DE202008010988U1 - Heat exchanger system for Rankine processes - Google Patents

Abstract

heat exchanger group for cooling the exhaust steam of a turbine during production of electrical energy consisting of a so-called regenerator (12) for the pre-cooling of the exhaust steam and the preheating the condensate and a condenser (13) for liquefaction the vapor consists of coolant, the heat exchanger (12) and (13) are in a common cylindrical shell (1) to the environment, both (12) and (13) radially with a Part or all over the same section of the tank axis (10) lie and the inlet opening of the vapor (2) itself between the two ends of the cylindrical container (1) located.

Description

The The invention describes a heat exchanger system which is incorporated in Power generation plants cool down the relaxed exhaust steam after a turbine and condenses. The invention relates to the compound which Construction and the arrangement of the two for cooling and for Condensation necessary functional units "regenerator" and "capacitor".

application

to Conversion of thermal energy into electrical is called in so-called Rankine processes a liquid working medium evaporates, over a turbine, relaxed and then condensed. Subsequently the condensate is returned via a pump (feed pump) fed to the evaporation. For most working media the relaxed steam after the turbine is not yet at the condensation temperature cooled. The included in this overheating Heat can be used to preheat the liquid Working medium from the condenser (condensate) after the feed pump be used. The heat exchanger used for this purpose is referred to here as a regenerator.

regenerator and condenser are on the steam side after the turbine one behind the other switched (series connection). The relaxed steam from the turbine is first passed through the regenerator, here to near the condensation temperature cooled and then liquefied in the condenser. The pressure loss caused by the heat exchanger and the Efficiency of the regenerator are crucial for the efficiency of the entire system. Especially in small, compact plants determines the structure, the arrangement and connection of the two heat exchangers the cost of the entire facility.

State of the art

In the patent specification " EP 1 426 565 A1 "A system is described in which the condenser and regenerator are arranged in a common shell, the shell is in the shape of a cylinder, and the steam is supplied to the system via an axially aligned neck at the top or bottom of that cylinder above or below the condenser.

Of the Steam flows in parallel to the tank axis. He is deflected by 90 °, directed to the entrance of the regenerator and after its straight flow into the condenser guided. The resulting condensate is removed from the container directed.

Summary of the invention

The Invention describes a system of regenerator and capacitor, which is much more compact, than the known state of the technique. The volume and weight of the heat exchanger system and thus the costs are lowered.

simultaneously despite the more compact design, the efficiency of heat transfer increased and lowered the pressure losses. Thus increase the efficiency and thus the benefits of the whole system.

Brief description of the drawings

In to illustrate the attached schematic drawings the invention, their advantages, the distinction from the state of Technology and variants of execution.

1) shows the known prior art as a representation of the in the patent EP 1 426 565 A1 / 6 shown system cross-section.

2) serves on the basis of a similar cross section through a variant of the system described in the invention advantages and differentiation from the prior art.

3 - 6) clarify the function of a variant of the invention using different methods of representation.

7 - 10) show cross sections of various variations of the invention.

11) illustrates in a longitudinal section detailed the internal structure of the new heat exchanger system.

Description of the invention

The two heat exchanger units regenerator ( 12 ) and capacitor ( 13 ) are in a common cylindrical shell ( 1 ). The relaxed exhaust steam of a turbine is via a connection ( 2 ) at right angles to a parallelism of the container axis ( 10 ) in the shell ( 1 ). He will be in a designated room ( 11 ) evenly to the container axis ( 10 ) and passed through so-called regenerator. Then it flows into the condenser and is liquefied. The condensate is led out of the container at a suitable place. For flow guidance and insulation regenerator and capacitor are surrounded by a shell ( 14 . 18 ).

As in the 1) drawn prior art, are regenerator ( 12 ) and capacitor ( 13 ) in a common envelope ( 1 ). In Ge sentence to 1 is in the invention 2) the regenerator ( 12 ) is constructed so that the steam flowing through a curved path ( 20 ) around the capacitor (parallel to the same axis) ( 13 ) describes. The steam supply ( 2 ) is in contrast to 1) expediently on the radial side of the common cylindrical container ( 1 ).

In 2) a variant of the invention, the same sizes as in 1) , the state of the art for which in the common shell ( 1 ) lying heat exchanger ( 12 ) and ( 13 ). From the juxtaposition of 1) and 2) the considerable space saving results. It also becomes clear that the flow guidance is greatly improved.

In the known arrangements of regenerator and capacitor is in the common shell of the capacitor ( 13 ) and the regenerator ( 12 ) existing space not used optimally. Furthermore, pressure losses occur due to repeated changes in the cross section and the direction on the way of the vapor to the condenser.

In the invention, the system of regenerator and condenser is constructed so that the space is used in the best possible way and at the same time lower pressure losses than in the known state of the art. To achieve this, the regenerator ( 12 ) is curved about the longitudinal axis of the capacitor. The steam can flow under maximum radius of steam ( 20 ) through the regenerator ( 12 ) in the condenser ( 13 ) stream. For distributing the steam after entering the container ( 1 ) along the container axis ( 10 ) the room is sufficient ( 11 ).

In 3) the view of a variant 1 of the new heat exchanger system is shown from the outside. The nozzle turned 90 ° to the axis ( 10 ) of the system shell ( 1 ) for supplying steam ( 2 ) is recognizable.

In 4) is the basic internal structure and in 5) the cross section of variant 1 shown. The vapor stream ( 20a ) spreads after entering the container in the room ( 11 ) before moving around the pipes ( 12 ) of the register of the regenerator ( 20b ) and then flows into the condenser. For this purpose, a part of the shell of the capacitor ( 14 ) and thus allows the entry of the vapor stream ( 20c ). In variant 1, the condensate in the condenser shell ( 14 ) and flows through a nozzle ( 7 ) from the container ( 1 ). The condensate flows ( 21 ) in the tubes of the register of the regenerator ( 12 ) from the inlet ( 8th ) against the direction of the vapor stream ( 20 ), here in the cross-countercurrent, to the outlet nozzle. In 6) be the cross section 5) abstracted and only the cross-sectional areas of the functional units shown. Connections for additional condensate and Inertgasabführung are not shown.

The described principle of the invention can now be modified as required. This is done by 7) to 10) clarified. In variant 1, 6) , the steam inlet is parallel to the tangent of the tank axis. The condenser is arranged in the upper part of the container. This allows the condensate emerge at horizontally oriented container at a high level. In compact systems, the pre-pressure of the downstream feed pump increases. However, additional measures must be taken to dissipate the accumulating in the container casing condensate at standstill and when starting the system. Characteristic of this variant is the steam inlet below the condenser.

In variant 2, 7) , the steam is passed above the condenser to the regenerator and flows to the condenser laterally or from below. The condensate flowing out of the condenser is discharged from the jacket. This reduces the height of the pre-pressure of the downstream feed pump. But there are no additional measures for the startup necessary.

In variant 3 in 8th) the regenerator is arranged symmetrically around the capacitor bank. It corresponds to variant 1, but the structure of the register is simpler because rotationally symmetric. Also, the capacitor bank is in the center.

Variant 4 in 9) corresponds to variant 2, however, with rotationally symmetrical register.

Variant 5 in 10) differs from the previous variants in that the vapor and liquid flow through the register ( 12 ) the capacitor ( 13 ) flows around on both sides and enters the condenser on the opposite side. As a result, the cross section of the overall system can be reduced.

In 11) is by a section along the container axis ( 10 ) of variant 5 in 10) the structure of the system is shown in more detail. You can control the vapor entry into the condenser ( 17 ) detect. Likewise, the attachment ( 15 ) and flow guidance through the register. In this variant, the register is still of an additional coat ( 18 ) to the outer shell ( 1 ) and to the capacitor shell ( 14 ) surround. As a result, thermal stresses are reduced in the shell and the condenser space ( 13 ) not unnecessarily heated. The additional expense, however, is only appropriate for large systems.

1) Prior art according to patent EP 1 426 565 A1

2) Cross-section of a variant of the invention for differentiation from the prior art according to 1)

3) Exterior heat exchanger system variant 1

4) Material flow 3D in the heat exchanger system variant 1

5) Cross section of heat exchanger system variant 1

6) Cross-section of the functional units in system variant 1

7) Cross-section of the functional units in system variant 2

8th) Cross section of the functional units in system variant 3

9) Cross-section of the functional units in system variant 4

10) Cross section of the functional units in system variant 5

11) Longitudinal section of the heat exchanger system of variant 5

1

outer shell

2

Steam inlet nozzle

3

slot nozzle for tube bundle condenser

4

cover Tube bundle condenser

5

Support Cooling water outlet condenser

6

Support Cooling water inlet condenser

7

Support Condensate outlet condenser

8th

Support Condensate inlet recuperator

9

Support Condensate outlet recuperator

10

central axis heat exchanger system

11

distribution space for steam

12

register Recuperator (finned tubes)

13

tube bundle Condenser (U-tubes)

14

shell capacitor

15

lateral Attachment for recuperator pipes

16

support for recuperator pipes

17

steam inlet in condenser

18

baffles recuperator

19

redirection or pipe connection of the recuperator pipes

20

steam flow a) By inlet b) By register recuperator c) In capacitor

20

condensate flow in the register Recuperator

21

Cooling water flow in the tube bundle condenser

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 1426565 A1 [0004, 0009, 0027]

Claims (3)

Heat exchanger group for cooling the exhaust steam of a turbine in the production of electrical energy, which consists of a so-called regenerator ( 12 ) for the pre-cooling of the exhaust steam and the preheating of the condensate and a condenser ( 13 ) for liquefying the vapor by means of coolant, the heat exchangers ( 12 ) and ( 13 ) in a common cylindrical shell ( 1 ) to the environment, both ( 12 ) and ( 13 ) radially with a part or all over the same portion of the container axis ( 10 ) and the inlet opening of the steam ( 2 ) between the two ends of the cylindrical container ( 1 ) is located. Heat exchanger group according to claim 1), in which the so-called regenerator ( 12 ) is constructed so that the steam flowing through ( 20 ) during the heat exchange one about the longitudinal axis ( 10 ) of the container ( 1 ) curved path flows before entering the condenser. Heat exchanger group according to claim 1), in which the so-called regenerator ( 12 ) consists of two parts, so that the steam flowing into the container ( 20 ) radially to the container axis ( 10 ) divides the capacitor ( 13 ) flows around and flows into these on the opposite side.