DE202013011997U1 - Photoelectrode with a protective layer - Google Patents
Photoelectrode with a protective layer Download PDFInfo
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- DE202013011997U1 DE202013011997U1 DE202013011997.7U DE202013011997U DE202013011997U1 DE 202013011997 U1 DE202013011997 U1 DE 202013011997U1 DE 202013011997 U DE202013011997 U DE 202013011997U DE 202013011997 U1 DE202013011997 U1 DE 202013011997U1
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004012 SiCx Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017875 a-SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019899 RuO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 WO 3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
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- B01J35/19—
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- B01J35/39—
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- B01J35/393—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/348—Electrochemical processes, e.g. electrochemical deposition or anodisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/349—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of flames, plasmas or lasers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
Photoelektrode für photoelektrokatalytische Verfahren mit einer Schutzschicht und mindestens einer photoaktiven Halbleiterschicht, wobei die Schutzschicht mindestens wasserbeständig und für sichtbares Licht transparent ist und auf der lichteinfallenden Seite der photoaktiven Halbleiterschicht angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzschicht aus SiNx oder SiOx oder SiCx oder Al2O3 gebildet und Löcher mit einem Durchmesser im nm-Bereich aufweist, die mit einem Katalysator gefüllt sind.Photoelectrode for photoelectrocatalytic processes comprising a protective layer and at least one photoactive semiconductor layer, wherein the protective layer is at least water-resistant and transparent to visible light and is arranged on the light-incident side of the photoactive semiconductor layer, characterized in that the protective layer is formed from SiNx or SiOx or SiCx or Al2O3 and holes with a diameter in the nm range, which are filled with a catalyst.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Photoelektrode für photoelektrokatalytische Verfahren mit einer Schutzschicht und mindestens einer photoaktiven Halbleiterschicht. The invention relates to a photoelectrode for photoelectrocatalytic processes with a protective layer and at least one photoactive semiconductor layer.
Photoelektroden sind Bestandteil von Anordnungen zur Durchführung photokatalytischer Prozesse, wie z. B. der Wasserstofferzeugung und der Wasserreinigung. Bekanntermaßen kann beispielsweise eine Photoelektrode aus einem dotierten Halbleiter und eine zweite Photoelektrode aus einem Metall gebildet sein. Dem Stand der Technik nach bekannt sind auch photoelektrokatalytisch aktive Metalloxidschichten (wie z. B. TiO2, WO3, Fe2O3) beispielsweise zur Wasserspaltung. Photoelectrodes are part of arrangements for carrying out photocatalytic processes, such. As the production of hydrogen and water purification. As is known, for example, a photoelectrode made of a doped semiconductor and a second photoelectrode may be formed from a metal. Also known in the prior art are photoelectrocatically active metal oxide layers (such as TiO 2 , WO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 ), for example for water splitting.
Für die Wasserstofferzeugung werden z. B. in
So ist beispielsweise aus
In
Weiterhin ist allgemein bekannt, dass in vielen Fällen beim Aufbringen von Schichten aus unterschiedlichen Materialien Defekte ausgebildet werden, die meistens unerwünscht sind. Furthermore, it is generally known that defects are formed in many cases when applying layers of different materials, which are mostly undesirable.
So werden a-SiNx-Schichten mittels PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition – plasmaunterstützte chemische Gasphasenabscheidung) aufgebracht. Die Oberfläche der aufgebrachten SiNx-Schicht weist aber unerwünschte Modifikationen (pinholes – sehr kleine Löcher, dots – Löcher, cracks – Spalten) auf, die sich schädlich auf die weitere Prozessierung im Rahmen der Herstellung von Schichtstrukturen mit einer derartigen a-SiNx-Schicht auswirken. Dabei entstehen Löcher und Spalten in einer anschließenden Hochtemperaturbehandlung, sehr kleine Löcher (pinholes) entstehen automatisch während der Deposition des Materials. For example, a-SiN x layers are deposited by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). However, the surface of the deposited SiN x layer has undesirable modifications (pinholes - very small holes, dots - holes, cracks - column), which can be harmful to the further processing in the preparation of multilayer structures having such a-SiN x - Impact layer. This results in holes and gaps in a subsequent high-temperature treatment, very small holes (pinholes) are formed automatically during the deposition of the material.
Da die Bildung von Defekten in Form von Spalten und Löchern – auch sehr kleinen – unerwünschte Wirkungen nach sich zieht, werden Verfahren gesucht, bei denen keine Defekte auftreten. So ist ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer von Rissen freien SiNx-Barriereschicht auf einem optisch transparenten plastischen Substrat in
Auch bei der Abscheidung anderer Materialien mittels anderer Methoden, beispielsweise PVD oder ALD, ist die Entstehung unerwünschter Defekte, beispielsweise von pinholes, sehr kleinen Löchern, bekannt. Even with the deposition of other materials by other methods, such as PVD or ALD, the emergence of unwanted defects, such as pinholes, very small holes known.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, eine Photoelektrode mit einer Schutzschicht aus einem preiswerten Material anzugeben, das transparent für das einfallende Sonnenlicht ist, gleichzeitig mechanisch und chemisch Schutz für die Photoelektrode und Möglichkeiten zur Aufnahme von Katalysatormaterial bietet. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a photoelectrode with a protective layer of an inexpensive material that is transparent to the incident sunlight, at the same time provides mechanical and chemical protection for the photoelectrode and opportunities for receiving catalyst material.
Die Aufgabe wird für eine Photoelektrode der eingangs genannten Art gemäß der Merkmale des Schutzanspruchs 1 gelöst. The object is achieved for a photoelectrode of the type mentioned according to the features of the protection claim 1.
Somit ist auf der lichteinfallenden Seite der mindestens einen photoaktiven Halbleiterschicht der Photoelektrode eine Schutzschicht angeordnet, die aus SiNx oder SiOx oder SiCx oder Al2O3 gebildet. Sehr kleine Löcher – sogenannte pinholes –, die automatisch während ihres Aufbringens in der Schutzschicht mit einem Durchmesser im nm-Bereich entstanden sind, sind mit einem Katalysator gefüllt. Thus, on the light incident side of the at least one photoactive semiconductor layer of the photoelectrode a protective layer is arranged, which consists of SiN x or SiO x or SiC x or Al 2 O 3 . Very small holes - so-called pinholes -, which have been created automatically during their application in the protective layer with a diameter in the nm range, are filled with a catalyst.
Für die Deposition der Schutzschicht können die dem Stand der Technik nach bekannten Verfahren wie PECVD oder PVD oder ALD eingesetzt werden, die eben keine defektfreien Schichten garantieren. Die in Form von durchgängigen sehr kleinen Löchern (pinholes) in der Schutzschicht entstehenden Defekte können dann z. B. mittels chemischer oder elektrochemischer Verfahren mit einem Katalysatormaterial gefüllt werden. Dabei können die Löcher für die Erzeugung von Wasserstoff mit Pt, Rh, RuO2, IrO2, MoS2 oder Verbindungen hiervon, für die Erzeugung von Sauerstoff mit RuO2, PtO2, IrO2, NiOx, MnO2, Co3O4 oder Verbindungen hiervon und für die Erzeugung von Kohlendioxid mit Cu oder Verbindungen hiervon befüllt sein. Das Katalysatormaterial ist nicht auf diese Aufzählungen beschränkt. For the deposition of the protective layer, the prior art can be used according to known methods such as PECVD or PVD or ALD, which do not guarantee defect-free layers. The in the form of continuous very small Holes (pinholes) in the protective layer resulting defects can then z. B. be filled by means of chemical or electrochemical method with a catalyst material. The holes for the production of hydrogen with Pt, Rh, RuO 2 , IrO 2 , MoS 2 or compounds thereof, for the production of oxygen with RuO 2 , PtO 2 , IrO 2 , NiO x , MnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 or compounds thereof and for the production of carbon dioxide with Cu or compounds thereof. The catalyst material is not limited to these lists.
Die Schutzschicht ist in Abhängigkeit des photoelektrokatalytischen Verfahrens flexibel ausführbar. Unabhängig davon, welche Bestandteile die Photoelektrode noch umfasst, erfüllt die Schutzschicht immer die Anforderungen, sowohl transparent für das einfallende Sonnenlicht zu sein, aber auch gleichzeitig mechanisch und chemisch die Photoelektrode zu schützen und das Katalysatormaterial in den sich zwangsläufig bildenden sehr kleinen Löchern während des Aufbringens der Schutzschicht aufzunehmen und so den Prozess der Photokatalyse zu unterstützen. Das Material für die Schutzschicht der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist im Vergleich zu dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Schutzschichten preiswerter und unabhängig von seiner Schichtdicke transparent. The protective layer can be carried out flexibly depending on the photoelectrocatalytic process. Regardless of which constituents the photoelectrode still contains, the protective layer always fulfills the requirements of being transparent to the incident sunlight, but at the same time mechanically and chemically protecting the photoelectrode and the catalyst material in the inevitably forming very small holes during the application absorb the protective layer and thus support the process of photocatalysis. The material for the protective layer of the solution according to the invention is cheaper compared to the protective layers known from the prior art and independent of its layer thickness transparent.
Der Durchmesser der während des Aufbringens der Schutzschicht entstehenden sehr kleinen Löcher kann durch Ätzen der strukturierten Schutzschicht vergrößert werden. The diameter of the very small holes formed during the application of the protective layer can be increased by etching the patterned protective layer.
In Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Schutzschicht eine Dicke größer 10 nm aufweist. In embodiments of the invention it is provided that the protective layer has a thickness greater than 10 nm.
Die Löcher in der Schutzschicht haben eine Dichte von 106 bis 108/cm2. The holes in the protective layer have a density of 10 6 to 10 8 / cm 2 .
Die Halbleiterschicht der Photoelektrode, auf der die Schutzschicht angeordnet ist, ist aus Si, GaAs oder InP gebildet. The semiconductor layer of the photoelectrode on which the protective layer is disposed is formed of Si, GaAs or InP.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand einer Figur näher erläutert. The solution according to the invention is explained in more detail in an embodiment with reference to a figure.
Die Figur zeigt eine AFM-Aufnahme der beschriebenen Schichtstruktur für eine erfindungsgemäße Photoelektrode. The figure shows an AFM image of the described layer structure for a photoelectrode according to the invention.
Auf einer dem Lichteinfall zugewandten Seite der photoaktiven Halbleiterschicht – in diesem Beispiel eine Silizium-Schicht – einer Photoelektrode ist eine Schutzschicht aus SiNx mit einer Dicke von 180 nm angeordnet. Die SiNx-Schicht wurde mittels PECVD während 30 min aufgebracht, wobei als Gase SiH4 (13 sscm) und NH3 (200 sscm) in Anwesenheit von Stickstoff (54 sscm) bei einem Druck von ca. 43 Pa und einer Temperatur von 350 °C verwendet wurden. In die während der Deposition der Schutzschicht entstehenden sehr kleinen Löcher (pinholes) sind mittels Elektrodeposition Pt-Partikel eingebracht. Die Löcher in der SiNx-Schutzschicht weisen eine Dichte von 107/cm2 auf. On a side facing the light incident side of the photoactive semiconductor layer - a silicon layer in this example - a photoelectrode a protective layer of SiN x is arranged with a thickness of 180 nm. The SiN x layer was applied by means of PECVD for 30 min, using as gases SiH 4 (13 sscm) and NH 3 (200 sscm) in the presence of nitrogen (54 sscm) at a pressure of about 43 Pa and a temperature of 350 ° C were used. In the resulting during the deposition of the protective layer very small holes (pinholes) Pt particles are introduced by means of electrode position. The holes in the SiN x protective layer have a density of 10 7 / cm 2 .
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- WO 2004/058634 A2 [0003] WO 2004/058634 A2 [0003]
- WO 2004/058395 A2 [0003] WO 2004/058395 A2 [0003]
- US 2012/0313073 A1 [0004] US 2012/0313073 A1 [0004]
- DE 102009019565 A1 [0005] DE 102009019565 A1 [0005]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 936 2006, 0936-L01-05 beschrieben. In Surface & Coating Technology 200 (2005) 213–217 [0008] Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 936 2006, 0936-L01-05. In Surface & Coating Technology 200 (2005) 213-217 [0008]
Claims (8)
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DE202013011997.7U DE202013011997U1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2013-09-20 | Photoelectrode with a protective layer |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2004058634A2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
WO2004058395A2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum-ruthenium containing catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
DE102009019565A1 (en) | 2009-05-02 | 2010-11-04 | Cfso Gmbh | Catalyst system and process for the photolysis of water |
US20120313073A1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | California Institute Of Technology | Nickel-based electrocatalytic photoelectrodes |
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2013
- 2013-09-20 DE DE202013011997.7U patent/DE202013011997U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004058634A2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
WO2004058395A2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum-ruthenium containing catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
DE102009019565A1 (en) | 2009-05-02 | 2010-11-04 | Cfso Gmbh | Catalyst system and process for the photolysis of water |
US20120313073A1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | California Institute Of Technology | Nickel-based electrocatalytic photoelectrodes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 936 2006, 0936-L01-05 beschrieben. In Surface & Coating Technology 200 (2005) 213-217 |
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