a compensation path in the form of a third transmission path (I3) in the receiver (D, 10 ) and that the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) is placed in a compensation transmitter cavity (CAV_K) and • and that this compensation path (I3) i. a compensation path window (WK, 49 ) and ii. a reflector (R) and • that the reflector (R) the spatial distribution of the light of the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) on the receiver (D, 10 ) and • that the compensation path window (WK, 49 ) reduces the intensity of the light of the compensation transmitter (K) on the receiver (D). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises at least one absorber ( 51 ), which monitors the emission of light from at least one compensating transmitter (K, 9 ) is prevented in at least one predefined direction and / or in the direction of at least one object (O) to be measured. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • in at least one optical first transmission path (I1) or second transmission path (I2) at least one lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ), which is part of the device, and • this lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ) of the device on at least one surface of the lens is designed as a Fresnel lens. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least one compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) and at least one receiver (D, 10 ) by at least one bridge ( 48 ) are separated such that direct irradiation of said receiver (D, 10 ) by the said compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) not possible. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and at least one receiver (D, 10 ) by at least one barrier ( 17 ) are separated such that direct irradiation of said receiver (D, 10 ) through said transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) not possible. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the receivers (D, 10 ) and transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 . 9 ) by at least one transparent mass ( 28 ) and these at least one optical path ( 49 ), in which by at least one reflection of light from at least one of the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) to at least one of the receivers (D, 10 ) can be transmitted. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the underside ( 41 ) at least one lens ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 40 ) with respect to at least one lens axis ( 19 . 21 . 23 . 25 ) is tilted or at least partially not perpendicular to its optical axis. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by at least two emission lobes ( 36 . 37 . 38 ) are not congruent. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least two sensitivity lobes are not congruent. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 11 characterized by • that at least one reception lobe with at least one emission lobe has areas of congruence. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that • that at least one optical filter, a transmit path filter (FH) and / or a receive path filter (FD) is part of the device and is located in at least one of the first, second or third transmission links (I1) or (I2) or (I3). Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that • the transmitter wavelength, that is to say the center-of-mass wavelength of at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ), differs from the wavelength of the radiation to be detected and • that the receiving path filter (FD) for wavelength of the radiation to be detected transmissivity of at least 50% or better 75% or better 88% or better 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99% and • that the receive path filter (FD) for the wavelength of the light of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ), ie for the transmitter wavelength, has a transmissivity of at most 50% or better at most 25% or better at most 12% or better at most 5% or better at most 2% or better at most 1% and • that the receive path filter (FD) for the wavelength the light of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ), ie for the transmitter wavelength, an absorption factor of at least 25% or better at least 50% or better at least 75% or better at least 88% or better at least 95% or better at least 98% or better at least 99%. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least two elements from the total quantity of transmitters and compensation transmitters (H, K, 2 . 3 . 4 . 9 ) of the device with different center of gravity wavelength. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and at least one receiver (D, 10 ) are optically separated from each other by at least one optical barrier (B2). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the scattered light of at least one reflector (R) has a diffused light component which is greater than 5% and / or greater than 10% and / or greater than 25% and / or greater than 50 % and or greater than 75% and / or greater than 85% and / or greater than 90% Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the reception path has at least one reception path filter (FD) and • that the reception path filter (FD) for the center wavelength of the light to be detected and / or the light of at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) is transparent, wherein transparent means that • that the light to be detected and / or the light of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) at its centroid wavelength by not more than 50% and / or not more than 25% and / or not more than 10% and / or not more than 5% and / or not more than 2% and / or not more than 1% when passing through the receive path filter (FD) is attenuated. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the reception path filter (FD) is intransparent for the centroid wavelength of an interferer, where intransparent means that the interferer's light at its centroid wavelength is more than 50% and / or more than 75% and / or more than 90% and / or more than 95% and / or more than 98% and / or more than 99% is attenuated when passing through the receive path filter (FD). Device according to Claim 19 and / or 20, characterized in that the reception path filter (FD) is intransparent for the center wavelength of an interferer and the interference light transmitted by the reception path filter (FD) is integrated over the wavelength ranges in which the receiver (D, 10 ) is sensitive to light, integrated by more than 50% and / or more than 75% and / or more than 90% and / or more than 95% and / or more than 98% and / or more than 99% when passing through the receive path filter (FD) is attenuated. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the transmission path has at least one transmission path filter (FH) and • that the transmission path filter (FH) is optically opaque to the light of an interferer, in particular a fluorescent tube and / or sunlight, being intransparent means that the transmit path filter (FH) at least at its centroid wavelength by at least the centroid wavelength of the transmit path filter (FH) by more than 50% and / or more than 75% and / or more than 90% and / or more than 95% and / or more than 98% and / or more than 99% is attenuated when passing through the transmit path filter (FH). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • the transmission path has at least one transmission path filter (FH) and • that the transmission path filter (FD) is intransparent for the center wavelength of an interferer and • the interferer light transmitted by the transmission path filter (FH) integrated over the wavelength ranges in which the receiver (D, 10 ) is sensitive to light, integrated by more than 50% and / or more than 75% and / or more than 90% and / or more than 95% and / or more than 98% and / or more than 99% when passing through the transmit path filter (FH) is attenuated. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least one compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) has a different center-of-mass wavelength than at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and • that at least one receiver (D, 10 ) for the centroid wavelength of the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) and the centroid wavelength of the compensation end (K, 9 ) is sensitive. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at least one compensation transmitter (K) and at least one transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) in at least one system operating point, which is characterized by an object (O) to be measured within an intended object distance to the receiver (D, 9 ) and by a reflectivity of the object (O) of more than 0% of the object (O) through the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) radiated light power, each emitting a light output that is not more than 25% and / or not more than 10% and / or not more than 5% and / or not more than 2% and / or not more than 1% between the compensation transmitter (K, 9 ) and the transmitter (H, 2 . 3 . 4 ) differs from each other.

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