DE202009002196U1 - Apparatus for winding a three-dimensionally shaped electrical coil of band-shaped conductors and then wound coil - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for the three-dimensional winding of an electric coil (1) from a band-shaped conductor (2) guided and running by a roller body (5) with a shaped body (6) temporarily receiving the band-shaped conductor (2) and giving the electrical coil (1) a three-dimensional extent ) as winding body, wherein layers of the band-shaped conductor (2) with high filling factor are closely-wound tightly, the functions such as relative movements for the three-dimensional winding process of a multi-axis manipulator (11) between the molding (6) and the roller body (5 ) are steerable, the band-shaped conductor (2) during the winding process about its neutral fiber rotating three-dimensionally winding without significant strains of its material and after each technologically completed winding process, the finished coil (1) is largely self-supporting generated without further shaping.

Description

Technical area

The The invention relates to a device for winding a three-dimensional shaped electric coil of band-shaped conductors, and how they z. B. as coil windings with the front side bent upwards Winding heads and in between longitudinally extending, straight winding sections u. a. for electrical machines be used. Furthermore, the invention relates to a three-dimensional wound coil.

State of the art

In the DE 10 2006 009 250 A1 For example, a so-called saddle-shaped coil winding using ribbon-shaped superconductors and a method for producing such coil windings has been described. In a broader sense, this can be defined in its final form saddle-shaped as non-planar coil winding as a three-dimensional coil winding.

The professional world obviously represents the opinion (so also in the DE 10 2006 009 250 A1 = WO 2006111527 A1 = EP 1 872 3777 A1 discloses) that such coil windings of band-shaped conductors only after a flat, so-called two-dimensional winding process - such. B. as a race track coil (race track coil) - in their final form by shaping - as a pipe surface - can be formed three-dimensional, because a from the outset three-dimensional winding of band-shaped conductors require a high technological complexity (elaborate winding devices) and / or the material properties from Z. B. tape-shaped superconductors or conductors of anodized aluminum would overwhelm.

Also in the JP 06-196314 A and 2003-255032A Three-dimensionally shaped coils of ribbon-shaped conductors reveal, both from the method and from their shape, that these saddle-shaped coil windings must be finally shaped.

saddle-shaped like non-planar, here so-called three-dimensional coil windings from band-shaped ladders are used in particular for electrical machines, such as rotors and stators in motors and generators intended. The case as a band-shaped conductor of superconductor material or anodized aluminum designed coils round shapes, as in rotors or stators of electric Machines, without neglecting electrical parameters let adjust.

• – parallelliegende gerade Wicklungsabschnitte und
• – dazwischen an gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten aus der Ebene gebogene und gerundete Wicklungsabschnitte wie so genannte Wickelköpfe.

As a rule, these saddle-shaped and non-planar, three-dimensional coil windings comprise band-shaped conductors

• - Parallelliegende straight winding sections and
• - Between curved at opposite ends of the plane and rounded winding sections such as so-called winding heads.

It But there are also other windings for special applications with a three-dimensional extent, the z. B. Training without any Have symmetry axes and in their spherical shape rather irregular shaped (potato) chips or Dried apple rings same, but from band-shaped Ladders must be wrapped.

The Relevant experts obviously assume that such Forms after a flat winding the band-shaped conductor Although easy to bend, but not or only consuming to wrap.

After an Outlook (Publication from Maschinenmarkt - PopUp Pages - Druckansicht Page 2 of 2 http://www.maschinenmarkt.vogel.de /Dr.-Ing. Johannes Wößner at the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA) in Stuttgart) on a more remote application of coils, it is known to wind the built-in magnetic resonance imaging coils of insulated copper flat wires. This previously manually performed process has already been automated and implemented with a gantry robot. The ribbon cables are inserted directly from the entrained on a Z-axis wire spools in a laying board (equal to a bobbin). The final fixation is known to be by means of epoxy resin bonding (analog DE 10 2006 009 250 A1 = WO 2006111527 A1 = EP 1 872 3777 A1 ).

While The winding is there ensured by straightening rolls that the Ribbon wires straight after unwinding from the coils (laid flat) and have no initial deformations. Subsequently The individual wires are moved through the laying head of the robot promoted and merged into a wire bundle. With the help of two bending rollers then the wire bundle bent in accordance with the predetermined trajectory of the coils and pressed into the laying board.

at However, the winding process requires eleven interpolating axes be controlled in their speed so coordinated be that the wire bundle tension-free in the laying board can be used.

The required arrangement and control of eleven interpolating axes is complicated and thus disadvantageous.

Next this requires the two bending axes as well as the four robot axes the drives of the five wire feeders. The single ones Wire feeds are therefore next to the travel speed of the robot in addition to the respective radius to be bent dependent. In this case, the outer flat wire needs correspondingly more length than the inner one, so too the middle wires.

On Reason for the worm-shaped winding web (in the core with over 20 turns), the Z axis must be wound up of the core about 20 times to rotate 360 °, which is why it is designed as an endless axis of rotation. Required are correction factors for adapting the tool coordinate system to the Robot controller.

• – ein Drahtbündel entsprechend dem vorgegebenen Bahnverlauf der Spulen nach dem Wickeln zu biegen,
• – elf interpolierende Achsen zu steuern und
• – Korrekturfaktoren für die Anpassung der tatsächlichen Lagenlängen und des Werkzeugkoordinatensystems von vornherein zu berechnen und zu steuern.

This outlook shows that there are no suggestions for a rational winding a three-dimensionally shaped electric coil of band-shaped conductors, as they are, for. B. can be brought as coil windings with frontally upturned end windings and in between longitudinally extending straight winding sections: It is actually consuming,

• To bend a wire bundle according to the predetermined trajectory of the coils after winding,
• - control eleven interpolating axes and
• - to calculate and control correction factors for the adaptation of the actual layer lengths and the tool coordinate system from the outset.

For the aforementioned z. As rotors and stators in engines and generators of electric machines, however, is the use band-shaped conductor of said materials in particular with regard to z. B. the current density despite their material-related Dehnungsempfindlichkeit indispensable.

The trend was also to use newly wound "racetrack coils" as stacks quasi three-dimensionally for the above electrical machines, for which purpose these flat, flat wound racetrack coils would have to be made of band-shaped conductors in electrical machines in such a way as they would DE 199 43 783 A1 are arranged. However, reduced field strengths would have to be accepted again, which in turn should avoid said three-dimensionally deformed saddle coils.

The Demand for the deformed saddle coils, opposite flat coils to ensure the electrical properties despite shaping, are justified, but are also bought at a disadvantage.

It was also tried - among others WO 01/08173 A1 - to use (therefore relatively easy windable) conically shaped coil windings. However, the electrical advantages of the saddle coils and their intended applications are not achieved.

Furthermore, the production of saddle-shaped as well as non-planar coil windings with band-shaped conductors with a small three-dimensional extent in IEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, Vol. 9, no. 2, June 1999, pp. 293-296 already shown. However, the winding method described therein does not produce windings, as they are used for rotating electrical machines, such as motors or generators with the desired electrical parameters.

But are coil windings of strain-sensitive band-shaped material such as superconductors or anodized aluminum according to a further prior art according to the EP 1 471 363 A1 made, it remains at the disadvantages to be criticized both the subsequent deformation after the winding process and the elaborate winding devices. Added to this is the arrangement-related and electrical unsuitability for rotating electrical machines.

Now follows the expert in accordance with the outlined above DE 10 2006 009 250 A1 = WO 2006111527 A1 = EP 1 872 3777 A1 produced, formed after the winding process saddle coils, he finds indeed the desired and suitable for rotating electrical machines form, which is formed from the flat coil shape racecourse type on a tube surface.

• – sich die jeweilige Umlauflänge des bandförmigen Leiters in der Sattelform von der in der ebenen Spulenform unterscheidet,
• – für bestimmte Dimensionen eine radiale Höhe des Rohrdurchmessers zu berücksichtigen ist,
• – schon bei der Ausbildung der ebenen Spulenform zwischen den Windungen Abstände berechnet und zugesetzt sowie ggf. Abstandshalter eingesetzt und wieder entfernt werden müssen,
• – nachteilige Dehnungen oder Stauchungen des bandförmigen Leitermaterials während der Verformung nicht vermeidbar sind.

Although this shaping seems to be practical, it involves drawbacks in that

• The respective circumferential length of the band-shaped conductor in the saddle form differs from that in the flat coil form,
• - For certain dimensions, a radial height of the pipe diameter is taken into account,
• - Calculated distances between the turns and added and possibly spacers used and removed again in the formation of the flat coil shape,
• - Adverse strains or compressions of the band-shaped conductor material during deformation are unavoidable.

By the compression and extension of the band-shaped conductor material in the subsequent "in-mold pressing" become the crystalline materials are heavily stressed.

This can destroy the required stability of the high-temperature superconductor or the insulating aluminum oxide layer on an aluminum strip and thus lead to impairment of electrical properties. In the high-temperature superconductors this means the loss of superconducting properties, and in the case of the anodized aluminum strip, the loss of the insulating properties of the oxide layer, which is only a few μm thick, occurs.

These Disadvantages are temperature independent. For one possible use of anodized aluminum as superconductor (Aluminum is known to be at a temperature of about 1.14 ° Kelvin in the superconducting state over), would after the flat winding process by the upsets and strains in three-dimensional forming the surrounding oxide layer the risk of excessive use exposed and the coil functionally destroyed.

Of the The specialist therefore continues to search for procedures with which from the outset three-dimensional windings of coils of band-shaped Ladders can be rationally generated if he has the previously described Wants to avoid disadvantages.

Practically It becomes elaborate and complicated, according to the two-dimensional Wind three-dimensionally forming coils for the electrical values such as field strengths with decisive position close-by-close, d. H. with a high filling factor of the cross section of the layers to ensure the band-shaped conductor.

On the other hand, it should be noted that the two-dimensional winding method of coils have been developed quite well, as z. B. in the EP 1 833 062 B1 is described.

This Method for winding a coil takes place on a winding body, a first part, a second part and a step between the first part and the second part, the first part has a larger diameter than the second Part.

• – Aufnehmen eines Leitungsdrahtes (der nicht unbedingt als bandförmiger Leiter zu definieren ist) in einer nutartigen Vertiefung im ersten Teil,
• – Führen des Leitungsdrahtes in der nutartigen Vertiefung auf den zweiten Teil,
• – Wickeln des Leitungsdrahtes auf den zweiten Teil und
• – nach dem Wickeln auf den zweiten Teil: Wickeln des Leitungsdrahtes auf den ersten Teil.

The method comprises the following steps

• Picking up a conductor wire (which is not necessarily to be defined as a band-shaped conductor) in a groove-like depression in the first part,
• Guiding the lead wire in the groove-like depression to the second part,
• - winding the lead wire on the second part and
• - after winding on the second part: winding the lead wire on the first part.

In its further embodiment, the lead wire of the groove-like depression on a spout in the stage the second part and / or a tour of one Entrance area automatically or straight into the groove-like depression be guided.

there Both the first part and the second part are from a respective one Limited end wall and the groove-like depression may take the form of a Spiral, in which case the guiding of the lead wire in the groove-like depression to the second part by a relative Twisting between the bobbin and the lead wire feed and a simultaneous relative axial displacement between the bobbin and the wire feed occurs. The relative rotation becomes then by turning the bobbin or by turning the Lead wire feed achieved.

Farther the groove-like depression is formed in the form of a line which drops to the surface of the second part. In this case, the lead wire is guided in the groove-like manner Recess to the second part by radial retention of the bobbin in relation to the lead wire and simultaneous relative shifting the bobbin and the conductor wire against each other.

Also the relative axial displacement can be achieved by moving the bobbin or by moving the lead wire feed.

Of the for the process relevant bobbin includes - as previously described in the steps - the first part for winding, the second part for winding and the step between the first part and the second part, wherein the diameter of the first part is larger than that of the second part, and has in the first part of the groove-like depression leading to the second part ride. This groove-like depression forms said outlet, which leads over the step to the second part.

The The guide described in the process runs preferably straight through an entrance area to the groove-like Deepening. Both the first part and the second part is from limited to the above-mentioned respective end wall. The groove-like depression has the shape of a spiral and the groove-like depression the shape a line towards the surface of the second part drops.

The according to this method with the winding body described manufactured coil comprises a wound conductor wire, which over the groove-like depression enters the second part and on the second part is wrapped before being wound on the first part becomes. The two ends of the lead wire terminate at respective end pieces in or behind the corresponding end wall.

After relevant analysis also this Method and the winding body is not addressed for winding the initially required type of three-dimensional to be wound coils of band-shaped conductors, with a technological recovery from the outset for the problem to be solved here is not suitable.

Presentation of the essence of the invention

task

• – die gewickelten Lagen ohne jegliche Vorberechnungen bezüglich der bereitzustellenden Länge zur gewickelten Länge erfolgen,
• – der Wickelvorgang mittels eines den bandförmigen Leiter abgebenden Coils und um einen Wickelkörper dreidimensional mit einer optimierten Anzahl von Achsen manipuliert wird,
• – die fertige Spule einer jeglichen dreidimensionalen Form und Gewährleistung elektrischer Parameter zur Verwendung in z. B. elektrischen Maschinen, wie Rotoren und Statoren in Motoren und Generatoren entsprechen kann und
• – die dreidimensionale Wicklung des bandförmigen Leiters weitgehend ohne wesentliche Dehnungen und oder Stauchen seines Materials erfolgt.

Contrary to the development tendencies of the analyzed prior art (and also general judgments of the art), the invention has the object, a device for three-dimensional winding of an electric coil of band-shaped conductors, and as such. B. according to 1 can be used as a coil windings with end-side bent-up end windings and between longitudinally extending, straight winding sections, as well as to provide such a wound coil from the beginning, wherein

• The wound layers are made without any preliminary calculations with regard to the length to be provided for the wound length,
• The winding process is manipulated by means of a coil delivering the ribbon-shaped conductor and by a winding body being manipulated three-dimensionally with an optimized number of axes,
• - The finished coil of any three-dimensional shape and ensuring electrical parameters for use in z. B. electric machines, such as rotors and stators in motors and generators can correspond and
• - The three-dimensional winding of the band-shaped conductor takes place largely without significant strains and or upsetting of its material.

Disclosure of the invention

According to the invention the object is achieved by a device with which the from a reel body as a coil guided and expiring band-shaped conductor using one of the band-shaped Ladder temporarily receiving and the electric coil a three-dimensional extension giving moldings as Winding body, the layers tight-tightly wound and the Functions such as relative movements for the three-dimensional Winding process by a manipulator between the molding and the reel body are steered multi-axis. Thus, can the band-shaped conductor during the winding process to its neutral fiber without significant strains of its material wrapped in three dimensions and after each technologically completed Winding the finished coil largely without further shaping be produced self-supporting.

• a) der Formkörper mittels des dreidimensional operierenden Manipulators aus Teilen zusammengesetzt wird und sodann ein Anfangsabschnitt des bandförmigen Leiters mittels des vom Manipulator betätigten Rollenkörpers, der vom Manipulator mindestens einachsig betätigt wird, an einer durch die Zusammensetzung des Formkörpers dreidimensional gebildeten und begrenzten sowie endlos umlaufenden Kontur des Formkörpers, der vom Manipulator mindestens einachsig betätigt wird, angelegt wird,
• b) der vom Rollenkörper ablaufende bandförmige Leiter entlang der Kontur des Formkörpers mehrmals herumlaufend bis zu einem Endabschnitt des bandförmigen Leiters geführt und sodann getrennt wird, wobei sowohl die Relativbewegungen zwischen Rollenkörper und Formkörper als auch dessen Teilung vom Manipulator gelenkt werden und
• c) die dreidimensional gewickelte Spule nach Teilung des ersten Teils und zweiten Teils des Formkörpers mittels des Manipulators entnommen wird.

The device comprises in detail the functions that

• a) the molding is assembled by means of the three-dimensionally operating manipulator of parts and then an initial portion of the band-shaped conductor by means of the manipulator operated roller body, which is actuated by the manipulator at least uniaxial, in a three-dimensionally formed by the composition of the molding and limited and endlessly circulating contour of the shaped body, which is actuated by the manipulator at least uniaxially, is applied,
• b) the running of the reel body band-shaped conductor along the contour of the molding several times running around to an end portion of the band-shaped conductor and then separated, both the relative movements between the roller body and molded body and its division are directed by the manipulator and
• c) the three-dimensionally wound coil is removed after division of the first part and the second part of the shaped body by means of the manipulator.

The Divisibility of the molding may be in the formation of the invention also the creation of modules serve to appropriate forms and Assemble dimensions of the coil to be wound like a box to be able to.

in the According to the invention, it is also possible and feasible that the removal of the three-dimensionally wound coil not only by said separation of separable moldings, but in general by changing the contours of his Volume can be made. This would thus be shaped bodies made of flexible material, including cavities, enclosed, the reducible in the volume of their original form and after removal the coil is then reconstructed again.

directional on the production of coils with parallel straight winding sections and in between on the opposite ends the plane curved and rounded winding sections such as winding heads can be the three-dimensional formed and limited as well as endlessly circulating Contour of the molding "achterbahnartig" around run, wherein the roller body with the running of it band-shaped conductor around the three-dimensionally limited contour also "achterbahnartig" (similar to a car on a Roller coaster) is guided around.

The shaped body can according to a variant corresponding to the respectively required position of the running on the three-dimensional limited contour band-shaped conductor about a first axis swiveled rotated and rotated about a second axis pivoting. In this case, the roller body is guided in a position remote from the molding body.

In In another variant, the shaped body corresponding the required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour running band-shaped conductor by at least a first axis swiveled and optionally additionally be rotated about at least a second axis. The reel body is then also in a remote from the molding Position led.

To In another variant, the molding may be at least pivoting one of the first or second axis and thereby the location of another axis of rotation of the guided away from the molding body Roll body according to the required position of the running on the three-dimensional limited contour band-shaped Ladder can be changed or swiveled.

These Variants are understood in the exercise of the function of the manipulator, corresponding to the shaped body or the roller body the respectively required position multiaxial in order to wind the band-shaped conductor on the three-dimensional limited Contour leads.

Of the band-shaped ladder will be during his leadership at the three-dimensionally formed and limited as well as endlessly circulating Contour only in corresponding winding sections around its neutral Fiber twisted without significant or adverse deformations in to experience its material structure.

• a) Den besagten dreidimensional operierenden Manipulator mit – ersten Mitteln zum Fügen und Lösen von Teilen des Formkörpers, – zweiten Mitteln zum Anlegen und/oder Abtrennen des bandförmigen Leiters sowie Abnehmen der gewickelten Spule, – dritten Mitteln zur achterbahnartigen Führung des Rollenkörpers mit dem ablaufenden bandförmigen Leiter um die dreidimensional begrenzte Kontur, – vierten Mitteln zur Drehung des Formkörpers um mindestens eine erste Achse sowie Schwenkung um mindestens eine zweite Achse und/oder – fünften Mitteln zur Drehung des Formkörpers um mindestens die erste Achse sowie Veränderung oder Schwenkung der Lage der Drehachse des vom Formkörper entfernt angeordneten Rollenkörpers entsprechend der jeweils erforderlichen Position des auf der dreidimensional begrenzten Kontur ablaufenden bandförmigen Leiters,
• b) den ggf. teilbaren Formkörper mit einer sich dreidimensional erstreckenden, endlos umlaufenden Kontur, welche Kontur eine sphärisch verlaufende wie „achterbahnartige" Begrenzung für den bandförmigen Leiter der zu wickelnden elektrischen Spule bildet und
• c) den zur begrenzenden Kontur des Formkörpers korrespondierenden Rollenkörper.

The thus functionally outlined device comprises:

• a) said three-dimensional manipulator with - first means for joining and detaching parts of the molding, - second means for applying and / or separating the band-shaped conductor and removing the wound coil, - third means for achterbahnartigen leadership of the reel body with the expiring band-shaped Ladder around the three-dimensionally limited contour, fourth means for rotating the shaped body about at least one first axis and pivoting about at least one second axis and / or fifth means for rotating the shaped body about at least the first axis and changing or pivoting the position of the axis of rotation of Role body arranged away from the shaped body corresponding to the respectively required position of the band-shaped conductor running on the three-dimensionally delimited contour,
• b) the optionally divisible molded body with a three-dimensionally extending, endless circumferential contour, which contour forms a spherically extending as "roller coaster" boundary for the band-shaped conductor of the electric coil to be wound and
• c) the roller body corresponding to the limiting contour of the shaped body.

Of the Moldings can be detachable in a first part and a second part having a three-dimensionally extending, endlessly parting joint are joined, which parting line the shape of the spherical boundary like "roller coaster" forms.

In this training is expediently the first part through a cuboid with two rounded front edges, between which a recess runs, designed. In this recess is the second part, which in cross-section a curved section has, fitted in such a way that the circumferential parting line the three-dimensional limited contour like "roller coaster" leadership forms for the electric coil. There are - on average seen - in the so-joined shaped body at right angles mutually facing surfaces for construction / installations of in a first dimension, in a second and in a third Dimension "roller coaster" extending contour or winding sections the coil to be wound. Those then coiled in their neutral fiber running surfaces form the shape of the three-dimensional to be wound coil.

From the longitudinal surfaces running in the first dimension first surface legs form a support for a flat side and second surface leg a plant for an edge side of the band-shaped conductor. Of the surfaces running in the second and third dimension third surface legs form the support for the flat side and fourth surface leg the plant for the edge side of the band-shaped conductor.

The along the parting line encircling three-dimensional limited contour can serve as a guide groove for the electrical to be wound Coil according to a cross section of layers of windings of electrical Spool be recessed, this guide then the "roller coaster" represents.

The composite molded body is advantageously formed in a respective region in which the layers of windings of the electric coil between longitudinally extending winding sections and end-side bent-up end windings are formed into a shape which leads to a helix like rotation of the cross sections of the layers of windings of the electric coil leads, said helical rotation about the neutral fiber for a material and structure gentle shaping of the z. B. band-shaped conductor of anodized aluminum or superconducting material provides.

In this relationship is again on the divisible moldings to refer to the wound coil corresponding and geometrically appropriate To grant withdrawal possibilities.

The Divisibility of the moldings should also be the creation of Modules are used to form the coil to be wound corresponding shapes and dimensions to assemble modular.

The Possibility of taking the three-dimensional wound coil not only by said separation of separable moldings, but also by changing the contours of its volume can, opens up new ways to make moldings from flexible Material, so with cavities to create. So that can reduced by means of suitable media, the volume of the original form and then reconstructed after removal of the coil.

at the device by means of band-shaped conductors three-dimensional Coiled coil can be any materials, such as metals with metal oxides, so in particular anodized aluminum, but also Superconducting materials can be used without sacrificing for the desired electrical parameters to have to.

• a) Um eine neutrale Faser des bandförmigen Leiters wendelartig gedrehte Wicklungsabschnitte und
• b) eine wendelartige Drehung von Lagen des bandförmigen Leiters in längs verlaufenden Wicklungsabschnitten zu Lagen des bandförmigen Leiters im Scheitel von Wickelköpfen in ihrem Querschnitt und ihrer neutralen Faser sowie
• c) Bildung einer in längs verlaufenden Wicklungsabschnitten jeweils oben oder unten liegende Flachseite jeder einzelnen Lage des bandförmigen Leiters im Scheitel von Wickelköpfen zur jeweils unten oder oben liegenden Flachseite.

Thus, a three-dimensionally wound coil of band-shaped conductor made of any material is produced in an advantageous manner, which has as new features:

• a) around a neutral fiber of the band-shaped conductor helically wound winding sections and
• b) a helical rotation of layers of the band-shaped conductor in longitudinally extending winding sections to layers of the band-shaped conductor in the apex of winding heads in their cross-section and their neutral fiber and
• c) formation of a longitudinally extending winding sections each top or bottom flat side of each individual layer of the band-shaped conductor in the apex of winding heads to the respective lower or upper flat side.

Consequently Also, the coil shows novel properties by being disadvantageous Strains or compressions of the material outside the neutral fiber of the band-shaped conductor, as described in the previous, initially described prior art after the winding process molded saddle coils can be avoided.

• – nach jedem technologisch beendeten Wickelvorgang die fertige Spule ohne weitere Formgebung weitgehend selbsttragend erzeugt,
• – jede Lage der Spule ohne Vorberechnungen oder Korrekturfaktoren dicht-bei-dicht mit einem hohen Füllfaktor des Querschnitts der Lagen gewickelt,
• – der Wickelvorgang zwischen einem mehrteiligen Wickelkörper und einem den bandförmigen Leiter abgebenden Rollenkörper optimal mehrachsig manipuliert,
• – erreicht, daß eine dreidimensional zu wickelnde Spule einer jeglichen Form und Gewährleistung elektrischer Parameter zur Verwendung insbesondere in elektrischen Maschinen angepasst werden kann,
• – der jeweilige bandförmige Leiter während des Wickelvorgangs weitgehend entsprechend seiner neutralen Faser ohne wesentliche Dehnungen seines Materials geformt

und so die eingangs gestellte Aufgabe entgegen den Tendenzen des Standes der Technik gelöst.Overall, with the invention

• - Produced after each technologically finished winding process, the finished coil largely self-supporting without further shaping,
• - each layer of the coil wound without precalculations or correction factors close-to-tight with a high filling factor of the cross-section of the layers,
• - The winding process between a multi-part bobbin and the band-shaped conductor donating role body optimally multiaxial manipulated,
• - ensures that a coil to be wound three-dimensionally can be adapted to any shape and to guarantee electrical parameters for use in particular in electrical machines,
• - The respective band-shaped conductor formed during the winding process largely according to its neutral fiber without significant strains of its material

and so solved the object initially posed contrary to the tendencies of the prior art.

The Invention will be described below in an embodiment with variants described with reference to the drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

The Drawings show in schematic, perspective representations according to

1 a three-dimensionally wound coil 1 with end-turned up winding heads 15.1 and intermediate, straight, parallel winding sections 15 .

2 a divisible molding 6 with accordingly 1 wound coil 1 .

3 the divisible molding 6 to 2 with corresponding roller body 5 in phases of a winding process with running band-shaped conductor 2 and "roller coaster-like guidance" of the reel body 5 with the running band-shaped conductor 2 around the three-dimensionally limited contour 7 according to 2 .

4 the divisible molding 6 to 2 with corresponding roller body 5 as well as a manipulator 11 with fourth means 11.4 for rotating the molded body about a first axis 8th as well as pivoting about a second axis 9 .

5 the divisible molding 6 to 2 with corresponding roller body 5 such as the manipulator 11 with fifth means 11.5 for changing or pivoting the position of the axis of rotation 10 of the molding 6 remotely located reel body 5 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 ( 2 ) running strip-shaped conductor 2 .

6 an indicated alternative divisibility of the molding 6 with first means 11.1 for joining and detaching into parts 6.1 and 6.2 .

7 the coil to be wound 1 to 1 with "roller coaster" guided reel bodies 5 during a winding process,

8th a variant of the divisible molding 6 with second means 11.2 together with fixation rods 11.2.1 for applying, fixing and / or separating the band-shaped conductor 2 and removing the wound coil 1 and

9 the divisible molding 6 to 2 with corresponding roller body 5 as well as the manipulator 11 with fifth means 11.5 for rotation of the shaped body about the first axis and change or pivoting of the position of the axis of rotation 10 of the molding 6 remotely located reel body 5 ,

Best way to execute the invention

The embodiment is on a wound coil 1 directed as they are in 1 with end-turned up winding heads 15.1 and intermediate, straight, parallel winding sections 15 is shown.

Out 1 it can be seen that the finished coil 1 advantageous to a neutral fiber of a band-shaped conductor 2 turned winding sections 15 . 15.1 with helical rotation 15.2 having. In the longitudinal winding sections 15 forms a respective top or bottom flat side 2.1 each individual layer of the band-shaped conductor 2 in the apex of the winding heads 15.1 then after her helical turn 15.2 each lying at the bottom or top, ie rotated by about 180 ° flat side 2.1 ,

The band-shaped conductor 2 consists of anodized aluminum, wherein the oxide layer, not shown, the structural state of the oxide layer of the band-shaped conductor 2 before winding corresponds.

In the following it will be seen that the three-dimensional winding of the band-shaped conductor 2 - Unlike in the prior art described above - can be done largely without significant strains and or upsetting his material.

• – durch die Stauchung und Streckung des bandförmigen Leitermaterials bei dem nachträglichem „In-Form-Pressen" bewirkte Beanspruchung von kristallinen Materialen,
• – Zerstörung der benötigten Stabilität eines Hochtemperatursupraleiters oder der isolierenden Aluminiumoxid-Schicht auf einem Aluminiumband,
• – Beeinträchtigungen der elektrischen Eigenschaften,
• – Verlust supraleitender oder isolierender Eigenschaften

vermieden.Thereby, the described disadvantages of the prior art, such as

• Stress on crystalline materials caused by the compression and elongation of the strip-shaped conductor material in the subsequent "in-mold pressing",
• Destruction of the required stability of a high-temperature superconductor or the insulating aluminum oxide layer on an aluminum strip,
• - impairment of electrical properties,
• - loss of superconducting or insulating properties

avoided.

Next is in 1 symbolically represented in a cross-section Q is a layer "close-to-dense", ie with a high filling factor of the cross-section Q, which is decisive for the electrical values such as large field strengths.This is due to the layers wound according to the invention and without any preliminary calculations allows the length to be provided to the wound length.

Finally, in 1 an edge side 2.1 referred to, which will be discussed below.

Such a coil wound with the device described below and after finally to be described method 1 is particularly applicable to electric machines such as rotors and stators in motors and generators with improved electrical parameters over the prior art.

In 2 is as an assembly of the device according to the invention for according to 1 wound coil 1 a the three-dimensional extent there giving dividable moldings ( 6 ) shown as a wound body. This one has a first part 6.1 and a second part 6.2 with an endless circumferential contour 7 the latter having a spherically extending "roller coaster" boundary for the band-shaped conductor 2 the electric coil 1 forms. The molded body 6 at the same time has a three-dimensionally extending, endlessly circulating parting line 7.1 which forms the shape of the spherical boundary such as "roller coaster." This parting line 7.1 divides the molding 6 in the first part 6.1 and the second part 6.2 ,

Out 2 it is further apparent that the first part 6.1 through a cuboid 12 with two rounded front edges 13 between which an indicated recess 13.1 runs, is designed. In this recess 13.1 is the second part 6.2 having a curved portion in cross-section, fitted such that the thus formed circumferential parting line 7.1 the three-dimensionally limited contour 7 for the electric coil 1 forms.

In corresponding cross sections of the molding thus joined 6 considered forms this perpendicular to each other surfaces 14 for installations or installations for the contour or winding sections running in a first dimension, a second and a third dimension 15 , These determine the surfaces running helically in their neutral fiber 14 and the shape of the electric coil to be three-dimensionally wound 1 ,

From the longitudinal surfaces running in the first dimension 14 form first surface legs 14.1 of the first part 6.1 a support for the flat side 2.1 ( 1 ) and second surface legs 14.2 of the second part 6.2 a plant for the edge side 2.2 ( 1 ) of the band-shaped conductor 2 the coil 1 ,

Furthermore, of the surfaces running in the second and third dimension 14 third surface leg 14.3 first part 6.1 the support for the flat side 2.1 ( 1 ) and fourth surface legs 14.4 of the second part 6.2 the plant for the edge side 2.2 ( 1 ) of the band-shaped conductor 2 ,

Appropriately, the along the parting line 7.1 circumferential three-dimensionally limited contour 7 as a guide groove for the electrical coil to be wound 1 corresponding to the cross section Q ( 1 ) of winding layers of the electric coil 1 be omitted, which is not shown here.

Thus, this composite molded body 6 in a particular area, where according to 1 the layers of windings of the electric coil 1 between longitudinally extending winding sections 15 and frontally upturned winding heads 15.1 are formed into a shape that leads to a helical rotation 15.2 the cross sections Q of the layers of windings of the electric coil 1 leads.

In this embodiment is not shown in detail that the shaped body 6 - As initially disclosed - formed of flexible material or can be modularly divided into modules to create appropriate shapes and dimensions. This opens up other possibilities for the removal of the three-dimensionally wound coil, as they through the still to be described separation of the divisible molding 6 shown below. So z. B. also by changing the contours of the volume of the molding 6 other ways are opened, in which z. B. with moldings 6 made of flexible material, as well as with cavities, reduced by means of suitable media or modules, the volume of the original shape and then reconstructed after removal of the coil.

From the 3 . 4 . 5 . 7 and 9 It can be seen that corresponding to the molding 6 as a further assembly of the device, a reel body 5 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 running strip-shaped conductor 2 is arranged and guided.

According to 3 to 9 is a multiaxial manipulator 11 for guiding the three-dimensional winding process as the reel body 5 with a coil for the running band-shaped conductor 2 and the shaped body 6 guiding function group provided.

Out 4 it can be seen that by means of the manipulator 11 the molded body 6 around at least a first or second axis 8th . 9 turned and according to 5 the position of a rotation axis 10 of the molding 6 remotely located reel body 5 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 for a winding running band-shaped conductor 2 can be changed or swiveled.

• – erste Mittel 11.1 zum Fügen und Lösen der Teile 6.1, 6.2 des Formkörpers 6 gemäß 6,
• – zweite Mittel 11.2 zum Anlegen, Fixieren und/oder Abtrennen des bandförmigen Leiters 2 sowie Abnehmen der gewickelten Spule 2 gemäß 8, wobei zum Fixieren der Spule 1 Fixierstangen 11.2.1 vorgesehen sind, die eine Drehung der Spule um die Längsachse unterbinden,
• – dritte Mittel 11.3 zur Führung des Rollenkörpers 5 mit dem achterbahnartig auf der dreidimensional begrenzten Kontur 7 des Formkörpers 6 ablaufenden bandförmigen Leiters 2 gemäß 5,
• – vierte Mittel 11.4 zur Drehung des Formkörpers 6 um eine erste Achse 8 und/oder Schwenkung um eine zweite Achse 9 gemäß 4 und/oder
• – fünfte Mittel 11.5 gemäß 9 zur Drehung des Formkörpers 6 um mindestens die erste Achse 8 (4) sowie Veränderung oder Schwenkung der Lage einer Drehachse 10 des vom Formkörper 6 entfernt angeordneten Rollenkörpers 5 entsprechend der jeweils erforderlichen Position des auf der dreidimensional begrenzten Kontur 7 ablaufenden bandförmigen Leiters 2

die erforderlichen Funktionen des Wickelvorgangs zentral gesteuert ausübt.The assemblies, such as moldings 6 , Roll body 5 and manipulator 11 together form the device according to the invention, wherein therein the manipulator 11 by

• - first funds 11.1 for joining and releasing the parts 6.1 . 6.2 of the molding 6 according to 6 .
• - second means 11.2 for applying, fixing and / or separating the band-shaped conductor 2 and removing the wound coil 2 according to 8th , wherein for fixing the coil 1 fixing bars 11.2.1 are provided which prevent rotation of the coil about the longitudinal axis,
• - third funds 11.3 for guiding the reel body 5 with the roller coaster-like on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 of the molding 6 running strip-shaped conductor 2 according to 5 .
• - fourth means 11.4 for rotation of the shaped body 6 around a first axis 8th and / or pivoting about a second axis 9 according to 4 and or
• - fifth funds 11.5 according to 9 for rotation of the shaped body 6 around at least the first axis 8th ( 4 ) as well as change or pivoting of the position of a rotation axis 10 of the molding 6 remotely located reel body 5 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 running strip-shaped conductor 2

performs the required functions of the winding process centrally controlled.

It should be emphasized that the fixation rods 11.2.1 the second means 11.2 They fulfill an essential function: they prevent a rotation of the coil when removing 1 around the longitudinal axis which would lead to the undesired regression of a flat "quasi racetrack coil." The coil according to the invention 1 Thus, further processing, such. Example, a stabilization of the three-dimensionally wound mold with epoxy resin, for use in the target form such. B. of rotors or stators electrical machines to be supplied directly.

For winding the present invention distinguishing three-dimensional coil 1 that is, without the disadvantages of the prior art, such as, inter alia, the significant strains and / or compressions of the material of the band-shaped conductor 2 , the winding process, which has changed considerably compared with the prior art, is now carried out using the apparatus described above. The layers can now be wound tight-close, ie with a high filling factor of the cross-section Q. The functions such as relative movements for the three-dimensional winding process are of the multi-axis operating manipulator 11 between the molding 6 and the reel body 5 directed. The band-shaped conductor 2 During the winding process, it is wound three-dimensionally only around its neutral fiber, rotating without substantial stretching of its material. After each technologically completed winding process, the finished coil 1 produced largely self-supporting without further shaping.

• a) Der Formkörper 6 wird mittels des dreidimensional operierenden Manipulators 11 aus Teilen 6.1, 6.2 (2 bis 6 sowie 8 und 9) zusammengesetzt und dann ein in 2 angedeuteter Anfangsabschnitt 3 des bandförmigen Leiters 2 mittels des vom Manipulator 11 betätigten Rollenkörpers 5, der vom Manipulator 11 mindestens einachsig betätigt wird (5, 7, 9), an einer durch die Zusammensetzung des Formkörpers 6 dreidimensional gebildeten und begrenzten sowie endlos umlaufenden Kontur 7 (2, 3) des Formkörpers 6, der vom Manipulator 11 mindestens einachsig betätigt wird (4, 9), angelegt,
• b) sodann wird der vom Rollenkörper 5 ablaufende bandförmige Leiter 2 (3 bis 5, 7 und 9) entlang der Kontur 7 des Formkörpers 6 mehrmals herumlaufend bis zu einem ein in 2 angedeuteten Endabschnitt 4 des bandförmigen Leiters 2 und Trennung desselben geführt, wobei sowohl die Relativbewegungen zwischen Rollenkörper 5 und Formkörper 6 als auch dessen Teilung vom Manipulator 11 gelenkt werden und
• c) schließlich wird die dreidimensional gewickelte Spule 1 mittels des Manipulators 11 nach Teilung des Formkörpers 6 entnommen (8).

For this purpose, the following functions of the device are executable:

• a) The molded body 6 is by means of the three-dimensionally operating manipulator 11 from parts 6.1 . 6.2 ( 2 to 6 such as 8th and 9 ) and then a in 2 indicated beginning section 3 the band-shaped conductor 2 by means of the manipulator 11 operated roll body 5 , the manipulator 11 operated at least uniaxially ( 5 . 7 . 9 ), at one by the composition of the shaped body 6 three-dimensional formed and limited as well as endlessly circulating contour 7 ( 2 . 3 ) of the molding 6 , the manipulator 11 operated at least uniaxially ( 4 . 9 ), created,
• b) then the roll body 5 running band-shaped conductor 2 ( 3 to 5 . 7 and 9 ) along the contour 7 of the molding 6 running around several times to one in one 2 indicated end section 4 the band-shaped conductor 2 and separation of the same, with both the relative movements between the roller body 5 and shaped bodies 6 as well as its division from the manipulator 11 be steered and
• c) finally, the three-dimensionally wound coil 1 by means of the manipulator 11 after division of the molding 6 taken ( 8th ).

This process is according to 6 and 8th variable, that the three-dimensionally wound coil 1 by means of the manipulator 11 after changing the original contours of the volume of the molding 6 is removed, with the volume initially reduced and after removal of the coil 1 then reconstructed again.

In 7 is - without representation of the molding 6 Shown schematically to a variant of the leadership of the reel body 5 , in particular with the so-called "roller coaster" guide, on the three-dimensionally delimited contour 7 running strip-shaped conductor 2 to demonstrate.

After one out 4 apparent first principle according to 4 and 9 becomes the shaped body 6 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 ( 2 and 3 ) running strip-shaped conductor 2 around a first axis 8th swiveled and rotated about a second axis 9 swiveled while rotating the roller body 5 in one of the moldings 6 remote lying position out.

A second and possibly preferred principle according to 9 provides that the shaped body 6 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 running strip-shaped conductor 2 analogous 4 around at least the first axis 8th pivoting turned and optionally additionally by at least the second axis 9 swiveled while rotating the roller body 5 in one of the moldings 6 remote position by changing or tilting the position of its axis of rotation 10 according to the respectively required position of the on the three-dimensional limited contour 7 ( 2 and 3 ) running strip-shaped conductor 2 to be led.

• – bestehenden Anforderungen an die erfindungsgemäße Spule 1 und
• – technologischen Voraussetzungen

darzustellen.In this embodiment with variants, the invention is described so as to include the

• - Existing requirements for the coil according to the invention 1 and
• - technological requirements

display.

Industrial Applicability

The newly developed according to the invention device ensures the rational production of three-dimensionally wound coils 1 with improved properties. Their layers can be wrapped without any preliminary calculations regarding the length to be provided to the wound length. The winding process can by means of the band-shaped conductor 2 donating coils and being manipulated around a bobbin three-dimensionally with an optimized number of axes. The ferti ge coil 1 can be of any three-dimensional shape and ensure electrical parameters for use in e.g. B. electric machines, such as rotors and stators in motors and generators. The three-dimensional winding of the band-shaped conductor is largely without significant strains and or upsetting its material and ensures optimum electrical values. There are any materials, especially materials such as metals with metal oxides, so preferably anodized aluminum or superconducting materials without accepting the disadvantages described above can be used.

Thus, the invention ensures the development of a broad technological field of application of the three-dimensionally wound coils 1 ,

1

three-dimensional shaped electric coil

2

ribbon-shaped ladder

2.1

flat side

2.2

edge side

3

Beginning section of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 )

4

End portion of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 )

5

roller body

6

moldings

6.1

first part

6.2

second part

seven

endless circumferential contour

7.1

parting line

8th

first axis

9

second axis

10

axis of rotation

11

manipulator

11.1

first medium

11.2

second medium

11.2.1

fixation

11.3

third medium

11.4

fourth medium

11.5

fifth medium

12

cuboid

13

front edge

13.1

recess

14

area

14.1

first surface leg

14.2

second surface leg

14.3

third surface leg

14.4

fourth surface leg

15

(Contour- or) winding section

15.1

winding

15.2

helical rotation

Q

cross-section

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 102006009250 A1 [0002, 0003, 0009, 0022]
• WO 2006111527 A1 [0003, 0009, 0022]
• - EP 18723777 A1 [0003, 0009, 0022]
• - JP 06-196314 A [0004]
• JP 2003-255032 A [0004]
• DE 19943783 A1 [0017]
• WO 01/08173 A1 [0019]
• - EP 1471363 A1 [0021]
• EP 1833062 B1 [0029]

Cited non-patent literature

• - http://www.maschinenmarkt.vogel.de [0009]
• - IEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, Vol. 9, no. 2, June 1999, pp. 293-296 [0020]

Claims (20)

Device for three-dimensionally winding an electric coil ( 1 ) from one of a reel body ( 5 ) guided and running band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) with a band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) temporarily receiving and the electrical coil ( 1 ) a three-dimensional extension giving moldings ( 6 ) as a wound body, wherein layers of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) can be wound tight-close-fitting with a high filling factor, the functions such as relative movements for the three-dimensional winding process of a multi-axis manipulator ( 11 ) between the shaped body ( 6 ) and the reel body ( 5 ) are steerable, the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) is three-dimensionally wound around its neutral fiber during the winding process without substantial stretching of its material, and after each technologically completed winding process the finished coil ( 1 ) is largely self-supporting generated without further shaping. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a multiaxial manipulator ( 11 ) for the guidance of the three-dimensional winding process ( 11 ), at least one reel body ( 5 ) with a coil for the running band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) and the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) by means of a contour ( 7 ) a three-dimensional extension giving moldings ( 6 ) as a wound body. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaped body ( 6 ) is formed of flexible material. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the first part ( 6.1 ) and a second part ( 6.2 ) having shaped body ( 6 ) with the three-dimensionally extending, endlessly circulating contour ( 7 ), which has a spherical, such as "roller coaster" boundary for the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) of the electric coil to be wound ( 1 ). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaped body ( 6 ) a three-dimensionally extending, endlessly circulating parting line ( 7.1 ), which forms the shape of a spherical boundary such as "roller coaster". Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaped body ( 6 ) is modularly divided into modules to create appropriate shapes and dimensions. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the roller body ( 5 ) corresponding to the limiting contour ( 7 ) of the shaped body ( 6 ) is arranged. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by first means ( 11.1 ) for joining and detaching the parts ( 6.1 . 6.2 ) of the shaped body ( 6 ). Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by second means ( 11.2 ) for applying and / or separating the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) and removing the wound coil ( 2 ). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 and 9 characterized in that for fixing the coil ( 1 ) by the manipulator ( 11.2 ) Fixing rods ( 11.2.1 ) are arranged. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by third means ( 11.3 ) for guiding the reel body ( 5 ) with the roller coaster-like on the three-dimensional limited contour ( 7 ) of the shaped body ( 6 ) running strip-shaped conductor ( 2 ). Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by fourth means ( 11.4 ) for rotation of the shaped body ( 6 ) around at least a first axis ( 8th ) and pivoting about at least a second axis ( 9 ). Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by fifth means ( 11.5 ) for rotation of the shaped body ( 6 ) around at least the first axis ( 8th ) as well as change or pivoting of the position of a rotation axis ( 10 ) of the molded body ( 6 ) remotely located reel body ( 5 ) according to the respective required position of the on the three-dimensionally limited contour ( 7 ) running strip-shaped conductor ( 2 ). Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first part ( 6.1 ) through a cuboid ( 12 ) with two rounded front edges ( 13 ), between which a recess ( 13.1 ), is designed, in which recess ( 13.1 ) the second part ( 6.2 ), which has a curved section in cross-section, is fitted in such a way that the peripheral parting line ( 7.1 ) the three-dimensionally limited contour ( 7 ) for the electric coil ( 1 ), wherein (viewed in cross sections) of the molded body ( 6 ) perpendicular surfaces ( 14 ) for installations / installations of contour or winding sections running in a first dimension, in a second and in a third dimension ( 15 ), which are the surfaces running in their neutral fiber ( 14 ) the shape of the three-dimensionally wound electrical coil ( 1 ). Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a) extending from the longitudinal surfaces extending in the first dimension ( 14 ) first surface legs ( 14.1 ) a support for a flat side ( 2.1 ) and second surfaces Thighs ( 14.2 ) an installation for an edge side ( 2.2 ) of the band-shaped conductor (14) and b) of the surfaces running in the second and third dimension ( 14 ) third surface limbs ( 14.3 ) the support for the flat side ( 2.1 ) and fourth surface legs ( 14.4 ) the plant for the edge side ( 2.2 ) of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) form. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that along the parting line ( 7.1 ) encircling three-dimensionally limited contour ( 7 ) as a guide groove for the electrical coil to be wound ( 1 ) corresponding to a cross-section (Q) of layers of windings of the electric coil ( 1 ) is omitted. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the composite molded body ( 6 ) in a respective area in which the layers of windings of the electric coil ( 1 ) between longitudinally extending winding sections ( 15 ) and frontally upturned end windings ( 15.1 ) is formed into a shape that leads to a helical rotation ( 15.2 ) of the cross sections (Q) of the layers of windings of the electric coil ( 1 ) leads. Three-dimensionally wound coil ( 2 ) of band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) with any material, wound according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized by a neutral fiber of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) helically wound winding sections ( 15 . 15.1 . 15.2 ). Three-dimensionally wound coil ( 2 ) according to claim 18, characterized in that in longitudinally extending winding sections ( 15 ) each top or bottom flat side ( 2.1 ) each individual layer of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) in the apex of winding heads ( 15.1 ) then the bottom or top, ie rotated by about 180 ° flat side ( 2.1 ). Three-dimensionally wound coil ( 2 ) according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) consists of anodized aluminum and its oxide layer the structural state of the oxide layer of the band-shaped conductor ( 2 ) before winding corresponds.