DE202013007773U1 - French horn - Google Patents

Abstract

French horn, which is designed as a double horn or as a triple horn, and in which at least one switching valve (V0, Vx, Vy) can be used to choose between a first basic tuning and at least a second basic tuning (FH high, F low) of the French horn and which has a first valve ( V1), a second valve (V2) and a third valve (V3), whereby through the valves (V1, V2, V3) a total length of the horn of the French horn used for sound generation by actuation of one or more of the valves (V1, V2, V3) is lengthened by connecting in each case a first pipe section (R1) assigned to the first valve (V1), a second pipe section (R2) assigned to the second valve (V2) and / or a third pipe section (R3) assigned to the third valve (V3) and the. The generated tone becomes deeper, characterized in that the French horn has exactly one first valve (V1) which lowers the generated tone by exactly one whole tone when the first basic tuning (B) is selected and when the first valve (V1) is actuated individually the French horn has exactly one second valve (V2), which lowers the tone generated when the first basic tuning B is selected when the second valve (V2) is actuated individually by exactly one semitone and that the French horn has precisely one third valve (V3) which has the generated tone when selecting the first basic tuning (B) with individual actuation of the third valve (V3) lowered by exactly one and a half whole tones and that these three valves (V1, V2, V3) and the pipe sections assigned to them (R1, R2, R3) also for at least one of the second basic tunings (FHoch, Ftief), preferably for all second basic tunings (FHoch, Ftief) of the French horn, can be used to generate the sound and that when one of the second basic tunings is selected (FHoch, Ftief) and upon actuation of the first and / or the second and / or the third valve (V1, V2, V3) by a substantially linear displacement of at least part of the first pipe section (R1) and / or at least one Part of the second pipe section (R2) and / or at least a part of the third pipe section (R3) and / or at least a part of at least one further pipe section which is not identical to the first, second and third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) ( R0) the total tube length of the French horn used to generate the sound is shortened or lengthened.

Description

The present invention relates to a French horn, which is configured as a double horn or as a triple horn, according to the preambles of the independent claims 1, 5 and 6.

French horns are known from the prior art, which are designed as natural horns. These French horns have a mouthpiece with which a tone can be generated by a corresponding vibration of the lips. Every natural horn has exactly one basic mood. Such a natural horn therefore has a natural deepest tone. By varying the lip tension in the tone generation, however, further tones can be generated on such a natural horn, namely those of the natural tone series.

It is also known to equip such designed as natural horns French horns with exchangeable bends of various lengths. The hornist or the horn player can interrupt the lecture, replace this bow and thereby receives a French horn with a new mood. If the newly inserted bow is longer than the previous one, the basic mood becomes deeper and vice versa. Since all the tones of the natural tone top row are playable for every basic mood, an instrument is created in which each halftone can be played, at least in theory, by playing natural notes.

Also, a playing of natural horns was known in which intervened with a hand in a horn or a bell of the French horn and thus the pitch is changed in its pitch. However, this play, also called "stuffing," is rather imprecise in intonation, so it requires a lot of practice and can not be done very quickly. In addition, the "stuffing" when playing has the effect that in addition to the desired pitch change also unintentionally changes the timbre of the instrument.

Due to the necessary interruption of his playing with a natural horn to exchange pipe bends or due to the disadvantages of the plug, the idea came up to design the French horn with valves. Over time, the horn has been established as an orchestral horn in a form that has three valves, a first, with which a first piece of pipe can be added, which lowers the tone just blown by a whole tone, a second, with a second Pipe piece can be added, which lowers the just blown sound by a semitone and a third, with which a third piece of pipe can be added, which lowers the just blown sound by one and a half tones. These valves can be configured as rotary valves or linearly displaceable valves. Both versions are used today. The hornist can now, without interrupting the playing, at any time actuate one, two or three of the valves assigned to the valves and corresponding to the sound played essentially by a half, a whole, at one and a half, at two, at two and a half or Decrease three whole tones, depending on the combination of pressed keys.

As a further disadvantage of such a horn with three valves, it has been found that in the range of lower notes to be played, d. H. in the case of tones which can not reach the fundamental tone of the instrument or the first natural tone located above it, namely the octave, with the three valves not all tones lying between this fundamental tone and the octave. Also has a French horn with three, as described above valves not for each actuated key combination equally good response of the sound to be generated. Therefore, French horns were known in which two horns of different mood were combined to a French horn, a so-called double horn. Changeover valves have been added to the French horn, with which it is possible to switch back and forth between pipe sections of different lengths and thus between two basic tunings, whereby each of these pipe sections in turn has three valves with which this pipe section can be adjusted to a whole tone and / or a semitone and / or one and a half Whole tones corresponding piece of pipe can be extended. Since a clean intone Tonerniedrigung, z. B. by a whole tone, is achieved by the used for the corresponding basic mood total tube length of the instrument is extended by a certain percentage, each tube area each mood, each differing in their total tube length, requires its own valve set with the respective valves associated own Pipe pieces whose lengths are adapted to any basic mood. So z. B. for the basic tuning "B" of a double horn for a tonal reduction by one whole tone a shorter switchable pipe section necessary as for the Tonerniedrigung by a whole tone in the lower by a fourth lower tuning "F". Therefore, French horns have been established as orchestral instruments, which are designed as double horns with the basic moods "F" and "B" and each have three valves and these valves each assigned, each switchable pipe sections per basic mood, with which the notes played at a single actuation of the Valves can be reduced by half, by a whole and / or by one and a half whole tones.

From the times in which valves were still unknown to French horns, come Compositions written for natural horns, but also played with today's valve instruments. Since the natural sound series of a French horn is strung together with increasing height, it is often about compositions that place high demands on the horn player due to the height of the notes to be played. Under the knowledge of the valves and changeover valves described above, therefore, came the idea to integrate a third, high mood in a French horn, which in turn can be selected by appropriate changeover valves. In such a French horn is a so-called triple horn. This third tuning is common in orchestral instruments either a fourth ("Es") or a fifth ("F") on the basic mood "B". Again, these instruments are now usually built so that each of these basic moods a separate pipe area is assigned, which can be switched in each case via one or more switching valves and each of these pipe sections each have three valves with these each associated and the respective pipe section switchable pipe sections ,

Also to be found from the times of the natural horns, but also in more recent compositions, is the instruction to the horn player to introduce a hand into the funnel area of the French horn so far that the sound changes in its sound strongly. The sound then sounds more metallic. This statement is also called "plugging". However, this intentional variation of the timbre of the instrument has the consequence that also changes the pitch of the instrument. With the basic tuning "F" the sound increases with exactly stuffed horn (hand completely introduced) by exactly one semitone. However, when stuffed with the basic mood "B", the sound played increases slightly more than a semitone. It is therefore also known from the prior art to compensate the pipe region of the basic tuning "B" by means of a further valve by increasing the tone beyond the halftone step, so that also the basic tuning "B" can be used for the stuffed playing.

A triple horn as described above is for example from DE 27 35 334 A1 known.

A disadvantage of such known from the prior art double horns and triple horns that they are difficult to build due to the need for each pipe area each mood basic valves including switchable pieces of pipe and physically burden the buglers in regular and persevering games by their high weight. In addition, this construction effort is reflected in the cost of such a horn again.

The object of the invention is therefore to improve such, from the prior art known, designed as a double or triple horn French horn to the effect that it is easier to build and less expensive to produce.

The object is achieved by a French horn according to the independent claims 1, 5 and 6. Advantageous embodiments result from the subordinate claims and the following further description of the invention.

For the description of the present invention and for the claims based thereon, the following terms are used with the following definitions:
A "French Horn" is to be understood as meaning a brass instrument which comprises a mouthpiece which preferably can be inserted or attached and which is followed by an at least partially substantially circular wound tube which opens into a bell or bell. The sound is produced by the player of this instrument, the hornist or the horn player, blowing a stream of air into the instrument and at the same time making his or her lips vibrate on the mouthpiece.

A "double horn" is understood to mean a French horn which has at least one reversing valve, by means of which it is possible to change between two basic tunings of the French horn.

A "triple horn" is understood to mean a French horn, which also has at least one switching valve, which can be changed between three basic moods of the French horn.

The "basic tuning" of a French horn should correspond to a fundamental tone, d. H. the deepest natural sound reproducible without the use of valves with the French horn. Essential for the frequency of the fundamental of the French horn is the effective, d. H. involved in the sound production total tube length of the French horn, including its mouthpiece, tube and horn. With a basic mood of the French horn, without the use of valves, therefore, its fundamental tone as well as the associated natural tone series is playable. The natural tones of the natural tone series are the tones that have a positive integer multiple of the frequency of the fundamental tone of the French horn.

A "whole tone" is understood to mean a large second with the frequency proportion 9: 8, a "half tone" a small second with the frequency proportion 10: 9 and "one and a half whole tones" a minor third with the frequency proportion 6: 5.

A "switching valve" is to be understood as a valve with which it is possible to switch between different basic moods of the French horn. A changeover valve is used to select the basic mood.

By contrast, a "valve" is intended to connect a length of tubing to a total tube length involved in tone generation which either lowers or varies by an amount substantially one halftone or substantially one-tone or substantially one and one-half tones, which is one of the intonation corrected unclean sound with stuffed horn.

The following statements each relate to a French horn according to the present invention, as also indicated in the claims.

The French horn of the present invention is configured either as a double horn or a triple horn. A double horn has correspondingly a first and a second basic mood, a triple horn has a first mood and two basic moods. Preferably, the first basic mood is higher than the second basic mood in the double horn. However, it may also be that the second basic mood is higher than the first basic mood. In the case of the triple horn, the first basic tuning preferably lies between its pitch from the two second basic tunings. However, the first basic mood can also be lower or higher than the two second basic moods. Of course, a French horn with more than three basic moods, z. B. four or five basic moods possible and contained in the spirit of the invention.

Preferably, the first fundamental tuning of the French horn of the present invention is a B tuning. In the double horn, as well as in the triple horn, the second fundamental tuning is preferably an F tuning, ie the fundamental of the second tuning F _low is a fourth below the fundamental of the first tuning when it is in B. Alternatively, in the double horn of the present invention, it is possible that the first fundamental tuning is again a B tuning, and the second basic tuning F _{high is} an F tuning whose fundamental is one fifth above the first tuning B.

The additional second fundamental tuning F _{high, which} is additionally added in the triple horn, is preferably also an F-note whose fundamental tone F, however, is a fifth above the first fundamental tuning B, if this is tuned in B. Alternatively, the further second fundamental ES _{HIGH may be} an _{Eb pitch} , whose root note A is a fourth above the root of the first pitch when it is in B. As an alternative, a further second basic tuning B _high is also conceivable, the fundamental tone of which lies one octave above that of the first basic tuning B, if this is tuned in B.

In principle, the French horn of the present invention may have any note as the fundamental tone of each of the basic tunings of basic tuning, in particular also C, D, E, E or A.

The French horn of the present invention has at least one switching valve, with which it is possible to change between the first basic tuning and the at least one second basic tuning. Starting from a mouthpiece of the double horn, the air flow is passed through a section of a main pipe, which is used for both basic moods. Preferably, the air flow then reaches a switching valve, with which the air flow is selectively directed into a tube area, which is used only for tone generation in one of the basic moods or he is passed to this pipe area over, depending on the position of the changeover valve. The air flow is then passed either to the same switching valve or to another switching valve back into a main pipe, which may have valves to the main pipe, so the tube used by all basic moods for sound production, pipe sections or pipe extensions can switch on. The air stream exits at a horn or bell following the main tube. In the case of the double horn, one of the two basic moods can therefore be selected with a single changeover valve or with two changeover valves. A toggle button with which the hornist or the horn player operates the at least one changeover valve, in the case of two changeover valves, switches over these essentially simultaneously, and preferably only with the one shift key. If no shift key is actuated, preferably the first basic tuning is selected.

The order given in the direction of air flow (mouthpiece, main pipe, diverter valve (s) with pipe section for the second tuning, main pipe with valves, bell or bell) may also be different, e.g. B .: mouthpiece, main pipe with valves, changeover valve (s) with pipe section for the second basic tuning, main pipe, bell.

With the triple horn the change between the three basic moods can take place with only one, with two, with three or with four change-over valve. Again, starting from a mouthpiece, the air stream used for tone generation flows through a first main tube, which is used by all the basic moods for tone generation, then becomes preferably passed through switching valves in pipe sections one of the two second basic moods or passed to this, and then flow back into a main pipe, which has valves to the main pipe, so the sound used by all basic tunings tube, pipe sections or pipe extensions can switch , The airflow also exits the triple horn on a horn or bell following the main tube. It can be provided at the triple horn one or two shift keys, with which the respective changeover valves are operated in particular by the bugler or the horn player. If no shift key is actuated, preferably the first basic tuning is selected.

The order given in the direction of air flow (mouthpiece, main pipe, changeover valve (s) with pipe sections for the second basic settings, main pipe with valves, bell or bell) may also be different for the triple horn, eg. B .: mouthpiece, main pipe with valves, changeover valve (s) with pipe sections for the second basic tunings, main pipe, bell.

The French horn according to the invention also has the already designated valves with which pipe sections of the sound tube used for generating sound or air flowed total tube length of the French horn can be added. A total tube length of the French horn used for generating sound can be extended by connecting the pipe sections assigned to the respective valves by means of the valves. In other words, the air stream flowing through the sound horn during sound generation is thus also passed through the pipe sections assigned to the valves, so that the effective overall tube length of the French horn used for tone generation is prolonged. Due to this extended tube length, the generated sound is deeper. It is lowered or lowered in the sense that its tone frequency is reduced.

The French horn according to the invention also comprises exactly a first, exactly a second and exactly a third valve. With the first valve, a generated tone is lowered by exactly one whole tone when the first basic tuning of the French horn is selected with a single actuation (only) of the first valve. With the second valve, a generated tone is lowered by exactly one semitone when the first basic tuning of the French horn is selected with a single actuation (only) of the second valve. With the third valve, a generated tone is lowered by exactly one and a half whole tones when the first basic tuning of the French horn is selected with a single actuation (only) of the third valve.

Through the first valve, a first tube piece is added to the overall tube length of the French horn, having a length that lengthens the resulting overall tube length of the French horn in the first tuning so that the generated tone then decreases by exactly one whole tone, if only the first valve is actuated. Accordingly, the second valve piece associated with and connectable with the second valve has a length which decreases the sound produced in the first tuning by exactly half a tone when only the second valve is operated and the third valve associated with the third valve has a length that decreases the sound produced in the first basic tuning by exactly one and a half whole tones, if only the third valve is actuated.

A preferred improvement or modification of the French horn according to the invention can be achieved if in addition exactly a fourth valve ("stuffing valve") is provided, to which a fourth pipe piece is assigned. Preferably, with the fourth valve, a generated tone is changed by a further tone amount upon selection of the first basic tuning of the French horn with a single operation (only) of the fourth valve. In this case, this tone amount can be such that when the French horn is played "stuffed", the generated sound is increased by exactly one semitone compared to the not "stuffed" horn. Or the tonal amount may be such that when the French horn is played "stuffed", the sound produced corresponds to the tone when the French horn is not played "stuffed".

The exactly one first, the second and the exactly one third valve are used in the double horn for the first and the second basic mood and the triple horn for the first and at least one of the second basic moods, preferably for both second basic moods. The blown for the sound generation by the French horn air flow thus flows through the double horn in each mood and the triple horn in at least two basic moods each of the valves associated pipe sections, if these valves are operated. As a result, the construction of a second and possibly third set of valves together with associated pipe sections for the at least one second basic mood is avoided, whereby the French horn as a whole builds easier compared to a double or triple horn according to the prior art and is less expensive.

If exactly one first valve is then actuated, if one of the second basic moods by means of Although at least one switching valve has been selected, the overall length of the French horn is also extended and the sound produced is lowered, but not by exactly one whole tone. If the exactly one second valve is actuated when one of the second basic moods has been selected by means of the at least one changeover valve, then the overall length of the French horn is likewise lengthened and the tone produced is lowered, but not by exactly one semitone. If the exactly one third valve is actuated when one of the second basic moods has been selected by means of the at least one changeover valve, then the overall length of the French horn is indeed extended here and the sound produced is lowered, but not exactly one and a half whole tones.

This is because for a degeneration of a sound generated by the French horn by a certain interval, a certain percentage of the original total horn tube length involved in the tone generation must be extended by the connected tube so that an intonation clean interval can be played , However, since the total pipe lengths of the various basic moods of the French horn, without taking into account the respective valves associated first, second and third pipe sections are different lengths, the lengths of the switchable first, second and third pipe sections should be different lengths depending on the selected mood, so that good intonation is possible. The provision of a plurality of first, second and third, respectively different lengths of pipe pieces corresponds exactly to the procedure of the prior art in order to come to a clean intonation, which is avoided with the present invention.

Contrary to what is provided in the prior art and just sketched procedure, in the present invention for all basic moods exactly a first, exactly a second and exactly a third valve is used. The exact first valve is exactly a first piece of pipe, the exact second valve is exactly a second piece of pipe and exactly one third valve is assigned exactly a third piece of pipe, which pieces of pipe are used for the first and at least one of the second basic moods.

The valves and the switching valves can be used as rotary valves or Drehumschaltventile or linearly displaceable valves or switching valves, z. B. Pump valves or Pumpumschaltventile be configured. However, rotary valves or rotary switching valves are preferred.

The existing on Waldhorn and each associated with a valve keys actuate these valves by a first mechanism. This first mechanism may be a direct coupling (eg, pump valves) or may include a rope, a string, a wire, a chain, a linkage, or a transmission.

The valves direct an air flow, depending on their position through their associated and switchable pipe section or past this, so that the generated sound is only lowered when the air flow is passed through the connected pipe section, since then used for sound production Total length of the French Horn extended.

First preferred embodiment:

In order to remedy the lack of intonation occurring for the at least one second basic mood, namely that the pipe sections which can be switched by means of the valves are present only once, the effective length of the pipe sections assigned to the valves is provided in a first preferred embodiment variant to lengthen or shorten the second basic moods. This is preferably done by assigning one key to each valve. Upon actuation of one of the keys and upon selection of any bias, the respective key associated with the valve is preferably actuated by a first mechanism, whereby the respective valve associated with the respective tube piece of the total sound length of the horn tube involved in the tone generation is added, in which case if one of second basic moods of the French horn, preferably with the at least one shift key was selected, upon actuation of one of the valves respectively assigned keys in addition an effective length of the respective key and the respective valve associated pipe length compared to its effective length at the first basic mood is extended or shortened , Is the selected second mood of the French Horn z. B. deeper than the first mood, then the effective length of the button associated with the pipe length is extended with the operation of a valve associated with a key under selection of the second basic mood. On the other hand, if the selected second basic tuning of the French horn is higher than the first basic tuning, pressing the key while selecting this second and higher basic tuning will shorten the effective length of the tube piece assigned to the key.

Preferably, the extension and the shortening of the effective length of the respective pipe section is such that in the at least one second basic mood with single actuation of the first valve of the generated tone is then lowered by exactly one whole tone, that in the at least one second basic mood at a single actuation of the second valve of the generated sound is lowered by exactly one semitone and that in the at least one second basic mood with single actuation of the third valve, the generated sound is lowered by exactly one and a half tones. Thereby the tone changes, ie the intervals to be played in operations of one of the valves when you select one of the second basic moods of the intonation ago performed clean.

The extension or shortening of the respective switchable, a valve associated pipe section may preferably be effected in that the respective pipe section has a pipe bend with two straight, parallel and integrally connected to the pipe bend end pieces, wherein the pipe bend is linearly moved with its end pieces. Preferably, the parallel end pieces of the pipe bend are guided or fastened inside and / or outside of two pipe stubs, which are preferably fastened to the valves in the first preferred embodiment variant. The guide or attachment is such that the pipe bend can be moved with its end pieces almost without friction linear with respect to the pipe stub. The existing of the pipe bend, the end pieces and the pipe stubs pipe section can be extended or shortened in its effective length. Despite the smoothest possible guidance of the end pieces on or in the pipe stubs, the guide must be made virtually airtight. A suitable known from the prior art guiding a train of a trombone, the properties of which can be transferred to the according to the invention to be displaced pipe sections. This just shown procedure for lengthening or shortening the switchable pipe section of a valve according to the first preferred embodiment is also applicable mutatis mutandis to the at least one non-engageable pipe section of the second preferred embodiment, which second preferred embodiment is described further below.

In the first preferred embodiment, however, the problem arises that an extension or shortening of the effective tube length of the switchable pipe sections in the section of the respective pipe section lead to a negative pressure or overpressure, if the valve connected to the pipe section still no air connection between the switchable pipe section and the other, air-conducting pipe section of the French Horn. Only when the associated valve has released a small, sufficient for the resistance-free lengthening or shortening of the pipe section air gap, the extension or shortening of the switchable pipe section can be done by means of the pressed button without much effort.

Therefore, in the first preferred embodiment, it is further preferred to actuate one of the valves assigned to the valves first the associated valve so far that the respective key associated piece of tubing at least by a small, functional air gap with the other used for generating sound tube length the French horn is associated and only then the effective length of the respective key associated pipe length is extended or shortened. The key therefore acts in two stages in this preferred embodiment: H. when moving or twisting it operates first, d. H. during the start of its own actuation only the valve associated with it. In the further course of their operation, the key additionally causes a lengthening or shortening of its associated and switchable pipe section.

Second preferred embodiment

In a second preferred embodiment, with which the lack occurring in the intonation counteracted, namely that the switchable with the keys and valves pipe sections are used for at least two, preferably all basic moods, the procedure is as follows: the three valves, ie the exact one the first, the second and the exactly one third valve is associated with a respective key, upon actuation of which its associated valve is also actuated, with the button the respective, associated with the respective valve first, second or third piece of pipe at the tone generation involved in this second preferred embodiment with the respective key and at least one further, preferably of at least two of the basic moods shared pipe section, which does not correspond to the first, not the second and not the third piece of pipe, then ver lengthened or shortened if one of the second basic moods is selected. The at least one further pipe section which is to be lengthened or shortened according to this second embodiment variant is preferably a pipe section which is used for sound generation both in the first and at least one of the second, preferably in all second basic tunings. If the pipe section is used for all basic tunings for sound generation, it is a main pipe. This pipe section is further preferably seen in the flow direction of the air either before, between or after the valves. It may alternatively also be two or three further pieces of pipe, which are extended or shortened, that is, whose lengths are variable and by shortening or lengthening also used for sound production total length of the French horn changes accordingly. These two or three pipe sections do not correspond in each case to the valves assigned and switchable pipe sections. If two or three more pieces of pipe are used, they can be used simultaneously to be moved. Then, a necessary extension or shortening of the total tube length of the French horn involved in the tone generation would be split up to the first further, the second further and possibly the third further tube piece. Alternatively, if three further pipe sections are provided, in each case one of these pipe sections can be assigned to one of the three valves, ie one of the three buttons.

As a result of this procedure according to the second preferred embodiment variant, the sound produced is reduced by exactly one whole tone, in particular in the case of the at least one second basic setting, and the sound produced is exactly one in particular with the at least one second basic setting for a single actuation of the second valve Halftone lowers and lowered in particular in the at least one second mood with single actuation of the third valve, the sound produced by exactly one and a half tones.

If, according to the second preferred embodiment, exactly one further tube piece or several further tube pieces which are moved simultaneously are used, preferably by or linear displacement of the total tube length used for tone generation tube portion of the designed as a double horn or as a triple horn French horn or to shorten, more preferably, a mechanism is provided, which only if one of the second basic moods is selected, one of the first key or the first valve associated first movement for an extension or shortening of the total length of the horn tube, one of the second button or the second movement associated with the second valve for an extension or shortening of the total pipe length and / or a third movement or the third valve associated third movement for an extension or shortening of the total pipe length additive superimposed. The further pipe section or the other, simultaneously moving pipe sections are moved or displaced by means of this mechanism by a further movement corresponding to an additive superposition of the three movements of the buttons. The further movement does not have to coincide in magnitude with the additive superimposing movement: there may be a gain or a reduction of the added movements of the keys for further movement.

Mechanical embodiments for realizing the two preferred embodiments:

In order to carry out the extension or shortening of pipe sections provided in the first and the second preferred embodiment variant, each of the keys assigned to the valves is assigned a second mechanism. By pressing one of the keys, a movement, in particular a linear displacement of a z. B. rod-shaped and / or elongated element causes. In this case, the movement of the element can take place simultaneously with the movement of the valve associated with the key, but, in particular in the first preferred embodiment variant, a movement of the element delayed relative to the actuation of the valve associated with the valve can take place.

The second mechanism can be configured such that a substantially curved, preferably arcuate guide piece is provided fixedly connected to each key. The shape of this guide piece is therefore preferably such that a piece of a circular arc, which may have a substantially constant thickness, is used and fixed to the key, preferably integrally connected. Along this substantially curved, preferably circular arc-shaped form of the guide piece, a preferably substantially rod-shaped element can be mounted displaceably. Ie. in the case of a rod shape of the element is one of the two ends of the rod-shaped element along this guide piece, which also has the function of a guideway, slidably and rotatably mounted relative to the guide piece at least about an axis. This axis of rotation is preferably parallel to a rotation axis about which the associated key is rotatably mounted.

The preferred rod-shaped element acts according to the first embodiment on a valve associated with a first, second or third piece of pipe and shifts this linear. The preferred rod-shaped element acts according to the second embodiment on one, two or three further pipe pieces, which are not identical to the first, the second or the third pipe section, and moves this or these preferably linear.

If the guide piece is tilted or pivoted on actuation of the key with the key about an axis, the element moves, depending on which position of the guide piece it is located, with a positive movement component seen in a defined direction, with one in the same direction seen negative movement component or without seen in this direction movement component.

The preferably rod-shaped element is brought into the various positions with respect to the guide piece by at least one switching button assigned to the at least one changeover valve, preferably by means of a guide and / or or a mechanism, even all elements moved to the appropriate positions.

The one of the keys associated guide piece and the same key associated, preferably substantially rod-shaped element are part of the second mechanism, which may comprise further elements.

Both preferred embodiments have in common that in the first mood of the French horn an extension or shortening of the pipe sections is not performed. The total pipe length of the French horn is therefore changed in the first basic mood only by the addition of the valves associated with the pipe sections and not by lengthening or shortening the same or further pipe sections by means of a mechanism.

The invention will be described in more detail below by exemplary embodiments, which are also shown in the following figures.

It shows the

1A a French horn from the prior art without switching valves, with only one basic mood, the

1B a designed as a double horn French horn from the prior art with two basic moods, the

1C a designed as a triple horn French horn from the prior art with three basic moods, the

2A a designed as a double horn French horn according to the invention according to a first preferred embodiment, the

2 B a designed as a double horn French horn according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment, the

3A a configured as a triple horn French horn according to the invention according to the first preferred embodiment, the

3B a configured as a triple horn French horn according to the invention according to the second preferred embodiment, the

4 a valve of the French horn according to the invention in detail, the

5 a switching valve of the French horn according to the invention in detail, the

6A a mechanical embodiment for actuating a valve and for displacing a pipe piece according to the first preferred embodiment, the

6B the mechanical embodiment of 6A for actuating the valve and for displacing the tube piece according to the first preferred embodiment in another view, the

7A a mechanical embodiment for actuating the valve and for displacing at least one further pipe section according to the second preferred embodiment, the

7B the mechanical embodiment of 7A for actuating the valve and for displacing at least one further pipe section according to the second preferred embodiment in another view.

The 1 to 3 show respectively French horns in an at least partially "unwound form", from which it can be seen how pieces of pipe are switched together in order to be able to produce corresponding tones with the resulting total tube length involved in the tone generation. The 1 to 3 can each be read like a table: The numbering of the valves is on the left and applies to all valves of all basic moods of all French horns of the figure, which are at the same height. The basic settings "B", "F _low " and "F _high " indicate with arrows that the pipe sections and valves shown below these designations are assigned to the respective basic setting.

Also is out of all 1 to 3 It can be seen that each French horn comprises a mouthpiece M and a horn T or bell T, which are used in common by all basic moods of the French horn. A stream of air to produce a sound is blown by a horn player in the mouthpiece and emerges from the horn again at the horn.

The in the 1 to 3 shown pipe lengths are only to be understood in principle. From them dimensions can not be derived or only conditionally. Also from a course of the tubes in the figures can only partially be closed on the course provided in reality, as essential pipe parts were unwound.

The 1A to 1C show schematic representations of French horns, as they are known from the prior art and are used today as orchestral instruments.

The 1A shows a French horn with only one basic mood. It has correspondingly no switching valve for switching between basic moods. The French horn of the 1A However, it has three valves (V1, V2, V3) with which the sound produced can be lowered by one whole tone, one semitone or one and a half tones, depending on whether the first valve (V1 ) associated with the second valve (V2) second pipe section (R2) or whether by actuation of the third valve (V3) the third valve (V3) associated third pipe section (R3) of the total length of the French horn is switched on. In the 1A For example, it can be seen that the second valve (V2) and the third valve (V3) are each actuated and thus an air flow with which the sound is generated, not through the first pipe section (R1), but through the second pipe section (R2) and the third pipe section (R3) flows. The French horn of the 1A is given by way of example with the basic tuning "B". Other basic tunings ("F", "Es", "D", "C") are also known for such French horns.

The 1B shows another Waldhorn from the prior art, namely a so-called fully equipped double horn. It contains two changeover valves (V01, V02), which are operated together by a button, not shown, and by which two basic moods of the horn can be selected: Example is in 1B a first tuning "B" and a second tuning "F" have been adopted. By means of the changeover valves, the hornist can select whether a first tube region assigned to the basic tuning "B" should be flowed through by the air stream used for tone generation or a second tube region corresponding to the second basic tuning "F". Each of the two pipe sections has in each case three valves and three valves assigned to these valves. In the 1B For example, the basic setting "F" was selected by actuating the changeover valves (V01, V02) and all three valves (V1, V2, V3) were actuated.

The 1C shows a third French horn from the prior art, namely a so-called fully equipped triple horn. This has three switching valves with which hiss a first basic mood "B", a second basic mood "F _low " and another second basic mood "F _high " can be selected. The change-over valves are actuated by one or more keys in a suitable manner. Again, each of the three basic tunings (B, F _deep , F _high ) is assigned a separate pipe section which can be selected by the switching valves (Vx, V01, V02). Each of these pipe sections in turn has its own valves with their own pipe sections (R1, R2, R3).

The 2A shows a double horn according to the present invention with the preferred first embodiment. With a change-over valve V0, a fourth tube piece R4, which changes the basic tuning, can be connected to a total tube length of the French horn used for tone generation, so that the French horn can be played in two basic tunings. For example, the first basic mood, in which the further tube piece R4 is not used for tone generation, the basic mood B with a fundamental B and the second basic mood in which the further tube piece R4 is connected by means of the switching valve V0, one to the first basic mood B to a fourth lower fundamental tuning F with a fundamental tone F. The switching valve V0 of the French horn of the 2A is located in front of the three valves V1, V2, V3, but it can also be arranged between the valves or also after the valves V1, V2, V3.

From the 2A It can also be seen that according to the first preferred embodiment, the pipe sections R1, R2, and R3 associated with the valves V1, V2, and V3 can assume two different effective pipe lengths. By a linear displacement of pipe bends of the pipe sections R1, R2, and / or R3 with respect to corresponding, in particular attached to the valves V1, V2, V3 pipe stubs, the effective length of the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 can be changed, in particular extended and / or be shortened. When the basic tuning B has been selected with the valve V0, when the valves V1, V2, V3 are actuated, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 in their original, in the 2A left position shown by solid lines, while in the second basic mood F _deep , upon actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 are moved to a second position. The second position of the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 is in the 2A represented by dashed lines.

The 2 B again shows a configured as a double horn French horn according to the second preferred embodiment of the invention. With the switching valve V0, the hornist can in turn choose between two basic tunings B, F _deep by allowing the air flow used to generate the sound to flow through the pipe section R4. To do this, he must connect this tube piece R4 of the overall tube length of the French horn used for tone generation by means of the reversing valve V0. Again, the position of the switching valve V0 is given here only by way of example, it may also be arranged after the valves V1, V2, V3 or between them.

From the 2 B It can also be seen that according to the second preferred embodiment, the valves V1, V2, V3 associated pipe sections R1, R2, R3 for both basic moods B, F _low be used and have a substantially constant effective length, even during actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3. A displacement of the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 together with the actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3 is not provided in the second embodiment. Instead, for the sake of a clean intonation on selection of the second basic tuning F _deep and on actuation of one or more of the valves V1, V2, V3 a further pipe section R0, which is in the example shown before the switching valve V0, in particular in the main pipe of the French horn, linear shifted so that the effective, involved in the tone production total tube length of the French horn changes. Thus, a shorter overall tube length is provided for the first basic tuning B, the further tube piece R0 then has a shorter effective length shown by the solid line. For the second basic tuning F _deep , on the other hand, a larger effective length of the further tube piece R0 is provided, which in the 2 B is shown in dashed lines and is needed in the case shown, to cleanly tune the switched first and third valves V1, V3 in the second basic mood. Therefore, if at least one valve V1, V2, V3 is actuated and the second basic tuning F is selected _deep , a total tube length of the French horn is corrected, which has been corrected by the extended or extended amount of the tube piece R0. In this case, the pipe section R0, each in the second basic mood F _deep , extended at a single actuation of the first valve V1 by such an amount that the sound produced is lowered exactly by one whole tone, extended at a single actuation of the second valve V2 by such an amount in that the sound generated is lowered by exactly one semitone and is extended by an amount equal to a single actuation of the third valve V3 in such a way that the generated sound is reduced by exactly one and a half whole tones. If several of the valves V1, V2, V3 simultaneously operated _deep in the second mood F, so the pipe section is extended by an amount R0 corresponding to a sum of the individual amounts.

Should a fourth valve, namely a "stuffing valve" be provided in the double horn, however, at least in the basic mood, a change in the effective total length of the French horn is made in the plugging of the French horn a change in tone occurs, not by pressing one of the valves V1, V2, V3 is correctable. Particularly in the case of the possible first basic tuning B, the sound produced by the plug is not changed by exactly one semitone or by exactly one whole tone. Therefore, it is preferably provided in the first basic mood B that upon actuation of exactly one fourth valve (stuffing valve), the length of the other pipe section R0 changed, in particular is extended.

For those in the 2A and 2 B The examples of a double horn presented here assumed a B mood for the first mood and a deeper F mood for the second mood. Of course, the second basic mood can also be higher than the first basic mood. So the second basic mood z. B. a F _high mood, ie, the fundamental of the second basic mood F _high is then a fifth above the fundamental of the first basic mood B. In such a case, the pipe sections R0, R1, R2, R3 on actuation of a valve V1, V2 , V3 does not lengthen but shortened to play properly intoned tone steps in the second mood. As an alternative to the basic moods mentioned, in a double horn according to the invention, of course, all other possible basic moods come into question, such. B. as a first or second mood, the basic mood C, D, E, E and A.

The 3A shows a triple horn according to the present invention. By means of a first switching valve Vx, a fifth tube piece R5 changing the basic tuning of a total tube length of the French horn involved in the tone generation can be switched on, and a fourth tube piece R4 of a total tube length of the French horn, which in turn changes the basic tuning, can be switched with a second switching valve V0. In the event that none of the pipe sections R4 and R5 is integrated into the air-bearing overall pipe length of the French horn, a second and highest basic mood of the French horn results, which can be, for example, F _high or _high . If only the fifth pipe section R5 connected to the total pipe length, so creates a first mood, z. B. "B", which is lower than the second and highest basic mood F _high and, for example, a fifth below the second and highest basic mood F _high can be. The first, the fifth tube piece R5, but not the fourth piece of pipe R4 using basic mood would then, for example, the basic mood B. Is connected through the switching valves Vx and V0 both the fourth tube piece R4 and the fifth tube piece R5 of the total length of the horn involved in the tone generation , thus creating a second second fundamental mood F _deep , which in turn is deeper than the first basic mood B, for example. In particular, the further second and lower fundamental tuning F can be _deep . Your fundamental tone would then be an F and is a fourth below the fundamental B of the first mood. The configured as a triple horn French horn can be played according to this first preferred embodiment in three basic moods B, F _low , F _high . The choice of one of the basic moods B, F _deep , F _high is done by means of the switching valves Vx, V0.

The switching valves Vx, V0 of the French horn of the 3A lie in the air flow direction in front of the three valves V1, V2, V3. Alternatively, however, they may also be arranged between the valves or also after the valves. Also, the Umsachaltventile Vx, V0, the valves V1, V2, V3 surround, ie this partially upstream and partially downstream. Instead of two switching valves Vx, V0 may also be a single switching valve Vy, as in 3B shown, or three or four different kind of switching valves are used, which are known in the art.

From the 3A It can also be seen that, according to the first preferred embodiment variant, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 assigned to the valves V1, V2, V3 can each assume three different effective pipe lengths. By a linear displacement of pipe bends of the pipe sections R1, R2, and / or R3 with respect to corresponding pipe stubs attached to the valves V1, V2, V3, the effective length of the pipe gap R1, R2, R3 can be adjusted. Thus, when the first basic tuning B has been selected with the valve V0, upon actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 in their original, in the 3A left position shown by solid lines, while in a second basic mood F _high on actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 are moved to a second position and while in a further second basic tuning F _low on actuation of the Valves V1, V2, V3, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 are moved to a third position. The second position of the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 is in the 3A by dotted, the third position shown by dashed lines.

The 3B again shows a designed as a triple horn French horn according to the second preferred embodiment of the invention. With the switching valve Vy can the. Hornist or the horn player in turn choose between three basic moods B, F _deep , F _high by he / she uses the air flow used to generate the sound only through the fifth pipe section R5 or only through the sixth pipe section R6 or on both pipe sections R5, R6 flow past. For this purpose, he must turn on the fifth pipe section R5 or the sixth pipe section R6 of the total pipe length of the French horn by means of the switching valve Vy. Again, the position of the switching valve Vy is given here only as an example, it can also be arranged after the valves V1, V2, V3 or between them. As a switching valve Vy, a switching valve Vy with three switching positions has been assumed here by way of example. Of course, also in the 3A used variant with two switching valves Vx, Vy in the embodiment of 3B be used. Then, instead of a sixth tube piece R6, which has a length which corresponds to the added tube lengths of the tube pieces R4 and R5 of 3A corresponds, a fourth pipe section R4 and a fifth pipe section R5 corresponding to 3A used. Other variants for reversing valves in the triple horn are known and can be used here.

From the 3B It can also be seen that, according to the second preferred embodiment, the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 associated with the valves V1, V2, V3 are used for all three basic tunings B, F _low , F _high and a substantially constant effective length even during an actuation of the Valves V1, V2, V3 have. A displacement of the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 together with the actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3 is not provided in the second embodiment. Instead, for reasons of a clean intonation when selecting one of the second basic tunings F _deep , F _high and on actuation of one or more of the valves V1, V2, V3 another piece of pipe R0, which is in the example shown before the switching valve V0 and preferably belongs to a main tube, linearly displaced, such that the effective total tube length of the French horn changes.

I'm in the 3B shown example, the valves V2 and V3 are actuated. For this actuation _combination, a shortest tube length is provided for the highest second basic tuning F _high , the further tube piece R0 then having a shortest effective length represented by the dashed line. For the further second basic tuning F _deep , on the other hand, again when the valves V2, V3 are actuated, a largest effective length of the further pipe section R0 is provided, which in the 3B dash-dotted is shown. In the first basic mood B, the further pipe section R0 has a mean effective pipe length when operating the valves V2, V3, which is between the pipe lengths of the two second basic tunings F _deep , F _high . Therefore, when at least one valve V1, V2, V3 is actuated and one of the second basic tuning F _low F _{high is} selected, a total tube length of the French horn used for tone generation has been corrected for the extended or engaged amount of the tube piece R0. In this case, the pipe section R0, each in the higher second basic mood F _high , shortened by an amount at a single actuation of the first valve V1, that the generated sound is lowered by exactly one whole tone, with a single actuation of the second valve V2 by such a Amount shortens that the generated sound is reduced by exactly one semitone and shortened by an individual actuation of the third valve V3 by such an amount that the generated sound is reduced by exactly one and a half whole tones. If several of the valves V1, V2, V3 simultaneously in the higher of the second basic moods F _{Pressed high} , the pipe section R0 is shortened by an amount corresponding to an addition of the individual amounts.

If the pipe section R0, each in the further, lower second basic mood F _{low extended} by an individual actuation of the first valve V1 by such an amount that the sound produced decreases exactly by one whole tone, with a single actuation of the second valve V2 by such an amount lengthens the sound produced by exactly one semitone and, with a single actuation of the third valve V3, increases it by such an amount that the sound produced decreases by exactly one and a half whole tones. If several of the valves V1, V2, V3 are actuated simultaneously in the lower of the second basic tunings F _low , then the pipe section R0 is extended by an amount which corresponds to an addition of the individual amounts.

If a fourth valve, namely a "stuffing valve" be provided, however, at least in the basic mood, a change in the total effective length of the French horn is made in the plugging of the French horn a change in tone occurs, not by operating one of the valves V1, V2, V3 is correctable. Particularly in the case of the possible first basic tuning B, the sound generated is not changed by the stopper by a semitone or a whole tone. Therefore, it is preferably provided in the first basic mood B that upon actuation of exactly one fourth valve (stuffing valve), the length of the other pipe section R0 changed, in particular is extended.

For those in the 3A and 3B The examples of a triple horn described here assume a B-tuning for the first basic tuning and a higher and a lower F-tuning F _high , F _low for the second basic tuning. As an alternative to the above basic moods, of course, all other possible basic moods come into question in the triple horn according to the invention, such. B. as the first or second basic mood in each case the basic mood C, D, Es, E and A and Es _high .

The other piece of pipe R0 the 3B can also be placed elsewhere in the French Horn. For example, it may be placed after the switching valve Vy or after the valves V1, V2, V3. Instead of a single piece of pipe, it is also possible to divide the necessary for a clean intonation extension or shortening of the total tube length of the French horn involved in the tone generation on two or three pieces of pipe, which are moved simultaneously.

From the into the 1A to 3B In the case of a triple horn, it can be provided that one of the basic tunings is provided with its own valve row as in the prior art, and the two other basic tunings are designed according to one of the two preferred embodiments , Also within the scope of the invention is a combination of the two preferred embodiments, which is suitable for double and triple horns: There are three more pipe pieces provided that do not match the valves V1, V2, V3 associated pipe sections and the valves V1, V2 , V3 are upstream, downstream, or in between. In this solution, each valve V1, V2, V3 assigned to a further pipe sections. If one of the second basic moods is selected, then when one of the valves V1, V2, V3 is actuated, the respectively assigned further pipe section is lengthened or shortened.

The 4 shows in an enlarged view a valve V2, as used in the two preferred embodiments. The basic structure corresponds to the other valves V1 and V3 of the invention. It can be seen that an airflow represented by an arrow and used to generate the sound can optionally be directed into or past the pipe section R2. The two switching elements drawn for this purpose (dashed lines) are actuated simultaneously in such a valve and in such a way that the air flow can escape in any case in the direction of the further arrow from the lower tube piece. The actuation of such a valve is preferably carried out by means of a button, which operates the hornist or the horn player with a finger.

The 5 shows the valve Vy, as in the example of 3B is used, but also in 3A is alternatively usable. Such a valve may, for. B. be operated with two buttons or with a button that can be moved in three switch positions. Such keys are preferably thumb buttons. The notes to the 4 apply mutatis mutandis.

The 6A shows a possible mechanical embodiment, with the first preferred embodiment according to 2A and 3A is feasible.

A key T is pivotally mounted about an axis A1 fixedly positioned relative to the French horn and against a spring, not shown. Your unactuated starting position is in the 6A represented by a solid line. If the key T is pressed by the horn player or the horn player, it is deflected into a. Position spent in the 6A is shown in dashed lines. Preferably firmly connected to the key T is a guide piece FST, so that during the pivoting or rotation of the key T about the axis A1 at whose operation also the guide piece FST is rotated or pivoted about the axis A1.

The guide piece FST preferably has a substantially curved, more preferably a substantially arcuate shape. At him an element STA is storable so that it is displaceable along this form. More preferably, the bearing of the element STA on the guide piece FST is such that the element STA can also rotate in addition to its displaceability about an axis which is substantially parallel to the axis A1, about which the key T can rotate.

The guide piece FST has such an extent, which, when rotated or pivoted together with the key T about the axis A1, seen in a direction Rx has a component of movement. For the application of the proposed invention in a double horn, it is sufficient that the guide piece FST has such a movement component in this or against this direction Rx. This variant is in the 6A but not shown. In 6A the variant is shown in which the guide piece has both a rotation component in and against the direction Rx during its rotation or during its pivoting. In order to apply the present invention to a triple horn, it is used in 6A used variant shown, in which the extension of the guide piece FST is selected so that the guide piece FST at its rotation about the axis A1 also has a direction of movement Rx opposite motion component.

The element STA is preferably a substantially rod-shaped element STA, d. H. a substantially elongated element STA with two ends. One of the ends is slidably and rotatably mounted in the guide piece FST according to the above information.

Instead of a rod-shaped element may also be provided a lever-like element, a transmission element, a cord, a rope or a chain.

The guide piece FST and the preferably rod-shaped element are part of a second mechanism.

The element STA is connected at its second end directly or indirectly with a pipe section R2. In the 6A is exemplified the second valve V2 associated pipe section R2. The principle of 6A However, it also applies to the valves V1 and V3 or the pipe sections R1 and R3. The pipe section R2 has a pipe bend and at least two parallel pipe ends connected thereto, which are mounted linearly displaceable in the direction Rx. In the example shown, the pipe ends immerse each in a pipe stub so and are stored in such a way that an extremely smooth linear displacement is possible and the storage is still substantially airtight. Due to the linear displacement, the pipe section R2 is changed in its effective pipe length, z. B. shortened or extended.

The element STA will then experience no movement in the direction Rx upon actuation of the button T when it is at a first position P1 in the guide piece FST which does not move in the direction Rx when the button T and the guide piece FST are pivoted about Axle A1 learns. This first position P1 is assigned to the first basic mood B. The element STA will then, upon actuation of the key T, experience a positive movement in the direction Rx when it is at a second position P2 in the guide piece FST which produces a positive component of movement in the direction Rx when the key T and the leader FST are pivoted about the axis A1 learns. This second position P2 is assigned to the second, lower fundamental tuning F _deep . The element STA will then, upon actuation of the key T, undergo a negative movement in the direction Rx, ie a movement opposite to the direction Rx, if it is at a third position P3 in the guide piece FST which causes a negative component of movement in the direction Rx Swiveling the key T and the guide piece FST about the axis A1 learns. This third position P3 is assigned to the second, higher and only the triple horn existing basic tuning F _high .

So that the preferably rod-shaped element STA can be moved from the first position P1 to the second position P2 and possibly into the third position P3, a guide FÜ which is not specified further is provided, which in the example shown in FIG 6A designed as a sliding bush in which the rod-shaped element can move smoothly. Other forms such as roles o. Ä. Are conceivable. The guide FÜ for the element STA can be moved by a third mechanism so that the element is moved to the respective positions P1, P2 and possibly P3. Preferably, the guide FÜ is coupled to one or more buttons, not shown, which are actuated by the hornist / horn player and with which the switching valves V0, Vx, Vy are operated. Preferably, these buttons associated with the change-over valves V0, Vx, Vy are thumb keys.

If the hornist or the horn player does not actuate any of the changeover valves Vx, V0 of the 3A assigned keys, he preferably selects the first basic mood B for playing. The leadership FÜ of the element STA is in the 6A does not shift up or down, but remains in the position P1 shown by solid lines, so that the element STA within the guide piece assumes the first position P1. If one of the valves V1, V2, V3 is actuated when the first basic mood B is selected, then the element STA experiences no component of motion in the direction Rx. The pipe section R1, R2, R3 assigned to the element STA is thus not displaced in the direction Rx or counter to the direction Rx, its effective length remains unchanged.

However, if the hornist operates z. As a button, the switching valve Vx the 3A (Triple horn) in a position in which the fourth pipe section R4 and the fifth pipe section R5 are not used, so that the higher of the second basic moods is selected, then with the operation of this the changeover valve Vx associated key and the guide FÜ is shifted in that the element STA is moved to the third position P3. In this operation of the switch associated with the switching valve Vx, each guide of each element STA of each valve V1, V2, V3 is moved to the third position. Then, when one of the keys V1, V2, V3 is actuated, then the element STA undergoes a direction of movement Rx opposite movement component, so that coupled to the element STA pipe bend with its pipe ends on the pipe stubs of the pipe section R1, R2, R3 of the valve V1 , V2, V3 is postponed and the effective pipe length of the pipe section R1, R2, R3 is thus shortened. This situation is in the 6A shown in phantom for the valve V2.

On the other hand, the hornist or the horn player activates z. B. another key or keys, the two switching valves Vx and V0 of the 3A (Triple horn) is assigned, he selects with the operation of this key (s) the lower of the second basic tunings F _low . With the actuation of these buttons (n) assigned to the changeover valves Vx, V0, the guide FÜ of each element STA of each valve V1, V2, V3 is also brought into the second position P2 by the third mechanism. Then, when one of the keys V1, V2, V3 is actuated, the element STA undergoes a movement component corresponding to the direction Rx, so that the pipe bend coupled to the element STA is pushed away with its pipe ends from the respective pipe stub of the valve and the effective pipe length of the Pipe pieces R1, R2, R3 is thus extended. This situation is in the 6A shown in dash-dotted lines for valve V2.

In the 6A can also be seen that a valve V2 is connected via a lever H2 with the T key. If the key T is pressed by the hornist or the horn player, the lever H2 is displaced and the valve V2 is rotated about a valve axis. The lever H2 is part of a first mechanism. Instead of a lever H2, a rope, a string, a chain or a transmission can be part of the first mechanism and the actuation of the key T transferred to the valve V2, so that the valve V2 is actuated.

The 6B shows the same mechanical embodiment as the 6A but in a plan view of the 6A ,

The 7A shows a second mechanical embodiment, which is suitable for the second preferred embodiment.

In the 7A This time, the valve V2, its first mechanism and the valve piece assigned to the pipe V2 is not shown for reasons of clarity. However, that is 7A to be understood that with the key T by means of a first mechanism as shown above, a key T associated valve V2 is actuated. That in the 7A Not shown, the valve V2 associated pipe section R2 this time has no operative connection to the preferably rod-shaped element STA. It is not provided in this second preferred embodiment variant to change the effective length of the pipe sections R1, R2, R3 together with an actuation of the valves V1, V2, V3 associated T keys.

The in the 7A recognizable key T in turn has a firmly connected with her leader FST. Because of its function is on the comments too 6A directed. The element STA can turn with the same or similar means as in 6A be spent in three positions P1, P2, P3. The movement or displacement of the guide FÜ is again via keys that are assigned to the changeover valves. The position P1 of the element STA is again assigned to the first basic tuning B, the second position P2 to the lower of the second basic tunings F _low and possibly the third position P3 of the higher of the second basic tunings F _Hoch . In contrast to the mechanical embodiment of 6A and 6B , which corresponds to the first preferred embodiment, is in the 7A according to the second preferred embodiment, transmitting the movement of the elements STA in the direction Rx to a rope S, a string or a chain ( 76 ). One end of the rope S, or the cord or chain is fixed on the French horn. With the second end of the rope S at least one further pipe section R0 is preferably operated against a spring force. The cord S can be guided around rollers ROL fixed with respect to the French horn and with rollers ROL1, ROL2, ROL3 connected to the elements STA. Instead of roles, the rope S can also be performed by other means.

If one of the keys T is then actuated and the associated element STA is displaced in the direction Rx, then the roller ROL1, ROL2, ROL3 associated with the element STA also moves in the same direction. This results in that the rope S at the point where it is indirectly or directly connected to the one pipe bend of the other pipe section R0, undergoes a movement. With this movement, the pipe bend can be pushed with two parallel pipe ends R0 on pipe stub or removed from them, so that in this way the effective length of the pipe section R0, in particular, the involved in the tone production total pipe length of the French horn changes.

From the 7B is also apparent that it is possible with the second mechanical embodiment, the movements of the three elements STA, which are associated with the three valves V1, V2, V3 additively overlap. It is achieved that with only one further piece of pipe R0 the necessary compensation of the total effective pipe length for the second or the second basic tunings F _high , F _{low is} possible.

Alternatively, it is possible to divide the necessary compensation of the total effective pipe length of the French horn to two or three further pipe sections, these pipe sections do not correspond to the pipe sections R1, R2, R3, which are associated with the valves V1, V2, V3.

In the 7B the end of the rope S is coupled to a lever H0 which transmits the movement of the rope S to the further tube R0. This makes it possible to provide an increase in the cable movement for the displacement of the pipe section R0. Instead, a pulley can be provided or the rope S can be connected directly to the pipe section R0.

It is understood that the above to the 2 to 7 mentioned examples can also be combined with one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The assignment of a mean basic tuning of the triple horn to the first basic tuning B, in which a displacement of the pipe sections R0, R1, R2, R3 is not performed, is initially purely arbitrary. However, since this mean basic mood B is most commonly used today, this also makes sense, since then usually a compensation of the effective pipe length is not necessary. Variations are possible here as well. If z. B. the highest basic mood or the lowest basic mood selected as the first basic mood, in which a displacement of the pipe sections R0, R1, R2, R3 is not made, the second mechanism must be adjusted accordingly: The displacement of the pipe sections R0, R1, R2, R3 then always goes in the same direction to the first mood.

B

erste Grundstimmung

F_Tief, F_hoch

zweite Grundstimmungen

V0, Vx, Vy

Umschaltventile zum Auswählen einer der Grundstimmungen

V1, V2, V3

Ventile

R1, R2, R3

Rohrstücke, die den Ventilen V1, V2, V3 zugeordnet sind

R4, R5, R6

Rohrstücke, die verschiedenen Grundstimmungen zugeordnet sind

R0

weiteres Rohrstück, dessen effektive Länge veränderbar ist

M

Mundstück

SB

Schallbecher, Schalltrichter

T

Taste

FST

Führungsstück

STA

Element, bevorzugt stangenförmiges Element

H2

Hebel 2 zur Betätigung des Ventils V2

H0

Hebel 0 zum Verschieben des weiteren Rohrstücks R0

FÜ

Führung

RST

Rohrstummel

Rx, Ry

Richtung

ROL

Rollen, gegenüber dem Waldhorn ortsfest angeordnet

ROL1

Rolle 1, an Element STA angeordnet

ROL2

Rolle 1, an Element STA angeordnet

ROL3

Rolle 1, an Element STA angeordnet

With the disclosed invention, it is possible to build a double horn and a triple horn, which has only a low weight and is also inexpensive to produce. Nevertheless, with such a double or triple horn for each mood an intonation compensation instead, so that here no smears such. B. must be accepted in the known from the prior art compensation horns. Another advantage is to be considered that the number of valves, the number of valves associated with the pipe sections and thus the number of necessary abrupt air deflections is reduced, which is contrary to the stability of the sound.

B

first mood

F _low , F _high

second basic moods

V0, Vx, Vy

Change-over valves for selecting one of the basic moods

V1, V2, V3

valves

R1, R2, R3

Pipe pieces, which are assigned to the valves V1, V2, V3

R4, R5, R6

Pipe pieces that are assigned to different basic moods

R0

another piece of pipe whose effective length is variable

M

mouthpiece

SB

Bell, bell

T

button

FST

guide piece

STA

Element, preferably rod-shaped element

H2

Lever 2 for actuating the valve V2

H0

Lever 0 for moving the other pipe section R0

FÜ

guide

RST

pipe stub

Rx, Ry

direction

ROL

Rolls, fixed against the French Horn

ROL1

Roll 1, arranged on element STA

ROL2

Roll 1, arranged on element STA

ROL3

Roll 1, arranged on element STA

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 2735334 A1 [0009]

Claims (10)

French Horn, which is configured as a double horn or as a triple horn, and in which by at least one switching valve (V0, Vx, Vy) between a first basic mood and at least a second basic mood (F _high , F _low ) of the French horn can be selected and which is a first Valve (V1), a second valve (V2) and a third valve (V3), wherein by the valves (V1, V2, V3) used for generating a sound overall length of the French horn by an actuation of one or more of the valves (V1, V2, V3) by connecting in each case a first pipe section (R1) assigned to the first valve (V1), a second pipe section (R2) assigned to the second valve (V2) and / or a third pipe section (R3) assigned to the third valve (V3) is extended and the. The sound generated by this becomes deeper, characterized in that the French horn has exactly one first valve (V1), which lowers the sound produced when the first basic tuning (B) is selected and when the first valve (V1) is actuated by exactly one whole tone the French horn has exactly one second valve (V2), which lowers the generated tone when the first basic tuning B is selected with a single actuation of the second valve (V2) by exactly one semitone, and that the French horn has exactly one third valve (V3) when the first basic tuning (B) is selected, the sound produced is reduced by exactly one and a half whole tones when the third valve (V3) is actuated individually, and that these three valves (V1, V2, V3) and their associated pipe sections (R1, R2, R3) are also suitable for at least one of the second basic tunings (F _high, F _low ), preferably for all second fundamental tunings (F _high, F _low ) of the French horn are used for tone generation and that if one of the two ten basic moods (F _high, F _deep ) and upon actuation of the first and / or the second and / or the third valve (V1, V2, V3) by a substantially linear displacement of at least a portion of the first pipe section (R1) and / or at least a part of the second pipe section (R2) and / or at least a part of the third pipe section (R3) and / or at least a part of at least one other, with the first, the second and the third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) not identical length of pipe (R0) shortens or lengthens the overall length of the French Horn used to generate the sound. French horn according to claim 1, characterized in that the three valves (V1, V2, V3) each have a key (T) is assigned and that upon actuation of one of the keys (T) the associated valve (V1, V2, V3) means a first mechanism is actuated and that with the actuated button (T), the respective, the respective valve (V1, V2, V3) associated first, second or third tube piece (R1, R2, R3) of the sound tube used total tube length of the French horn is added and that upon actuation of this key (T) and on selection of one of the second basic tunings (F _high, F _low ) of the French horn, an effective length of the first, second or third tube piece (R1, R2, R3) assigned to the respective key (T) relative to an effective length of the respective key (T) associated first, second or third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) is extended or shortened in the first basic tuning (B), in particular, in the selected second basic mood ( F _high, F _low ) with single actuation of the first valve (V1) to decrease the sound produced by exactly one whole tone and in particular to at least a second basic tuning (F _high, F _deep ) at a single actuation of the second valve (V2) reduce the generated sound by exactly one semitone, and in particular to lower the generated sound by exactly one and a half whole tones with the at least one second basic tuning (F _high, F _low ) with a single actuation of the third valve (V3). French horn according to claim 2, characterized in that upon actuation of one of the keys (T) at the beginning of this operation, first the associated valve (V1, V2, V3) is actuated so far that the respective key (T) associated first, second or third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) at least by a small functional air gap with the other used for sound production total pipe length of the French horn is associated and that in a further pressing the button (T) in addition to further actuation of the associated valve (V1, V2, V3), the effective length of the respective key (T) associated first, second or third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) is extended or shortened. French horn according to claim 1, characterized in that the three valves (V1, V2, V3) each have a key (T) is assigned and that upon actuation of the respective key (T) by means of a first mechanism their associated valve (V1, V2 , V3) is actuated and that with the respective button (T) the respective, the respective valve (V1, V2, V3) associated first, second or third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) is connected and that with the respective button ( T) also at least one of at least two, preferably all of the basic tunings (B, F _high , F _deep ) shared further pipe section (R0), which is not the first pipe section (R1) and not the second pipe section ( 2 ) and does not correspond to the third pipe section (R3), if one of the second basic tunings (F _high , F _low ) is selected to be extended or shortened in its effective length in relation to the effective length in the first basic tuning (B), in particular, in order to lower the generated tone by exactly one whole tone when the at least one second basic tuning (F _high, F _low ) is selected for a single actuation of the first valve (V1), and in particular in order to select the at least one second basic tuning (F _high , F _deep ) with single actuation of the second valve (V2) to decrease the sound produced by exactly one semitone and in particular to the choice of at least one second basic mood (F _high, F _deep ) with single actuation of the third valve (V3) Tone to degrade exactly one and a half whole tones. French horn, which is configured as a double horn or as a triple horn, and in which by at least one switching valve (V0, Vx, Vy) between a first basic mood (B) and at least a second basic mood (F _high, F _low ) of the French horn can be selected, and which has a first valve (V1), a second valve (V2) and a third valve (V3), wherein through the valves (V1, V2, V3) used for generating a sound total tube length of the French horn by an actuation of one or more of the valves (V1, V2, V3) by connecting in each case one of the first valve (V1) associated first pipe section (R1), the second valve (V2) associated second pipe section (R2) and / or a third valve (V3) associated third pipe section (R3) is extended and the sound generated thereby becomes deeper, characterized in that each of the three valves (V1, V2, V3) is assigned a respective key (T), wherein upon actuation of one of the keys (T) the ever associated key (T) associated valve (V1, V2, V3) is actuated by means of a first mechanism and that upon actuation of this key (T) by means of a second mechanism used for generating a sound total tube length of the French horn by a substantially linear displacement of the first Pipe section (R1) and / or the second pipe section (R2) and / or the third pipe section (R3) and / or at least one further, not identical with the first, the second and the third pipe section (R1, R2, R3) pipe section ( R0) is lengthened or shortened, wherein preferably the second mechanism only if a second basic tuning (F _high, F _low ) is used, lengthens or shortens the overall tube length of the French horn used for generating the sound, and more preferably the second mechanism selects the first basic tuning (B). the overall tube length of the French horn used for the tone generation is not extended or shortened. French horn, which is configured as a double horn or as a triple horn, and in which by at least one switching valve (V0, Vx, Vy) between at least a first basic mood (B) and at least a second basic mood (F _high, F _low ) of the French horn can be selected and which has a first valve (V1), a second valve (V2) and a third valve (V3), wherein through the valves (V1, V2, V3) used for generating a sound overall length of the French horn by an actuation of one or more of Valves (V1, V2, V3) by connecting in each case one of the first valve (V1) associated first pipe section (R1), the second valve (V2) associated with the second pipe section (R2) and / or a third valve associated third pipe section (R3 ) is extended and the sound generated is deeper, characterized in that • each of the three valves (V1, V2, V3) is assigned a key (T) and that • in the first basic mood (B) he only by adding the first pipe section (R1) and / or the second pipe section (R2) and / or the third pipe section (R3) to the total pipe length of the French horn used for the sound generation, and that • in the at least one second basic tuning ( F _high, F _deep ) the sound produced by connecting the first pipe section (R1) and / or the second pipe section (R2) and / or the third pipe section (R3) to the total length of the hornhorn used for sound generation and a substantially simultaneous Adjusting a respective effective tube length of the first tube piece (R1) and / or the second tube piece (R2) and / or the third tube piece (R3) and / or at least one further, with the first, the second and the third tube piece (R1, R2 , R3) not identical pipe section (R0), preferably by a substantially linear displacement of at least a portion of the respective pipe sections (R0, R1, R2, R3), is deeper. French horn according to one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that associated with each one of the valves (V1, V2, V3) on each, preferably rotatable about an axis (A1) mounted key (T) is, with this key (T) firmly connected in each case a preferably substantially curved, preferably substantially arcuate guide piece (FST) is provided, wherein in each guide piece (FST) in each case a preferably substantially rod-shaped element (STA) is slidably mounted, which on the first, the second, the third or the at least one further pipe section (R1, R2, R3, R0) acts on its substantially linear displacement directly or indirectly, in particular by means of a lever H0 or a pulley, wherein in each case the key ( T) associated guide piece (FST) and the same key (T) associated with element (STA) are part of the second mechanism. French horn according to claim 7, characterized in that the preferably substantially rod-shaped element (STA) • in the selection of the first basic mood (B) in the guide piece (FST) in a first position (P1) is displaceable, in the associated with the actuation thereof Button (T) the element (STA) in a defined first direction (R _x ) is not or not substantially moved, so that when you select the first Basic mood (B) and upon actuation of the associated button (T) the at least one pipe section (R0, R1, R2, R3) is not or substantially not displaced by the element (STA) and that the element (STA) is selected relative to the first basic tuning (B) lower second basic tuning (F _deep ) in the guide piece (FST) in a second position (P2) is displaceable, in which upon actuation of the associated button (T), the element (STA) in the defined first direction (R _x ) is moved so that the at least one piece of pipe (R0, R1, R2, R3) connected to the element (STA) is linearly displaced from the element (STA) either in the first direction Rx or in a defined second direction (R ) is shifted and / or that possibly • when selecting a relation to the first basic mood (B) higher second basic mood (F _high ), the element (STA) in a third position (P3) is displaceable, in which upon actuation of the associated button ( T) the element (STA) either against the defi nected first direction (R _x ) or against the defined second direction (Ry) is moved. French horn according to one of claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that all three elements (STA) act on exactly one cable (S), on exactly one cord, on exactly one wire or exactly one chain such that the respective movements of the rod-shaped elements (STA) additively overlap and preferably the cable (S), the cord, the wire or the chain is also at least in places moved with the superimposed movement and this superimposed movement of the rope (S), the cord, the wire or the chain is used to linearly move the at least one further piece of pipe (R0) directly or by means of a pulley or a lever (H0) preferably against a spring force. French horn according to one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one shift key, in particular a thumb switch button is provided on the French horn, preferably upon actuation of the at least one shift key a choice one of the second basic tunings (F _high, F _deep ) of the French horn by means of at least one switching valve (V0, Vx, Vy) is possible and with the actuation of the at least one shift key and all rod-shaped elements (STA) along the curved, preferably circular arc-shaped forms of Guide pieces (FST), preferably by means of a respective guide (FÜ) in the second position (P2) and possibly in the position (P3) are moved.

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