DE202009003329U1 - Flat material with vapor barrier layer - Google Patents

Abstract

A sheet material comprising a substantially closed-loop vapor barrier layer of a particulate, water vapor impermeable material, wherein the vapor barrier layer has an s _D value of at least 250 m.

Description

Field of the invention

The The present invention relates to a sheet material with integrated vapor barrier layer, d. H. Webs or foils with high Diffusion resistance to water vapor. The material is particularly applicable in the field of moisture protection technology.

Background of the invention and state of the art

vapor barriers and vapor barriers play an important role in engineering designs Role. Almost all construction materials, with the exception of glasses and highly condensed metals are inherently more or less vapor permeable or have such large amounts of capillaries and pores, that relevant amounts of water vapor, d. H. Humidity, through they can diffuse through. For construction elements, which are in a temperature gradient, it can do so come that humidity that diffuses from the warm to the cold side, by exceeding the dew point on the cold surfaces condensed. Here it can be damaged by corrosion, Mold, moisture penetration, etc. come. This will become usability and durability of the construction greatly reduced, even to failure. As protection against such damages are therefore (always at the warm side of the component) vapor barriers or vapor barriers, usually in sheet form, used.

The moisture protection design values of individual building materials are in DIN 4108-4 as in DIN EN 12524 defined or specified. The water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient μ of a building material multiplied by the layer thickness (d, measured in meters) gives the so-called s _D value (water vapor diffusion equivalent air layer thickness or blocking value) of the considered component layer (s _D = μ · d). This characterizes the diffusion-openness or density of a component layer.

• – Bauteilschichten mit einem s_D-Wert ≤ 0,5 m als diffusionsoffene Schicht,
• – Bauteilschichten mit einem s_D-Wert größer 0,5 m und kleiner 1500 m als diffusionshemmende Schicht (Dampfbremse),
• – Bauteilschichten mit einem s_D-Wert ≥ 1500 m als diffusionsdichte Schicht (Dampfsperre).

DIN 4108-3 Are defined

• - Component layers with an s _D value ≤ 0.5 m as a vapor-permeable layer,
• - Component layers with an s _D value greater than 0.5 m and less than 1500 m as a diffusion-inhibiting layer (vapor barrier),
• - Component layers with an s _D value ≥ 1500 m as a diffusion-tight layer (vapor barrier).

Most of the moisture protection products used in practice would be correctly termed "vapor braking" in the sense of the above definition, since their s _D value is less than 1500 m, but usually the term "vapor barrier" is used.

In this description, the technically correct expression "vapor barrier" is used, but here - unless otherwise clear from the context - should include for simplicity also layers with s _D values of 1500 m or more.

When Common applications of vapor barriers are exemplary here called: the protection of diffusion-open insulating materials in the Construction, in particular in flat and pitched roof insulation, as well as the insulation of refrigerators and Cold stores. Another example is the use in prefabricated house construction according to the stand construction method. Here is the Vapor barrier on the "warm" side of the insulation placed, either already factory in the insulation production or on site by a skilled tradesman.

• (i) Aluminiumfolien, zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften oft mit einer Kunststofffolie zusammenkaschiert
• (ii) Kunststofffolien, im Allgemeinen auf Basis von Polyethylen
• (iii) (Polymer-)bitumenbahnen mit Aluminiumbandeinlage

As vapor brake sheets or foils essentially three product types are used:

• (i) Aluminum foils, often laminated with a plastic film to improve mechanical properties
• (ii) plastic films, generally based on polyethylene
• (iii) (polymer) bituminous sheets with aluminum tape insert

there Products of type (i) are generally factory-fitted with the Insulation glued while products of the types (ii) and (iii) are applied by the specialist on site.

Without exception, metal foil-free, marketable products have s _D values of <1500 m (ie belong to the vapor brakes in the sense of the DIN 4108-3 ). Commercially available substances of this type are bitumen and polymer bitumen membranes, films of ethylene and propylene homo- and copolymers, films of TPO, POCB, PIB or rubber. Dominant are because of their low weight and robustness Polyethylenefo lien. Whether the barrier effect of these vapor barriers for the intended use is sufficient, must in each case by relevant, known to those skilled calculations - in Germany after DIN 4108 , Thermal insulation in building construction - be proven, which is often perceived as a disadvantage. If you want to save this effort or the proof can not be provided - for example, for the factory provided with a vapor barrier insulation, which are designed for a variety of application environments -, then products with metal tape insert are used. These have s _D values of> 1500 m and are therefore considered to be vapor-tight as building physics.

adversely on the metal bands is next to the high price because of their small thickness high susceptibility to mechanical Damage. This makes elaborate and therefore expensive finishes necessary, for example, the lamination of plastic films.

adversely at the bituminous sheets with metal tape insert is beside the price the Fact that bitumen low adhesion at low temperatures pointing to the metal band. This makes complex and therefore expensive modifications on the metal strip and / or on the bitumen necessary to the malady remedy.

Description of the invention

Of the Invention is based on the object, webs or films with high To provide diffusion resistance to water vapor, the above-mentioned disadvantages (mechanical sensitivity, bad Liability) and the simple and inexpensive are to produce.

This object is achieved by a sheet material comprising a substantially closed-surface vapor barrier layer of a particulate, water vapor-impermeable material, wherein the vapor barrier layer has an s _D value of at least 250 m.

The invention is based on the finding that particulate, water vapor impermeable materials for forming a vapor barrier layer with a high blocking value (s _D value> 250 m) or even to form a vapor barrier layer (s _D value> 1500 m) are suitable, if these particles to a nearly closed-area, lack of proper layer arranges.

The Inventive sheet material comprises a substantially closed-area vapor barrier layer from a particulate, water vapor impermeable Material. The particulate material is on a Carrier layer of the sheet material permanently applied or permanently in an enveloping layer of the incorporated surface material. Conveniently, and preferably, the vapor barrier layer is formed from the particulate one Material factory set on a carrier layer applied to the sheet material or within the flat material arranged to make it durable train them and the other from mechanical damage to protect. But it can also be done locally by a skilled tradesman applied to the component to be protected from water vapor become.

As a general rule are all particulate materials suitable, provided they are impermeable to water vapor and neither of steam be resolved, swollen or otherwise attacked.

The Although the particle shape of the particulate material is general any; however, they are particularly suitable regularly shaped, in particular flaky or flaky Materials, as they are particularly easy to scale, arrange almost closed-surface layer.

Especially suitable are therefore crystalline materials. Almost all minerals and metals crystallize in one of the seven main lattice types (cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, trigonal, rhombic, monoclinic, triclinic). The crystal form remains when breaking, grinding, classifying and processing, so that the particles thus obtained regular Own surfaces. This will make the joining to a closed-area, faultless vapor barrier layer much easier.

All Therefore, materials that are in one of the split three crystal lattice planes particularly easily. These form in the preparation of the most preferred platelet or scale-like particles that meet all requirements in excellent Way.

Suitable platelet or flaky materials are, for example minerals such. B. phyllosilicates. The families of mica, kaolin, talc, serpentine and clay minerals and related rocks belong to this group. Slate and flake graphite, also called macrocrystalline graphite, are flat if one of the minerals that occur in platelet form or are easily cleaved by processing platelets.

To the artificially produced platelets, which, too merged into a nearly closed-surface layer, a vapor barrier or at least vapor barrier layer with high Block value include, for example, metal and glass baubles.

If the products with integrated vapor barrier or vapor barrier are subject to increased fire performance requirements, for example according to the standard DIN 18234 , then the vapor barrier layer can be wholly or partly made of expandable graphite.

In general, the larger the particles, the better. The lower the proportion of possibly defective seams / overlaps, the more effective the effect of the vapor barrier layer, measured as s _D value. This requirement is limited only by practical requirements. For example, the smallest possible layer thickness is often required, which limits the particle size, especially in the case of round or cubic grain shapes.

The Vapor barrier layer of the planar according to the invention Material is essentially free of defects. Under defects are to understand bodies, where by irregularities in the particle assembly and / or geometry holes in the vapor barrier layer arise through the water vapor can diffuse.

In general, it is possible to measure the proportion of defects per unit area by means of suitable optical, electrical or acoustic methods. In the present invention, the measured s _D value can be used as a measure of the defect poverty of the vapor barrier layer. This is at least 250 m, preferably at least 500 m, more preferably at least 800 m, most preferably at least 1000 m. The s _D value of the vapor barrier layer is calculated from the measured value of the planar material according to the invention minus the measured value for the same product without the vapor barrier layer made of the particulate material.

To form a vapor barrier layer as part of the sheet material according to the invention is generally required 15 g / m ² to 500 g / m ^{2 of} the particulate material, depending on the grain shape and specific weight or embodiment.

The Inventive sheet material comprises no metal foil.

The essentially closed-area, faultless vapor barrier layer from a particulate, water vapor impermeable Material of the surface according to the invention In particular, material can be obtained by the following processes (A) to (E) getting produced:

(A) Sprinkle, if necessary, scrape together

In the simplest case, the production takes place by scattering suitable particles onto a load-bearing substrate. In order to increase the effectiveness of vapor barrier layers produced in this way, measured as the s _D value, it is expedient to produce the desired arrangement which is as regular as possible by shaking together. On the one hand, this can be done before application by means of a so-called vibrating trough, on which the material is fed to the substrate. But you can also put the substrate in vibration to achieve the desired result after sprinkling. Particularly effective is a combination of these measures.

(B) Application in liquid carrier

In another method, the particles are mixed with a suitable hot or cold liquid vehicle and applied to the substrate. In doing so, the particles sink by gravity onto the substrate and form the vapor barrier layer. The prerequisite for this is the greatest possible density underlayer between the particles and the liquid mixing component, such as iron mica in bitumen or iron mica in acrylate dispersion, in order to carry out this process within technically and economically meaningful periods. It can be accelerated or the result, expressed by the achieved s _D value, improved, for example, in the case of magnetic particles below the substrate, a magnetic field applied to accelerate the rate of descent and to optimize the orientation of the particles to a closed-surface vapor barrier layer. If one uses as a substrate an absorbent or porous Flächenge The carrier liquid is absorbed or flows away through the porous substrate. As a result, the desired vapor barrier layer is formed on the substrate surface. This method can be accelerated, for example, by applying overpressure or underpressure to the top or bottom side of the substrate, and the result can be improved by shaking the substrate or possibly by applying a magnetic field.

(C) squeezing

at a further process variant are preferably platelet-shaped Particles with a hot or cold medium mixed in a suitable ratio and using a squeegee or comparable Filmzieheinrichtungen on one viable substrate distributed. The gap size is chosen much smaller than the diameter the platelet-shaped particles in at least one, better in two of the three levels of space. This situation arises before the squeegee gap a dynamic pressure, which is reduced by that the platelets become flaky to the desired Align vapor barrier layer and the mixture of continuous Phase and particles film forming through the squeegee gap flows. To get the most even distribution and disposition of the flakes to a defect-poor layer achieve, the squeegee gap should be as narrow as possible become. The squeegee gap thickness depends in particular on the Viscosity of the continuous phase, the size or size distribution and the surface quality the particle as well as the speed of the order and can possibly through simple preliminary tests are determined.

(D) extrusion

A another variant involves the mixing of hot liquids Polymer with preferably flaky or flaky Particles in a suitable ratio and the production a film with integrated vapor barrier layer in the extruder or in a blown film plant. This is analogous to the previously described Method (C) by suitable dimensioning of the extruder or Blown film gaps the formation of the vapor-damping layer by dynamic pressure enforced. Additional, accelerating or optimizing measures, as stated in the preceding process variants, are also possible here.

(E) scattering in the electrostatic field

A preferred method is to scatter the preferred platelet particles onto a viable substrate in the electrostatic field. This method allows by the same direction electrical charging an absolutely evenly spaced arrangement of the particles on the substrate. The preferred platelet-shaped particles are positively charged in the electrostatic field at the positive pole and then accelerated toward the substrate, which serves as a negative pole. There they are first fixed by the electrostatic attraction, after discharge by a suitable, previously applied adhesive to the substrate. In the preferred platy particles, among which flake graphite is particularly preferred, the electrical charges are preferably located at the edges. As a result, they are first fixed on the substrate, perpendicular to the substrate plane, on the edge. In the further production process, the standing platelets are tilted with suitable measures in the same direction. As a result of the spatial proximity of the individual particles to one another, there is inevitably an overlap of adjacent particles and thus ultimately the formation of a defect-poor, scale-like combined vapor barrier layer. The co-directional, scale-like arrangement of the individual, initially perpendicular to the substrate plane particles can be achieved for example by guiding a suitably arranged and dimensioned guide roller, as in 2 shown schematically.

The Inventive sheet material can in particular one equipped with a vapor barrier layer Be (polymer) bitumen or polyethylene film.

• (1) In an sich bekannter Weise Tränken einer armierenden Trägereinlage, wie sie üblicherweise zur Herstellung von (Polymer-)Bitumendach- und -dichtungsbahnen benutzt wird, z. B. Glasvlies, Glasgeweben, Polyestervlies oder Kombinationsträger mit überwiegendem Glas- oder Polyesteranteil, mit Bitumen bzw. Polymerbitumen
• (2) Bestreuen der imprägnierten Einlage mit einem der zuvor beschriebenen, dampfsperrenden Materialien in geeigneter Weise, um eine möglichst geschlossenflächige fehlstellenarme Schicht zu erzeugen. Dies kann (a) unter Verwendung eines konventionellen, mechanischen Bestreuungsstuhls (1) nach dem voranstehend beschriebenen Verfahren (A) oder (b) im elektrostatischen Feld nach dem voranstehend beschriebenen Verfahren (E) (2) geschehen; die letztere Art ist bevorzugt. Bei Variante (a) ist hinter der Bestreuung ggf. eine geeignete Absaugvorrichtung anzubringen, um einen eventuell vorhandenen Überschuss, der die Zwischenschichthaftung negativ beeinflussen könnte, zu entfernen. Als partikelförmiges Material eignet sich hierbei insbesondere Flockengraphit (z. B. Type 22034 der Fa. Becker-Pennrich, Grolsheim). Dieses wird bevorzugt in einer Menge von 10 bis 100 g/m², mehr bevorzugt etwa 50 g/m² eingesetzt. Bevorzugt beträgt die Teilchengröße des Materials bei min. 80% der Teilchen > 0,3 mm.
• (3) In an sich bekannter Weise Beschichten der bestreuten Trägereinlage sowohl auf der Unter- als auch auf der Oberseite mit (Polymer-)bitumen
• (4) Optional Belegen des so hergestellten Materials mit hoher Dampfbremswirkung sowohl auf der Ober- als auch auf der Unterseite, beispielsweise mit Quarzsand oder einer dünnen PE-Folie, um Transport- und Lagerfähigkeit sicherzustellen. Auch dieser Verfahrensschritt ist an sich bekannt.
• (5) Kühlen und Konfektionieren der Fertigware

The production of a (polymer) bituminous membrane according to the invention with vapor barrier layer can be carried out in the following steps (process variant 1):

• (1) In a conventional manner, impregnating a reinforcing carrier insert, as it is commonly used for the production of (polymer) Bitumendach- and -dichtungsbahnen, z. As glass fleece, glass fabrics, polyester fleece or combination carrier with predominant glass or polyester content, with bitumen or polymer bitumen
• (2) sprinkling the impregnated liner with any of the vapor barrier materials previously described as appropriate to produce a defect-free layer that is as closed as possible. This can be done by (a) using a conventional mechanical strapping chair ( 1 ) according to the above-described method (A) or (b) in the electrostatic field after the above be described procedures (E) ( 2 ) happen; the latter type is preferred. In variant (a), if appropriate, a suitable suction device should be installed behind the scattering in order to remove any excess which could adversely affect the intercoat adhesion. In particular, flake graphite (for example Type 22034 from Becker-Pennrich, Grolsheim) is suitable here as a particulate material. This is preferably used in an amount of 10 to 100 g / m ² , more preferably about 50 g / m ² . Preferably, the particle size of the material at min. 80% of the particles> 0.3 mm.
• (3) In a conventional manner, coating the sprinkled carrier insert both on the bottom and on top with (polymer) bitumen
• (4) Optional covering of the thus prepared material with high vapor barrier both on the top and on the bottom, for example with quartz sand or a thin PE film to ensure transport and storage. This process step is known per se.
• (5) cooling and finishing the finished product

• (1) Tränken einer armierenden Trägereinlage wie in Schritt (1) der Verfahrensvariante 1
• (2) Beschichtung der Oberseite der imprägnierten Trägereinlage mit einer heißflüssigen Mischung aus (Polymer-)Bitumen und Damfsperrpartikeln (z. B. mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß 3). Dabei sollte die Schichtdicke der dampfsperrpartikelhaltigen Mischung wesentlich kleiner gewählt werden als der mittlere Durchmesser der Dampf sperrpartikel, sodass beim Aufrakeln sich die Partikel zwangsläufig schuppenartig zu einer nahezu geschlossenfflächigen dampfbremsenden Schicht ausrichten. Eine geeignete Bitumenmischung besteht zum Beispiel aus: 33 Gew.-% Flockengraphit (z. B. Type 22034; Teilchengröße: min 80% > 0,3 mm) und 67 Gew.-% Bitumen (z. B. Type 95/40). Diese wird bevorzugt in einer Schichtstärke von ca. 0,15 mm aufgebracht, dies entspricht einer Graphitmenge von ca. 50 g/m².
• (3) Beschichten der Unterseite mit (Polymer-)Bitumen in an sich bekannter Weise.
• Geeignet hierfür ist zum Beispiel ein Selbstklebebitumen bestehend aus: 14% SIS-Kautschuk, 10% Polyterpenharz, 10% Mineralöl (naphtenisch) und 66% Bitumen (z. B. Type 160/220). Dieser wir zum Beispiel in einer Schichtdicke von 0,30 mm aufgebracht.
• (4) Abdecken der selbstklebenden Beschichtung der Unterseite mit einer abziehbaren Folie

Alternatively, the production of a (polymer) bitumen membrane according to the invention with vapor barrier layer can be carried out as follows (process variant 2):

• (1) impregnating a reinforcing carrier insert as in step (1) of process variant 1
• (2) coating the top of the impregnated liner with a hot liquid mixture of (polymer) bitumen and anti-blocking particles (eg, with a device according to 3 ). The layer thickness of the vapor barrier particle-containing mixture should be chosen to be much smaller than the average diameter of the vapor barrier particles, so that the blades inevitably scale the particles to a virtually closed-surface vapor-damping layer during doctoring. A suitable bitumen mixture consists for example of: 33% by weight flake graphite (eg type 22034, particle size: min 80%> 0.3 mm) and 67% by weight bitumen (eg type 95/40) , This is preferably applied in a layer thickness of about 0.15 mm, this corresponds to a graphite amount of about 50 g / m ² .
• (3) Coating the underside with (polymer) bitumen in a manner known per se.
• Suitable for this purpose is, for example, a self-adhesive bitumen consisting of: 14% SIS rubber, 10% polyterpene resin, 10% mineral oil (naphthenic) and 66% bitumen (eg Type 160/220). This is applied, for example, in a layer thickness of 0.30 mm.
• (4) Cover the self-adhesive coating on the bottom with a peel-off film

• (1) Tränken einer armierenden Trägereinlage wie in Schritt (1) der Verfahrensvariante 1
• (2) Beschichtung der Oberseite mit einer heißflüssigen Mischung aus (Polymer-)Bitumen und Dampfsperrpartikeln. Dabei sollte, anders als bei Verfahrensvariante 2 Schritt (2) die Dichte der Dampfsperrpartikel wesentlich höher sein als diejenige des heißflüssigen Bitumens, damit sie sich, folgend der Schwerkraft, als dichte Schicht auf der imprägnierten Trägereinlage absetzen können. Falls nötig, kann hinter der Beschichtung ein Heizstrahler angeordnet werden, um den Partikeln die nötige offene Zeit zur Bildung der Dampfsperrschicht zu ermöglichen. Eine geeignete Bitumenmischung besteht zum Beispiel aus: 33 Gew.-% Eisenglimmer (z. B. Type SG, Fa. Luh, Walluf) und 67 Gew.-% Bitumen (z. B. Type 85/25). Diese wird bevorzugt in einer Schichtstärke von ca. 0,60 mm aufgebracht, dies entspricht einer Eisenglimmermenge von ca. 425 g/m².
• (3) Beschichten der Unterseite mit (Polymer-)Bitumen wie bei Verfahrensvariante 2 Schritt (3) beschrieben
• (4) Optional Belegen des so hergestellten Materials sowohl auf der Ober- als auch auf der Unterseite wie bei Verfahrensvariante 1 Schritt (4) beschrieben

Alternatively, the production of a (polymer) bituminous membrane according to the invention with a vapor barrier layer can be carried out as follows (process variant 3):

• (1) impregnating a reinforcing carrier insert as in step (1) of process variant 1
• (2) Top coating with a hot liquid mixture of (polymer) bitumen and vapor barrier particles. In this case, unlike method variant 2 step (2), the density of the vapor barrier particles should be substantially higher than that of the hot liquid bitumen so that they can settle, following gravity, as a dense layer on the impregnated liner insert. If necessary, a radiant heater can be placed behind the coating to allow the particles the necessary open time to form the vapor barrier layer. A suitable bitumen mixture consists, for example, of: 33% by weight of iron mica (for example Type SG, Luh, Walluf) and 67% by weight of bitumen (eg Type 85/25). This is preferably applied in a layer thickness of about 0.60 mm, this corresponds to an iron mica amount of about 425 g / m ² .
• (3) coating the underside with (polymer) bitumen as described in process variant 2 step (3)
• (4) Optional covering of the thus prepared material both on the top and on the bottom as described in process variant 1 step (4)

• (1) Vermischen und Aufschmelzen von PE-Granulat, Flockengraphit sowie ggf. von Zusatzstoffen wie Farbstoffen, Pigmenten, Haftvermittlern, Alterungsschutzmitteln oder auch Verarbeitungshilfen in der Misch- und Schmelzzone eines geeigneten Extruders bzw. einer geeigneten Blasfolienanlage. Eine geeignete PE-Mischung besteht zum Beispiel aus: 33 Gew.-% Flockengraphit (z. B. Type 22034) und 67 Gew.-% PE-Compound, leicht fließend.
• (2) Austragen und Ausformen zu einer ca. 0,15 mm dicken Folie; dies entspricht einer Graphitmenge von ca. 45 g/m². Wie bei Verfahrensvariante 2 Schritt (2) beschrieben, bilden die Graphitartikel im Blasfolien- bzw. Extruderspalt, bedingt durch ihre Größe, zwangsläufig die dampfbremsende Schicht aus.
• (3) Falls erwünscht, kann dieses Produkt ein oder beidseitig mit einer dünnen PE-Folie ohne Dampfsperrpartikel von beispielsweise 0,025 mm Dicke belegt werden. Dies geschieht bevorzugt in einer Coextrusionslinie oder einer Mehrschichtblasfolienanlage. Es kann aber auch nach der Folienproduktion durch Zusammenfügen in einer Kaschieranlage unter Verwendung geeigneter Kleber hergestellt werden (4).
• (4) Kühlen und konfektionieren des Fertigproduktes

The production of a polyethylene film with vapor barrier layer according to the invention can be carried out in the following steps (process variant 4):

• (1) mixing and melting of PE granules, flake graphite and optionally of additives such as dyes, pigments, adhesion promoters, aging inhibitors or processing aids in the mixing and melting zone of a suitable extruder or a suitable blown film plant. A suitable PE mixture consists, for example, of: 33% by weight flake graphite (for example Type 22034) and 67% by weight PE compound, slightly flowing.
• (2) discharging and forming into a film about 0.15 mm thick; this corresponds to a graphite amount of about 45 g / m ² . As described in process variant 2 step (2), the graphite articles in the blown film or extruder gap, due to their size, inevitably form the vapor-damping layer.
• (3) If desired, this product may be coated on one or both sides with a thin PE film without vapor barrier particles of, for example, 0.025 mm thickness. This is preferably done in a coextrusi onslinie or a Mehrschichtblasfolienanlage. However, it can also be produced after film production by joining in a laminating plant using suitable adhesives ( 4 ).
• (4) cooling and packaging of the finished product

• (1) Bestreuen einer handelsüblichen, 0,1 mm starken PE-Folie für Bauzwecke mit beispielsweise 50 g/m² Flockengraphit (a) unter Verwendung eines konventionellen, mechanischen Bestreuungsstuhls (5) oder (b) im elektrostatischen Feld (6); die letztere Art ist bevorzugt. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die zu bestreuende Seite der Folie vorher mit einem geeigneten Kleber belegt. Ein Beispiel für einen geeigneten Kleber ist der Dispersi onskleber Emultex 596^TM der Fa. Synthomer, Frankfurt. Der Kleber wird vor der Bestreuung, bevorzugt in einer Menge von ca. 12 g/m², aufgesprüht und kann beispielsweise mittels eines Heizstrahlers getrocknet werden.
• (2) Kaschieren einer zweiten, mit einer Kleberschicht an der Unterseite versehenen Folie auf die bestreute erste Folie in einer geeigneten Kaschieranlage. Aufbringen und aktivieren des Klebers erfolgt, wie unter Schritt (1) beschrieben.
• (3) Kühlen und Konfektionieren der Fertigware

Alternatively, the production of a polyethylene film with vapor barrier layer according to the invention can be carried out as follows (process variant 5):

• (1) sprinkling a commercially available, 0.1 mm thick PE film for construction purposes with, for example, 50 g / m ² flake graphite (a) using a conventional mechanical strapping chair ( 5 ) or (b) in the electrostatic field ( 6 ); the latter type is preferred. Conveniently, the page to be spread of the film is previously covered with a suitable adhesive. An example of a suitable adhesive is the dispersion adhesive Emultex 596 ^™ from Synthomer, Frankfurt. The adhesive is sprayed before sprinkling, preferably in an amount of about 12 g / m ² , and can be dried for example by means of a radiant heater.
• (2) laminating a second, provided with an adhesive layer on the underside of the film on the sprinkled first film in a suitable laminating. Application and activation of the adhesive takes place as described in step (1).
• (3) cooling and packaging the finished product

Derived from this process variant, it is possible to omit the second film and instead spray on a second dispersion which melts during drying and thus incorporates and protects the graphite layer. A suitable dispersion ("liquid film") is, for example: Ultralube E 846, from Keim, Kirchberg, which is preferably applied in an amount of about 70 g / m ² .

• (1) Mischen einer graphithaltigen Dispersion mit beispielsweise folgender Zusammensetzung: 35 Gew.-% Flockengraphit (z. B. Type 22034), 0,1 Gew.-% Dispergiermittel (z. B. Dynol 604, Fa. Air Products), 64,9 Gew.-% Acrylatdispersion (z. B. Revacryl 630, Fa. Synthomer) und Aufrakeln auf eine handelsübliche PE-Baufolie, z. B. 0,1 mm dick, z. B. in einer Nassfilmdicke von 0,15 mm.
• (2) Trocknen der graphithaltigen Schicht, beispielsweise mit einem Infrarottrockner
• (3) Kühlen und Konfektionieren des Fertigproduktes.

Alternatively, the production of a polyethylene film with vapor barrier layer according to the invention can be carried out as follows (process variant 6, see 7 ):

• (1) Mixing of a graphite-containing dispersion having, for example, the following composition: 35% by weight flake graphite (for example Type 22034), 0.1% by weight dispersing agent (eg Dynol 604, from Air Products), 64 , 9 wt .-% acrylate dispersion (eg Revacryl 630, Fa. Synthomer) and knife coating on a commercial PE building film, z. B. 0.1 mm thick, z. B. in a wet film thickness of 0.15 mm.
• (2) drying the graphite-containing layer, for example with an infrared dryer
• (3) cooling and packaging of the finished product.

Brief description of the drawings

1 shows a mechanical strainer for producing a vapor barrier layer according to the method (A) described above.

2 shows an apparatus for producing a vapor barrier layer by scattering in the electrostatic field according to the method (E) described above.

3 shows a device for coating the top of an impregnated liner insert with a hot liquid mixture of bitumen and vapor barrier particles.

4 shows a device for laminating a film with a vapor barrier layer according to the invention with additional films on the top and bottom.

5 shows a device for sprinkling a film with a particulate material using a mechanical Bestrichtungsstuhls, wherein the side of the film to be spreaded is previously covered with a suitable adhesive, and by means of a laminating a second, provided with an adhesive layer on the underside film on the sprinkled first foil is laminated.

6 shows a device for sprinkling a film with a particulate material in the electrostatic field, wherein the side of the film to be spreaded is previously covered with a suitable adhesive, and by means of a laminating a second, provided with an adhesive layer on the underside of the film on the sprinkled first film is laminated.

7 shows an apparatus for doctoring a graphite-containing dispersion onto a PE film and drying the graphite-containing layer with an infrared dryer.

8th shows the structure of a sheet material according to the invention.

In In the figures, the reference numbers indicate the following:

1

topping up down

2

substratum (Carrier insert, plastic film)

3

Vapor barrier layer arranged in a scale

3a

Vapor barrier layer arranged like a scale, as part of a coating composition

4

coating

5

coating

6

Imprägnierpfanne (Bitumen) with guide, dipping and squeezing rollers

7

Bestreuungsstuhl with storage bunker

8th

vibrating conveyor

9

Electrostatics unit with storage bunker

10

pressure roller

11

squeegee unit

12

Dimensions with vapor barrier particles, hot liquid

13

mass feeding

14

Dimensions with vapor barrier particles, cold

15

foil with integrated vapor barrier layer

16

laminating

17

laminating

18

glue feed

19

Glue

20

doctor

21

heater

Examples

in the The invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments but not limiting are.

example 1

A bituminous roofing membrane V 60 S4 after DIN EN 13707 and DIN 20000-201 was equipped with a graphite layer of 50 g / m ² as follows:
An armoring liner was soaked with bitumen (85/25). The impregnated insert was sprinkled with graphite (type 22034) in the electrostatic field. The sprinkled base was coated with a bituminous compound on the top and bottom (composition: 72% bitumen 95/40, 28% limestone powder). Finally, the top of the web was sprinkled with quartz sand and the underside was covered with a PE film (thickness: 7 μm).

Example 2

A bitumen roofing G 200 S4 after DIN EN 13707 and DIN 20000-201 was equipped as in Example 1 with a graphite layer of 50 g / m ² .

Example 3

A PE film composite, equipped with a graphite layer of 50 g / m ² , thickness: 0.24 mm, was prepared as follows:
A commercially available PE film for construction purposes (thickness: 0.1 mm) was sprinkled with graphite (type 22034) in the electric field. The adhesive used was the dispersion adhesive Emultex 596 ^™ from Synthomer, Frankfurt (amount: 12 g / m ² ). Subsequently, a commercially available PE film for building purposes (thickness: 0.1 mm) coated with Emultex 596 ^™ (12 g / m ² ) was laminated.

test results

On the products of Examples 1 to 3, the water vapor permeability was after DIN EN 1931 measured. For comparison, the water vapor permeability of the corresponding products without the Measured vapor barrier layer according to the invention. The results are given in the following table: Ex. product s _D value [m] 1A Bitumen roofing membrane V 60 S4 after DIN EN 13707 and DIN 20000-201 , equipped with a graphite layer of 50 g / m ² 1048 1B * Bitumen roofing membrane V 60 S4 after DIN EN 13707 and DIN 20000-201 198 2A Bitumen roofing G 200 S4 after DIN EN 13707 and DIN 20000-201 , equipped with a graphite layer of 50 g / m ² 2687 2 B* Bitumen roofing G 200 S4 after DIN EN 13707 and DIN 20000-201 222 3A PE foils composite, equipped with a graphite layer of 50 g / m ² , thickness: 0.24 mm 1018 3C * Commercially available PE construction film, excellent as a vapor barrier, thickness: 0.25 mm 167 * For comparison, commercially available products without appropriate equipment

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - DIN 4108-4 [0003]
• - DIN EN 12524 [0003]
• - DIN 4108-3 [0004]
• - DIN 4108-3 [0010]
• - DIN 4108 [0010]
• - DIN 18234 [0023]
• - DIN EN 13707 [0053]
• - DIN 20000-201 [0053]
• - DIN EN 13707 [0054]
• - DIN 20000-201 [0054]
• - DIN EN 1931 [0056]
• - DIN EN 13707 [0056]
• - DIN 20000-201 [0056]
• - DIN EN 13707 [0056]
• - DIN 20000-201 [0056]
• - DIN EN 13707 [0056]
• - DIN 20000-201 [0056]
• - DIN EN 13707 [0056]
• - DIN 20000-201 [0056]

Claims (11)

A sheet material comprising a substantially closed-loop vapor barrier layer of a particulate, water vapor impermeable material, wherein the vapor barrier layer has an s _D value of at least 250 m. A sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the particulate material is a mineral. Sheet material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the particulate material selected from: phyllosilicates, slate, flake graphite, Expanded graphite, metal baubles, glass baubles. Sheet material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the particulate material platy or flaky. Sheet material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the particulate material is arranged on the sheet material. Sheet material according to one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the particulate material within the sheet Material is arranged. Sheet material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate material is contained in an amount of 15 g / m ² to 500 g / m ² . Sheet material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sheet material comprises a layer Contains bitumen or polymer bitumen. Sheet material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sheet material is a reinforcing Contains liner insert. A sheet material according to claim 9, wherein the reinforcing insert made of glass fleece, glass fabrics, polyester fleece or a combination thereof. Sheet material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the sheet material is a layer made of polyethylene.