DE202010018082U1 - Grinding or polishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

Grinding or polishing device (1), in particular a circular vibrator, for grinding or polishing at least one workpiece (12), in particular having a ferromagnetic property, by means of slide grinding, comprising at least one pot-shaped, oscillatingly mounted treatment container (2) for holding one or more workpieces (12) and of grinding or polishing bodies (23), further comprising at least one workpiece attachment device (13) for arranging one or more workpieces (12) within the treatment container (2) and for releasably holding the workpiece (s) (12) in place the treatment container (2), and further comprising at least one vibration exciter (9), by means of which at least one vibration component can be forced onto the treatment container (2), characterized in that the workpiece fastening device (13) has at least one switchable clamping plate, in particular at least one or more electropermanents Clamping plate having t magnets, which is adapted to the fact that a magnetic field emerging from a clamping surface (17) of the clamping plate (14) can be optionally activated or deactivated.

Description

The present invention relates to a grinding or polishing apparatus, preferably a rotary vibrator, for grinding or polishing of at least one or more, preferably ferromagnetic properties, workpieces by means of vibratory finishing, comprising at least one cup-shaped, oscillatory (eg spring) mounted treatment container for Receiving one or more workpieces and of grinding or polishing bodies, further comprising at least one workpiece restraining device for arranging one or more workpieces within the treatment container and thereby for detachable mounting connection of the workpiece or workpieces with the treatment container and further comprising at least one vibration exciter, by means of which Treatment tank at least one vibration component is enforceable.

Such a grinding or polishing apparatus is known in the art from the German patent application DE 10 2005 047 303 A1 the applicant known. In order to grind or polish the surface of one or more workpieces at the same time, the workpiece (s) inside the treatment container are fixed in a positionally stable manner. DE 10 2005 047 303 A1 proposes to screw an aluminum rim as a workpiece to a holding mandrel emanating from the container bottom. Only after this mechanical attachment a lot of finely divided, free-flowing grinding or polishing bodies is filled into the processing container to the workpiece, wherein the amount is dimensioned so that the workpiece in the bed is preferably completely embedded or immersed therein. In the known device, the vibrator or vibrator is then turned on, whereby the treatment container is set in vibration with the workpiece mounted therein. The grinding or polishing bodies are excited to fine vibrations, but also perform fine movements relative to the surface of the workpiece through which the vibratory grinding takes place and the desired grinding or polishing action. This known grinding or polishing apparatus can, as in DE 10 2005 047 303 A1 described, preferably used for multi-stage treatments. For example. Can first abrasive abrasive in the treatment tank 2 filled and used for a grinding treatment of workpieces. Afterwards, the grinding wheels can, for example, be exchanged for polishing bodies and used for polishing the already ground workpieces. In this respect, in the generic and thus in the grinding or polishing device according to the invention, depending on the desired application, from a grinding device or a polishing device and correspondingly speaking of grinding wheels or polishing bodies. Although the out DE 10 2005 047 303 A1 known device offers particular advantages in terms of their usability for a variety of workpieces, is perceived as a restriction that the change of workpieces, especially since action must be taken to prevent unintentional release of the workpiece during the vibration or vibration drive, requires a certain effort, depending on the type of mechanical attachment and possibly appropriate tool may be required. In addition, there is the time required for a workpiece change for the previous emptying of the grinding or polishing body from the treatment vessel and the subsequent filling, so that unwanted downtime of the known device are the result.

Against this background, the present invention has the object, advantageous to develop a device of the type mentioned, so that in particular the said limitations can be avoided as much as possible.

According to the invention, this object is achieved firstly and essentially in conjunction with the features that the workpiece restraining device comprises at least one switchable clamping plate, in particular at least one clamping plate having one or more electropermanent magnets, adapted for protruding outwardly from a clamping surface of the clamping plate Magnetic field can be selectively activated or deactivated. The said at least one clamping plate can thus preferably have one or more permanent electro-magnets, but this is not necessary. Surprisingly, it has been found that, in spite of or during grinding or polishing, possibly over a longer processing period of many hours or days, occurring vibrations and vibrations is possible, the workpieces either directly or by means of a workpiece holder so firmly and reliably with a such clamping plate to connect (ie to "tension") that the or the workpieces are held in relation to the treatment container stationary in the interior. Since the clamping or fixing to the clamping plate preferably solely by means of mutually umpolbarer or resulting switched on and off magnetic force effect is possible, requires the clamping and loosening or replacement of workpieces or workpiece holders with it, for example, groups of workpieces only one small amount of time and can also be done without tools in relation to the clamping plate. An additional advantage is that in general on the magnetic clamping plate (depending on their Design) Workpieces with different geometries can be tensioned. The clamping plate in turn can be fixed or rigidly connected to the treatment tank in virtually any manner.

Such a rigid connection can be made either permanently or detachably (for example by means of screw connections). The grinding or polishing apparatus may have a control device, by means of which a magnetic field at least in a front or outside of the clamping surface lying, adjacent to this receiving area for a workpiece or a workpiece holder is alternately switched on and off. As the following description clarifies, this does not necessarily mean that in a switching state of the clamping plate in which the magnetic field projecting outwards beyond the clamping surface is deactivated, the electrically activatable magnets are deactivated. Instead, it is preferred within the scope of the invention that the clamping plate comprises two or more and preferably an even number of magnetization devices adjacent to one another in a plane spanned by the clamping surface, wherein each magnetization device is composed of different magnet types, with only the polarity between the different switching states or the magnetic "north-south direction" of individual magnets is changed. This makes it possible for the resulting magnetic field in the activated switching state of the clamping plate to extend outward beyond its clamping surface, while on the other hand it is possible, in the deactivated switching state, for the deviating, resulting magnetic field to be applied to the region behind the clamping surface or inside the clamping surface Limit clamping plate. It is preferably provided that the magnetizing devices each have an electropermanent magnet which has a reversible permanent magnet and a coil surrounding it, which is connected to a DC or DC voltage source with a switchable current or voltage direction. Such a reversible permanent magnet may preferably be made of a hard magnetic material. For example. it can be an AlNiCo magnet. Such a Elektropermanentmagnet receives as a result of current flow through the coil magnetization whose polarity or "north-south direction" depends on the direction of the current flow or the applied voltage, and retains this magnetization even after switching off voltage or Electricity, for the magnetization already a short period of, for example, a few seconds (eg. Of three to four seconds) may be sufficient. If necessary, the polarity can be reversed, ie the electro-permanent magnet can be reversed by applying a reverse voltage to the coil or by flowing a current in the opposite direction. In this respect, in this context voltage means a DC voltage and current means a DC current. The provision or switching can be done by means of a DC or DC generator and a suitable controller. It is preferably provided that in this case the geometric coil center axis is oriented perpendicular to the clamping surface, which extends over the plurality of magnetizing devices. It is furthermore preferred that each individual magnetization device has a magnetization element facing the clamping surface, which in particular contains flux steel or a comparable material, behind which the electropermanent magnet, preferably adjacent or touching, is arranged. The surface of the magnetization element directed away from the electro-permanent magnet may be a free magnetic pole surface forming part of the clamping surface. The Elektropermanentmagnet causes a certain magnetization of the magnetizing element. When the electro-permanent magnet is reversed, this also changes the magnetization of the magnetization element. An expedient development is seen in that in a plane parallel to the clamping surface several or all magnetization elements or magnetization elements (especially their exposed Magnetpolflächen) are arranged distributed matrix-like or linear and preferably have square or rectangular cross-section that on, preferably on all, Side edges of the magnetizing permanent magnets are arranged so that their magnetic pole axes are parallel to the clamping surface, wherein with respect to each one magnetization element, the pole axes of all pointing to this magnetization element permanent magnets with a uniform polarity to this magnetization element. This row or matrix-like overall arrangement can preferably be arranged in a clamping plate frame or housing made of ferromagnetic material. The laterally adjacent to a magnetizing permanent magnets also cause a certain magnetization of this element. If one excludes the described switchable electropermanent magnets from the consideration initially, a lateral arrangement of one permanent magnet each between a peripheral magnetization element in the overall arrangement and the clamping plate housing and between adjacent magnetization elements will cause each adjacent magnetization elements to receive magnetizations of mutually opposite polarity. The free magnetic pole surfaces form within a row-shaped arrangement or within a row or column of a matrix arrangement alternating magnetic north and south poles. In addition, taking into account the switchable electro-permanent magnets, the resulting magnetization of a magnetizing element is influenced both by the permanent magnetization influence of the permanent magnets adjacent thereto and by the superimposed switchable magnetization influence of the electro-permanent magnet underneath. It is preferably provided that the magnetic flux generated jointly by the lateral permanent magnets corresponds in magnitude to the magnetic flux generated by the electropermanent magnet. This makes it possible for the magnetic field lines of the resulting or superimposed magnetic field in the one switching state in which the two magnetizations amplify to extend beyond the clamping surface from the north poles to the adjacent south poles, while the magnetic field lines in the second switching state only within extend the clamping plate and the magnetic field is quasi "shorted". If a ferromagnetic workpiece is brought into the area of the magnetic field lines extending over the clamping surface (before or after the activation), it is magnetically attracted to the clamping plate and thereby firmly fixed on the clamping plate. The fixed to the clamping plate ferromagnetic workpiece forms a kind of bridge for the magnetic flux between the north and south poles, the magnetic flux or field lines run through the workpiece. In this activated switching state, the magnetizations amplify and steer from the switchable permanent magnet and the lateral permanent magnet, while the magnetizations in the other or deactivated switching state counteract each other or compensate each other. Such clamping plates are - taken by itself - also known as so-called. Quadratpoltechnik clamping plates. In connection with the use according to the invention, however, it was surprisingly found by the Applicant that the magnetization of the clamping plate effected after a current flow of only three to four seconds remains largely unchanged, even though there are even minor losses, even over several days is suitable for the claimed device. In the case of the permanent magnets which can not be repolished and are arranged on the side of the magnetization elements, they may, for example, be so-called rare-earth magnets, for example NdFeB magnets. The described clamping plates can be purchased, for example, from Fa. Assfalg GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd. They are suitable for clamping workpieces with ferromagnetic property, ie workpieces, which include, for example, mild steel, alloy steel, cast or the like. Compared with clamping means with conventional electromagnets is advantageous that the external magnetic effect is maintained even after switching off the current flow through the coil. This not only results in lower energy consumption, but also insensitivity to a power failure. It is preferably provided that the clamping plate is attached to the treatment container, wherein the clamping surface extends transversely to a, preferably vertical or substantially vertical, geometric treatment container axis, preferably transverse to a vertical treatment container longitudinal center axis. Said attachment can be chosen permanently or detachably (for example by means of screwing). It is also preferred that the clamping surface points in the same direction as the container bottom, so that their surface normals are directed in the at least substantially the same direction. This allows easy accessibility of the clamping plate when lowering a workpiece or a workpiece holder from above (for example by means of a crane or other hoist).

In a preferred embodiment, provision is made for the magnetization device or its free magnetic pole surfaces to be regularly spaced laterally from one another at a cross-sectional circumference of the treatment container, preferably along a circular line, with a uniform spacing of the pole surfaces either along the entire cross-sectional circumference or only at two or three more cross-sectional perimeter sections along curved or straight line sections is provided. Specifically, it is preferred that the clamping plate is formed as a whole annular and attached to the treatment container in the region of or adjacent to the container opening, so that the clamping plate bounds the upper container opening. If the clamping is desired only at certain peripheral portions, ring-segment-like or, for example, generally rectangular or cuboid clamping plates can be used instead. It is also possible for the workpiece restraint to engage a workpiece fixture having a preferably ferromagnetic base for releasably clamping to the fixture and base-mounted fixtures for workpieces, preferably with a border contour of the base to an edge contour of the one or more of the fixture Treatment tank fixed clamping plates is adjusted. Such a workpiece holder serves as an adapter for holding connection of different workpieces with the clamping plate of the treatment container, wherein preferably with several holding devices of a workpiece holder a plurality of workpieces fixed and thus can be processed simultaneously. Also, such a workpiece holder allows workpieces made of virtually any materials, ie that non-ferromagnetic workpieces, which are halterbar on the workpiece holder, can be edited. For this purpose, the workpieces in virtually any manner (eg. With screw or clamp connection) are supported on the workpiece holder, and the workpiece holder can be clamped by means of their ferromagnetic base on the clamping plate. Preferably, the workpiece holder can be tuned as an adapter or adapter both to the shape and arrangement of the clamping plates on the treatment vessel as well as on the respective workpieces. In particular, it is expedient for at least one clamping plate to be arranged on the outside of the treatment container and / or on an upper portion of the treatment container, preferably in its upper half, with respect to the container height. This allows, as will be explained, advantageous that the grinding or polishing body can remain during the clamping and unclamping of tools in the treatment tank. In this context, it may be advantageous that the main direction of extension of the, preferably rod-like, holding devices extends transversely to an imaginary geometric plane spanned by the base of the workpiece holder. The workpiece holder can then be clamped with its base on the one or more clamping plates on the upper edge of the container, so that the rod-like holding devices in the container interior extend so far down that held at the respective free end of the bar, for example. Screwed, workpieces partially or completely Immerse in the bed of sanding or polishing bodies. According to a further aspect, which in the context of the invention on the one hand as a preferred development, on the other hand as an independent inventive concept meaning, the base can be designed plate-like and further provided that at the base, preferably on its side opposite the holding means side, one or more attack elements for a lifting means, such as for a crane or the like, are fixed, wherein the lifting means are at least transversely to the plane defined by the plate plane elastically deformable. This creates an elastic connection between hoist and workpiece holder. If the workpiece holder is lowered with the hoist to the clamping plate out, the magnetic attraction force is formed only at a short residual distance, which may be, for example, a few millimeters (or possibly even millimeter shares), and increases sharply on further approximation. If the magnetic attraction force reaches or exceeds the force required for the elastic deformation of the engagement elements, the approach accelerates, so that the secure tightening is accelerated and an otherwise disturbing "clanking" is avoided. In a different preferred embodiment, it is provided that the clamping plate has a planar circular or substantially circular design and is fastened to the bottom of the treatment container, for example screwed thereon. The clamping plate can preferably cover the vast or even the entire surface of the container bottom.

Depending on the dimensions of the container bottom, comparatively large workpieces, such as, for example, drop forging dies or plastic injection molds, can thus be clamped on the clamping plate either directly or as required by means of a workpiece holder serving as a link. Particularly in connection with a clamping plate arranged on the container base, it is preferred that the workpiece clamping device has a shim which, for example, also has ferromagnetic properties, wherein the edge contour of the shim can be adapted to the edge contour of the clamping plate (or possibly the clamping plates). If the shim is inserted between the clamping plate and the workpiece, the otherwise possible by the vibration drive impressions of the clamping surface can be avoided on sensitive workpiece surfaces. Also, by means of a shim, which has a contour adapted to the clamping plate, be prevented that the clamping plate is damaged by the grinding or polishing bodies.

It is understood that the grinding or polishing apparatus alternatively or in combination with the clamping plates described above in the structure and other types of electromagnetic clamping plates whose outwardly effective magnetic field is selectively switched on or off, may have. The switchable clamping plate whose externally protruding magnetic field is selectively activated or deactivated, does not necessarily have the structure described above, which includes Elektropermanentmagnete own. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the clamping plate of the grinding or polishing device according to the invention comprises one or more electromagnets, in particular a coil and in particular additionally have a metallic coil core, so that the magnetization only lasts as long as the coil is traversed by a current. Also in this context, there is the possibility that the clamping plate comprises a plurality, preferably an even number, of magnetizing devices, wherein each magnetizing device may comprise at least one electromagnet. In this respect, in such an embodiment, as needed, adjacent magnetization devices could have mutually opposite or rectified polarities when the magnetic field is activated. Also, such a clamping plate can be electrically switched between different operating conditions in which the magnetic field outside the clamping plate is either activated or deactivated. Alternatively or in combination with the variants described so far, there is the possibility that the Clamping plate has a plurality of magnets whose relative arrangement to each other by means of mechanical aids is variable so that in the overall effect of the magnets from the clamping surface of the clamping plate outwardly protruding magnetic field is selectively activated or deactivated. These magnets can be virtually any magnet, ie, for example, to permanent magnets or electromagnets. Likewise, in the context of the invention various possibilities for the other structure of the device. Preferably, a grinding or polishing of the DE 10 2005 047 303 A1 known construction according to the invention in the previously described manner by means of the switchable magnetic Werkstückfesselungseinrichtung be further developed. The entire content of this disclosure is hereby incorporated by reference into the disclosure of the present application, also for the purpose of incorporating features disclosed therein as needed in the claims of the present application.

The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying figures, which show preferred embodiments. In detail shows:

1 in perspective, the grinding or polishing device according to the invention according to a first preferred embodiment, with a clamped to the clamping plate tool holder,

2 in the 1 shown device, but with the workpiece holder removed,

3 a partial section through the clamping plate along section line III-III in 2 , in contrast, in magnification,

4 a side view of the device according to 1 in the viewing direction IV, but in a modification thereof only shortly before the clamping of the tool holder and additionally (in sections) a lifting means acting on the workpiece holder,

5 a detail enlargement of detail V. 4 .

6 the section enlargement according to 6 , but with clamped tool holder (according to 1 )

7 in perspective, a tool holder according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment when viewed obliquely from above,

8th in the 7 shown tool holder, in contrast, changed viewing direction and with a detached workpiece,

9 in perspective, a grinding or polishing device according to the invention according to a further preferred embodiment, with the tool holder removed therefrom,

10 in the 9 shown device, but with it clamped tool holder,

11 in perspective a grinding or polishing device according to the invention according to yet another preferred embodiment, with partially broken treatment container,

12 in perspective an enlarged detail of detail XII, to which a cutout of the clamping plate was extracted,

13 the in 12 shown section of the clamping plate, but in a different switching state,

14 in the 11 grinding or polishing device shown, on the clamping plate by way of example a workpiece was clamped on a shim,

15 in the 1 in a preferred method step, in which grinding or polishing bodies are located in the treatment container,

16 a later preferred method step, in which the workpieces are lowered by means of the workpiece holder in the beds of vibration-excited grinding or polishing bodies and

17 a following preferred method step, in which the workpiece holder has been tightened and the grinding or polishing processing takes place.

With reference to the 1 to 6 First, a grinding or polishing device according to the invention 1 presented according to a first preferred embodiment. This has a pot-like treatment container 2 , This includes a cylindrical side wall 3 and a plate-shaped bottom 4 , the underside at two opposite edges on each group of four cylinder springs 5 on a base 6 is supported. At diametrically opposite areas of the side wall 3 is ever an imbalance drive 7 to a flange 8th set whose hole pattern allows the imbalance drive 7 at different angles of inclination (eg with respect to a horizontal reference plane) rigidly connected to the treatment tank. Alternatively, a continuous adjustment of the inclination angle would be conceivable, for example. By means of a clamping clamp clamp. The two unbalance drives 7 together form a first vibration exciter 9 , At the bottom of the floor 4 is another imbalance drive 10 mounted, the geometric drive longitudinal axis parallel to the imaginary diametrical connection line between the two imbalance drives 7 extends and a second vibration exciter 11 forms. The imbalance drives 7 . 10 each center include an electric motor and on its two sides in each case a rotating driven unbalance discs. To workpieces in the treatment tank 2 to edit, they are immersed therein in a bed of free-flowing, fluidizable by means of the vibration or vibration drive grinding or polishing bodies (see also 15 - 17 ). To the workpieces 12 (in the 7 . 8th are as workpieces 12 selected by way of example ferromagnetic cylinders) during the grinding or polishing treatment in the treatment tank 2 and connected to this and releasably restrained when needed, owns the grinding or polishing device 1 a Werkstückfesselungseinrichtung formed of several components 13 , This includes in the example a clamping plate 14 which formed a total annular closed and at the top of the treatment tank 2 , ie its upper opening enclosing, on a container flange 15 is screwed. It can be seen that the clamping plate 14 a variety of magnetization devices 16 has, which are arranged distributed uniformly spaced along the circumference. In the example chosen (cf. 3 ) includes each magnetizer 16 a switchable electro-permanent magnet 33 , whose magnetic polarity is optionally reversible, in a him or his umpolbaren permanent magnet 35 surrounding coil 36 for a limited time an electric current flow in a selectable direction takes place. On in this context preferred details will be discussed. Depending on the selected switching state or operating mode of the clamping plate 14 generate the magnetization devices 16 a magnetic field that extends across the clamping surface 17 , ie over the annular surface of the clamping plate 14 , extends upwards. In another selectable switching state or operating mode, the magnetic field does not extend beyond the clamping surface upwards. The power supply and control of the clamping plate 14 and the imbalance drives 7 . 10 takes place by means of a power supply and control device 19 by means of cables 20 to the grinding or polishing device 1 connected. In the example, the workpiece restraint includes 13 also a workpiece holder 18 , This has a plate-shaped base 21 made of ferromagnetic material. At the top are spaced parallel two elongated, rubber-made attack elements 22 for a lifting means (eg. For a crane) spaced parallel to each other screwed. The attack elements 22 have transverse to their longitudinal direction a slender cross section, which is elastically deformable. In the example are at the opposite bottom of the base 21 a number (seven in the example) rod-like holding devices 24 attached, whose main extension direction is perpendicular, ie transverse to the plane of the plate base 21 extends. 1 clarifies that the edge contour 25 the base 21 on the opposite narrow sides of a circular arc and in relation to the radius of the edge contour 26 the clamping plate 14 is adjusted.

The 7 . 8th show that the holding devices 24 at the free longitudinal ends of a threaded bolt 27 carry on the cylindrical workpieces 12 can then be attached, followed by a fixation by means of a threaded nut screwed onto the threaded bolt 28 is possible. The exemplarily shown workpieces 12 can be made of any material, ie they do not necessarily consist of ferromagnetic material. For example, it could be workpieces 12 made of plastic, ceramic or for example. Also of metallic, but for example. Non-ferromagnetic materials. To enter the treatment tank 2 filled grinding or polishing bodies 23 to be able to empty it again, the treatment container has on the side wall 3 an optional openable or lockable flap 29 , If this is unlocked and swung open, an opening from which the grinding or polishing body (in particular supported by the vibration drive) in a collecting container 31 reach.

The 2 and 3 show as a sectional view that the clamping plate 14 an even number (in the example 24) magnetizing means 16 which are equally spaced along a closed circular line from one another into a ferromagnetic clamping plate housing 32 are embedded.

3 serves (as well 12 . 13 ) as a simplified schematic view only for a schematic indication of the relationships given in the example chosen. Each magnetization device 16 each includes a switchable electropermanent magnet 33 that in terms of the clamping surface 17 at the bottom in a case pocket 14 is arranged. This is formed by a (in the example disk-shaped) umpolbaren permanent magnet 35 and from an electric coil surrounding it 36 , which in a manner not shown with the in 1 shown power supply and control device 19 connected so that the coil 36 , depending on the switching state, either in one or the other direction or not flowed through by electricity. Each magnetizer has one above the electro-permanent magnet 33 in the case pocket 34 arranged magnetizing element 37 made of flux steel or similar material, whose underside to the umpolbaren permanent magnet 35 adjacent and its opposite top as part of the clamping surface 17 a free magnetic pole surface 38 represents. In one to the clamping surface 17 parallel plane has the magnetizing element 37 in the example a square cross-section (conceivable would be other, for example. Also rectangular or elongated cross-sections). At the four side edges of the magnetization elements 37 are permanent or not umpolbare permanent magnets 39 with in the case pockets 34 arranged. Their permanent magnetic polarity or alignment is by means of arrows 40 indicated schematically. The magnetic polarities are located on a magnetizing element 37 opposite permanent magnets 39 run in opposite directions. At the same time, the polarity or north-south orientation of two opposite to a magnetizing permanent magnets 39 also opposite to the polarity of arrangement corresponding permanent magnets on magnetization devices adjacent in the pole axis direction 16 , This means that two adjacent magnetization elements 37 through their four uniformly aligned permanent magnets 39 experience opposite magnetization in comparison with each other.

In 3 is with the polarities or arrows on the electropermanent magnets shown without brackets 33 initially exemplarily a magnetization or operating state of the clamping plate 14 in which, with respect to the magnetizing elements 37 the magnetization of the umpolbaren permanent magnets 35 almost in opposite directions to the magnetization or polar alignment of the non-reversible permanent magnets 39 is. For example, with respect to a viewed magnetizing element 37 at its four adjacent permanent magnets 39 its magnetic north pole to the magnetizing element 37 points, is in this case the magnetizable element associated with this umpolbaren permanent magnet 35 the magnetic north pole of the magnetizing element 37 directed away. At the or the two adjacent magnetization devices, the conditions are reversed. In this operating state is the clamping plate 14 magnetically deactivated towards the outside. As implied to simplify this, the magnetic field lines indicated by way of example run 42 only inside the clamping plate 14 and thus do not cause magnetic attraction on an adjacent workpiece. The magnetic field lines matching the disabled state 42 are indicated by dash-dotted lines. To the clamping plate 14 To activate by means of electrical control, the polarity of the permanent magnets 35 be reversed, so that each to 3 opposite arrow direction (see the in 3 in brackets arrows). This is achievable by putting in the coil 36 a current flow of appropriate direction, strength and duration is triggered. It may be sufficient even a short surge of a few seconds duration, the resulting magnetization is then almost completely or predominantly maintained even after switching off the flow of current over a longer period of time. In this reverse polarity of the permanent magnets 35 Support from the umpolbaren permanent magnet 35 and of the permanent magnets 39 on her central magnetizing element 37 outgoing magnetization effects, but have the opposite effect with respect to adjacent magnetization devices. In this way, the magnetic pole surfaces form 38 along the circumference of the clamping plate 14 alternating magnetic north or south poles, so that an even number of magnetizing devices is appropriate. In 3 are exemplary with dashed lines magnetic field lines 43 hinted at between unequal polarized magnetization devices 16 over the clamping surface 17 extend to the outside. The course of the field lines 42 . 43 is considerably simplified and incomplete and serves only for the fundamental distinction between the externally magnetically active and deactive state.

5 shows the lowering of a workpiece holder 18 , at whose attack elements 22 the jaws 44 attack a crane. The distance between the bottom of the base 21 and the clamping surface 17 is denoted by S. If the distance S is reduced, the base occurs 21 in the considered active state of the clamping plate 14 in their external magnetic field lines (in 5 not shown), with the magnetic force increasing with further approximation. At a small distance S, the magnetic force is sufficient to, as in 6 indicated, the rubber-elastic attack elements 22 stretch so far that the residual distance S is quickly overcome and the base 21 on the clamping plate 14 is tightened. To the tool holder 18 from the clamping plate 14 can be solved again, the umpolbaren permanent magnets 35 be reversed again by putting in the coils 36 now a reverse current flow of limited duration is caused so that the clamping plate 14 in the outwardly deactive state passes.

The 9 and 10 show a grinding or polishing device according to the invention 1 according to a second preferred embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that at the treatment tank 2 two identical clamping plates to each other 14 on the upper container flange at two diametrically opposite positions on the circumference are screwed. Each clamping plate 14 has four magnetization devices 16 , each in groups in a rectangular-cuboid clamping plate housing 32 are integrated. As in 1 designated 45 a supply line for a liquid treatment agent, during the grinding or polishing treatment with in the treatment tank 2 can be supplied.

The 11 to 13 refer to a grinding or polishing device 1 according to a third preferred embodiment. There has the clamping plate 14 a planographic circular clamping plate housing 32 , in which an even-numbered plurality of magnetizing devices are used 16 is arranged. The clamping plate 14 is on the ground 4 the treatment container screwed tight, so that the clamping surface 17 upwards or to the opening of the treatment tank 2 shows. The 12 and 13 show greatly simplified, so only for schematic description, an enlarged cut out area of the clamping plate 14 with matrix-like magnetization devices 16 , Also a little different from 3 It is shown that between two adjacent magnetization elements 37 , in each case in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction of the matrix, in each case only one permanent permanent magnet 39 is used. The magnetic polarity is again chosen so that this on all four permanent magnets 39 one and the same magnetizing element 37 with respect to this uniform, but with respect to the respective adjacent magnetizing elements 37 is opposite. 12 shows the outwardly deactivated state and 13 the outwardly magnetically activated state of the clamping plate 14 , In the free magnetic pole surfaces 38 are topside tapped holes 46 let in, which can serve for the connection of so-called Polverlängerungen (not shown). The 11 and 12 show a state of use in which the clamping plate 14 is still disabled and get one as a workpiece 12 exemplary die-forging form still above the emptied treatment container 2 located. 14 shows a further use position, in which a shim 47 on the clamping plate 14 placed on it and the workpiece was turned off. Will the clamping plate 14 now like in 13 activated to the outside, covers the workpiece 12 a plurality of magnetizing means having alternating magnetic polarization with respect to the rows and columns of the matrix, whereby the workpiece 12 is tightened.

With reference to the 15 to 17 Turns to a method of operating the grinding or polishing apparatus 1 described according to a preferred embodiment. 15 shows a process step in which already a supply of grinding or polishing bodies 23 as a bed in the treatment tank 2 was introduced. The workpieces to be machined on the workpiece holder 18 are held, are still outside the treatment tank 2 , Starting from the in 15 shown process step are the unbalance drives 7 . 10 turned on, causing the treatment tank 2 is excited to vibrate, focusing on the grinding or polishing body 23 transmit and stimulate them to micro-movements or "fluidize". This reduces the penetration resistance for the only from above with the workpiece holder 18 lowered workpieces 12 so that these with little force in the bulk of the grinding or polishing 23 can dive. At the in 17 shown further process step was the workpiece holder 18 even further lowered and on the clamping plate 14 clamped, whereupon the desired grinding or polishing of the workpieces 12 in the treatment tank 2 he follows.

The above explanations serve to explain the inventions as a whole covered by the application, which independently further develop the state of the art, at least by the following combinations of features, namely:
All disclosed features are essential to the invention (individually, but also in combination with one another). The disclosure of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the prior application) is hereby also incorporated in full in the disclosure of the application, also for the purpose of including features of these documents in claims of the present application. The subclaims characterize with their features independent inventive developments of the prior art, in particular to make on the basis of these claims divisional applications.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005047303 A1 [0002, 0002, 0002, 0002, 0008]

Claims (12)

Grinding or polishing device ( 1 ), in particular rotary vibrator, for grinding or polishing at least one, in particular ferromagnetic property having, workpiece ( 12 ) by way of vibratory finishing, comprising at least one cup-shaped, vibrationally mounted treatment container ( 2 ) for receiving one or more workpieces ( 12 ) and of grinding or polishing bodies ( 23 ), further comprising at least one workpiece restraining device ( 13 ) for the arrangement of one or more workpieces ( 12 ) within the treatment tank ( 2 ) and for detachable mounting connection of the workpiece or workpieces ( 12 ) with the treatment tank ( 2 ), and further comprising at least one vibration generator ( 9 ), by means of which the treatment container ( 2 ) at least one vibration component can be forced, characterized in that the workpiece restraining device ( 13 ) comprises at least one switchable clamping plate, in particular at least one one or more electro-permanent magnets having clamping plate, which is adapted to that from a clamping surface ( 17 ) of the clamping plate ( 14 ) outwardly emerging magnetic field is selectively activated or deactivated. Grinding or polishing device according to claim 1 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the clamping plate ( 14 ) two or more, in one of the clamping surface ( 17 ) spanned plane to each other adjacent magnetization devices ( 16 ) each having at least one electropermanent magnet ( 33 ) having a umpolbaren permanent magnet ( 35 ) and a coil surrounding it ( 36 ), wherein the coil is connected to a DC or DC voltage source with switchable current or voltage direction. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that each magnetization device ( 16 ) to the clamping surface ( 17 ) pointing magnetizing element ( 37 ), which in particular includes flux steel or a comparable material, behind which the electro-permanent magnet ( 33 ), in particular adjacent, is arranged. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that in one to the clamping surface ( 17 ) parallel plane several or all magnetization devices ( 16 ) or magnetization elements ( 37 ) are distributed in a matrix-like or linear manner and in particular have a square or rectangular cross-section, that at the, in particular at all, side margins of the magnetization elements ( 37 ) Permanent magnets ( 39 ) are arranged so that their magnetic pole axes ( 41 ) parallel to the clamping surface ( 17 ), with respect to each magnetization element ( 37 ) the pole axes ( 41 ) all to this magnetizing element ( 37 ) of adjacent permanent magnets ( 39 ) with uniform polarity ( 40 ) to this magnetization element ( 37 ) demonstrate. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the clamping plate ( 14 ) on the treatment tank ( 2 ) is attached, wherein the clamping surface ( 17 ) extends transversely to a, in particular vertical or substantially vertical, geometric treatment container axis, in particular transversely to a vertical treatment container longitudinal central axis. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the magnetizing devices ( 16 ) or their free magnetic pole surfaces ( 38 ) at a cross-sectional periphery of the treatment tank ( 2 ), in particular along a circular line, are laterally spaced from each other regularly, wherein a mutually uniform spacing of the magnetic pole faces ( 38 ) is provided either along the entire cross-sectional perimeter or only at two or more cross-sectional perimeter sections along curved or straight line sections. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that at least one clamping plate ( 14 ) on the outside of the treatment container ( 2 ) and / or at a height in relation to the container height upper portion of the treatment container ( 2 ), in particular in the upper half of the treatment container ( 2 ) is arranged. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the workpiece restraining device ( 13 ) a workpiece holder ( 18 ), which has a ferromagnetic base ( 21 ) for releasably tightening by means of the clamping plate ( 14 ) and a number of at the base ( 21 ) retaining devices ( 24 ) for one or more workpieces ( 12 ), wherein in particular a border contour ( 25 ) of the base to a border contour ( 26 ) of the one or more on the treatment container ( 2 ) fixed clamping plates ( 14 ) is adjusted. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the main extension direction of the, in particular rod-like, holding devices ( 24 ) across to the base ( 21 ) of the workpiece holder spanned plane extends. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the base ( 21 ) is plate-like and that at the base ( 21 ), in particular on their holding devices ( 24 ) opposite side, one or more attack elements ( 22 ) are attached to a lifting device, such as for a crane or the like, wherein the engagement elements ( 22 ) in particular at least transversely to that of the base ( 21 ) spanned plane are elastically deformable. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the clamping plate ( 14 ) at least substantially circular and on the floor ( 4 ) of the treatment container ( 2 ) is attached. Grinding or polishing device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the workpiece restraining device ( 13 ) a shim ( 47 ) which has ferromagnetic properties or which has no ferromagnetic properties, wherein the edge contour of the shim ( 47 ) to the edge contour ( 26 ) of the clamping plate ( 14 ) or the clamping plates ( 14 ) is adjusted.

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