DE202011102595U1 - Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap GKK - Google Patents

Abstract

Gas-carbon catalytic converter with ion trap (GKK) for the gasification of carbon in the fuel gas, characterized in that it is composed of a cylindrical round container at the lower end of which there is a conical attachment, with the round cylindrical container between and the cone-shaped extension underneath there is a perforated baffle plate with a centrally arranged round cutout (1 structure GKK). Furthermore, this GKK basic container is equipped with a tube located in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container, through which contaminated gas is supplied from above, and the lower end of which ends just above the perforated baffle plate. In the further internal structure, just above the lower end of the central tube located in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container, there is a composite of many thin tubes, which, lying close together, fill the space between the inner wall of the cylindrical container and the outer wall of the central tube (1st floor) Structure GKK).

Description

The invention relates to a gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for removing charcoal and charcoal dust from the high-temperature carbon (HTCR), and comparable gasification and gasification reactors (hereinafter abbreviated as VGR), extracted fuel gases, and provides an alternative to previously used complex gas conditioning techniques available.

Fuel gases from the high temperature carbon reactors (HTCR) / (VGR), for the z. As gas engine use, are generally contaminated with charcoal dust and small charcoal pieces. This is because the fuel gas leaves high-temperature carbon reactors (HTCR) / (VGR), which are operated in the induced draft, at high speed, and here o. Charcoal dust and charcoal pieces are sucked out of the reactors. High Temperature Carbon Reactors (HTCR) produce charcoal from predominantly woodchips and then gasify the carbon content of the charcoal into a fuel gas in a hot oxidation zone at about 1200 ° C. In addition to the high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) comparable plants work according to the same physical and chemical principle, such. B. the high-frequency reactor (RF reactor). On the other hand, pure wood gasifiers only produce fuel gas mainly from pyrolysis of woodchips. All these reactors and carburetors have in common that found in the extracted fuel gas contaminants consisting of charcoal pieces and charcoal dust. Hereinafter, high-temperature carbon reactors are called HTCR and the others o. G. Carburetor and reactor types abbreviated as National Accounts.

In addition to the fact that especially the smaller pieces of charcoal can clog the pipes permanently, the load with charcoal dust causes severe damage in the gas engines and can clog pipes and filters.

A filtering out the charcoal pieces and the charcoal dust is not practical, since the filter at a z. For example, in order to quickly add barrier filtration, increase the total resistance (suction drag) so that the high temperature reactors operating in the induced draft regime will cease functioning and produce large quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a direct result of the decreasing temperature of the oxidation zone. This is causally due to the fact that a reduction in the extracted gas stream resulting reduced primary air supply in the oxidation region, a z. B. HTCR, also means a reduced supply of befindlichem in the primary air oxygen for the oxidation of the local carbon. As a result, the temperature in the oxidation region of a z. B. HTCR far below the required 1200 ° C, so that there carbon can not be gasified. During the implementation of z. B. Wood chips in charcoal are in the pyrolysis of a z. B. HTCR polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAH) produced. If the temperature in the oxidation region of a z. B. HTCR below about 1100 ° C, then these PAHs are no longer cracked there as usual, sucked with the fuel gas, and contaminate the system with z. As tar and other long-chain hydrocarbons. These contaminations of PAHs also accelerate the clogging of e.g. As pipes and filters, since they are quite sticky, and like a flycatcher, the charcoal pieces and charcoal dust on the inner walls of z. As pipes, or on filter surfaces, adhere.

The transport of the fuel gas can not only by a z. B. blocked pipe, but also by a z. B. blocked blocking filter.

Furthermore, clogged pipes and filters directly influence the function of a z. HTCR, by limiting carbon gasification and hampering cracking of PAHs.

When leaving a normally functioning high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) / (VGR), the fuel gas has a best temperature of approx. 500 ° C, which is why only expensive ceramic filters can be used. When using inexpensive, z. B. barrier filters, with low operating temperatures, the fuel gas must be cooled down to a temperature between 100 ° C and 200 ° C before applying the filter surfaces, so that the use of an additional and fault-prone gas cooling system is necessary, which clogged in the course of operation and mentioned above Reactor failure, namely, decreased gasification of carbon and non-cracking of PAHs.

When using a Massenkraftabscheiders (cyclone) Although charcoal pieces are reliably deposited, but the fine charcoal dust must be removed in a subsequent filtration process. Whereby the problem of clogging arises again in the area of the filters.

It has proved to be practicable here as a filter substitute the operation of a scrubber with the washing medium water. Disadvantageous here are very large amounts of sludge, which must be removed regularly from the gas scrubber. In addition to this waste material are considered necessary Operating resources greater amounts of clean water, or the use of a suitable water treatment plant for the washing medium necessary.

Another disadvantage in the operation of a scrubber with the washing medium water results from the fact that the temperature of the scrubbing medium must be kept below boiling temperature. A formation of a vapor bubble track in the gas scrubber has to be carried out by appropriate design measures, since only edge regions of the vapor bubble forming fuel gas are in direct contact with the washing medium at the formed steam bubble track.

Overheating of the washing medium during prolonged operation must be avoided at all costs. The latter is in turn possible only in the closed Waschmediumkreis by the use of heat exchangers and additional pump, which the complexity and susceptibility, z. B. by adding the heat exchanger for the washing medium by sludge and the like means. The fuel gas must be cooled before being fed into the gas scrubber to a technically usable temperature, which depends on the boiling point of the washing medium, with the risk of clogging of the upstream gas cooling system is permanently caused by the charcoal dust. Adding this necessary upstream gas cooling system, or the gas scrubber itself, means the consequences already described in the form of reduced gasification of carbon and non-cracking of PAH in the oxidation region of a z. HTCR. As a further disadvantage of the washing medium water, it results that, when operating below boiling temperature of the water, a droplet contamination of the gas when leaving the gas scrubber occurs.

Although the gas scrubber cleans the gas from charcoal and charcoal dust as long as the scrubbing medium is not saturated, it acts at the same time as a gas humidifier in which small water droplets are entrained in the gas scrubber by the gas flow. These water droplets form predominantly around a core of charcoal dust.

This could be remedied by using a droplet separator behind the gas scrubber. Although charcoal dust remains for the most part in the gas scrubber's absorption medium, the droplets extracted with dust particles must be removed by suitable methods and means before they reach / reach the gas engine / gas engines, but for these droplet depositing methods and devices Danger of an increase with separated charcoal dust can mean. Removal of the contaminated water droplets by osmosis and reverse osmosis excreted because of the required pressures, also the use of z. B. ultrafiltration or staggered barrier filtrations. The suction engines would not be able to overcome the corresponding resistances with a maximum of 0.2 mbar (suction negative pressure).

If the engines are operated with negative pressures in the intake manifold of 0.4 mbar to 0.2 mbar, then the consequences are the most serious engine damage, as is sucked by the excessive negative pressure engine oil in the combustion chambers.

This type of engine damage is incidentally also the result when the negative pressure in the z. B. Pipelines in front of the engines as a result of clogging of pipes and filters increases.

A washing medium, which leads in the long run to no droplet contamination with the described problem, is currently unknown.

The use of a washing medium with a higher boiling point, z. As rapeseed methyl ester makes a powerful gas cooling before the scrubber superfluous, but increases the operating costs, since z. B. Rapsmethylester is much more expensive than water as a washing medium.

Such higher boiling temperature wash media have the additional problem that they must be disposed of expensively after use while muds of water and charcoal dust would still be capable of being introduced.

All the methods and techniques mentioned here mean a high maintenance and cleaning effort, as well as the accrual of contaminated media in several areas of the o. G. Components resulting gas conditioning line. The high susceptibility to interference with the consequences described is an additional argument against the above. Gas conditioning techniques. In particular, when using a scrubber charcoal dust for further energy recovery are mostly lost because a treatment of the sludge with the desired separation of usable charcoal dust economically is not profitable.

Valuable carbon is thus withdrawn by the gas scrubber gas forming process, and is no longer available for an energetic conversion of solid carbons in a flammable lean gas, that is, that bound in the sludges of the scrubbing media charcoal dust neither used thermally, or after Separation of the carbon component can be converted by gasification into a fuel gas, since separation processes are not economically would be worthwhile. The experimentally separated and isolated charcoal dust accounts for up to about 10 wt .-% of converted in the same period of woodchip amount. The carbon dusts bound in the sludges of scrubbers for fuel gas synthesis, or other thermal use, can be said to be significant.

The potential use of electrostatic precipitates, for smaller systems of up to 200 kWel, because of the high cost.

The solution of the problems encountered in the gas conditioning of fuel gases from high-temperature reactors results from the gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK).

The GKK is a technology that gaseously converts the solid charcoal pieces and charcoal dust contained in the fuel gas of high-temperature carbon reactors (HTCR) / (VGR) in a multi-stage process, and increases the proportion of combustible carbon monoxide in the fuel gas.

In the first stage, the GKK separates pieces of charcoal from charcoal dust, with the charcoal pieces being separated from the gas as described below. In the second stage, charcoal pieces and charcoal dust, as described below, are gasified in two separate areas of the CCN into carbon monoxide as a fuel gas.

In the third stage, according to the following description, the remaining in the gasification process of the carbon mineral ashes are removed from the fuel gas.

The GKK is installed in the immediate vicinity, ie as short as possible, to the High Temperature Carbon Reactor (HTCR) / (VGR). In this way, the length of the pipeline at risk of clogging is kept as low as possible. Also, the closer the GKK is to the high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) / (VGR), the higher the temperature of the fuel gas entering the GKK. In practical operation of the high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) / (VGR) showed that pipes between z. As HTCR and GKK less or not enforce, the higher the temperature of the passed, contaminated with charcoal and charcoal dust, gas is. The reason is that the water molecules in the fuel gas accumulate less on the inner walls of the pipes, the higher the gas temperature. The attachment of water molecules also means an attachment of charcoal dust, since the water molecules, such as an adhesive or binder, increase the binding ability of the charcoal dust to the metal of the inner wall of the pipeline.

However, the desired high gas temperature also causes the transported charcoal dust is statically charged, and preferably deposited on metallic surfaces for the purpose of equipotential bonding. In practical operation, however, it has been found that at high gas velocities in pipes that are not too large in diameter, the statically charged charcoal dust is given no opportunity to attach to the metal. The mass inertia forces of the rapidly moving charcoal dust are higher than the attractive forces resulting from the equipotential bonding. Charcoal dust in fast-moving hot gases therefore show little tendency to adhere to the inner walls of pipes.

The charcoal dust statically charged at high fuel gas temperatures cause a suitable pipe diameter, with the purpose of high gas velocity, therefore no blockages in the shortest possible pipeline between high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) / (VGR) and gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK). Only pieces of charcoal transported with the gas stream can rarely cause blockages once they become wedged. However, at high gas velocities, the mass inertia of the charcoal pieces is high enough that they can not remain in the short pipeline between high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) / (VGR) and GKK to plug the pipeline in such a way.

By keeping the pipeline as short as possible, the fuel gas contaminated with charcoal and charcoal dust is fed from above to the GKK.

The GKK consists in its simplest embodiment of a cylindrical upright container with a conical attachment at the lower end of the cylindrical container, and a laterally located from this cylindrical container upright rectangular ion trap a large contact area in the form of many individual, arranged along the gas stream sheets , owns and is equipped with two calming zones. The cylindrical vessel with conical extension at the lower end serves to convert solid charcoal pieces and charcoal dusts into primarily carbon monoxide, while the ion scavenger serves to collect the ashes left over upon reacting the carbon in the cylindrical container.

The hot contaminated fuel gas enters from above into the cylindrical container, and is by a arranged in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container tube, transported just above the located at the bottom of the conical attachment. Due to the high speed of larger pieces of charcoal are accelerated as projectiles in the cone-shaped cultivation. A perforated round baffle plate with a circular recess in the middle, which is located between cylindrical container and cone-shaped attachment underneath, thereby prevents bouncing charcoal pieces from the inner wall of the cone-shaped attachment back into the cylindrical container. The sloping walls of the cone-shaped cultivation bouncing charcoal pieces are also more laterally, than deflected upwards.

Due to the larger volume available between the inner wall of the cylindrical container, and the inner rotationally symmetrical downwardly directed tube, the gas velocity decreases such that the accelerated down into the cone-shaped cultivation larger charcoal pieces from the now slower gas flow can not be entrained especially since they are outside the movement of the slowed gas flow. The perforated baffle plate prevents sucking charcoal pieces from the conical cultivation in that the gas flow can no longer affect there, since the perforated baffle plate ensures a secure stall of the gas stream. The slowed down with only the smallest charcoal pieces and charcoal dust loaded gas stream is deflected upwards from the cylindrical container, wherein the flow deflection and upward flow direction results from the fact that the gas is sucked laterally at the upper end of the cylindrical container. The gas stream contaminated with mainly charcoal dust must pass from below a bundle of closely spaced pipes with small pipe diameters arranged along the ascending movement of the fuel gas and between the inner wall of the shell of the cylindrical vessel and the outer wall of the one in the Rotary axis of the cylindrical container arranged central tube are located. The lower end of the tube bundle is in this case arranged just above the lower end of the located in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container central tube. Since the gas velocity in the region of the passage of the tubes of the tube bundle increases only insignificantly, the statically charged charcoal dust large surfaces for equipotential bonding are available. Even the smallest charcoal pieces stick to the inner walls of the tubes of the tube bundle. Given a suitable number and length of the tube bundle, the gas stream contaminated with charcoal dust from below exhausts the upper outlet openings of the tube bundle largely from charcoal dust, since the statically charged charcoal dust attaches to the inner walls of the tubes of the tube bundle for equipotential bonding.

At inlet temperatures above approximately 420 ° C, the fuel gas contaminated with charcoal and charcoal dust enters the GCC at the ignition temperature of the combustible gas constituents of the fuel gas.

Both in the conical cultivation, as well as in the area of the cylindrical container located above it is in each case a primary air supply. The output of the primary air supply in the cylindrical container ends centrally under the arranged in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container central tube, just above the perforated baffle plate. The primary air supply into the cone-shaped attachment ends in the axis of rotation of the conical attachment, halfway between the lower end of the conical attachment and the underside of the baffle plate. The outlet openings of the two primary air supplies are bent down to protect against contamination.

Since the entire GKK works on the basis of the induced draft principle in the negative pressure, a reliable supply of primary air is always ensured in the cylindrical container and the underlying conical mounting.

The incoming primary air mixes in the cylindrical container with the incoming hot contaminated with charcoal and charcoal dust fuel gases. When fuel gases above their ignition temperature of about 420 ° C occurs partial oxidation between occurred in the primary air existing oxygen, and parts of the combustible components in the fuel gas. Through these oxidations, the temperature increases in the effective range of the tube bundle to about 1200 ° C, the effective range is defined as the range in which carbon and oxygen to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide react, and as a follow-up reaction carbon dioxide reduced to carbon monoxide and the released oxygen with Carbon in turn reacts to carbon monoxide. The following essential gas-forming reactions result from solid carbon to mainly carbon monoxide:

Where, according to the Boudouar equilibrium reactions, the gas phase is preferred, the higher the reaction temperature.

It must be pointed out, however, that even with optimal functioning of the GKK, there is no complete conversion of the carbon to carbon monoxide.

In addition to not mentioned carbon and hydrocarbons carbon dioxide will remain as reaction products in the fuel gas.

The calorific value of the fuel gas, which decreases as a result of partial oxidations of combustible constituents with the oxygen content of the primary air, is compensated by the gain from gasification of the solid carbon to carbon monoxide, the ignition and combustion of the conditioned fuel gas in the gas engine (s) due to the now higher carbon monoxide component. Gas engine runs off, which means that the / the firing angle of the / the gas engine / gas engines must be presented before the top dead center / must. Due to the fact that the gas-forming reactions of solid carbons according to the Boudouar equilibrium reactions are endothermic reactions, the conditioned fuel gas leaves the cylindrical vessel at a temperature which approximately corresponds to the gas inlet temperature of the originally contaminated fuel gas into the cylindrical vessel and not with the high temperatures that one expects according to the partial oxidation in the effective range. The endothermic reactions draw their energy needs from the released thermal energy of the partial oxidation of combustible constituents of the fuel gas with oxygen from the supplied primary air.

With suitable dimensioning of the cylindrical container and the tube bundle located in it could be determined in practical operation that results in a regulation of the primary air supply from direct comparison between gas inlet temperature and gas outlet temperature.

If the gas outlet temperature is higher than the gas inlet temperature, too much primary air is supplied to the cylindrical vessel.

If the gas outlet temperature is lower than the gas inlet temperature, too little primary air is supplied to the cylindrical vessel.

If the gas outlet temperature and the gas inlet temperature are almost equal, the primary air is supplied in correct proportion to the oxygen supply of the partial oxidation and of the necessary for the gasification of the carbon oxygen content. A regulation of the amount of primary air necessary for the operation is so easy to realize functionally reliable and cost-effective to implement comparison of gas outlet and gas inlet temperature.

In the event that the gas inlet temperature is below the ignition temperature of about 420 ° C of the combustible components of the fuel gas, the cylindrical container is internally equipped with an ignition electrode operated by a located outside the GKK ignition transformer, a continuous sequence of electrical Sparks generated between the ignition electrode and the lower edge of the arranged in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container central tube. In this case, the ignition electrode of possible deposits burns constantly free. In this way, when using a 100% ignition transformer (for continuous operation) it is ensured that the ignition electrode always leads to partial oxidation for providing the necessary thermal energy of the endothermic gasification reactions, even if the gas inlet temperature in the GKK is below the ignition temperature of approximately 450 ° C is.

Due to the high temperatures of about 1200 ° C in the effective range of the tube bundle, this part of GKK is able to thermally crack polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly in carbon monoxide. The increased supply of primary air necessary for this purpose is likewise controlled via the direct comparison of gas inlet and gas outlet temperature. The combustible components of the fuel gas to be applied for the thermal cracking of PAHs are largely compensated by the amount of carbon monoxide which forms during cracking.

With increasing temperature in the cylindrical container, the heat radiation in the underlying conical cultivation, as well as trickling down glowing ashes as ignition source, enough that the carbon content of larger charcoal pieces collecting there, with oxygen from the lower primary air supply, can be gasified. This takes place as soon as the charcoal pieces accumulated there start to oxidize and thus the temperatures required for the gasification are available, but the reactions take place substoichiometrically. In the oxidation of the carbon itself, the necessary gasification agent carbon dioxide is produced for the gasification of carbon to carbon monoxide.

The high temperatures of both the partial oxidation, as well as the partial oxidation of the Charcoal in the cone-shaped cultivation, also prevent the holes of the perforated round baffle plate enforced, in which they are continuously free-annealed.

Resulting ashes trickle either in the located below the round baffle cone-shaped cultivation, or are carried by the gas flow of it.

The same annealing prevents clogging of the tubes of the tube bundle. Ashes arising there either trickle on the perforated baffle plate, and from there into the cone-shaped cultivation, or are carried along by the gas stream and transported out of the cylindrical container.

By the principle of the free-running clogging of the internal components of the GKK is effectively counteracted. The high temperature required for annealing is ensured by the partial oxidation of parts of the fuel gas.

The gas-forming reactions in the cone-shaped cultivation correspond to the already mentioned gas-forming reactions in the effective range of the tube bundle in the cylindrical container. The primary air supply in the cone-shaped cultivation need not be regulated during operation. It is set once and then not changed. If too much primary air is added to the cone-shaped cultivation, there is a rapid oxidation of the charcoal pieces located there, but little gas-forming reactions.

If too little primary air is supplied to the cone-shaped cultivation, there is too little oxidation of the charcoal pieces, which also means little gas formation due to the then lack of thermal energy for the gas-forming reactions of the gasification process of carbon. As an indication for the fixed setting of the primary air quantity in the conical cultivation is the observation of the maximum power of the / the gas engine / gas engines. When GKK is put into operation for the first time, about 10% by volume of the cone-shaped cultivation should be filled with charcoal in order to provide a starting oxidation material. In this way, it is possible to reduce the mass fraction of carbon contaminants in the fuel gas to up to approx. 3% of the original mass by virtue of the cylindrical container and the conical surface of the GKK underneath. As a waste product only mineral ashes remain in the conical bottom attachment of the cylindrical container, and mineral ashes, which are carried with the gas flow from the tube bundle of the cylindrical container. Due to the low mass and volume fraction of the conical cultivation needs, depending on the dimensions, only after quite a long period of operation, about a month to be cleaned by the accumulating there mineral ash.

The hot fuel gases leaving the cylindrical vessel at the upper lateral end, largely freed of carbon, carry mineral ash into the ion trap of the GKK.

The ion trap represents the last stage of conditioning of the GKK.

The heated mineral ash dusts present in the hot conditioned fuel gas are statically charged, but exhibit a lesser tendency to deposit on surfaces for purposes of equipotential bonding, as compared to statically charged charcoal dusts.

As a solution to this problem, the use of injected into the ion trap water vapor is used.

The ion trap consists of an advantageously rectangular upright container in which there are a large number of along the gas flow built-in sheets with large surfaces, in which coming from the cylindrical container, offset with mineral ash, gas stream at 200 ° C to 500 ° C. supplied from above. Water vapor is injected into the gas-feeding tube immediately before it enters the ion trap.

At the lower end of the rectangular container there is a large-volume calming zone, in which the gas stream is sucked off laterally, and then laterally, through a further rectangular container located at the side containing the sheets.

The resulting flow direction is dictated by the suction of the gas from the upper middle end of this lateral container. The water vapor injected into the ion trap, directly into the conditioned mineral ash dust containing conditioned hot gas stream from the cylindrical container, acts as a binder or emulsifier between the surfaces of the numerous sheets and mineral ash dust present in the rectangular container.

Ashes bind to the surfaces of the sheets via the water molecules and stick there, even if the water molecules detach from the surfaces of the sheets due to the high temperature.

The water molecules do not occur isolated in isolation, but as a composite of several water molecules in cluster form, wherein Cluster form should be defined as the form in which several molecules form a composite, but move freely from other cluster forms in a non-liquid medium.

The use of a water bath instead of injected water vapor would only produce sludge from ash and water. The water molecules themselves remain largely as such even at temperatures of about 500 ° C, it takes place in this temperature range almost no thermolysis of water molecules. The polar covalent bonding properties between metal surface and water molecules are maintained at high temperatures. In a water bath, it would only be possible, as an alkaline solution, to produce ash liquor which, because of the high proportion of water, would be harder to dispose of than the original ash mass. The resulting problem would be similar to those in the disposal of charcoal sludge from scrubbers. Moreover, the use of a z. B. water bath alone due to the high gas inlet temperature. At gas inlet temperatures in the ion trap of less than about 200 ° C small water droplets can form, ride on the hot metal surfaces only on a surrounding steam cushion, but does not come into direct contact with the metal surfaces of the sheets. An adhesion of ashes to the metal surfaces of the ion trap would then no longer be possible via water molecules as polar covalent bonding agents.

For this reason, the water is not injected in liquid form into the gas feed tube of the ion trap, but already in vapor form. Injecting liquid water into the gas feed tube of the ion trap could, depending on the amount of water and water temperature, depress the gas inlet temperature below the critical level of about 200 ° C by giving the incoming gas thermal energy to convert the water from the liquid to the vapor phase is withdrawn.

Therefore, the steam generation via the steam generator which is operated with the thermal radiation of the cylindrical container, since there the gas outlet temperature, which corresponds approximately to the gas inlet temperature in the ion trap, can be controlled via the primary air supply into the cylindrical container. In addition to the fact that the steam generator in overpressure operation can provide water vapor at temperatures well above 200 ° C, a cooling down of the entering into the ion trap fuel gas is safely counteracted.

The injection of water vapor also means that from the outset only water molecules in cluster form are introduced into the gas stream of the gas inlet tube of the ion trap.

Only at about 1000 ° C gas or steam temperature, only isolated water molecules would be expected.

After the first ashes have bound to the surfaces with the help of redissolving water molecules, subsequent ashes, also via water molecules as temporary polar covalent binding agents, bind to and remain attached to ashes already adhering to the surfaces of the odor the water molecules dissolve again. In this way, thread-like, partly flake-like structures of mineral ash grow on the surfaces of the sheets.

If these filiform or flaky structures of mineral ashes reach a critical size and mass, they are detached from the gas flow by the surfaces of the sheets and transported downwards into the settling zone. The calming zone represents a bulky space below the rectangular box containing the sheets, and serves to slow down the gas flow. The geometry of the calming zone can be designed as desired.

With appropriate dimensioning of the calming zone in the lower region of the ion trap, the gas velocity decreases there so far that the filamentous or flaky structures moving from above through the gas flow from mineral ashes, caused by gravity, sink and collect at the bottom of the calming zone , They can no longer be carried out of the calming zone by the slowed-down gas flow, since the mass of the filamentous or flaky structures formerly formed on the sheets is greater than the individual masses of loose charcoal dust from which they are built up.

The calming area has on the lower side, at any point, a closable access opening for removing accumulated thread- or flake-shaped ashes.

The periods between the revisions, ie the removal of the ashes, depends on the dimensioning of the calming area, which is thus at the same time collecting space for separated filamentous or flake-shaped ashes.

The ion trap has in addition to the rectangular boxes containing the sheets a laterally arranged second box which is located on the calming zone as additional Calming zone is used, at the bottom of the calming zone is open and over the upper end of the purified fuel gas is sucked.

The ion trap as a solid necessary component of GKK therefore represents a catalyst for the formation of heavy and solid filamentary and partly flake-like structures that are produced from loose and light charcoal dust by using water molecules from injected water vapor as a temporary binder for the composition of these structures from loose charcoal dust become. Due to their high mass, these formed structures can no longer be carried along by the slowed-down gas flow, whereby the fuel gas is effectively freed of fine mineral ash dust.

The injected water vapor is advantageously produced in a steam generator heated by the waste heat of the cylindrical tank of the GKK. The design of the steam generator for the production of the steam to be injected can be chosen according to the state of the art. Since the injection of the steam, from above, takes place in the gas flow moving in the same direction, clogging or clogging of the steam nozzle by ash dust in the fuel gas is effectively counteracted. The water vapor nozzle can thus consist in its simplest form of a capillary tube, and requires no special shape or construction. In practical operation showed that depending on the contamination of the fuel gas, already one and a half liters of water in the form of water vapor per hour for 300 cubic meters of fuel gas per hour can be sufficient.

The originally injected steam is transported with the conditioned gas stream up to the gas engine (s) and released via the exhaust gas connection to the atmosphere, the amounts of water vapor being so small that they pose no danger to the gas engine (s), and Water hammer with damage to the cylinder head gasket / s are not to be feared. Here, the preferable gas temperature is about 70 ° C to 80 ° C at the air-gas mixture inlet in front of the engines, so that a portion of water vapor as condensate in liquid form directly in front of the engines from the supplying mixture pipes, or mixture tanks removed can be.

However, there is no possibility of automatic injection of the required amounts of steam into the gas feed tube of the ion trap of the GKK, which corresponds to the degree of contamination of the gas with mineral ash dust.

The amount of water vapor must be adjusted manually by hand until an optimum degree of separation of mineral ash is achieved.

With appropriate dimensioning of the gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) and correctly arranged steam injection into the feeding gas pipe of the ion trap, the previously contaminated with charcoal pieces and charcoal ash fuel gas of up to 98% of the original contamination volume, this corresponds roughly to 80% of the original Contamination mass, to be cleaned. The remaining after the gas conditioning by the GKK in the fuel gas remaining low contamination of carbon and dusts can be cleaned by a barrier or absorption filtration. In this way, with GKK, a highly efficient technology for conditioning fuel gas is available that can be used without any consumables such as fuel. As filters, and without large consumption media, eg. As washing media, gets by.

Advantageously, the from the high temperature carbon reactor (HTCR) / (VGR) with sucked, located in the gas stream charcoal and charcoal dust, gasified, so that the formerly unusable solid carbon products in the fuel gas conversion of solid carbon, gasmotorisch usable carbon monoxide as an additive of the fuel gas , is subjected.

As solid waste products only mineral ashes and small amounts of condensate, the resulting condensate quantities are so small that they can be eliminated without problems.

The gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) can thus serve as an alternative to the previous complex and fault-prone gas conditioning of high-temperature carbon reactors (HTCR), or comparable gasification plants and gasification reactors.

Due to the high temperatures of the partial oxidation in the effective range of the tubes of the tube bundle of about 1200 ° C, the GKK is also able to thermally crack polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) into mainly combustible carbon monoxide. Thus, the gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) and wood gasifiers, z. B. Gleichstromfestbettvergasern, for conditioning of PAK contaminated wood gas application can be found. As a result of the necessary supply of primary air, the proportion of nitrogen (N, NOx, and the like) in the fuel gas conditioned by the gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) increases disadvantageously.

Furthermore, the increase in the calorific value of the fuel gas means no equivalent greater power z. B. the / the gas engine / gas engines.

On the contrary, the performance of a considered z. B. gas engine, since at higher calorific value and more primary air must be provided for Otto engine combustion available. The z. B. considered engine reaches a certain maximum speed, and thus provides per unit time a fixed total Hubraum for fuel gas and combustion air necessary. With increasing calorific value of the gas, the power of a z. B. gas engine sink, but at the same time means that a z. B. gas engine can also be operated economically with a calorimetric lean gas, since in this case less combustion air is needed in favor of a higher volume fraction of fuel gas, and also available for this volume of mixing capacity for economic operation is available.

Lower maintenance, operating, fuel, but also construction costs, equal to the ultimately lower output of a z. B. equipped with GKK engine power plant therefore again, especially since there are hardly any more amounts of lost carbon for gas synthesis more. Where, above all, the latter, the amount of converted primary fuel for a considered total output of a z. B. motor power plant lowers.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Gaszufuhr

2

Wasserzufuhr zum Dampferzeuger

3

Dampferzeuger beliebiger Bauart

4

Rohrbünde

5

Primärluftzufuhr mit nach unten gebogener Auslassöffnung

6

Gelochtes Prallblech mit mittigem runden Ausschnitt

7

Primärluftzufuhr mit nach unten gebogener Auslassöffnung

8

Gasausgang

9

Austritt von Wasserdampf aus dem Dampferzeuger

10

Zündelektrode

11

Zündtransformator 100% für Dauerbetrieb

12

Revisionsöffnung, verschließbar

Fig. 2, Aufbau Ionenfänger des GKK

13

Zufuhr Wasserdampf

14

Gaseingang in den Ionenfänger

15

Bleche mit großen Kontaktflächen

16

Beruhigungsbereich

17

Gasausgang aus dem Ionenfänger

18

Zusätzlicher Beruhigungsbereich

19

Revisionsöffnung des Ionenfängers

Fig. 3, komplexe Strukturbildung aus Aschestäuben im Ionenfänger (vereinfachte Darstellung)

20

Aschestaub und Wassermolekül(e) verbinden sich

21

Wassermolekül(e) mit Aschestaub haftet sich an Oberfläche Blech an

22

Wassermolekül(e) mit Aschestaub bindet sich an Oberfläche Blech

23

Wassermolekül(e) verlässt Blechoberfläche, Aschestaub bleibt haften

24

Komplexe Struktur bildet sich aus Aschenstäuben

25

Aschestaub

26

Wassermolekül(e), (tatsächlich sind es mehrere in einem Verbund)

27

Wassermolekül(e) mit Aschestaub verbunden

28

Blech

Fig. 1, GKK structure cylindrical container and conical attachment

1

gas supply

2

Water supply to the steam generator

3

Steam generator of any design

4

pipe frets

5

Primary air supply with downwardly bent outlet opening

6

Punched baffle with a central round cutout

7

Primary air supply with downwardly bent outlet opening

8th

gas output

9

Discharge of water vapor from the steam generator

10

ignition electrode

11

Ignition transformer 100% for continuous operation

12

Inspection opening, lockable

Fig. 2, building ion trap GKK

13

Feed water vapor

14

Gas inlet into the ion trap

15

Sheets with large contact surfaces

16

calming region

17

Gas outlet from the ion trap

18

Additional calming area

19

Inspection opening of the ion trap

FIG. 3, complex structure formation from ash dust in the ion trap (simplified illustration)

20

Ash dust and water molecule (s) combine

21

Water molecule (s) with ash dust adheres to surface of sheet metal

22

Water molecule (s) with ash dust binds to surface of sheet metal

23

Water molecule (s) leaves the metal surface, ash dust sticks

24

Complex structure forms from ash dusts

25

ash dust

26

Water molecule (s), (in fact, there are several in a composite)

27

Water molecule (s) associated with ash dust

28

sheet

Note: In 3 For the sake of simplicity, only one water molecule is shown. In fact, however, a composite of several water molecules (cluster form) exercises the function of polar covalent binders between sheet metal and ash, or ashes.

Claims (20)

Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas, characterized in that it is composed of a cylindrical cylindrical container, at the lower end of which is a cone-shaped cultivation, being between the cylindrical cylindrical container and the cone-shaped attachment underneath is a perforated baffle with a centrally located round cutout ( 1 Construction GKK). Furthermore, this GKK basic container is provided with a tube located in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container through which contaminated gas is supplied from above, and whose lower end ends just above the perforated baffle plate. in the further internal structure is located just above the lower end of the located in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container central tube, a composite of many thin tubes lying close together, the space between the inner wall of the cylindrical container and outer wall of the central tube ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a primary air supply that directs outside air into the interior, ends centrally under the central tube and to protect against contamination at the exit bent down. Furthermore, the gas-carbon catalyst has a second primary air supply, which ends centrally in the conical cultivation and whose output is also bent down to protect against contamination ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an ignition electrode which permanently generates electrical sparks between the lower end of the located in the center of rotation tube and the electrode ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas characterized in that larger pieces of charcoal on leaving the located in the axis of rotation of the cylindrical container central tube, through the circular recess of the perforated baffle plate, due to the high Exit velocity, are thrown into the interior of the conical mounting, wherein the perforated baffle plate prevents a backward throwing of charcoal pieces ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for the gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the oblique walls of the conical attachment rebounding charcoal pieces largely laterally, and not backwards throw ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the fuel from the, located in the axis of rotation central tube, leaking fuel gas due to the available larger volume reduces its flow rate, must move up through the narrow tube bundles, and exits the GKK at the lateral upper end of the cylindrical container by suction. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the sucked into the GKK fuel gas has a minimum temperature of about 420 ° C, which corresponds to the ignition temperature, so in the case of primary air supply, partial oxidation of parts of the fuel gas occurs with oxygen contained in the primary air. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to claim 3, characterized in that when the ignition temperature of 420 ° C falls below the air-gas mixture is ignited by electric sparks. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the charcoal dust contained in the hot gas are charged statically and for the purpose of equipotential bonding to the inner walls of the tubes Sticking tube bundle. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to claim 7, claim 8 and claim 9, characterized in that the partial oxidation leads to a temperature of about 1200 ° C in the region of the tube bundle, whereby according to the Boudouar equilibrium reactions of adhering to the inner walls of the tubes of the tube bundle carbon of the charcoal dust with the gasification agents oxygen and carbon dioxide, is gasified to carbon monoxide. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the after the gasification of the carbon content of the charcoal dust, and the charcoal pieces remaining ashes through the upwardly aspirated gas stream be removed from the cylindrical container, or trickle down through the perforated baffle in the cone-shaped cultivation. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for the gasification of itself in the fuel gas Carbon according to one of the above claims, characterized in that ignited by waste heat and falling down glowing ashes located in conical cultivation charcoal pieces with primary air supply, on the one hand, the gasification carbon dioxide is formed, and it comes in substoichiometric oxidation to the formation of fuel gases , which are sucked through the holes of the baffle plate. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to one of the above claims, characterized in that at the lower end of the cone-shaped attachment a closable inspection opening for emptying of ashes, with revision and shutdown of GKK, located ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to one of the above claims, characterized in that radiating waste heat of the cylindrical container produces water vapor in a steam generator located around the cylindrical container of the GKK ( 1 Construction GKK). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to one of the above claims, characterized in that ash-containing fuel gases leave the cylindrical container of the GKK and are sucked into the subsequent ion trap, the ion trap from an advantageously rectangular upright container in which there is a large number of along the gas flow built-in sheets with large surfaces. Furthermore, located at the lower end of the rectangular container a large-volume calming zone, in which the gas stream is sucked laterally laterally, and then by a laterally from the sheets containing, further rectangular container located upwards. The resulting flow direction is dictated by the suction of the gas from the upper middle end of this lateral container. The ion trap has in the lower area, at any point, a closable inspection opening for emptying separated ashes ( 2 Construction of ion trap). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for the gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to claim 14, characterized in that water vapor is injected centrally into the gas supply to the ion trap ( 2 Construction of ion trap). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of fuel gas in the fuel gas according to claim 16, characterized in that the injected water molecules of the water vapor act as a covalent polar temporary binder, which binds ashes to the surfaces, and subsequent ashes attach to the already adhering to the sheets ashes, creating thread-like and flake-shaped structures that remain geometrically preserved when the water molecules leave these structures due to the high temperatures again ( 3 complex structure formation from ash dust). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) for gasification of carbon in the fuel gas according to claim 17, characterized in that the structures formed on the sheets detach themselves on reaching a critical size and mass of the sheets and with the gas stream in a Move calming area, where they remain due to the falling there flow velocity of the fuel gas and collect, but can not leave the calming area ( 2 Construction of ion trap). Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) according to one of the above claims, characterized in that by the high temperatures of 1200 ° C, in partial oxidation of fuel gas with oxygen from the primary air, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in mainly Carbon monoxide is cracked as a combustible additive to the fuel gas. Gas-carbon catalyst with ion trap (GKK) according to claim 19, characterized in that the GKK can also find application for gas conditioning in conventional wood gasifiers whose fuel gas is loaded with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and tars.

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